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href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22National+Center+for+Health+Research%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National Center for Health Research</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NCHR_logo_.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NCHR_logo_.png/220px-NCHR_logo_.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NCHR_logo_.png/330px-NCHR_logo_.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/NCHR_logo_.png 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diana_Zuckerman" title="Diana Zuckerman">Diana Zuckerman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data">Conducts and scrutinizes research to improve the health and safety of adults and children.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Product</th><td class="infobox-data">Health and medical information and assistance</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diana_Zuckerman" title="Diana Zuckerman">Diana Zuckerman</a>, President</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.center4research.org/">www<wbr />.center4research<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6978044#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Center for Health Research</b> (formerly known as the <b>National Research Center for Women & Families</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> based <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> founded in 1999. NCHR provides health-related services such as: free information and training based on research findings, educating policy makers and working with the media.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President of the organisation is <a href="/wiki/Diana_Zuckerman" title="Diana Zuckerman">Diana Zuckerman</a>. The primary program is <a href="/wiki/The_Cancer_Prevention_and_Treatment_Fund" title="The Cancer Prevention and Treatment Fund">The Cancer Prevention and Treatment Fund</a>, which utilises an online health hotline. </p><p>In 2014, the organisation changed its name from the National Research Center for Women and Families to the National Center for Health Research. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Health_Research&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2011, Center staff published a study in <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_of_Internal_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Archives of Internal Medicine">Archives of Internal Medicine</a></i>, which evaluated the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)’s recalls of devices that the agency considered potentially deadly or at a very high risk.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the research, Using FDA data, most of the devices that were high-risk recalls had never been studied in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical trials">clinical trials</a> prior to FDA approval. The FDA needed to apply stricter criteria for approving implanted medical devices and those used to diagnose serious illnesses - a recommendation that was also supported by an editorial at the same subject.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study resulted at a hearing in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">medical device</a> industry representatives argued on U.S. newspapers and news programs saying that clinical trials were not needed and the cost of doing the studies would interfere with <a href="/wiki/Job_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Job growth">job growth</a> and innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2011, president Diana Zuckerman testified before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_on_Aging" title="United States Senate Special Committee on Aging">U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging</a> about the study findings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2015)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2014, the organisation published a study in the <a href="/wiki/JAMA_Internal_Medicine" title="JAMA Internal Medicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> journal about the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">scientific evidence</a> submitted to the <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> to support the marketing of implanted medical devices under the agency’s 510(k) review process. The study concluded that most of the implanted devices were not required to submit data from clinical trials or scientific evidence of safety or effectiveness before they could be sold.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, a study was published in the same journal about recently approved cancer drugs that had been criticized by other researchers as having no evidence that they decreased mortality or helped patients live longer. The Center’s follow-up study found no new evidence that any of the drugs affected survival, and only one of the drugs had clear evidence of improving patients’ quality of life. The study also found that the cost of the drugs ranged from $20,000 to $180,000 despite the lack of scientific evidence of benefit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2017, the NCHR staff published a paper in <a href="/wiki/Milbank_Quarterly" title="Milbank Quarterly">Milbank Quarterly</a> criticizing the FDA for its failure to safeguard electronic health records and other device software from hacking and other cybersecurity threats. They stated “current regulations are necessary but not sufficient for ensuring patient safety by identifying and eliminating dangerous defects in software currently on the market”.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They added that legislative changes resulting from the law entitled the 21st Century Cures Act “will further deregulate health IT, reducing safeguards that facilitate the reporting and timely recall of flawed medical software that could harm patients.” </p><p>The center published another study in Milbank Quarterly in 2018 called “Diversity in Medical Device Clinical Trials: Do We Know What Works for Which Patients?”.<sup id="cite_ref-f-r_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-r-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study investigated whether new, high-risk medical devices had been proven safe and effective for women, minorities, or patients over 65 years of age. Despite a law encouraging diversity in clinical trials submitted to the FDA, the results indicated that most studies did not conduct subgroup analysis on all these major demographic groups, thus providing no information about safety or effectiveness for most patients.<sup id="cite_ref-f-r_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f-r-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Health_Research&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two awards are given by the center each year: </p> <ul><li>The Foremother Lifetime Achievement Award "recognizes women who expanded women’s horizons, improved our communities, and made remarkable contributions to our country".<sup id="cite_ref-Awards_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awards-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Health Policy Heroes Award "honors men and women (and sometimes boys and girls) who have changed the public debate and public policies in ways that help to improve the lives of adults and children nationwide".<sup id="cite_ref-Awards_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awards-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Health_Research&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFox-RawlingsGottschalkDoamekporZuckerman2018" class="citation journal cs1">Fox-Rawlings, Stephanie R.; Gottschalk, Laura B.; Doamekpor, Laurén A.; Zuckerman, Diana M. (September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131322">"Diversity in Medical Device Clinical Trials: Do We Know What Works for Which Patients?"</a>. <i>The Milbank Quarterly</i>. <b>96</b> (3): 499–529. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0009.12344">10.1111/1468-0009.12344</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131322">6131322</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30203600">30203600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milbank+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Diversity+in+Medical+Device+Clinical+Trials%3A+Do+We+Know+What+Works+for+Which+Patients%3F&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=499-529&rft.date=2018-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6131322%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30203600&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0009.12344&rft.aulast=Fox-Rawlings&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+R.&rft.au=Gottschalk%2C+Laura+B.&rft.au=Doamekpor%2C+Laur%C3%A9n+A.&rft.au=Zuckerman%2C+Diana+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6131322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Center+for+Health+Research" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonquilloZuckerman2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ronquillo, Jay G.; Zuckerman, Diana M. (September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594275">"Software-Related Recalls of Health Information Technology and Other Medical Devices: Implications for FDA Regulation of Digital Health"</a>. <i>The Milbank Quarterly</i>. <b>95</b> (3): 535–553. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0009.12278">10.1111/1468-0009.12278</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594275">5594275</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28895231">28895231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milbank+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Software-Related+Recalls+of+Health+Information+Technology+and+Other+Medical+Devices%3A+Implications+for+FDA+Regulation+of+Digital+Health&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=535-553&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5594275%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28895231&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0009.12278&rft.aulast=Ronquillo&rft.aufirst=Jay+G.&rft.au=Zuckerman%2C+Diana+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5594275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Center+for+Health+Research" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckermanDoamekpor2015" class="citation journal cs1">Zuckerman, Diana; Doamekpor, Laurén Abla (June 2015). "More data are needed for Essure hysteroscopic sterilization device". <i>Contraception</i>. <b>91</b> (6): 520. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.contraception.2015.02.027">10.1016/j.contraception.2015.02.027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25779602">25779602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contraception&rft.atitle=More+data+are+needed+for+Essure+hysteroscopic+sterilization+device&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=520&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.contraception.2015.02.027&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25779602&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft.au=Doamekpor%2C+Laur%C3%A9n+Abla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Center+for+Health+Research" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonsalvesZuckerman2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gonsalves, G.; Zuckerman, D. (25 March 2015). "Commentary: Will 20th century patient safeguards be reversed in the 21st century?". <i>BMJ</i>. <b>350</b> (mar25 7): h1500. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h1500">10.1136/bmj.h1500</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814537">25814537</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19510018">19510018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Will+20th+century+patient+safeguards+be+reversed+in+the+21st+century%3F&rft.volume=350&rft.issue=mar25+7&rft.pages=h1500&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19510018%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25814537&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.h1500&rft.aulast=Gonsalves&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Zuckerman%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Center+for+Health+Research" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckermanBrownDas2014" class="citation journal cs1">Zuckerman, Diana; Brown, Paul; Das, Aditi (1 November 2014). "Lack of Publicly Available Scientific Evidence on the Safety and Effectiveness of Implanted Medical Devices". <i>JAMA Internal Medicine</i>. <b>174</b> (11): 1781–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamainternmed.2014.4193">10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4193</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25265047">25265047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Lack+of+Publicly+Available+Scientific+Evidence+on+the+Safety+and+Effectiveness+of+Implanted+Medical+Devices&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1781-7&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjamainternmed.2014.4193&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25265047&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft.au=Brown%2C+Paul&rft.au=Das%2C+Aditi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Center+for+Health+Research" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckermanBrownNissen2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zuckerman, Diana M.; Brown, Paul; Nissen, Steven E. (13 June 2011). 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