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<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catherine Ivanovna of Russia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7" title="إيكاترينا إيفانوفنا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيكاترينا إيفانوفنا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterina_%C4%B0vanovna" title="Yekaterina İvanovna – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yekaterina İvanovna" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кацярына Іванаўна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кацярына Іванаўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Екатерина Ивановна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екатерина Ивановна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%C5%99ina_Ivanovna" title="Kateřina Ivanovna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kateřina Ivanovna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharina_Iwanowna" title="Katharina Iwanowna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katharina Iwanowna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%99%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αικατερίνη Ιβάνοβνα της Ρωσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αικατερίνη Ιβάνοβνα της Ρωσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_Iv%C3%A1novna_de_Rusia" title="Catalina Ivánovna de Rusia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catalina Ivánovna de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ivanovna_de_Russie_(1691-1733)" title="Catherine Ivanovna de Russie (1691-1733) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catherine Ivanovna de Russie (1691-1733)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterina_Ivanovna_Romanova" title="Caterina Ivanovna Romanova – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caterina Ivanovna Romanova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ეკატერინა იოანეს ასული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეკატერინა იოანეს ასული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katr%C4%ABna_Romanova_(lielk%C5%86aze)" title="Katrīna Romanova (lielkņaze) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Katrīna Romanova (lielkņaze)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ايكاترينا ايفانوفنا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايكاترينا ايفانوفنا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharina_Ivanovna_Romanov" title="Catharina Ivanovna Romanov – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Catharina Ivanovna Romanov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AB%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%83%8A" title="エカチェリーナ・イオアノヴナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エカチェリーナ・イオアノヴナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarzyna_Romanowa_(1691%E2%80%931733)" title="Katarzyna Romanowa (1691–1733) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katarzyna Romanowa (1691–1733)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catarina_Ivanovna_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Catarina Ivanovna da Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catarina Ivanovna da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecaterina_Ivanovna_a_Rusiei" title="Ecaterina Ivanovna a Rusiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecaterina Ivanovna a Rusiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Екатерина Иоанновна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Екатерина Иоанновна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Катарина Ивановна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Катарина Ивановна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_Ivanovna" title="Katarina Ivanovna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katarina Ivanovna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterina_%C4%B0vanovna" title="Yekaterina İvanovna – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yekaterina İvanovna" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Катерина Іванівна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Катерина Іванівна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Russia">Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tsarevna of Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Catherine Ivanovna</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Tsarevna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarevna of Russia">Tsarevna of Russia</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_Ivanovna,_Tsarevna_of_Russia_and_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Catherine_Ivanovna%2C_Tsarevna_of_Russia_and_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg/200px-Catherine_Ivanovna%2C_Tsarevna_of_Russia_and_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Catherine_Ivanovna%2C_Tsarevna_of_Russia_and_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg/300px-Catherine_Ivanovna%2C_Tsarevna_of_Russia_and_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Catherine_Ivanovna%2C_Tsarevna_of_Russia_and_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg/400px-Catherine_Ivanovna%2C_Tsarevna_of_Russia_and_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Mecklenburg" title="List of consorts of Mecklenburg"> Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">19 April 1716 – <span class="nowrap">14 June 1733</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1691-10-20</span>)</span>20 October 1691<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 June 1733<span style="display:none">(1733-06-14)</span> (aged 41)<br /><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Church_of_the_Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Leopold,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1716)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Leopoldovna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Catherine Ivanovna Romanova</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">Romanov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_V_of_Russia" title="Ivan V of Russia">Ivan V of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Praskovia_Saltykova" title="Praskovia Saltykova">Praskovia Saltykova</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia</b> (20 October 1691 – 14 June 1733) was a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_V_of_Russia" title="Ivan V of Russia">Ivan V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Praskovia_Saltykova" title="Praskovia Saltykova">Praskovia Saltykova</a>, eldest sister of Empress <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Anna of Russia</a> and niece of <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter the Great</a>. By her marriage, she was a Duchess of <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Schwerin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ivanovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catherine was born in Moscow and baptized at Chudov Monastery; her godparents were her uncle <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Tsar Peter I</a> and her great-aunt Princess Tatiana (daughter of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael I of Russia">Michael I</a>). She was the third of five daughters, but the early deaths of her older sisters Maria (on 23 February 1692, aged three) and Feodosia (on 22 May 1691, aged one) left her as the eldest child of her parents. Two more sisters were born later: <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Anna</a>, the future Russian Empress, and <a href="/wiki/Tsarevna_Praskovya_Ivanovna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarevna Praskovya Ivanovna of Russia">Praskovia</a> (14 October 1694 – 19 October 1731).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Catherine (reportedly the favorite child of her mother), spent her childhood in her mother's estate of <a href="/wiki/Izmaylovo_Estate" title="Izmaylovo Estate">Izmaylovo</a>, also the birthplace of her paternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Tsar Alexis</a>. Like her younger sisters, she received an occidental education: the study of German and French languages, dancing and etiquette. Her teachers were Johann-Dietrich Christopher Osterman (brother of the future Vice-Chancellor) and Frenchman Etienne Rambur. Of Ivan V's daughters, she seems to have been the most capable. In 1708 the family moved to the new capital, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ivanovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to contemporaries, Catherine was a short, dark-haired, and pale beauty and was a popular socialite with her charm and sociability.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the request of her uncle Peter I, she was married on 19 April 1716 in <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a> to <a href="/wiki/Karl_Leopold,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg">Karl Leopold</a>, Duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>. He had initially proposed to Catherine's sister Anna (then Dowager Duchess of Courland) but Peter I instead chose Catherine to be his bride. The marriage created a political alliance between Russia and <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a> against <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and was advantageous to Peter, as he wanted to use the port of Mecklenburg to harbour his <a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">fleet</a>. According to the marriage contract, the Duke agreed to his future wife keeping her Orthodox faith, and to pay her 6,000 thalers per year. Peter I would, in return, contribute to the Duke's attempts to conquer the town of <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a>. They had two daughters: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Leopoldovna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia">Elisabeth Catherine Christine</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a> on 18 December 1718), and one unnamed (who was either stillborn or died immediately after birth on 18 January 1722).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marriage was unhappy, as Karl Leopold <a href="/wiki/Spousal_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Spousal abuse">abused</a> Catherine. She returned to Russia in 1722 with her surviving daughter. The couple never <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorced</a>, but they never saw each other again.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_in_Russia">Later life in Russia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ivanovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life in Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the death of <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Russia" title="Peter II of Russia">Peter II</a> in 1730, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Privy_Council" title="Supreme Privy Council">Supreme Privy Council</a> considered Catherine as a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">tsardom</a> as the eldest daughter of Ivan V, but the fear that her spouse would gain influence in Russia and her own independent and capricious nature led to her widowed younger sister Anna, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" title="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia">Duchess of Courland</a>, being chosen instead, because she was considered more docile.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekaterina_Ioannovna%27s_grave,_Blagoveschenskaya_church_01_by_shakko.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ekaterina_Ioannovna%27s_grave%2C_Blagoveschenskaya_church_01_by_shakko.JPG/250px-Ekaterina_Ioannovna%27s_grave%2C_Blagoveschenskaya_church_01_by_shakko.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ekaterina_Ioannovna%27s_grave%2C_Blagoveschenskaya_church_01_by_shakko.JPG/500px-Ekaterina_Ioannovna%27s_grave%2C_Blagoveschenskaya_church_01_by_shakko.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2614" data-file-height="3636" /></a><figcaption>Catherine Ivanovna's Gravestone at Alexander Nevsky Lavra.</figcaption></figure> <p>Catherine was involved in the events of 7 March 1730, when a group of nobles (between 150 and 800, according to sources), among whom were many officers of the Guards, arrived at the palace and gave a petition to the Empress. In this petition they requested the re-examination of the form of government that would be pleasing to all the people. Anna hesitated, but Catherine reportedly forced the Empress to sign the petition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Catherine kept at her court one of the first Russian theaters, with serfs as actors. She secretly cohabited with the naval officer Prince Michail Andreevič Belosel'skij-Belozerskij who was exiled to the Urals three years after her death for engaging in "immodest talk" about the princess.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 May 1733, Catherine was present at her daughter's conversion to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> religion, where she received the name <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Leopoldovna" title="Anna Leopoldovna">Anna Leopoldovna</a></i>, in order to make her acceptable as an heiress to the throne. Catherine died one month later and was buried next to her mother in the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Church_of_the_Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Annunciation Church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra" title="Alexander Nevsky Lavra">Alexander Nevsky Lavra</a> monastery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ivanovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwperson.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/cgi-bin/l1/LANG=engl/INDEX=I57275"><i>Ekaterina Ivanovna Romanova</i> in: Genealogy Database by Herbert Stoyan</a> [retrieved 18 November 2014].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">И. В Курукин. Бирон (ЖЗЛ). Молодая гвардия, 2006, p. 215.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ivanovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Catherine Ivanovna of Russia</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Russia" title="Michael of Russia">Michael of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Alexis of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Eudoxia_Streshneva" title="Eudoxia Streshneva">Eudoxia Lukyanovna</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Ivan_V_of_Russia" title="Ivan V of Russia">Ivan V of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Miloslavsky" title="Ilya Miloslavsky">Ilya Danilovich Miloslavsky</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Miloslavskaya" title="Maria Miloslavskaya">Maria Ilyinichna</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">11. Catherine Feodorovna Narbekova</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Catherine Ivanovna of Russia</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">12. Peter Mikhailovich <a href="/wiki/Saltykov_family" title="Saltykov family">Saltykov</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">6. Feodor Petrovich Saltykov</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">13. Elena Vasilyevna <a href="/wiki/Golitsyn_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Golitsyn family">Golitsyna</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Praskovia_Saltykova" title="Praskovia Saltykova">Praskovia Feodorovna</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">14. Michael Ivanovich <a href="/wiki/Tatishchev_family" title="Tatishchev family">Tatishchev</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">7. Anna Mikhailovna Tatishcheva</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">15. Elizabeth Andreyevna Smirnova</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Ivanovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Catherine Ivanovna of Russia </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">House of Romanov</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 20 October 1691</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 14 June 1733</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/German_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="German monarchy">German royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Sophie Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel">Sophie Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Mecklenburg" title="List of consorts of Mecklenburg">Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> </b><br />19 April 1716–1728 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Gustave_Caroline_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Duchess Gustave Caroline of 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Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation (<a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Godunovs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_Borisovna_of_Russia" title="Xenia Borisovna of Russia">Xenia Borisovna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">Romanovs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irina_Mikhailovna_of_Russia" title="Irina Mikhailovna of Russia">Irina Mikhailovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Mikhailovna_of_Russia" title="Anna Mikhailovna of Russia">Anna Mikhailovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Mikhailovna_of_Russia" title="Tatyana Mikhailovna of Russia">Tatiana Mikhailovna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation (Romanovs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevdokia_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" title="Yevdokia Alekseyevna of Russia">Yevdokia Alekseyevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marfa_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" title="Marfa Alekseyevna of Russia">Marfa Alekseyevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" title="Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia">Sophia Alekseyevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" title="Catherine Alekseyevna of Russia">Ekaterina Alekseyevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" title="Maria Alekseyevna of Russia">Maria Alekseyevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosia_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" title="Feodosia Alekseyevna of Russia">Feodosia Alekseyevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarevna_Natalya_Alexeyevna_of_Russia" title="Tsarevna Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia">Natalia Alekseyevna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation (Romanovs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine Ivanovna, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Anna I Ivanovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praskovya_Ivanovna_of_Russia" title="Praskovya Ivanovna of Russia">Praskovya Ivanovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Petrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia">Anna Petrovna</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia" title="Elizabeth of Russia">Elizabeth I Petrovna</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Natalia_Petrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna of Russia">Natalia Petrovna</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>*raised to Grand Ducal rank in 1721</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334456#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata614" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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