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accumulation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: accumulation"> <meta name="keywords" content="accumulation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">905</span> Effect of Chilling Accumulation on Fruit Yield of Olive Trees in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20El-Sheikh">Mohamed H. El-Sheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20F.%20Zahran"> Hoda F. Zahran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is considered as a Mediterranean tree which belongs to genus Olea that may comprise about 35 species. In fact, the crop requires mild to cool winters with a chilling accumulation from November to February with average temperatures varying between two groups of accumulated chilling hours (h1) of less than 7.2 °C (C1) and other group (h2) of less than 10 °C (C2) for flower bud differentiation. This work aims at studying the impact of chilling accumulation hours on the fruit yield of olive trees in Borg El Arab City, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt as a case study. Trees were aged around 7 years in 2010 and were exposed to chilling accumulation hours of h1, which was average of 280 hours under C1, and average h2 was around 150 hours under C2 the resulted fruit yield was around 0.5 kg/tree. On the hand, trees were aged around 7 years at 2016 showed that when average of h1 was around 390 hours under C1 and average h2 was around 220 hours under C2 then fruit yield was around 10 kg/tree. Increasing of fruit yield proved chilling accumulation effect on olive trees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chilling%20accumulation" title="chilling accumulation">chilling accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20yield" title=" fruit yield"> fruit yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olea%20europaea" title=" Olea europaea"> Olea europaea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive" title=" olive"> olive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63113/effect-of-chilling-accumulation-on-fruit-yield-of-olive-trees-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">904</span> The Creation of a Yeast Model for 5-oxoproline Accumulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratiksha%20Dubey">Pratiksha Dubey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praveen%20Singh"> Praveen Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantanu%20Sen%20Gupta"> Shantanu Sen Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20K.%20Bachhawat"> Anand K. Bachhawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) is a cyclic lactam of glutamic acid. In the cell, it can be produced by several different pathways and is metabolized into glutamate with the help of the 5-oxoprolinase enzyme (OPLAH or OXP1). The inhibition of 5-oxoprolinase enzyme in mammals was found to result in heart failure and is thought to be a consequence of oxidative stress [1]. To analyze the consequences of 5-oxoproline accumulation more clearly, we are generating models for 5-oxoproline accumulation in yeast. The 5-oxoproline accumulation model in yeast is being developed by two different strategies. The first one is by overexpression of the mouse  -glutamylcyclotransferase enzyme. It degrades -glu-met dipeptide into 5-oxoproline and methionine taken by the cell from the medium. The second strategy is by providing high concentration of 5-oxoproline externally to the yeast cells. The intracellular 5-oxoproline levels in both models are being evaluated. In addition, the metabolic and cellular consequences are being investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-oxoproline" title="5-oxoproline">5-oxoproline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroglutamic%20acid" title=" pyroglutamic acid"> pyroglutamic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast" title=" yeast"> yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetics" title=" genetics"> genetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171881/the-creation-of-a-yeast-model-for-5-oxoproline-accumulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">903</span> Stability Evaluation on Accumulation Body of Reservoir Slope in Rumei Hydropower Station, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaofei%20Jiang">Yaofei Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liangqing%20Wang"> Liangqing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanjun%20Xu"> Yanjun Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, geological explorations have been carried out on the Rumei hydropower station, China. After preliminary analysis of results, the mainly problem of slope in reservoir area is about the stability of accumulation body. It is found that there are 23 accumulations in various sizes in the reservoir area, and most of them are unfavorable geological bodies. Three typical (No. 1, 7, 17) accumulation body slopes were selected as subjects to investigate the stability of the slopes. Take No. 1 accumulation body slope as an example and basic geological condition investigation and formation mechanism analysis were carried out to study the stability and geological analysis of engineering influence of the slope. The accumulation body in the research area distributes along the river with natural slope of 32° ~ 37° which is the natural angle of repose of gravel. The formation mechanism is analyzed based on the composition and structure of the accumulation body. The middle and lower part of the body is dense full of gravel soil mixed with a small amount of sand gravel which is stable. In the upper part, gravel soil is interbedded with bad cemented gravel which as a weak surface is not conducive to slope stability. Under the natural condition before storing water, the underground water level is deep buried, mainly distributed in the bedrock, and the surface and groundwater discharge conditions of the accumulation body are good, which is beneficial to the stability of slope. The safety coefficient calculated by the limit equilibrium method is 1.14, which indicates the slope is basically stable. However, the safety coefficient drops to 1.02 when the normal storage level is 2895m, which is in a dangerous state. The accumulation body will be destabilized by a small-area instability to large-scale or overall instability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation%20body%20slope" title="accumulation body slope">accumulation body slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20evaluation" title=" stability evaluation"> stability evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20engineering%20investigation" title=" geological engineering investigation"> geological engineering investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20of%20storing%20water" title=" effect of storing water"> effect of storing water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95475/stability-evaluation-on-accumulation-body-of-reservoir-slope-in-rumei-hydropower-station-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">902</span> Assets and Health: Examining the Asset-Building Theoretical Framework and Psychological Distress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Einav%20Srulovici">Einav Srulovici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Grinstein-Weiss"> Michal Grinstein-Weiss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Knafl"> George Knafl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20Beeber"> Linda Beeber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shawn%20Kneipp"> Shawn Kneipp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Mark"> Barbara Mark</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The asset-building theoretical framework (ABTF) is acknowledged as the most complete framework thus far for depicting the relationships between asset accumulation (the stock of a household’s saved resources available for future investment) and health outcomes. Although the ABTF takes into consideration the reciprocal relationship between asset accumulation and health, no ABTF based study has yet examined this relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the ABTF and psychological distress, focusing on the reciprocal relationship between assets accumulation and psychological distress. Methods: The study employed longitudinal data from 6,295 families from the 2001 and 2007 Panel Study of Income Dynamics data sets. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the reciprocal relationship between asset accumulation and psychological distress. Results: In general, the data displayed a good fit to the model. The longitudinal SEM found that asset accumulation significantly increased with a decreased in psychological distress over time, while psychological distress significantly increased with an increase in asset accumulation over time, confirming the existence of the hypothesized reciprocal relationship. Conclusions: Individuals who are less psychological distressed might have more energy to engage in activities, such as furthering their education or obtaining better jobs that are in turn associated with greater asset accumulation, while those who have greater assets may invest those assets in riskier investments, resulting in increased psychological distress. The confirmation of this reciprocal relationship highlights the importance of conducting longitudinal studies and testing the reciprocal relationship between asset accumulation and other health outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset-building%20theoretical%20framework" title="asset-building theoretical framework">asset-building theoretical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20distress" title=" psychological distress"> psychological distress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modeling" title=" structural equation modeling"> structural equation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reciprocal%20relationship" title=" reciprocal relationship "> reciprocal relationship </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47638/assets-and-health-examining-the-asset-building-theoretical-framework-and-psychological-distress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">901</span> Plastic Strain Accumulation Due to Asymmetric Cyclic Loading of Zircaloy-2 at 400°C</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Rajpurohit">R. S. Rajpurohit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20C.%20Santhi%20Srinivas"> N. C. Santhi Srinivas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vakil%20Singh"> Vakil Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Asymmetric stress cycling leads to accumulation of plastic strain which is called as ratcheting strain. The problem is generally associated with nuclear fuel cladding materials used in nuclear power plants and pressurized pipelines. In the present investigation, asymmetric stress controlled fatigue tests were conducted with three different parameters namely, mean stress, stress amplitude and stress rate (keeping two parameters constant and varying third parameter) to see the plastic strain accumulation and its effect on fatigue life and deformation behavior of Zircaloy-2 at 400°C. The tests were conducted with variable mean stress (45-70 MPa), stress amplitude (95-120 MPa) and stress rate (30-750 MPa/s) and tested specimens were characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that with the increase in mean stress and stress amplitude, the ratcheting strain accumulation increases with reduction in fatigue life. However, increase in stress rate leads to improvement in fatigue life of the material due to small ratcheting strain accumulation. Fractographs showed a decrease in area fraction of fatigue failed region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20cyclic%20loading" title="asymmetric cyclic loading">asymmetric cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratcheting%20fatigue" title=" ratcheting fatigue"> ratcheting fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20stress" title=" mean stress"> mean stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20amplitude" title=" stress amplitude"> stress amplitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20rate" title=" stress rate"> stress rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20strain" title=" plastic strain"> plastic strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70722/plastic-strain-accumulation-due-to-asymmetric-cyclic-loading-of-zircaloy-2-at-400c" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">900</span> Potato Production under Brakish Water and Compost Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samih%20Abubaker">Samih Abubaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Abuserhan"> Amjad Abuserhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghandi%20Anfoka"> Ghandi Anfoka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potato yield reduction and soil salt accumulation are the main obstacles of using brackish water in irrigation. This study was carried out at Al- Balqa` Applied University research station, to investigate the impact of compost use on potato production and salt accumulation in the soil under brackish water, during 2014 growing season. Whole tubers of three imported potato cultivars (Spunta, Faluka and Ammbetion) were planted in pots with different soil and compost percentages (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and were irrigated with three water salinity levels (1.25, 5 and 10 ds/cm). A split-split plot design was used, where potato cultivars were arranged in the main plots, the brackish water treatments were in the sub-main and the soil amended treatments were in the sub-sub plots. Potato yield was generally decreased only when pots were irrigated by water of 10 ds/cm salinity compared with 1.25 and 5 ds/cm. Drainage water salinity, however, was increased as compost percentage increased. Nevertheless, salt accumulation in the growing media was decreased as the compost percentage level increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that brackish water, up to 5 ds/cm can be used to irrigate potato especially, when organic amendments were added to the soil to promote plant growth, yield and reduce salt accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brackish%20water" title="brackish water">brackish water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title=" compost"> compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20accumulation" title=" salt accumulation "> salt accumulation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27857/potato-production-under-brakish-water-and-compost-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">899</span> Responses of Trifolium pratense to Lead Accumulation Under In-Vitro Culture Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Khorasani%20Esmaeili">Arash Khorasani Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosna%20Mat%20Taha"> Rosna Mat Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Mohajer"> Sadegh Mohajer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seeds of Trifolium pratense (Red clover) were exposed in vitro for 6 weeks to six levels of lead (Pb) concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 µM) to analyze the effects on growth, total chlorophyll and total protein contents of grown plants against the lead accumulation. The growth of plants was negatively affected by various levels of lead treatment. The fresh and dry weights, as well as lengths of shoots and roots of grown plants under various lead treatments, were found significantly lower in comparison with the control plants. Total chlorophyll and total soluble protein contents of grown plants under lower concentrations of lead treatment did not show significant differences when compared with the control plants, although they were affected significantly in higher levels of lead accumulation (150-250 µM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trifolium%20pratense" title="trifolium pratense">trifolium pratense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20accumulation" title=" lead accumulation"> lead accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll%20content" title=" chlorophyll content"> chlorophyll content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20content" title=" protein content"> protein content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32059/responses-of-trifolium-pratense-to-lead-accumulation-under-in-vitro-culture-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">898</span> Policy to Improve in vitro Fertilization Outcome in Women with Poor Ovarian Response: Frozen Embryo Transfer (ET) of Accumulated Vitrified Embryos vs. Frozen ET of Accumulated Vitrified Embryos plus Fresh ET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwang%20Kwon">Hwang Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To assess the efficacy of embryo transfer (ET) of accumulated vitrified embryos and compare pregnancy outcomes between ET of thawed embryos following accumulation of vitrified embryos (frozen ET) and ET of fresh and thawed frozen embryos following accumulation of vitrified embryos (fresh ET + frozen ET). Study design: Patients were poor ovarian responders defined according to the Bologna criteria as well as a subgroup of women whose previous IVF-ET cycle through controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) yielded one or no embryos. Sixty-four frozen ETs were performed following accumulation of vitrified embryos (ACCE )(ACCE Frozen) and 51 fresh + frozen ETs were performed following accumulation of vitrified embryos (ACCE Fresh + Frozen). Positive βhCG rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, and good quality embryos (%, ±SD) were compared between two groups. Results: There were more good quality embryos in the ACCE Fresh + Frozen group than in the ACCE Frozen group: 60±34.7 versus 42.9±28.9, respectively (p=0.03). Positive βhCG rate [18/64(28.2%) vs. 13/51(25.5%); p=0.75] and clinical pregnancy rate [12/64 (18.8%) vs. 11/51 (10.9%); p=0.71] were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: Accumulation of vitrified embryos is an effective method in patients with poor ovarian response who fulfill the Bologna criteria. Pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the two groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation%20of%20embryos" title="accumulation of embryos">accumulation of embryos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frozen%20embryo%20transfer" title=" frozen embryo transfer"> frozen embryo transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poor%20responder" title=" poor responder"> poor responder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bologna%20criteria" title=" Bologna criteria"> Bologna criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70796/policy-to-improve-in-vitro-fertilization-outcome-in-women-with-poor-ovarian-response-frozen-embryo-transfer-et-of-accumulated-vitrified-embryos-vs-frozen-et-of-accumulated-vitrified-embryos-plus-fresh-et" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">897</span> Actual and Perceived Financial Sophistication and Wealth Accumulation: The Role of Education and Gender</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20E.%20Bannier">Christina E. Bannier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milena%20Neubert"> Milena Neubert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the role of actual and perceived financial sophistication (i.e., financial literacy and confidence) for individuals’ wealth accumulation. Using survey data from the German SAVE initiative, we find strong gender- and education-related differences in the distribution of the two variables: Whereas financial literacy rises in formal education, confidence increases in education for men but decreases for women. As a consequence, highly-educated women become strongly underconfident, while men remain overconfident. We show that these differences influence wealth accumulation: The positive effect of financial literacy is stronger for women than for men and is increasing in women’s education but decreasing in men’s. For highly-educated men, however, overconfidence closes this gap by increasing wealth via stronger financial engagement. Interestingly, female underconfidence does not reduce current wealth levels though it weakens future-oriented financial engagement and may thus impair future wealth accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20literacy" title="financial literacy">financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20sophistication" title=" financial sophistication"> financial sophistication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence" title=" confidence"> confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wealth" title=" wealth"> wealth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20finance" title=" household finance"> household finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title=" behavioral finance"> behavioral finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20education" title=" formal education"> formal education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47004/actual-and-perceived-financial-sophistication-and-wealth-accumulation-the-role-of-education-and-gender" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">896</span> Accumulation of Phlorotannins in Abalone Haliotis discus Hannai after Feeding with Eisenia bicyclis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangoura%20Issa">Bangoura Issa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Young%20Kang"> Ji-Young Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20H.%20Chowdhury"> M. T. H. Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Eun%20Lee"> Ji-Eun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Ki%20Hong"> Yong-Ki Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigation was carried out for the production of value-added abalone Haliotis discus hannai containing bioactive phlorotannin by feeding phlorotannin-rich seaweed Eisenia bicyclis 2 weeks prior to harvesting. Accumulation of phlorotannins was proceded by feeding with E. bicyclis after 4 days of starvation. HPLC purification afforded two major phlorotannins. Mass spectrometry and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis clarified their structures to be as 7-phloroeckol and eckol. Throughout the feeding period of 20 days, 7-phloroeckolol was accumulated in the muscle (foot muscle tissue) up to 0.18±0.12 mg g-1 dry weight of tissue after 12 days. Eckol reached 0.21±0.03 mg g-1 dry weight of tissue after 18 days. By feeding Laminaria japonica as reference, abalone showed no detection of phlorotannins in the muscle tissue. Seaweed consumption and growth rate of abalone revealed almost similar when feed with E. bicyclis or L. japonicain 20 days. Phlorotannins reduction to half-maximal accumulation values took 1.0 day and 2.7 days for 7-phloroeckol and eckol respectively, after replacing the feed to L. japonica. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abalone" title="abalone">abalone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation" title=" accumulation"> accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eisenia%20bicyclis" title=" eisenia bicyclis"> eisenia bicyclis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phlorotannins" title=" phlorotannins"> phlorotannins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8850/accumulation-of-phlorotannins-in-abalone-haliotis-discus-hannai-after-feeding-with-eisenia-bicyclis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">895</span> Development of a Web Exploration Support System Focusing on Accumulation of Search Contexts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Yamazaki">T. Yamazaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Onuma"> R. Onuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kaminaga"> H. Kaminaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Miyadera"> Y. Miyadera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nakamura"> S. Nakamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Web exploration has increasingly diversified in accordance with the development of browsing environments on the Internet. Moreover, advanced exploration often conducted in intellectual activities such as surveys in research activities. This kind of exploration is conducted for a long period with trials and errors. In such a case, it is extremely important for a user to accumulate the search contexts and understand them. However, existing support systems were not effective enough since most systems could not handle the various factors involved in the exploration. This research aims to develop a novel system to support web exploration focusing on the accumulation of the search contexts. This paper mainly describes the outline of the system. An experiment using the system is also described. Finally, features of the system are discussed based on the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20exploration%20context" title="web exploration context">web exploration context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refinement%20of%20search%20intention" title=" refinement of search intention"> refinement of search intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation%20of%20context" title=" accumulation of context"> accumulation of context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploration%20support" title=" exploration support"> exploration support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20visualization" title=" information visualization"> information visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4213/development-of-a-web-exploration-support-system-focusing-on-accumulation-of-search-contexts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">894</span> Dust and Soling Accumulation Effect on Photovoltaic Systems in MENA Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Muslih">I. Muslih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alkhalailah"> A. Alkhalailah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Merdji"> A. Merdji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photovoltaic efficiency is highly affected by dust accumulation; the dust particles prevent direct solar radiation from reaching the panel surface; therefore a reduction in output power will occur. A study of dust and soiling accumulation effect on the output power of PV panels was conducted for different periods of time from May to October in three countries of the MENA region, Jordan, Egypt, and Algeria, under local weather conditions. This study leads to build a more realistic equation to estimate the power reduction as a function of time. This logarithmic function shows the high reduction in power in the first days with 10% reduction in output power compared to the reference system, where it reaches a steady state value after 60 days to reach a maximum value of 30%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20effect" title="dust effect">dust effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MENA" title=" MENA"> MENA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system" title=" PV system"> PV system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75157/dust-and-soling-accumulation-effect-on-photovoltaic-systems-in-mena-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">893</span> A Multi-Omic Assessment of Biomass and Pigment Accumulation in Nitrogen Deplete Conditions in Scenedesmus 46B-D3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galen%20Dennis">Galen Dennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Dahlin"> Lukas Dahlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Guarnieri"> Michael Guarnieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20Van%20Wychen"> Stefanie Van Wychen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shawn%20Starkenburg"> Shawn Starkenburg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Posewitz"> Matthew Posewitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Kruse"> Colin Kruse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scenedesmus 46B-D3 was identified in 2021 by screening a culture collection produced by the Posewitz lab at the Colorado School of Mines. The strain was found to continue accumulating biomass in a nitrogen-depleted state, which is a rare and technologically promising trait in microalgae. As the culture grows, a shift from nitrogen-replete to depleted conditions is indicated by arrested cell division and the accumulation of lipids, polysaccharides and photoprotective pigments. The latter trait gives stationary phase cultures a deep red color due to the presence of the high-value beta-ketocarotenoids, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. The combination of continued photosynthesis post-nitrogen depletion and the accumulation of valuable pigments makes S. 46B-D3 of interest from a fundamental and industrial perspective, respectively. This project reports the results of a multi-omic study examining changes in the proteome and transcriptome in nitrogen-replete and deplete conditions. In addition, it characterizes the pigment composition of S. 46B-D3 across its growth curve and the method of cell division within the strain. These results indicate that upon sensing nitrogen scarcity, S. 46B-D3 efficiently recycles and repurposes nitrogen away from cell division and towards energy storage through the accumulation of lipids and polysaccharides. The accumulation of photoprotective pigments also prevents damage to and serves as an additional carbon sink for the cell’s light system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigments" title="pigments">pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptomics" title=" transcriptomics"> transcriptomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195381/a-multi-omic-assessment-of-biomass-and-pigment-accumulation-in-nitrogen-deplete-conditions-in-scenedesmus-46b-d3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">892</span> Dust and Soling Accumulation Effect on Photovoltaic Systems in Middle East and North Africa Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyad%20Muslih">Iyad Muslih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzah%20Alkhalailah"> Azzah Alkhalailah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Merdji"> Ali Merdji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photovoltaic efficiency is highly affected by dust accumulation; the dust particles prevent direct solar radiation from reaching the panel surface; therefore a reduction in output power will occur. A study of dust and soiling accumulation effect on the output power of PV panels was conducted for different periods of time from May to October in three countries of the MENA region, Jordan, Egypt, and Algeria, under local weather conditions. This study leads to build a more realistic equation to estimate the power reduction as a function of time. This logarithmic function shows the high reduction in power in the first days with 10% reduction in output power compared to the reference system, where it reaches a steady state value after 60 days to reach a maximum value of 30%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title="solar energy">solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system" title=" PV system"> PV system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soiling" title=" soiling"> soiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MENA" title=" MENA"> MENA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74260/dust-and-soling-accumulation-effect-on-photovoltaic-systems-in-middle-east-and-north-africa-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">891</span> Hypothesis about the Origin of the Lighting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Kuzminov">Igor Kuzminov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Till now, the nature of lightning is not established. A hypothesis of the origin of lightning is proposed. The lightning charge is formed by electromagnetic induction. The role of the conductor is performed by the air mass of the cloud. This conductor moves in the Earth's magnetic field. The upper and lower edges of the cloud are the plates of the capacitor. Lightning is a special case of electromagnetic processes in an atmosphere. The category of lightning occurs in the process of accumulation of a charge. The process of accumulation goes constantly, but the charge is not fixed. Naturally, the hypothesis demands the carrying out of additional experiments and official acknowledgement. As the proof of a hypothesis can serve that the maximal lighting activity in an equatorial zone where cosφ it is close to 1. An experiment conducted privately showed that there is a potential difference in the atmosphere at different levels. The probability of applied value development of power installation is great. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20induction" title="electromagnetic induction">electromagnetic induction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Earth%27s%20magnetic%20field" title=" Earth's magnetic field"> Earth's magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plates%20of%20the%20capacitors" title=" plates of the capacitors"> plates of the capacitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20accumulation" title=" charge accumulation"> charge accumulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168478/hypothesis-about-the-origin-of-the-lighting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">890</span> Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Material Composition on Landslides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengqi%20Wu">Mengqi Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiping%20Zhu"> Haiping Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20J.%20Leo"> Chin J. Leo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, six experimental cases with different components (dry and wet soils and rocks) were considered to elucidate the influence of material composition on landslide profiles. The results show that the accumulation zone for all cases considered has a quadrilateral shape with two different bottom angles. The asymmetry of the accumulation zone can be attributed to the fact that soils in different parts of the landslide sliding can produce different speeds and suffer different resistances. The higher soil moisture can generate stronger cohesion between soils to reduce the volume of the sliding body during the landslide. The rock content can increase the accumulation angles to improve slope stability. The interaction between the irregular shapes of rocks and soils provides more resistance than that between spherical rocks and soils, which causes the slope with irregular rocks and soils to have higher stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title="landslide">landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture" title=" soil moisture"> soil moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20content" title=" rock content"> rock content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20simulation" title=" experimental simulation"> experimental simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167193/experimental-investigation-of-the-effect-of-material-composition-on-landslides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">889</span> Financial Planning Framework: A Perspective of Wealth Accumulation and Retirement Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanley%20Yap">Stanley Yap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahadevan%20Supramaniam"> Mahadevan Supramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20Wei%20Ying"> Chong Wei Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Kimiyaghalam"> Fatemeh Kimiyaghalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The paper shows the framework of financial planning in a different paradigm. It highlights the results from a focus group on retirement planning in the aspect of financial literacy and wealth accumulation in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: A focus group consisted of thirty individuals and divided into six different clusters amongst 25 to 55 years old. The selection of focus group members is pertaining to retirement planning behavior and saving profile from the different level of educations. Findings: Our results show, firstly, the focus group reflects individual capacity on saving attitude, financial literacy and awareness towards financial products. Secondly, availability, accessibility and affordability which are the significant factors that influence saving attitude, financial literacy and awareness on personal retirement planning behavior. Practical implications: The participants express the concerns of retirement planning during their golden years and the current financial products in the Malaysian financial market. Originality/value: This study is a different approach that recognizes the needs of the consumers in the context of retirement planning and wealth accumulation. Therefore, customers should obtain financial services and products from financial providers to achieve financial independence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retirement%20planning" title="retirement planning">retirement planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wealth%20accumulation" title=" wealth accumulation"> wealth accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20literacy" title=" financial literacy"> financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20group" title=" focus group"> focus group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saving%20attitude" title=" saving attitude"> saving attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title=" accessibility"> accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordability" title=" affordability"> affordability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79088/financial-planning-framework-a-perspective-of-wealth-accumulation-and-retirement-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">888</span> Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20V.%20Goncharova">Alla V. Goncharova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20A.%20Karpenyuk"> Tatyana A. Karpenyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yana%20S.%20Tsurkan"> Yana S. Tsurkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20U.%20Beisembaeva"> Rosa U. Beisembaeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Togzhan%20D.%20Mukasheva"> Togzhan D. Mukasheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20V.%20Ignatova"> Ludmila V. Ignatova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramza%20Z.%20Berzhanova"> Ramza Z. Berzhanova </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work the effect of culturing conditions of filamentous fungi Penicillium raistrickii, Penicillium anatolicum, Fusarium sp. on biomass yield, the content of total lipids and fatty acids was studied. It has been established that in time the process of lipids accumulation correlated with biomass growth of cultures, reaching maximum values in stationary growth phase. Biomass yield and accumulation of general lipids was increased by adding zinc to the culture medium. The more intensive accumulation of biomass and general lipids was observed at temperature 18°C. Lowering the temperature of culturing has changed the ratio of saturated: Unsaturated fatty acids in the direction of increasing the latter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culturing%20conditions" title=" culturing conditions"> culturing conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids%20%28FA%29" title=" fatty acids (FA)"> fatty acids (FA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20dynamics" title=" growth dynamics"> growth dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids" title=" lipids"> lipids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10193/influence-of-culturing-conditions-on-biomass-yield-total-lipid-and-fatty-acid-composition-of-some-filamentous-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">887</span> Approach for Demonstrating Reliability Targets for Rail Transport during Low Mileage Accumulation in the Field: Methodology and Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nipun%20Manirajan">Nipun Manirajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heeralal%20Gargama"> Heeralal Gargama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushil%20Guhe"> Sushil Guhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Prabhakaran"> Manoj Prabhakaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In railway industry, train sets are designed based on contractual requirements (mission profile), where reliability targets are measured in terms of mean distance between failures (MDBF). However, during the beginning of revenue services, trains do not achieve the designed mission profile distance (mileage) within the timeframe due to infrastructure constraints, scarcity of commuters or other operational challenges thereby not respecting the original design inputs. Since trains do not run sufficiently and do not achieve the designed mileage within the specified time, car builder has a risk of not achieving the contractual MDBF target. This paper proposes a constant failure rate based model to deal with the situations where mileage accumulation is not a part of the design mission profile. The model provides appropriate MDBF target to be demonstrated based on actual accumulated mileage. A case study of rolling stock running in the field is undertaken to analyze the failure data and MDBF target demonstration during low mileage accumulation. The results of case study prove that with the proposed method, reliability targets are achieved under low mileage accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20distance%20between%20failures" title="mean distance between failures">mean distance between failures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mileage-based%20reliability" title=" mileage-based reliability"> mileage-based reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20target%20appropriations" title=" reliability target appropriations"> reliability target appropriations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20stock%20reliability" title=" rolling stock reliability"> rolling stock reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93938/approach-for-demonstrating-reliability-targets-for-rail-transport-during-low-mileage-accumulation-in-the-field-methodology-and-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">886</span> Toxicological Effects of Heavy Metals; Copper, Lead and Chromium on Brain and Liver Tissue of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahsan%20Khan">Ahsan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazish%20Shah"> Nazish Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Salman"> Muhammad Salman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study deals with the toxicological effects of copper, lead and chromium on brain and liver tissues of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The average length of experimental fish was 8.5 ± 5.5 cm and weighed 9.5 ± 6.5 g. Grass carp was exposed to lethal concentration (LC₁₅) of copper, lead and chromium for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. (LC₁₅) for copper was 1.5, 1.4, 1.2 and 1mgL⁻¹. Similarly, LC₁₅ of lead was 250, 235, 225 and 216mgL⁻¹ while (LC₁₅) for chromium was 25.5, 22.5, 20 and 18mgL⁻¹ respectively. During the time of exposure against various doses of heavy metals the grass carp showed some behavioral changes. In the initial stages of experiment, the rapid movements and gulping of air were observed. Several times the fish tried to jump to scat from the toxic median. In addition, the accumulation of heavy metals in different tissues of grass carp particularly in liver and brain tissues were observed. Lead was highly accumulated in brain tissue after the exposure of fish for 24 and 48 hours, while highly accumulated in liver tissues after the exposure of fish for 72 and 96 hours. Chromium was highly accumulated in the liver tissues after the exposure of fish for 24 hours while its accumulation was found highly in the brain tissues after the exposure of fish for 48, 72 and 96 hours. Similarly, accumulation of copper concentration was found highly in brain tissues after the exposure of 48 and 96 hours while its accumulation was high in liver tissues after the exposure of 24 and 72 hours. Comparatively maximum accumulation of lead was found in brain and liver tissues of grass carp followed by chromium and copper. Furthermore, accumulation of these metals caused many abnormalities like gliosis, destruction of cell, change in cell shape and shrinkage of cells in brain tissue while in liver tissues aggregation in hepatocytes, widen space between cells and also destruction of cell was observed. These experiments and observations can be useful to monitor the aquatic pollution and quality of aquatic environment system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title="brain">brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grass%20carp" title=" grass carp"> grass carp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lethal%20concentration" title=" lethal concentration"> lethal concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100170/toxicological-effects-of-heavy-metals-copper-lead-and-chromium-on-brain-and-liver-tissue-of-grass-carp-ctenopharyngodon-idella" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">885</span> Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violina%20R.%20Angelova">Violina R. Angelova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20N.%20Perifanova-Nemska"> Mariana N. Perifanova-Nemska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galina%20P.%20Uzunova"> Galina P. Uzunova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20N.%20Kolentsova"> Elitsa N. Kolentsova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Comparative research has been conducted to allow us to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cd) in the vegetative and reproductive organs of safflower, and to identify the possibility of its growth on soils contaminated by heavy metals and efficacy for phytoremediation. The experiment was performed on an agricultural field contaminated by the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The experimental plots were situated at different distances (0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 15 km) from the source of pollution. The contents of heavy metals in plant materials (roots, stems, leaves, seeds) were determined. The quality of safflower oils (heavy metals and fatty acid composition) was also determined. The quantitative measurements were carried out with inductively-coupled plasma (ICP). Safflower is a plant that is tolerant to heavy metals and can be referred to the hyperaccumulators of lead and cadmium and the accumulators of zinc. The plant can be successfully used in the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. The processing of safflower seeds into oil and the use of the obtained oil will greatly reduce the cost of phytoremediation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation" title=" accumulation"> accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safflower" title=" safflower"> safflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polluted%20soils" title=" polluted soils"> polluted soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49641/accumulation-of-heavy-metals-in-safflower-carthamus-tinctorius-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">884</span> Capital Accumulation and Unemployment in Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Dikko">Abubakar Dikko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research investigates the causes of unemployment in Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa, and the role of Capital Accumulation in reducing the unemployment profile of these economies as proposed by the post-Keynesian economics. This is conducted through extensive review of literature on the NAIRU models and focused on the post-Keynesian view of unemployment within the NAIRU framework. The NAIRU (non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment) model has become a dominant framework used in macroeconomic analysis of unemployment. The study views the post-Keynesian economics arguments that capital accumulation is a major determinant of unemployment. Unemployment remains the fundamental socio-economic challenge facing African economies. It has been a burden to citizens of those economies. Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa are great African nations battling with high unemployment rates. In 2013, the countries recorded high unemployment rates of 16.9%, 23.9% and 24.9% respectively. Most of the unemployed in these economies comprises of youth. Roughly about 40% working age South Africans has jobs, whereas in Nigeria and Namibia is less than that. Unemployment in Africa has wide implications on households which has led to extensive poverty and inequality, and created a rampant criminality. Recently in South Africa there has been a case of xenophobic attacks which were caused by the citizens of the country as a result of unemployment. The high unemployment rate in the country led the citizens to chase away foreigners in the country claiming that they have taken away their jobs. The study proposes that there is a strong relationship between capital accumulation and unemployment in Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa, and capital accumulation is responsible for high unemployment rates in these countries. For the economies to achieve steady state level of employment and satisfactory level of economic growth and development there is need for capital accumulation to take place. The countries in the study have been selected after a critical research and investigations. They are selected based on the following criteria; African economies with high unemployment rates above 15% and have about 40% of their workforce unemployed. This level of unemployment is the critical level of unemployment in Africa as expressed by International Labour Organization (ILO). The African countries with low level of capital accumulation. Adequate statistical measures have been employed using a time-series analysis in the study and the results revealed that capital accumulation is the main driver of unemployment performance in the chosen African countries. An increase in the accumulation of capital causes unemployment to reduce significantly. The results of the research work will be useful and relevant to federal governments and ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) of Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa to resolve the issue of high and persistent unemployment rates in their economies which are great burden that slows growth and development of developing economies. Also, the result can be useful to World Bank, African Development Bank and International Labour Organization (ILO) in their further research and studies on how to tackle unemployment in developing and emerging economies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20accumulation" title="capital accumulation">capital accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NAIRU" title=" NAIRU"> NAIRU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Post-Keynesian%20economics" title=" Post-Keynesian economics"> Post-Keynesian economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40182/capital-accumulation-and-unemployment-in-namibia-nigeria-and-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">883</span> Impact on Soil Irrigated with Municipal and Industrial Wastewater from Korangi Drain near IoBM, Karachi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20Ali">Farhan Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Use of wastewater for growing vegetables has become a common practice around big cities. Wastewater contains organic material and inorganic elements essential for plant growth but also contain heavy metals, which may be lethal for animals and humans if their concentration increases than permissible limit. To monitor this situation, a survey was conducted to ascertain the addition of heavy metals into agricultural fields through wastewater irrigation and their translocation in to the edible parts of the vegetables. The study highlighted that there is a large accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, which is irrigated with industrial wastewater Laden and people consume vegetables grown in soil irrigated with sewage water to absorb a large amount of these metals. This accumulation of heavy metals in food cause possible health risks for the consumer. Regular monitoring of the levels of pathogens and heavy metals from the waste water drain which effluent are used for growing vegetables and other foodstuffs is essential to monitor excessive accumulation of these metals in the food chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title="pathogens">pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effluent" title=" effluent"> effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32592/impact-on-soil-irrigated-with-municipal-and-industrial-wastewater-from-korangi-drain-near-iobm-karachi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">882</span> The Impacts Of Hydraulic Conditions On The Fate, Transport And Accumulation Of Microplastics Pollution In The Aquatic Ecosystems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Rasta">Majid Rasta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaotao%20Shi"> Xiaotao Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Adnan%20Kakakhel"> Mian Adnan Kakakhel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanqin%20Bai"> Yanqin Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lao%20Liu"> Lao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Manke"> Jia Manke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microplastics (MPs; particles <5 mm) pollution is considered as a globally pervasive threat to aquatic ecosystems, and many studies reported this pollution in rivers, wetlands, lakes, coastal waters and oceans. In the aquatic environments, settling and transport of MPs in water column and sediments are determined by different factors such as hydrologic characteristics, watershed pattern, rainfall events, hydraulic conditions, vegetation, hydrodynamics behavior of MPs, and physical features of particles (shape, size and density). In the meantime, hydraulic conditions (such as turbulence, high/low water speed flows or water stagnation) play a key role in the fate of MPs in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this study presents a briefly review on the effects of different hydraulic conditions on the fate, transport and accumulation of MPs in aquatic ecosystems. Generally, MPs are distributed horizontally and vertically in aquatic environments. The vertical distribution of MPs in the water column changes with different flow velocities. In the riverine, turbulent flow causing from the rapid water velocity and shallow depth may create a homogeneous mixture of MPs throughout the water column. While low velocity followed by low-turbulent waters can lead to the low level vertical mixing of MP particles in the water column. Consequently, the high numbers of MPs are expected to be found in the sediments of deep and wide channels as well as estuaries. In contrast, observing the lowest accumulation of MP particles in the sediments of straights of the rivers, places with the highest flow velocity is understandable. In the marine environment, hydrodynamic factors (e.g., turbulence, current velocity and residual circulation) can affect the sedimentation and transportation of MPs and thus change the distribution of MPs in the marine and coastal sediments. For instance, marine bays are known as the accumulation area of MPs due to poor hydrodynamic conditions. On the other hand, in the nearshore zone, the flow conditions are highly complex and dynamic. Experimental studies illustrated that maximum horizontal flow velocity in the sandy beach can predict the accumulation of MPs so that particles with high sinking velocities deposit in the lower water depths. As a whole, it can be concluded that the transport and accumulation of MPs in aquatic ecosystems are highly affected by hydraulic conditions. This study provided information about the impacts of hydraulic on MPs pollution. Further research on hydraulics and its relationship to the accumulation of MPs in aquatic ecosystems is needed to increase insights into this pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics%20pollution" title="microplastics pollution">microplastics pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic" title=" hydraulic"> hydraulic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation" title=" accumulation"> accumulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176618/the-impacts-of-hydraulic-conditions-on-the-fate-transport-and-accumulation-of-microplastics-pollution-in-the-aquatic-ecosystems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">881</span> Assessing the Risk of Condensation and Moisture Accumulation in Solid Walls: Comparing Different Internal Wall Insulation Options</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Glew">David Glew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Thomas"> Felix Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Brooke-Peat"> Matthew Brooke-Peat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improving the thermal performance of homes is seen as an essential step in achieving climate change, fuel security, fuel poverty targets. One of the most effective thermal retrofits is to insulate solid walls. However, it has been observed that applying insulation to the internal face of solid walls reduces the surface temperature of the inner wall leaf, which may introduce condensation risk and may interrupt seasonal moisture accumulation and dissipation. This research quantifies the extent to which the risk of condensation and moisture accumulation in the wall increases (which can increase the risk of timber rot) following the installation of six different types of internal wall insulation. In so doing, it compares how risk is affected by both the thermal resistance, thickness, and breathability of the insulation. Thermal bridging, surface temperatures, condensation risk, and moisture accumulation are evaluated using hygrothermal simulation software before and after the thermal upgrades. The research finds that installing internal wall insulation will always introduce some risk of condensation and moisture. However, it identifies that risks were present prior to insulation and that breathable materials and insulation with lower resistance have lower risks than alternative insulation options. The implications of this may be that building standards that encourage the enhanced thermal performance of solid walls may be introducing moisture risks into homes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condensation%20risk" title="condensation risk">condensation risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygrothermal%20simulation" title=" hygrothermal simulation"> hygrothermal simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20wall%20insulation" title=" internal wall insulation"> internal wall insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20bridging" title=" thermal bridging"> thermal bridging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127908/assessing-the-risk-of-condensation-and-moisture-accumulation-in-solid-walls-comparing-different-internal-wall-insulation-options" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">880</span> Health Percentage Evaluation for Satellite Electrical Power System Based on Linear Stresses Accumulation Damage Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Wenli">Lin Wenli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fu%20Linchun"> Fu Linchun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Yi"> Zhang Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Ming"> Wu Ming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To meet the demands of long-life and high-intelligence for satellites, the electrical power system should be provided with self-health condition evaluation capability. Any over-stress events in operations should be recorded. Based on Linear stresses accumulation damage theory, accumulative damage analysis was performed on thermal-mechanical-electrical united stresses for three components including the solar array, the batteries and the power conditioning unit. Then an overall health percentage evaluation model for satellite electrical power system was built. To obtain the accurate quantity for system health percentage, an automatic feedback closed-loop correction method for all coefficients in the evaluation model was present. The evaluation outputs could be referred as taking earlier fault-forecast and interventions for Ground Control Center or Satellites self. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20electrical%20power%20system" title="satellite electrical power system">satellite electrical power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20percentage" title=" health percentage"> health percentage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20stresses%20accumulation%20damage" title=" linear stresses accumulation damage"> linear stresses accumulation damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20model" title=" evaluation model"> evaluation model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41050/health-percentage-evaluation-for-satellite-electrical-power-system-based-on-linear-stresses-accumulation-damage-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">879</span> Phytoremediation: An Ecological Solution to Heavy-Metal-Polluted Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasreen%20Jeelani">Nasreen Jeelani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huining%20Shi"> Huining Shi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20An">Di An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Xia"> Lu Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuqing%20An"> Shuqing An</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals contamination in aquatic ecosystem is a major environmental problem since its accumulation along the food chain pose public health risk. The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil and plants species collected from different streams of Suoxu River, China was investigated. This aim was to define the level of pollutants in Suoxu River, find which plant species exhibits the greatest accumulation and to evaluate whether these species could be useful for phytoremediation. While total soil Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations varied, respectively, from 0.09 to 0.23 , 58.6 to 98, 9.72 to 80.5, 15.3 to 41, 15.2 to 27.3 and 35 to 156 (mg-kg-1), those in plants ranged from 0.035 to 0.49, 2.91 to 75.6, 4.79 to 32.4, 1.27 to 16.1, 0.62 to10.2, 18.9 to 84.6 (mg-kg-1), respectively. Based on BCFs and TFs values, most of the studied species have potential for phytostabilization. The plants with most effective in the accumulation of metals in shoots are Phragmatis australis (TF=2.29) and Iris tectorum (TF =2.07) for Pb. While Chenopodium album, (BCF =3.55), Ranunculus sceleratus, (BCF= 3.0), Polygonum hydropiper (BCF =2.46) for Cd and Iris tectorum (BCF=2.0) for Cu was suitable for phytostabilization. Among the plant species screened for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, most of the species were efficient to take up more than one heavy metal in roots. Our study showed that the native plant species growing on contaminated sites may have the potential uses for phytoremediation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=huaihe%20river%20catchments" title=" huaihe river catchments"> huaihe river catchments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plants" title=" plants"> plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30189/phytoremediation-an-ecological-solution-to-heavy-metal-polluted-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">878</span> Control of Biofilm Formation and Inorganic Particle Accumulation on Reverse Osmosis Membrane by Hypochlorite Washing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masaki%20Ohno">Masaki Ohno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cervinia%20Manalo"> Cervinia Manalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuji%20Okuda"> Tetsuji Okuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoshi%20Nakai"> Satoshi Nakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wataru%20Nishijima"> Wataru Nishijima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been widely used for desalination to purify water for drinking and other purposes. Although at present most RO membranes have no resistance to chlorine, chlorine-resistant membranes are being developed. Therefore, direct chlorine treatment or chlorine washing will be an option in preventing biofouling on chlorine-resistant membranes. Furthermore, if particle accumulation control is possible by using chlorine washing, expensive pretreatment for particle removal can be removed or simplified. The objective of this study was to determine the effective hypochlorite washing condition required for controlling biofilm formation and inorganic particle accumulation on RO membrane in a continuous flow channel with RO membrane and spacer. In this study, direct chlorine washing was done by soaking fouled RO membranes in hypochlorite solution and fluorescence intensity was used to quantify biofilm on the membrane surface. After 48 h of soaking the membranes in high fouling potential waters, the fluorescence intensity decreased to 0 from 470 using the following washing conditions: 10 mg/L chlorine concentration, 2 times/d washing interval, and 30 min washing time. The chlorine concentration required to control biofilm formation decreased as the chlorine concentration (0.5–10 mg/L), the washing interval (1–4 times/d), or the washing time (1–30 min) increased. For the sample solutions used in the study, 10 mg/L chlorine concentration with 2 times/d interval, and 5 min washing time was required for biofilm control. The optimum chlorine washing conditions obtained from soaking experiments proved to be applicable also in controlling biofilm formation in continuous flow experiments. Moreover, chlorine washing employed in controlling biofilm with suspended particles resulted in lower amounts of organic (0.03 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) and inorganic (0.14 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) deposits on the membrane than that for sample water without chlorine washing (0.14 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> and 0.33 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively). The amount of biofilm formed was 79% controlled by continuous washing with 10 mg/L of free chlorine concentration, and the inorganic accumulation amount decreased by 58% to levels similar to that of pure water with kaolin (0.17 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) as feed water. These results confirmed the acceleration of particle accumulation due to biofilm formation, and that the inhibition of biofilm growth can almost completely reduce further particle accumulation. In addition, effective hypochlorite washing condition which can control both biofilm formation and particle accumulation could be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20osmosis" title="reverse osmosis">reverse osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=washing%20condition%20optimization" title=" washing condition optimization"> washing condition optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypochlorous%20acid" title=" hypochlorous acid"> hypochlorous acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofouling%20control" title=" biofouling control"> biofouling control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36473/control-of-biofilm-formation-and-inorganic-particle-accumulation-on-reverse-osmosis-membrane-by-hypochlorite-washing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">877</span> Impact of Emerging Nano-Agrichemicals on the Simultaneous Control of Arsenic and Cadmium in Rice Paddies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingmao%20Ma">Xingmao Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjie%20Sun"> Wenjie Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice paddies are frequently co-contaminated by arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), both of which demonstrate a high propensity for accumulation in rice grains and cause global food safety and public health concern. Even though different agricultural management strategies have been explored for their simultaneous control in rice grains, a viable solution is yet to be developed. Interestingly, several nanoagrichemicals, such as the zinc nanofertilizer and copper nanopesticide have displayed strong potential to reduce As or Cd accumulation in rice tissues. In order to determine whether these nanoagrichemicals can lower the accumulation of both As and Cd in rice, a series of bench studies were performed. Our results show that zinc oxide nanoparticles at 100 mg/Kg significantly lowered both As, and Cd in rice roots and shoots in flood irrigated rice seedlings, while equivalent amount of zinc ions only reduced As concentration in rice shoots. Zinc ions significantly increased Cd concentration in rice shoots by almost 30%. The results demonstrate a unique 'nano-effect' of zinc oxide nanoparticles, which is ascribed to the slow releasing of zinc ions from nanoparticles and the formation of different transformation products in these two treatments. We also evaluated the effect of nanoscale soil amendment, silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) on the simultaneous reduction in both flooding and alternate wet and dry irrigation scheme. The effect of SiO₂NPs on As and Cd accumulation in rice tissues was strongly affected by the irrigation scheme. While 2000 mg/kg of SiO₂NPs significantly reduced As in rice roots and insignificantly reduced As in rice shoots in flooded rice, it increased As concentration in rice shoots in alternate wet and dry irrigation. In both irrigation scenarios, SiO₂NPs significantly reduced Cd concentration in rice roots, but only reduced Cd concentration in rice shoots in alternate wet and dry irrigation. Our results demonstrate a marked effect of nanoagrichemicals on the accumulation of As and Cd in rice and can be a potential solution to simultaneously control both in certain conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoagrichemicals" title=" nanoagrichemicals"> nanoagrichemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113785/impact-of-emerging-nano-agrichemicals-on-the-simultaneous-control-of-arsenic-and-cadmium-in-rice-paddies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">876</span> The Effect of a Saturated Kink on the Dynamics of Tungsten Impurities in the Plasma Core</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20E.%20Ferrari">H. E. Ferrari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Farengo"> R. Farengo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20F.%20Clauser"> C. F. Clauser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tungsten (W) will be used in ITER as one of the plasma facing components (PFCs). The W could migrate to the plasma center. This could have a potentially deleterious effect on plasma confinement. Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) can be used to prevent W accumulation. We simulated a series of H mode discharges in ASDEX U with PFC containing W, where central ECRH was used to prevent W accumulation in the plasma center. The experiments showed that the W density profiles were flat after a sawtooth crash, and become hollow in between sawtooth crashes when ECRH has been applied. It was also observed that a saturated kink mode was active in these conditions. We studied the effect of saturated kink like instabilities on the redistribution of W impurities. The kink was modeled as the sum of a simple analytical equilibrium (large aspect ratio, circular cross section) plus the perturbation produced by the kink. A numerical code that follows the exact trajectories of the impurity ions in the total fields and includes collisions was employed. The code is written in Cuda C and runs in Graphical Processing Units (GPUs), allowing simulations with a large number of particles with modest resources. Our simulations show that when the W ions have a thermal velocity distribution, the kink has no effect on the W density. When we consider the plasma rotation, the kink can affect the W density. When the average passing frequency of the W particles is similar to the frequency of the kink mode, the expulsion of W ions from the plasma core is maximum, and the W density shows a hollow structure. This could have implications for the mitigation of W accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impurity%20transport" title="impurity transport">impurity transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kink%20instability" title=" kink instability"> kink instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten%20accumulation" title=" tungsten accumulation"> tungsten accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten%20dynamics" title=" tungsten dynamics"> tungsten dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90426/the-effect-of-a-saturated-kink-on-the-dynamics-of-tungsten-impurities-in-the-plasma-core" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=30">30</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=31">31</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> 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