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Sparing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: M. Sparing"> <meta name="keywords" content="M. Sparing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="M. 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Sparing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 36</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: M. Sparing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Factors Associated with Ketamine Use in Pancreatic Cancer Patient in a Single Hospice Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Min%20Kwom">Kyung Min Kwom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Joo%20Lee"> Young Joo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Up to 90% of pancreatic cancer patient suffer from neuropathic pain. In palliative care setting, pain control in a pancreatic cancer patient is one of the major goals. Ketamine is a NMDA receptor antagonist effective in neuropathic pain. Also, there have been studies about opioid sparing effect of ketamine. This study was held in palliative care unit among pancreatic cancer patients to find out the factors related to ketamine use and the opioid sparing effect. Methods: Medical records of pancreatic cancer patients admitted to St. Mary’s hospital palliative care unit from 2013.1 to 2014.12 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two categories according to ketamine use. Also, opioid use before and after ketamine use was compared in ketamine group. Results: Compared to non ketamine use group, patients in ketamine group required a higher dose of opioid. Total opioid dose, daily opioid dose, number of daily rescue medication, daily average rescue dose were statistically significantly higher in ketamine group. Opioid requirement was increased after ketamine administration. Conclusion: In this study, ketamine group required more opioid. Ketamine is frequently considered in patients with severe pain, requiring high amount of opioid. Also, ketamine did not have an opioid sparing effect. Future studies about palliative use of ketamine in a larger number of patients are required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketamine" title="ketamine">ketamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid%20sparing" title=" opioid sparing"> opioid sparing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative%20care" title=" palliative care"> palliative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatic%20cancer" title=" pancreatic cancer"> pancreatic cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54663/factors-associated-with-ketamine-use-in-pancreatic-cancer-patient-in-a-single-hospice-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Tax Treaties between Developed and Developing Countries: Withholding Taxes and Treaty Heterogeneity Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranvera%20Shehaj">Pranvera Shehaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unlike any prior analysis on the withholding tax rates negotiated in tax treaties, this study looks at the treaty heterogeneity content, by investigating the impact of the residence country’s double tax relief method and of tax-sparing agreements, on the difference between developing countries’ domestic withholding taxes on dividends on one side, and treaty negotiated withholding taxes at source on portfolio dividends on the other side. Using a dyadic panel dataset of asymmetric double tax treaties between 2005 and 2019, this study suggests first that the difference between domestic and negotiated WHTs on portfolio dividends is higher when the OECD member uses the credit method, as compared to when it uses the exemption method. Second, results suggest that the inclusion of tax-sparing provisions vanishes the positive effect of the credit method at home on the difference between domestic and negotiated WHTs on portfolio dividends, incentivizing developing countries to negotiate higher withholding taxes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20tax%20treaties" title="double tax treaties">double tax treaties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20investments" title=" asymmetric investments"> asymmetric investments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=withholding%20tax" title=" withholding tax"> withholding tax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dividends" title=" dividends"> dividends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20tax%20relief%20method" title=" double tax relief method"> double tax relief method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20sparing" title=" tax sparing"> tax sparing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162832/tax-treaties-between-developed-and-developing-countries-withholding-taxes-and-treaty-heterogeneity-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Balancing Biodiversity and Agriculture: A Broad-Scale Analysis of the Land Sparing/Land Sharing Trade-Off for South African Birds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chevonne%20Reynolds">Chevonne Reynolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Res%20Altwegg"> Res Altwegg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Balmford"> Andrew Balmford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claire%20N.%20Spottiswoode"> Claire N. Spottiswoode</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern agriculture has revolutionised the planet’s capacity to support humans, yet has simultaneously had a greater negative impact on biodiversity than any other human activity. Balancing the demand for food with the conservation of biodiversity is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Biodiversity-friendly farming (‘land sharing’), or alternatively, separation of conservation and production activities (‘land sparing’), are proposed as two strategies for mediating the trade-off between agriculture and biodiversity. However, there is much debate regarding the efficacy of each strategy, as this trade-off has typically been addressed by short term studies at fine spatial scales. These studies ignore processes that are relevant to biodiversity at larger scales, such as meta-population dynamics and landscape connectivity. Therefore, to better understand species response to agricultural land-use and provide evidence to underpin the planning of better production landscapes, we need to determine the merits of each strategy at larger scales. In South Africa, a remarkable citizen science project - the South African Bird Atlas Project 2 (SABAP2) – collates an extensive dataset describing the occurrence of birds at a 5-min by 5-min grid cell resolution. We use these data, along with fine-resolution data on agricultural land-use, to determine which strategy optimises the agriculture-biodiversity trade-off in a southern African context, and at a spatial scale never considered before. To empirically test this trade-off, we model bird species population density, derived for each 5-min grid cell by Royle-Nicols single-species occupancy modelling, against both the amount and configuration of different types of agricultural production in the same 5-min grid cell. In using both production amount and configuration, we can show not only how species population densities react to changes in yield, but also describe the production landscape patterns most conducive to conservation. Furthermore, the extent of both the SABAP2 and land-cover datasets allows us to test this trade-off across multiple regions to determine if bird populations respond in a consistent way and whether results can be extrapolated to other landscapes. We tested the land sparing/sharing trade-off for 281 bird species across three different biomes in South Africa. Overall, a higher proportion of species are classified as losers, and would benefit from land sparing. However, this proportion of loser-sparers is not consistent and varies across biomes and the different types of agricultural production. This is most likely because of differences in the intensity of agricultural land-use and the interactions between the differing types of natural vegetation and agriculture. Interestingly, we observe a higher number of species that benefit from agriculture than anticipated, suggesting that agriculture is a legitimate resource for certain bird species. Our results support those seen at smaller scales and across vastly different agricultural systems, that land sparing benefits the most species. However, our analysis suggests that land sparing needs to be implemented at spatial scales much larger than previously considered. Species persistence in agricultural landscapes will require the conservation of large tracts of land, and is an important consideration in developing countries, which are undergoing rapid agricultural development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birds" title=" birds"> birds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20sharing" title=" land sharing"> land sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20sparing" title=" land sparing"> land sparing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76319/balancing-biodiversity-and-agriculture-a-broad-scale-analysis-of-the-land-sparingland-sharing-trade-off-for-south-african-birds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Dosimetric Dependence on the Collimator Angle in Prostate Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Isa%20Khan">Muhammad Isa Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalil%20Ur%20Rehman"> Jalil Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal%20Khan%20Rao"> Muhammad Afzal Khan Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Chow"> James Chow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study investigates the dose-volume variations in planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) using different collimator angles for smart arc prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Awareness of the collimator angle for PTV and OARs sparing is essential for the planner because optimization contains numerous treatment constraints producing a complex, unstable and computationally challenging problem throughout its examination of an optimal plan in a rational time. Materials and Methods: Single arc VMAT plans at different collimator angles varied systematically (0°-90°) were performed on a Harold phantom and a new treatment plan is optimized for each collimator angle. We analyzed the conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), monitor units (MUs), dose-volume histogram, mean and maximum doses to PTV. We also explored OARs (e.g. bladder, rectum and femoral heads), dose-volume criteria in the treatment plan (e.g. D30%, D50%, V30Gy and V38Gy of bladder and rectum; D5%,V14Gy and V22Gy of femoral heads), dose-volume histogram, mean and maximum doses for smart arc VMAT at different collimator angles. Results: There was no significance difference found in VMAT optimization at all studied collimator angles. However, if 0.5% accuracy is concerned then collimator angle = 45° provides higher CI and lower HI. Collimator angle = 15° also provides lower HI values like collimator angle 45°. It is seen that collimator angle = 75° is established as a good for rectum and right femur sparing. Collimator angle = 90° and collimator angle = 30° were found good for rectum and left femur sparing respectively. The PTV dose coverage statistics for each plan are comparatively independent of the collimator angles. Conclusion: It is concluded that this study will help the planner to have freedom to choose any collimator angle from (0°-90°) for PTV coverage and select a suitable collimator angle to spare OARs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VMAT" title="VMAT">VMAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose-volume%20histogram" title=" dose-volume histogram"> dose-volume histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collimator%20angle" title=" collimator angle"> collimator angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organs-at-risk" title=" organs-at-risk"> organs-at-risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5950/dosimetric-dependence-on-the-collimator-angle-in-prostate-volumetric-modulated-arc-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Case Report: Opioid Sparing Anaesthesia with Dexmedetomidine in General Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shang%20Yee%20Chong">Shang Yee Chong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perioperative pain is a complex mechanism activated by various nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory pathways. Opioids have long been a mainstay for analgesia in this period, even as we are continuously moving towards a multimodal model to improve pain control while minimising side effects. Dexmedetomidine, a potent alpha-2 agonist, is a useful sedative and hypnotic agent. Its use in the intensive care unit has been well described, and it is increasingly an adjunct intraoperatively for its opioid sparing effects and to decrease pain scores. We describe a case of a general surgical patient in whom minimal opioids was required with dexmedetomidine use. The patient was a 61-year-old Indian gentleman with a history of hyperlipidaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting with rectal adenocarcinoma detected on colonoscopy. He was scheduled for a robotic ultra-low anterior resection. The patient was induced with intravenous fentanyl 75mcg, propofol 160mg and atracurium 40mg. He was intubated conventionally and mechanically ventilated. Anaesthesia was maintained with inhalational desflurane and anaesthetic depth was measured with the Masimo EEG Sedline brain function monitor. An initial intravenous dexmedetomidine dose (bolus) of 1ug/kg for 10 minutes was given prior to anaesthetic induction and thereafter, an infusion of 0.2-0.4ug/kg/hr to the end of surgery. In addition, a bolus dose of intravenous lignocaine 1.5mg/kg followed by an infusion at 1mg/kg/hr throughout the surgery was administered. A total of 10mmol of magnesium sulphate and intravenous paracetamol 1000mg were also given for analgesia. There were no significant episodes of bradycardia or hypotension. A total of intravenous phenylephrine 650mcg was given throughout to maintain the patient’s mean arterial pressure within 10-15mmHg of baseline. The surgical time lasted for 5 hours and 40minutes. Postoperatively the patient was reversed and extubated successfully. He was alert and comfortable and pain scores were minimal in the immediate post op period in the postoperative recovery unit. Time to first analgesia was 4 hours postoperatively – with paracetamol 1g administered. This was given at 6 hourly intervals strictly for 5 days post surgery, along with celecoxib 200mg BD as prescribed by the surgeon regardless of pain scores. Oral oxycodone was prescribed as a rescue analgesic for pain scores > 3/10, but the patient did not require any dose. Neither was there nausea or vomiting. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. This case has reinforced the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct in general surgery cases, highlighting its excellent opioid-sparing effects. In the entire patient’s hospital stay, the only dose of opioid he received was 75mcg of fentanyl at the time of anaesthetic induction. The patient suffered no opioid adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting or postoperative ileus, and pain scores varied from 0-2/10. However, intravenous lignocaine infusion was also used in this instance, which would have helped improve pain scores. Paracetamol, lignocaine, and dexmedetomidine is thus an effective, opioid-sparing combination of multi-modal analgesia for major abdominal surgery cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analgesia" title="analgesia">analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dexmedetomidine" title=" dexmedetomidine"> dexmedetomidine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20surgery" title=" general surgery"> general surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid%20sparing" title=" opioid sparing"> opioid sparing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109472/case-report-opioid-sparing-anaesthesia-with-dexmedetomidine-in-general-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> The Anesthesia Considerations in Robotic Mastectomies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrit%20Vasdev">Amrit Vasdev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Rho"> Edwin Rho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurinder%20Vasdev"> Gurinder Vasdev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robotic surgery has enabled a new spectrum of minimally invasive breast reconstruction by improving visualization, surgeon posturing, and improved patient outcomes.1 The DaVinci robot system can be utilized in nipple sparing mastectomies and reconstructions. The process involves the insufflation of the subglandular space and a dissection of the mammary gland with a combination of cautery and blunt dissection. This case outlines a 35-year-old woman who has a long-standing family history of breast cancer and a diagnosis of a deleterious BRCA2 genetic mutation. She has decided to proceed with bilateral nipple sparing mastectomies with implants. Her perioperative mammogram and MRI were negative for masses, however, her left internal mammary lymph node was enlarged. She has taken oral contraceptive pills for 3-5 years and denies DES exposure, radiation therapy, human replacement therapy, or prior breast surgery. She does not smoke and rarely consumes alcohol. During the procedure, the patient received a standardized anesthetic for out-patient surgery of propofol infusion, succinylcholine, sevoflurane, and fentanyl. Aprepitant was given as an antiemetic and preoperative Tylenol and gabapentin for pain management. Concerns for the patient during the procedure included CO2 insufflation into the subcutaneous space. With CO2 insufflation, there is a potential for rapid uptake leading to severe acidosis, embolism, and subcutaneous emphysema.2To mitigate this, it is important to hyperventilate the patient and reduce both the insufflation pressure and the CO2 flow rate to the minimal acceptable by the surgeon. For intraoperative monitoring during this 6-9 hour long procedure, it has been suggested to utilize an Arterial-Line for end-tidal CO2 monitoring. However, in this case, it was not necessary as the patient had excellent cardiovascular reserve, and end-tidal CO2 was within normal limits for the duration of the procedure. A BIS monitor was also utilized to reduce anesthesia burden and to facilitate a prompt discharge from the PACU. Minimal Invasive Robotic Surgery will continue to evolve, and anesthesiologists need to be prepared for the new challenges ahead. Based on our limit number of patients, robotic mastectomy appears to be a safe alternative to open surgery with the promise of clearer tissue demarcation and better cosmetic results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anesthesia" title="anesthesia">anesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mastectomies" title=" mastectomies"> mastectomies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic" title=" robotic"> robotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypercarbia" title=" hypercarbia"> hypercarbia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164688/the-anesthesia-considerations-in-robotic-mastectomies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Preservation of Endocrine Function after Central Pancreatectomy without Anastomoses for a Mid Gland Pancreatic Insulinoma: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karthikeyan%20M.">Karthikeyan M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20M.%20J."> Paul M. J.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This abstract describes a case of central pancreatectomy (CP) for a 50-year-old woman with a neuroendocrine tumor in the mid-body of the pancreas. CP, a parenchyma-sparing surgical option, preserves the distal pancreas and spleen, reducing the risk of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine insufficiency compared to traditional resections. The patient, initially misdiagnosed with transient ischemic attack, presented with hypoglycemic symptoms and was found to have a pancreatic lesion. Post-operative results were positive, with a reduction in pancreatic drain volume and normalization of blood sugar levels. This case highlights CP's efficacy in treating centrally located pancreatic lesions while maintaining pancreatic function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20pancreatectomy%20without%20anastomosis" title="central pancreatectomy without anastomosis">central pancreatectomy without anastomosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=no%20endocrine%20deficiency%20on%20follow-op" title=" no endocrine deficiency on follow-op"> no endocrine deficiency on follow-op</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=less%20post-op%20hospital%20stay" title=" less post-op hospital stay"> less post-op hospital stay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=less%20post-op%20complications" title=" less post-op complications"> less post-op complications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179221/preservation-of-endocrine-function-after-central-pancreatectomy-without-anastomoses-for-a-mid-gland-pancreatic-insulinoma-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> A Review on Various Approaches for Energy Conservation in Green Cloud Computing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumati%20Manchanda">Sumati Manchanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud computing is one of the most recent developing engineering and is consistently utilized as a part of different IT firms so as to make benefits like expense sparing or financial minimization, it must be eco cordial also. In this manner, Green Cloud Computing is the need of the today's current situation. It is an innovation that is rising as data correspondence engineering. This paper surveys the unequivocal endeavors made by different specialists to make Cloud Computing more vitality preserving, to break down its vitality utilization focused around sorts of administrations gave furthermore to diminish the carbon foot shaped impression rate by colossal methodologies furthermore edify virtualization idea alongside different diverse methodologies which utilize virtual machines scheduling and migration. The summary of the proposed work by various authors that we have reviewed is also presented in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20cloud%20computing" title=" green cloud computing"> green cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduling" title=" scheduling"> scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtualization" title=" virtualization"> virtualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23948/a-review-on-various-approaches-for-energy-conservation-in-green-cloud-computing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> BOFSC: A Blockchain Based Decentralized Framework to Ensure the Transparency of Organic Food Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mifta%20Ul%20Jannat">Mifta Ul Jannat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Ahmed"> Raju Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20Mamun"> Al Mamun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jannatul%20%20Ferdaus"> Jannatul Ferdaus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritu%20Costa"> Ritu Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milon%20Biswas"> Milon Biswas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blockchain is an internet-based invention that is coveted in the permanent, scumbled record for its capacity to openly accept, record, and distribute transactions. In a traditional supply chain, there are no trustworthy participants for an organic product. Yet blockchain engineering may provide confidence, transparency, and traceability. Blockchain varies in how companies get real, checked, and lasting information from their supply chain and lock in customers. In an arrangement of cryptographic squares, Blockchain digitizes each connection by sparing it. No one person may alter the documents, and any alteration within the agreement is clear to all. The coming to the record is tamper proof and unchanging, offering a complete history of the object’s life cycle and minimizing opening for extorting. The primary aim of this analysis is to identify the underlying problem that the customer faces. In this post, we will minimize the allocation of fraud data through the ’Smart Contract’ and include a certificate of quality assurance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title="blockchain technology">blockchain technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20supply%20chain" title=" food supply chain"> food supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethereum" title=" Ethereum"> Ethereum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20contract" title=" smart contract"> smart contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title=" quality assurance"> quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trustability" title=" trustability"> trustability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135304/bofsc-a-blockchain-based-decentralized-framework-to-ensure-the-transparency-of-organic-food-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Farming Production in Brazil: Innovation and Land-Sparing Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabela%20Romanha%20de%20Alcantara">Isabela Romanha de Alcantara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Eustaquio%20Ribeiro%20Vieira%20Filho"> Jose Eustaquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Garcia%20Gasques"> Jose Garcia Gasques</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovation and technology can be determinant factors to ensure agricultural and sustainable growth, as well as productivity gains. Technical change has contributed considerably to supply agricultural expansion in Brazil. This agricultural growth could be achieved by incorporating more land or capital. If capital is the main source of agricultural growth, it is possible to increase production per unit of land. The objective of this paper is to estimate: 1) total factor productivity (TFP), which is measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input; and 2) the land-saving effect (LSE) that is the amount of land required in the case that yield rate is constant over time. According to this study, from 1990 to 2019, it appears that 87 percent of Brazilian agriculture product growth comes from the gains of productivity; the rest of 13 percent comes from input growth. In the same period, the total LSE was roughly 400 Mha, which corresponds to 47 percent of the national territory. These effects reflect the greater efficiency of using productive factors, whose technical change has allowed an increase in agricultural production based on productivity gains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land-saving%20effect" title=" land-saving effect"> land-saving effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137802/farming-production-in-brazil-innovation-and-land-sparing-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Research on Emotional Healing Street Furniture under the Background of Urban Micro-Renewal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanhao%20Gao">Tanhao Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongtao%20Zhou"> Hongtao Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the COVID-19 pandemic spreading worldwide, people are facing more significant mental pressure. The government and social groups are sparing no effort to find ways to heal people's emotions and return to normal life. Therefore, research on emotional healing has urgency and practical significance. From the perspective of urban planning, street furniture has the potential to become "emotional healing touchpoints." This study first analyzed the suitable places for adding emotional healing street furniture in the background of urban micro-renewal and combined the fifteen-minute living circle, the leftover space, and urban acupuncture theories, then used the 5W analysis method to show the main characteristics of emotionally healing street furniture. Finally, the research discovers four design strategies, which can be summarized as: A. Exploring the renewal potential of the leftover space; B. Integrating with local culture and the surrounding environment; C. Discovering quick and straightforward ways of interaction; D. Finding a delicate balance between artistry and functionality. Then, the author takes one emotional healing street furniture located on Chifeng Road as an example to show the design strategies vividly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20healing" title="emotional healing">emotional healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20furniture" title=" street furniture"> street furniture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20micro-renewal" title=" urban micro-renewal"> urban micro-renewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20acupuncture" title=" urban acupuncture"> urban acupuncture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142083/research-on-emotional-healing-street-furniture-under-the-background-of-urban-micro-renewal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Difference Between Planning Target Volume (PTV) Based Slow-Ct and Internal Target Volume (ITV) Based 4DCT Imaging Techniques in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhumita%20Sahu">Madhumita Sahu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Tiwary"> S. S. Tiwary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Radiotherapy of Carcinoma Lung has always been difficult and a matter of great concern. The significant movement due to fractional motion caused due to non-rhythmic respiratory motion poses a great challenge for the treatment of Lung cancer using Ionizing Radiation. The present study compares the accuracy in the measurement of Target Volume using Slow-CT and 4DCT Imaging in SBRT for Lung Tumor. The experimental samples were extracted from patients with Lung Cancer who underwent SBRT. Slow-CT and 4DCT images were acquired under free breathing for each patient. PTV were delineated on Slow CT images. Similarly, ITV was also delineated on each of the 4DCT volumes. Volumetric and Statistical analysis were performed for each patient by measuring corresponding PTV and ITV volumes. The study showed (1) The Maximum Deviation observed between Slow-CT-based PTV and 4DCT imaging-based ITV is 248.58 cc. (2) The Minimum Deviation observed between Slow-CT-based PTV and 4DCT imaging-based ITV is 5.22 cc. (3) The Mean Deviation observed between Slow-CT-based PTV and 4DCT imaging-based ITV is 63.21 cc. The present study concludes that irradiated volume ITV with 4DCT is less as compared to the PTV with Slow-CT. A better and more precise treatment could be given more accurately with 4DCT Imaging by sparing 63.21 CC of mean body volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20imaging" title="CT imaging">CT imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4DCT%20imaging" title=" 4DCT imaging"> 4DCT imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191158/difference-between-planning-target-volume-ptv-based-slow-ct-and-internal-target-volume-itv-based-4dct-imaging-techniques-in-stereotactic-body-radiotherapy-for-lung-cancer-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Tranexamic Acid in Orthopedic Surgery in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Amanzoui">K. Amanzoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Erragh"> A. Erragh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Elharit"> M. Elharit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Afif"> A. Afif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Elfakhr"> K. Elfakhr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kalouch"> S. Kalouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chlilek"> A. Chlilek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthopedic surgery is a provider of pre and postoperative bleeding; patients are exposed to several risks, and different measures are proposed to reduce bleeding during surgery, called the transfusion-sparing method, including tranexamic acid, which has shown its effectiveness in numerous studies. A prospective analytical study in 50 children was carried out in the orthopedic traumatology operating room of the EL HAROUCHI hospital of the CHU IBN ROCHD in Casablanca over a period of six months (April to October 2022). Two groups were randomized: one receiving tranexamic acid (Group A) and a non-receiving control group (Group B). The average age was 10.3 years, of which 58.8% were female. The first type of surgery was thoracolumbar scoliosis (52%). The average preoperative hemoglobin was 12.28 g/dl in group A, against 12.67 g/dl in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.148). Mean intraoperative bleeding was 396.29 ml in group A versus 412 ml in the control group. No significant difference was observed for this parameter (p=0.632). The average hemoglobin level in the immediate postoperative period in our patients is 10.2 g/dl. In group A, it was 10.95 g/dl versus 10.93 g/dl in group B. At H24 postoperative, the mean hemoglobin value was 10.29 g/dl in group A against 9.5 g/dl in group B. For group A, the blood loss recorded during the first 24 hours was 209.43 ml, against 372 ml in group B, with a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.001). There is no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the use of fillers, ephedrine or intraoperative transfusion. While for postoperative transfusion, we note the existence of a statistically significant difference between group A and group B. It is suggested that the use of tranexamic acid is an effective, simple, and low-cost way to limit postoperative blood loss and the need for transfusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tranexamic%20acid" title="tranexamic acid">tranexamic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20loss" title=" blood loss"> blood loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthopedic%20surgery" title=" orthopedic surgery"> orthopedic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162335/tranexamic-acid-in-orthopedic-surgery-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Impact of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Protocols on Anesthesia Management in High-Risk Surgical Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebar%20Mohammed%20Hussein">Rebar Mohammed Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have transformed perioperative care, aiming to reduce surgical stress, optimize pain management, and accelerate recovery. This study evaluates the impact of ERAS on anesthesia management in high-risk surgical patients, focusing on opioid-sparing techniques and multimodal analgesia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing major surgeries within an ERAS program, comparing outcomes with a historical cohort receiving standard care. Key metrics included postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, length of hospital stay, and complication rates. Results indicated that the implementation of ERAS protocols significantly reduced postoperative opioid use by 40% and improved pain management outcomes, with 70% of patients reporting satisfactory pain control on postoperative day one. Additionally, patients in the ERAS group experienced a 30% reduction in length of stay and a 20% decrease in complication rates. These findings underscore the importance of integrating ERAS principles into anesthesia practice, particularly for high-risk patients, to enhance recovery, improve patient satisfaction, and reduce healthcare costs. Future directions include prospective studies to further refine anesthesia techniques within ERAS frameworks and explore their applicability across various surgical specialties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERAS%20protocols" title="ERAS protocols">ERAS protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20surgical%20patients" title=" high-risk surgical patients"> high-risk surgical patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anesthesia%20management" title=" anesthesia management"> anesthesia management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery" title=" recovery"> recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191856/the-impact-of-enhanced-recovery-after-surgery-eras-protocols-on-anesthesia-management-in-high-risk-surgical-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> A Case Report of Aberrant Vascular Anatomy of the Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Flap</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karissa%20Graham">Karissa Graham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Campbell-Lloyd"> Andrew Campbell-Lloyd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap (DIEP) is used to reconstruct large volumes of tissue. The DIEP flap is based on the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) and vein. Accurate knowledge of the anatomy of these vessels allows for efficient dissection of the flap, minimal damage to surrounding tissue, and a well vascularized flap. A 54 year old lady was assessed for bilateral delayed autologous reconstruction with DIEP free flaps. The right DIEA was consistent with the described anatomy. The left DIEA had a vessel branching shortly after leaving the external iliac artery and before entering the muscle. This independent branch entered the muscle and had a long intramuscular course to the largest perforator. The main DIEA vessel demonstrated a type II branching pattern but had perforators that were too small to have a viable DIEP flap. There were no communicating arterial branches between the independent vessel and DIEA, however, there was one venous communication between them. A muscle sparing transverse rectus abdominis muscle flap was raised using the main periumbilical perforator from the independent vessel. Our case report demonstrated an unreported anatomical variant of the DIEA. A few anatomical variants have been described in the literature, including a unilateral absent DIEA and peritoneal-cutaneous perforators that had no connection to the DIEA. Doing a pre-operative CTA helps to identify these rare anatomical variations, which leads to safer, more efficient, and effective operating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aberrant%20anatomy" title="aberrant anatomy">aberrant anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20angiography" title=" CT angiography"> CT angiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DIEP%20anatomy" title=" DIEP anatomy"> DIEP anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20flap" title=" free flap"> free flap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148765/a-case-report-of-aberrant-vascular-anatomy-of-the-deep-inferior-epigastric-artery-flap" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Jelly and Beans: Appropriate Use of Ultrasound in Acute Kidney Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Ezman%20Raja%20Shariff">Raja Ezman Raja Shariff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly seen in inpatients, and places a great cost on the NHS and patients. Timely and appropriate management is both nephron sparing and potentially life-saving. Ultrasound scanning (USS) is a well-recognised method for stratifying patients. Subsequently, the NICE AKI guidance has defined groups in whom scanning is recommended within 6 hours of request (pyonephrosis), within 24 hours (obstruction/cause unknown), and in whom routine scanning isn't recommended (cause for AKI identified). The audit looks into whether Stockport NHS Trust USS practice was in line with such recommendations. The audit evaluated 92 patients with AKI who had USS, between 01/01/14 to 30/04/14. Data collection was divided into 2 parts. Firstly, radiology request cards and the online imaging software (PACS) were evaluated. Then, the electronic case notes (ADVANTIS) was evaluated further. Based on request cards, 10% of requests were for pyonephrosis. Only 33% were scanned within 6hours and a further 33% within 24hours. 75% were requested for possible obstructions and unknown cause collectively. Of those due to possible obstruction, 71% of patients were scanned within 24 hours. Of those with unknown cause, 50% were scanned within 24 hours. 15% of requests had a cause declared and so potentially did not require scanning. Evaluation of the patients’ notes suggested further interesting findings. Firstly, potentially 39% of patients had a known cause for AKI, therefore, did not need USS. Subsequently, the cohort of unknown cause and possible obstruction was collectively reduced to 45%. Alarmingly the patient cohort with possible pyonephrosis went up to 16%, suggesting an under-recognition of this life-threatening condition. We plan to highlight these findings within our institution and make changes to encourage more appropriate requesting and timely scanning. Time will tell if we manage to save or increase our costs in this cost-conscious NHS. Patient benefits, though, seem to be guaranteed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AKI" title="AKI">AKI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARF" title=" ARF"> ARF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney" title=" kidney"> kidney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal" title=" renal"> renal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22597/jelly-and-beans-appropriate-use-of-ultrasound-in-acute-kidney-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Emerging Therapeutic Approach with Dandelion Phytochemicals in Breast Cancer Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Champion">Angel Champion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Kanwal"> Sadia Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafat%20Siddiqui"> Rafat Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Harnessing phytochemicals from plant sources presents a novel opportunity to prevent or treat malignant diseases, including breast cancer. Chemotherapy lacks precision in targeting cancerous cells while sparing normal cells, but a phytopharmaceutical approach may offer a solution. Dandelion, a common weed plant, is rich in phytochemicals and provides a safer, more cost-effective alternative with lower toxicity than traditional pharmaceuticals for conditions such as breast cancer. In this study, an in-vitro experiment will be conducted using the ethanol extract of Dandelion on triple-negative MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines. The polyphenolic analysis revealed that the Dandelion extract, particularly from the root and leaf (both cut and sifted), had the most potent antioxidant properties and exhibited the most potent antioxidation activity from the powdered leaf extract. The extract exhibits prospective promising effects for inducing cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells, highlighting its potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Standardizing methods for Dandelion use is crucial for future clinical applications in cancer treatment. Combining plant-derived compounds with cancer nanotechnology holds the potential for effective strategies in battling malignant diseases. Utilizing liposomes as carriers for phytoconstituent anti-cancer agents offers improved solubility, bioavailability, immunoregulatory effects, advancing anticancer immune function, and reducing toxicity. This integrated approach of natural products and nanotechnology has significant potential to revolutionize healthcare globally, especially in underserved communities where herbal medicine is prevalent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20nanotechnology" title=" cancer nanotechnology"> cancer nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytopharmaceutical" title=" phytopharmaceutical"> phytopharmaceutical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184862/emerging-therapeutic-approach-with-dandelion-phytochemicals-in-breast-cancer-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuromodulation as an Alternative to Opioids in the Evolving Healthcare Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20J.%20Carinci">Adam J. Carinci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The opioid epidemic is the most pressing healthcare crisis of our time. There is increasing recognition that opioids have limited long-term efficacy and are associated with hyperalgesia, addiction, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, alternative strategies to combat chronic pain are paramount. We initiated a multicenter retrospective case series to review the efficacy of DRG stimulation in facilitating opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and as a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. Purpose: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of pain. Recent innovations in neuromodulation, specifically, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, offers an effective alternative to opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. This retrospective case series demonstrates preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and presents a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. Procedure: This small multicenter retrospective case series provides preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid weaning, opioid tapering and is a viable option to opioid therapy in the treatment of chronic pain. A retrospective analysis was completed. Visual analog scale pain scores and pain medication usage were collected at the baseline visit and after four weeks, 3 months and 6 months of treatment. Ten consecutive patients across two study centers were included. The pain was rated 7.38 at baseline and decreased to 1.50 at the 4-week follow-up, a reduction of 79.5%. All patients significantly decreased their opioid pain medication use with an average > 30% reduction in morphine equivalents and four were able to discontinue their medications entirely. Conclusion: This Retrospective case series demonstrates preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and presents a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dorsal%20root%20ganglion" title="dorsal root ganglion">dorsal root ganglion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromodulation" title=" neuromodulation"> neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid%20sparing" title=" opioid sparing"> opioid sparing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulation" title=" stimulation"> stimulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104657/dorsal-root-ganglion-neuromodulation-as-an-alternative-to-opioids-in-the-evolving-healthcare-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Regional Anesthesia: A Vantage Point for Management of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunal%20K.%20S.">Kunal K. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shwetashri%20K.%20R."> Shwetashri K. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keerthan%20G."> Keerthan G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajinkya%20R."> Ajinkya R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a condition caused by abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain resulting in enlarged cerebral ventricles due to a disruption of CSF formation, absorption, or flow. Over the course of time, ventriculoperitoneal shunt under general anesthesia has become a standard of care. Yet only a finite number of centers have started the inclusion of regional anesthesia techniques for the such patient cohort. Stem Case: We report a case of a 75-year-old male with underlying aortic sclerosis and cardiomyopathy who presented with complaints of confusion, forgetfulness, and difficulty in walking. Neuro-imaging studies revealed disproportionally enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH). The baseline blood pressure was 116/67 mmHg with a heart rate of 106 beats/min and SpO2 of 96% on room air. The patient underwent smooth induction followed by sonographically guided superficial cervical plexus block and transverse abdominis plane block. Intraoperative pain indices were monitored with Analgesia nociceptive index monitor (ANI, MdolorisTM) and surgical plethysmographic index (SPI, GE Healthcare, Helsinki, FinlandTM). These remained stable during the application of the block and the entire surgical duration. No significant hemodynamic response was observed during the tunneling of the skin by the surgeon. The patient underwent a smooth recovery and emergence. Conclusion: Our decision to incorporate peripheral nerve blockade in conjunction with general anesthesia resulted in opioid-sparing anesthesia and decreased post-operative analgesic requirement by the patient. This blockade was successful in suppressing intraoperative stress responses. Our patient recovered adequately and underwent an uncomplicated post-operative stay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desh" title="desh">desh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPH" title=" NPH"> NPH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VP%20shunt" title=" VP shunt"> VP shunt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20plexus%20block" title=" cervical plexus block"> cervical plexus block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transversus%20abdominis%20plane%20block" title=" transversus abdominis plane block"> transversus abdominis plane block</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162216/regional-anesthesia-a-vantage-point-for-management-of-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Borderline Ovarian Tumor: Management of Recurrence After Conservative Surgical Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghorbeli%20Eya">Ghorbeli Eya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naija%20Lamia"> Naija Lamia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khessairi%20Nayssem"> Khessairi Nayssem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saadallah%20Fatma"> Saadallah Fatma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slimane%20Maher"> Slimane Maher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Ben%20Dhiab"> Tarek Ben Dhiab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> INTRODUCTION: Borderline ovarian tumors account for 15 to 20% of ovarian tumors. Prognostic factors of recurrence include the stage of the disease, presence of peritoneal implants, micropapillary pattern, microinvasion and intra-epithelial carcinoma. Fertility sparing constitutes a major therapeutic issue in young patients that leads to conservative surgical treatment in specific cases. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study including patients treated at the Salah Azaiez Institute for Borderline Ovarian Tumor who underwent conservative surgical treatment from 2003 to 2018. RESULTS: Nine patients were included in our study. The median age was 33 years. Three patients were nulliparous. Given the age, conservative treatment was indicated in all these patients. Cystectomy without ovariectomy was indicated in 5 of the 9 women, which was within the margin of tumor resection on definitive anatomopathic examination in 3 of the 5 women. In contrast, given the impossibility of ovarian conservation, total annexectomy was carried out in 4 of all these women. All of the patients were followed regularly postoperatively; three had a carcinomatous transformation as an ovarian adenocarcinoma at an average interval of 18 months. Among these three patients, a single one presented intra-peritoneal metastases, requiring radical surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy with 6 cures of Carbo-Taxol, with a good tolerance and a complete response. Moreover, one patient had a recurrence on the contralateral ovary as a Borderline mucinous ovarian tumor. For the remaining four women, after a median follow-up of 35 months, one patient fell spontaneously pregnant during follow-up, and three patients were in complete remission at 16 months. CONCLUSION: Borderline tumors of the ovary usually occur in young patients, which makes conservative treatment advisable if possible, but this always comes with a risk of recurrence and/or carcinomatous transformation, especially if the conservative surgical procedure was a cystectomy instead of a total annexectomy, and even more so if the resection margins were tumoral. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20tumor" title="ovarian tumor">ovarian tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservative%20treatment" title=" conservative treatment"> conservative treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20management" title=" surgical management"> surgical management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borderline%20ovarian%20tumor" title=" borderline ovarian tumor"> borderline ovarian tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrence%20management" title=" recurrence management"> recurrence management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190122/borderline-ovarian-tumor-management-of-recurrence-after-conservative-surgical-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Comparison of Regional and Local Indwelling Catheter Techniques to Prolong Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty Procedures: Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block and Continuous Periarticular Infiltration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jared%20Cheves">Jared Cheves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20DeChent"> Amanda DeChent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyce%20Pan"> Joyce Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Total knee replacements (TKAs) are one of the most common but painful surgical procedures performed in the United States. Currently, the gold standard for postoperative pain management is the utilization of opioids. However, in the wake of the opioid epidemic, the healthcare system is attempting to reduce opioid consumption by trialing innovative opioid sparing analgesic techniques such as continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNB) and continuous periarticular infiltration (CPAI). The alleviation of pain, particularly during the first 72 hours postoperatively, is of utmost importance due to its association with delayed recovery, impaired rehabilitation, immunosuppression, the development of chronic pain, the development of rebound pain, and decreased patient satisfaction. While both CPNB and CPAI are being used today, there is limited evidence comparing the two to the current standard of care or to each other. An extensive literature review was performed to explore the safety profiles and effectiveness of CPNB and CPAI in reducing reported pain scores and decreasing opioid consumption. The literature revealed the usage of CPNB contributed to lower pain scores and decreased opioid use when compared to opioid-only control groups. Additionally, CPAI did not improve pain scores or decrease opioid consumption when combined with a multimodal analgesic (MMA) regimen. When comparing CPNB and CPAI to each other, neither unanimously lowered pain scores to a greater degree, but the literature indicates that CPNB decreased opioid consumption more than CPAI. More research is needed to further cement the efficacy of CPNB and CPAI as standard components of MMA in TKA procedures. In addition, future research can also focus on novel catheter-free applications to reduce the complications of continuous catheter analgesics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20knee%20arthroplasty" title="total knee arthroplasty">total knee arthroplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20peripheral%20nerve%20blocks" title=" continuous peripheral nerve blocks"> continuous peripheral nerve blocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20periarticular%20infiltration" title=" continuous periarticular infiltration"> continuous periarticular infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid" title=" opioid"> opioid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20analgesia" title=" multimodal analgesia"> multimodal analgesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159325/comparison-of-regional-and-local-indwelling-catheter-techniques-to-prolong-analgesia-in-total-knee-arthroplasty-procedures-continuous-peripheral-nerve-block-and-continuous-periarticular-infiltration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Proteomic Evaluation of Sex Differences in the Plasma of Non-human Primates Exposed to Ionizing Radiation for Biomarker Discovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Williams">Christina Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehari%20Weldemariam"> Mehari Weldemariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann%20M.%20Farese"> Ann M. Farese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20J.%20MacVittie"> Thomas J. MacVittie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maureen%20A.%20Kane"> Maureen A. Kane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiation exposure results in dose-dependent and time-dependent multi-organ damage. Drug development of medical countermeasures (MCM) for radiation-induced injury occurs under the FDA Animal Rule because human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible. The FDA Animal Rule requires the representation of both sexes and describes several uses for biomarkers in MCM drug development studies. Currently, MCMs are limited and there is no FDA-approved biomarker for any radiation injury. Sex as a variable is essential to identifying biomarkers and developing effective MCMs for acute radiation exposure (ARS) and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). These studies aim to address the death of information on sex differences that have not been determined by studies that included only male, single-sex cohorts. Studies have reported differences in radiosensitivity according to sex. As such, biomarker discovery for radiation-induced damage must consider sex as a variable. This study evaluated the plasma proteomic profile of Rhesus macaque non-human primates after different exposures and doses, as well as time points after radiation. Exposures and doses included total body irradiation between 5-7.5 Gy and partial body irradiation with 5% bone marrow sparing at 9, 9.5 and 10 Gy. Timepoints after irradiation included days 1, 3, 60, and 180, which encompassed both acute radiation syndromes and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. Bottom-up proteomic analyses of plasma included equal numbers of males and females. In the control animals, few proteomic differences are observed between the sexes. In the irradiated animals, there are a few sex differences, with changes mostly consisting of proteins upregulated in the female animals. Multiple canonical pathways were upregulated in irradiated animals relative to the control animals when subjected to pathway analysis, but differential responses between the sexes are limited. These data provide critical baseline differences according to sex and establish sex differences in non-human primate models relevant to drug development of MCM under the FDA Animal Rule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionizing%20radiation" title="ionizing radiation">ionizing radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20differences" title=" sex differences"> sex differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20proteomics" title=" plasma proteomics"> plasma proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker%20discovery" title=" biomarker discovery"> biomarker discovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171393/proteomic-evaluation-of-sex-differences-in-the-plasma-of-non-human-primates-exposed-to-ionizing-radiation-for-biomarker-discovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Potential of High Performance Ring Spinning Based on Superconducting Magnetic Bearing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hossain">M. Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdkader"> A. Abdkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Cherif"> C. Cherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Berger"> A. Berger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sparing"> M. Sparing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20H%C3%BChne"> R. Hühne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Schultz"> L. Schultz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Nielsch"> K. Nielsch </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the best quality of yarn and the flexibility of the machine, the ring spinning process is the most widely used spinning method for short staple yarn production. However, the productivity of these machines is still much lower in comparison to other spinning systems such as rotor or air-jet spinning process. The main reason for this limitation lies on the twisting mechanism of the ring spinning process. In the ring/traveler twisting system, each rotation of the traveler along with the ring inserts twist in the yarn. The rotation of the traveler at higher speed includes strong frictional forces, which in turn generates heat. Different ring/traveler systems concerning with its geometries, material combinations and coatings have already been implemented to solve the frictional problem. However, such developments can neither completely solve the frictional problem nor increase the productivity. The friction free superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) system can be a right alternative replacing the existing ring/traveler system. The unique concept of SMB bearings is that they possess a self-stabilizing behavior, i.e. they remain fully passive without any necessity for expensive position sensing and control. Within the framework of a research project funded by German research foundation (DFG), suitable concepts of the SMB-system have been designed, developed, and integrated as a twisting device of ring spinning replacing the existing ring/traveler system. With the help of the developed mathematical model and experimental investigation, the physical limitations of this innovative twisting device in the spinning process have been determined. The interaction among the parameters of the spinning process and the superconducting twisting element has been further evaluated, which derives the concrete information regarding the new spinning process. Moreover, the influence of the implemented SMB twisting system on the yarn quality has been analyzed with respect to different process parameters. The presented work reveals the enormous potential of the innovative twisting mechanism, so that the productivity of the ring spinning process especially in case of thermoplastic materials can be at least doubled for the first time in a hundred years. The SMB ring spinning tester has also been presented in the international fair “International Textile Machinery Association (ITMA) 2015”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ring%20spinning" title="ring spinning">ring spinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting%20magnetic%20bearing" title=" superconducting magnetic bearing"> superconducting magnetic bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yarn%20properties" title=" yarn properties"> yarn properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77595/potential-of-high-performance-ring-spinning-based-on-superconducting-magnetic-bearing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Posterior Thigh Compartment Syndrome Associated with Hamstring Avulsion and Antiplatelet Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Gatti">Andrea Gatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Coppotelli"> Federica Coppotelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%20Primavera"> Ma Primavera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Palmieri"> Laura Palmieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umberto%20Tarantino"> Umberto Tarantino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of study: Scientific literature is scarce of studies and reviews valuing the pros and cons of the paratricipital approach for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures; the lateral paratricipital approach is a valid alternative to the classical posterior approach to the humeral shaft as it preserves both the triceps muscle and the elbow extensor mechanisms; based on our experience, this retrospective analysis aims at analyzing outcome, risks and benefits of the lateral paratricipital approach for humeral shaft fractures. Methods: Our study includes 14 patients treated between 2018 and 2019 for unilateral humeral shaft fractures: 13 with a B1 or B2 and a patient with a C fracture type (according to the AO/ATO Classification); 6 of our patients identified as male while 8 as female; age average was 57.8 years old (range 21-73 years old). A lateral paratricipital approach was performed on all 14 patients, sparing the triceps muscle by avoiding the olecranon osteotomy and by assessing the integrity and the preservation of the radial nerve; the humeral shaft fracture osteosynthesis was performed by means of plates and screws. After surgery all patients have started elbow functional rehabilitation with acceptable pain management. Post-operative follow-up has been carried out by assessing radiographs, MEPS (Mayo Elbow Performance Score) and DASH (Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand) functional assessment and ROM of the affected joint. Results: All 14 patients had an optimal post-operative follow-up with an adequate osteosynthesis and functional rehabilitations by entirely preserving the operated elbow joint; the mean elbow ROM was 0-118.6 degree (range of 0-130) while the average MEPS score was 86 (range75-100) and 79.9 for the DASH (range 21.7-86.1). Just 2 patients suffered of temporary radial nerve apraxia, healed in the subsequent follow-ups. CONCLUSION: The lateral paratricipital approach preserve both the integrity of the triceps muscle and the elbow biomechanism but we do strongly recommend additional studies to be carried out to highlight differences between it and the classical posterior approach in treating humeral shaft fractures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paratricepital%20approach" title="paratricepital approach">paratricepital approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humerus%20shaft%20fracture" title=" humerus shaft fracture"> humerus shaft fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posterior%20approach%20humeral%20shaft" title=" posterior approach humeral shaft"> posterior approach humeral shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paratricipital%20postero-lateral%20approach" title=" paratricipital postero-lateral approach "> paratricipital postero-lateral approach </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123570/posterior-thigh-compartment-syndrome-associated-with-hamstring-avulsion-and-antiplatelet-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Comparison of Effectiveness When Ketamine was Used as an Adjuvant in Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Used to Control Cancer Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donghee%20Kang">Donghee Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cancer pain is very difficult to control as the mechanism of pain is varied, and the patient has several co-morbidities. The use of Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA) can effectively control underlying pain and breakthrough pain. Ketamine is used in many pain patients due to its unique analgesic effect. In this study, it was checked whether there was a difference in the amount of analgesic usage, pain control degree, and side effects between patients who controlled pain with fentanyl-based IV-PCA and those who added Ketamine for pain control. Methods: Among the patients referred to this department for cancer pain, IV-PCA was applied to patients who were taking sufficient oral analgesics but could not control them or had blood clotting disorders that made the procedure difficult, and this patient group was targeted. In IV-PCA, 3000 mcg of Fentanyl, 160 mg of Nefopam, and 0.3 mg of Ramosetrone were mixed with normal saline to make a total volume of 100 ml. Group F used this IV-PCA as it is, and group K mixed 250 mg of Ketamine with normal saline to make a total volume of 100 ml. For IV-PCA, the basal rate was 0.5ml/h, the bolus was set to 1ml when pressed once, and the lockout time was set to 15 minutes. If pain was not controlled after IV-PCA application, 500 mcg of Fentanyl was added, and if excessive sedation or breathing difficulties occurred, the use was stopped for one hour. After that, the degree of daily pain control, analgesic usage, and side effects were investigated for seven days using this IV-PCA. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in the demographic data. Both groups had adequate pain control. Initial morphine milligram equivalents did not differ between the two groups, but the total amount of Fentanyl used for seven days was significantly different between the two groups [p=0.014], and group F used more Fentanyl through IV-PCA. In addition, the amount of sleeping pills used during the seven days was higher in Group F [p<0.01]. Overall, there was no difference in the frequency of side effects between the two groups, but the nausea was more frequent in Group F [p=0.031]. Discussion: When the two groups were compared, pain control was good in both groups. This seems to be because Fentanyl-based IV-PCA showed an adequate pain control effect. However, there was a significant difference in the total amount of opioid (Fentanyl) used, which is thought to be the opioid-sparing effect of Ketamine. Also, among the side effects, nausea was significantly less, which is thought to be possible because the amount of opioids used in the Ketamine group was small. The frequency of requesting sleeping pills was significantly less in the group using Ketamine, and it seems that Ketamine also helped improve sleep quality. In conclusion, using Ketamine with an opioid to control pain seems to have advantages. IV-PCA, which can be used effectively when other procedures are difficult, is more effective and safer when used together with Ketamine than opioids alone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20pain" title="cancer pain">cancer pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intravenous%20patient-controlled%20analgesia" title=" intravenous patient-controlled analgesia"> intravenous patient-controlled analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketamine" title=" Ketamine"> Ketamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid" title=" opioid"> opioid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159443/comparison-of-effectiveness-when-ketamine-was-used-as-an-adjuvant-in-intravenous-patient-controlled-analgesia-used-to-control-cancer-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Emerging Role of Cannabis as an Anti-Nociceptive Agent in the Treatment of Chronic Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josiah%20Damisa">Josiah Damisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Louise%20Richardson"> Michelle Louise Richardson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morenike%20Adewuyi"> Morenike Adewuyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lower back pain is a significant cause of disability worldwide and associated with great implications in terms of the well-being of affected individuals and society as a whole due to its undeniable socio-economic impact. With its prevalence on the increase as a result of an aging global population, the need for novel forms of pain management is ever paramount. This review aims to provide further insight into current research regarding a role for the endocannabinoid signaling pathway as a target in the treatment of chronic pain, with particular emphasis on its potential use as part of the treatment of lower back pain. Potential advantages and limitations of cannabis-based medicines over other forms of analgesia currently licensed for medical use are discussed in addition to areas that require ongoing consideration and research. To evaluate the efficacy of cannabis-based medicines in chronic pain, studies pertaining to the role of medical cannabis in chronic disease were reviewed. Standard searches of PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were undertaken with peer-reviewed journal articles reviewed based on the indication for pain management, cannabis treatment modality used and study outcomes. Multiple studies suggest an emerging role for cannabis-based medicines as therapeutic agents in the treatment of chronic back pain. A potential synergistic effect has also been purported if these medicines are co-administered with opiate analgesia due to the similarity of the opiate and endocannabinoid signaling pathways. However, whilst recent changes to legislation in the United Kingdom mean that cannabis is now licensed for medicinal use on NHS prescription for a number of chronic health conditions, concerns remain as to the efficacy and safety of cannabis-based medicines. Research is lacking into both their side effect profiles and the long-term effects of cannabis use. Legal and ethical considerations to the use of these products in standardized medical practice also persist due to the notoriety of cannabis as a drug of abuse. Despite this, cannabis is beginning to gain traction as an alternative or even complementary drug to opiates, with some preclinical studies showing opiate-sparing effects. Whilst there is a paucity of clinical trials in this field, there is scope for cannabinoids to be successful anti-nociceptive agents in managing chronic back pain. The ultimate aim would be to utilize cannabis-based medicines as alternative or complementary therapies, thereby reducing opiate over-reliance and providing hope to individuals who have exhausted all other forms of standard treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endocannabinoids" title="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis-based%20medicines" title=" cannabis-based medicines"> cannabis-based medicines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title=" chronic pain"> chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20back%20pain" title=" lower back pain"> lower back pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137554/the-emerging-role-of-cannabis-as-an-anti-nociceptive-agent-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Comparison Between Two Techniques (Extended Source to Surface Distance & Field Alignment) Of Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) In the Eclipse Treatment Planning System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naima%20Jannat">Naima Jannat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariful%20Islam"> Ariful Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharafat%20Hossain"> Sharafat Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the involvement of the large target volume, Craniospinal Irradiation makes it challenging to achieve a uniform dose, and it requires different isocenters. This isocentric junction needs to shift after every five fractions to overcome the possibility of hot and cold spots. This study aims to evaluate the Planning Target Volume coverage & sparing Organ at Risk between two techniques and shows that the Field Alignment Technique does not need replanning and resetting. Planning method for Craniospinal Irradiation by Eclipse treatment planning system Field Alignment and Extended Source to Surface Distance technique was developed where 36 Gy in 20 Fraction at the rate of 1.8 Gy was prescribed. The patient was immobilized in the prone position. In the Field Alignment technique, the plan consists of half beam blocked parallel opposed cranium and a single posterior cervicospine field was developed by sharing the same isocenter, which obviates divergence matching. Further, a single field was created to treat the remaining lumbosacral spine. Matching between the inferior diverging edge of the cervicospine field and the superior diverging edge of a lumbosacral field, the field alignment option was used, which automatically matches the field edge divergence as per the field alignment rule in Eclipse Treatment Planning System where the couch was set to 2700. In the Extended Source to Surface Distance technique, two parallel opposed fields were created for the cranium, and a single posterior cervicospine field was created where the Source to Surface Distance was from 120-140 cm. Dose Volume Histograms were obtained for each organ contoured and for each technique used. In all, the patient’s maximum dose to Planning Target Volume is higher for the Extended Source to Surface Distance technique to Field Alignment technique. The dose to all surrounding structures was increased with the use of a single Extended Source to Surface Distance when compared to the Field Alignment technique. The average mean dose to Eye, Brain Steam, Kidney, Oesophagus, Heart, Liver, Lung, and Ovaries were respectively (58% & 60 %), (103% & 98%), (13% & 15%), (10% & 63%), (12% & 16%), (33% & 30%), (14% & 18%), (69% & 61%) for Field Alignment and Extended Source to Surface Distance technique. However, the clinical target volume at the spine junction site received a less homogeneous dose with the Field Alignment technique as compared to Extended Source to Surface Distance. We conclude that, although the use of a single field Extended Source to Surface Distance delivered a more homogenous, but its maximum dose is higher than the Field Alignment technique. Also, a huge advantage of the Field Alignment technique for Craniospinal Irradiation is that it doesn’t need replanning and resetting up of patients after every five fractions and 95% prescribed dose was received by more than 95% of the Planning Target Volume in all the plane with the acceptable hot spot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craniospinalirradiation" title="craniospinalirradiation">craniospinalirradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cranium" title=" cranium"> cranium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervicospine" title=" cervicospine"> cervicospine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilize" title=" immobilize"> immobilize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20spine" title=" lumbosacral spine"> lumbosacral spine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165543/comparison-between-two-techniques-extended-source-to-surface-distance-field-alignment-of-craniospinal-irradiation-csi-in-the-eclipse-treatment-planning-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Growth and Bone Health in Children following Liver Transplantation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Alkhalil">Faris Alkhalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Bitar"> Rana Bitar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Azaz"> Amer Azaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20Natour"> Hisham Natour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noora%20Almeraikhi"> Noora Almeraikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Miqdady"> Mohamad Miqdady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Children with liver transplantation are achieving very good survival and so there is now a need to concentrate on achieving good health in these patients and preventing disease. Immunosuppressive medications have side effects that need to be monitored and if possible avoided. Glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors are detrimental to bone and mineral homeostasis in addition steroids can also affect linear growth. Steroid sparing regimes in renal transplant children has shown to improve children’s height. Aim: We aim to review the growth and bone health of children post liver transplant by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and assessing if there is a clear link between poor growth and impaired bone health and use of long term steroids. Subjects and Methods: This is a single centre retrospective Cohort study, we reviewed the medical notes of children (0-16 years) who underwent a liver transplantation between November 2000 to November 2016 and currently being followed at our centre. Results: 39 patients were identified (25 males and 14 females), the median transplant age was 2 years (range 9 months - 16 years), and the median follow up was 6 years. Four patients received a combined transplant, 2 kidney and liver transplant and 2 received a liver and small bowel transplant. The indications for transplant included, Biliary Atresia (31%), Acute Liver failure (18%), Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (15%), transplantable metabolic disease (10%), TPN related liver disease (8%), Primary Hyperoxaluria (5%), Hepatocellular carcinoma (3%) and other causes (10%). 36 patients (95%) were on a calcineurin inhibitor (34 patients were on Tacrolimus and 2 on Cyclosporin). The other three patients were on Sirolimus. Low dose long-term steroids was used in 21% of the patients. A considerable proportion of the patients had poor growth. 15% were below the 3rd centile for weight for age and 21% were below the 3rd centile for height for age. Most of our patients with poor growth were not on long term steroids. 49% of patients had a DEXA scan post transplantation. 21% of these children had low bone mineral density, one patient had met osteoporosis criteria with a vertebral fracture. Most of our patients with impaired bone health were not on long term steroids. 20% of the patients who did not undergo a DEXA scan developed long bone fractures and 50% of them were on long term steroid use which may suggest impaired bone health in these patients. Summary and Conclusion: The incidence of impaired bone health, although studied in limited number of patients; was high. Early recognition and treatment should be instituted to avoid fractures and improve bone health. Many of the patients were below the 3rd centile for weight and height however there was no clear relationship between steroid use and impaired bone health, reduced weight and reduced linear height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone" title="bone">bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric" title=" pediatric"> pediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transplantation" title=" transplantation"> transplantation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69277/growth-and-bone-health-in-children-following-liver-transplantation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Effect of Juvenile Hormone on Respiratory Metabolism during Non-Diapausing Sesamia cretica Wandering Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Abdel-Hakim">E. A. Abdel-Hakim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The corn stemborer Sesamia cretica (Lederer), has been viewed in many parts of the world as a major pest of cultivated maize, graminaceous crops and sugarcane. Its life cycle is comprised of two different phases, one is the growth and developmental phase (non-diapause) and the other is diapause phase which takes place at the last larval instar. Several problems associated with the use of conventional insecticides, have strongly demonstrated the need for applying alternative safe compounds. Prominent among the prototypes of such prospective chemicals are the juvenoids; i.e. the insect (JH) mimics. In fact, the hormonal effect on metabolism has long been viewed as a secondary consequence of its direct action on specific energy-requiring biosynthetic mechanisms. Therefore, the present study was undertaken essentially in a rather systematic fashion as a contribution towards clarifying metabolic and energetic changes taking place during non-diapause wandering larvae as regulated by (JH) mimic. For this purpose, we applied two different doses of JH mimic (Ro 11-0111) in a single (standard) dose of 100µg or in a single dose of 20 µg/g bw in1µl acetone topically at the onset of nondiapause wandering larvae (WL). Energetic data were obtained by indirect calorimetry methods by conversion of respiratory gas exchange volumetric data, as measured manometrically using a Warburg constant respirometer, to caloric units (g-cal/g fw/h). The findings obtained can be given in brief; these treated larvae underwent supernumerary larval moults. However, this potential the wandering larvae proved to possess whereby restoration of larval programming for S. cretica to overcome stresses even at this critical developmental period. The results obtained, particularly with the high dose used, show that 98% wandering larvae were rescued to survive up to one month (vs. 5 days for normal controls), finally the formation of larval-adult intermediates. Also, the solvent controls had resulted in about 22% additional, but stationary moultings. The basal respiratory metabolism (O2 uptake and CO2 output) of the (WL), whether un-treated or larvae not had followed reciprocal U-shaped curves all along of their developmental duration. The lowest points stood nearly to the day of prepupal formation (571±187 µl O2/gfw/h and 553±181 µl CO2/gfw/h) during un-treated in contrast to the larvae treated with JH (210±48 µl O2/gfw/h and 335±81 µl CO2/gfw/h). Un-treated (normal) larvae proved to utilize carbohydrates as the principal source for energy supply; being fully oxidised without sparing any appreciable amount for endergonic conversion to fats. While, the juvenoid-treated larvae and compared with the acetone-treated control equivalents, there existed no distinguishable differences between them; both had been observed utilising carbohydrates as the sole source of energy demand and converting endergonically almost similar percentages to fats. The overall profile, treated and un-treated (WL) utilized carbohydrates as the principal source for energy demand during this stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juvenile%20hormone" title="juvenile hormone">juvenile hormone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20metabolism" title=" respiratory metabolism"> respiratory metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sesamia%20cretica" title=" Sesamia cretica"> Sesamia cretica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wandering%20phase" title=" wandering phase"> wandering phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46917/effect-of-juvenile-hormone-on-respiratory-metabolism-during-non-diapausing-sesamia-cretica-wandering-larvae-lepidoptera-noctuidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Evaluating Therapeutic Efficacy of Intravesical Xenogeneic Urothelial Cell Treatment Alone and in Combination with Chemotherapy or Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Mouse Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Rong%20Shyr">Chih-Rong Shyr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Ping%20Huang"> Chi-Ping Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intravesical BCG is the gold-standard therapy for high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after TURBT, but if not responsive to BCG, these BCG unresponsive patients face cystectomy that causes morbidity and comes with a morality risk. To provide the bladder sparing options for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, several new treatments have been developed to salvage the bladders and prevent progression to muscle invasive or metastatic, but however, most approved or developed treatments still fail in a significant proportion of patients without long term success. Thus more treatment options and the combination of different therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to change the outcomes. Xenogeneic rejection has been proposed to a mechanism of action to induce anti-tumor immunity for the treatment of cancers due to the similarities between rejection mechanism to xenoantigens (proteins, glycans and lipids) and anti-tumor immunities to tumor specific antigens (neoantigens, tumor associated carbohydrates and lipids). Xenogeneic urothelial cells (XUC) of porcine origin have been shown to induce anti-tumor immune responses to inhibit bladder tumor progression in mouse bladder cancer models. To further demonstrate the efficacy of the distinct intravesical XUC treatment in NMIBC, and the combined effects with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a alternate therapeutic option, this study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of intravesical XUC immunotherapy in an orthotopic mouse immune competent model of NMIBC, generated from a mouse bladder cancer cell line. We found that the tumor progression was inhibited by intravescial XUC treatment and there was a synergy between intravesical XUC with intravesical chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine or systemic ICI, anti-PD1 antibody treatment. The cancer cell proliferation was decreased but the cell death was increased by the intravecisal XUC treatment. Most importantly, the mechanisms of action of intravesical XUC immunotherapy were found to be linked to enhanced infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell as well as NK cells, but decreased presence of myeloid immunosuppressive cells in XUC treated tumors. The increased stimulation of immune cells of XUC treated mice to xenogeneic urothelial cells and mouse bladder cancer cells in immune cell proliferation and cytokine secretion were observed both as a monotherapy and in combination with intravesical gemcitabine or systemic anti PD-L1 treatment. In sum, we identified the effects of intravesical XUC treatment in monotherapy and combined therapy on tumor progression and its cellular and molecular events related to immune activation to understand the anti-tumoral mechanisms behind intravesical XUC immunotherapy for NMIBC. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms behind successful xenogeneic cell immunotherapy against NMIBC and characterize a novel therapeutic approach with a new xenogeneic cell modality for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenoantigen" title="xenoantigen">xenoantigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoantigen" title=" neoantigen"> neoantigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rejection" title=" rejection"> rejection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunity" title=" immunity"> immunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194605/evaluating-therapeutic-efficacy-of-intravesical-xenogeneic-urothelial-cell-treatment-alone-and-in-combination-with-chemotherapy-or-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-a-mouse-non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sparing&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sparing&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a 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