CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6d096aa2c3f58',cH: 'NtklJV5TkJyI3sjrxGU7NHPI.VxVf_nutMw5SMxkOI0-1741316135-1.2.1.1-vlO0O1syl8fWY2v_2zJQC22mKOJMsF6UWLIDmTieI8erQ0hbjNNMkjE79hmvOfQb',cUPMDTk: "\/13236\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=NRRLl.UX1C4.FE1zaOjOF.mUuQdZx9Nyq_JtbAe6Ebo-1741316135-1.0.1.1-xML5zsVgRTjrNBfU5U7xGwaWWIlEQUQZgOlREKlky5c",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741316135',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/13236\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=NRRLl.UX1C4.FE1zaOjOF.mUuQdZx9Nyq_JtbAe6Ebo-1741316135-1.0.1.1-xML5zsVgRTjrNBfU5U7xGwaWWIlEQUQZgOlREKlky5c",md: "8LAsCWH7JF0ibyPL_WkisPABm2xHozNvoXbnKkzN7js-1741316135-1.2.1.1-KI1ME7_iDzqTRNNTBpd7Adt1.M7CyfnenPQtJdfSOIx4aFbVIfOWw7TiwM7j3k4l6ZLmIUEIcMzu7mRShdM7Zw_1E2EShiNbsLcb7rVT_XvcO.hJA73W4cjlzpSRYlLXUUnvn6Dp5q6FBXSTowvTCr6x4jkJKCCBdn_Fj_cd1gumTGWwhlKMSGZYyJE0sg_JHG.9DtZvsMgvlgOXZxlFtE5ugUM8LZiRVYMXCHwmokZ7H6SkCPB4j90abFD6TpC.2pS9_1CfW8kqEX4EqKnslVRJMsplK4sQrWToR6BGALiFBQpGcrDKV_3nvfijYYj9ifaE9sljxG9_6vc0d_ve49Jh7ZzRUVJmhd37WXYlUxTmF8u.2uzT46io8R0.hIubC9OCm2Cegc0IZdZF6h7WipMOmdC6naIvAr28tQ1jlPgD7J7kZe.yX.u7uButbjmy7Qx9JmeqYMCL6QPeNZ7wnG.Zs3Txx3FJfaHQKenxbNU7VjKR7Jf3819juAvYwRhKbaYYrG5SdlzG7Pphxd5ZtlkwjqlFbcGT1WdPvpT2wr1HF0kbsl3FG2Fp7oazjXc_Wh225kj6coqX.RagcJIkXr1FQxo99khOiTCEaAG_TSFRV_FWbog019eTV1_vVGF5SQqiLh2vINx.bEiIfsO5T6TsGjcMZsg75UP8PysYdSrrxUsng8CR831ch.5Iv4BieRLy6FdMX3_itRkL57BDwwGCXC687v2UYc4VM1c5QwWqoFPTEYgh2QhvULL2f8xgypS47BNDLlmws7Q8_FKIaV.232lH5wP7PoUlsGh7wdLlLvA9F8EKQHb5Ss_ZnUqUL9L9VBhmhCWPFjxWpcwNLRNHbku4PlXRlAeYLDZogsvXSU2Fe5YvW3JJS.9JPv_uAtSs2XUWGXTOdsVaXm8PJ8.bUaPSOYnbfx_KmxVXOjn9.ujLoxdkWI1c77FWtMwGzAMcPqZ4jemhEwXl3z2M1WPeoAcuZmUHwYflYnad5v7cz6Ff00Ny7Z.QAZ8FHWjWLqjKhH4H1aZGBA1C29Qi8aCYDhqEuCPHW20C259FkJ6ZHMzGQfdGOAVucEuH0ocZx57u6YQBmnAji.W7OOg7O9MD8lWSXOjEd_YQa6C.Yt9v04Vh3jJXlFYqL9u7mS52tIpmXkpIjUz6_gRy4F6Hpyij1xfWUdCcXMCxeQYRen1oQZp35lgajoGmR.ZEwuUKIiFbDpGaFcLmcnB2esYDlQ",mdrd: "gS70z1YsvXvhJqkR8kOJQ.UUuHGMad2UIQSdKozvLuw-1741316135-1.2.1.1-MSNTQ_v5uG6RCaKeqofJSCST6qqLK9_0tebNbTjiJAVB3uOtuyVxifR_zR5rAnfAcA0D8Ry4CxIxtrVZHmkOK_JVGsCO5FdQh5y.47G.eT8ii5zrnaUMfxUYArToM3MEAZscwGBJdU6q70IxavLgX9Vm_CpXZQd5rjPzXAblow1HQPFZFZc3yy3gp.fDuHbReH9lUxA3Ap9gON5C6tgLcwD0E0rFFqCZMDh3gJ7vaMLYAPclYx30OTC2FRZ_UouiezNaRDrow8yhIdLT7K.CA0Gh3Yx9tZKrATW5HDlh5TMKucL6UijpmChwp8.PKzHBd4euN6Ryr0bdWbRK5uSRMTqrUjt5Ulz_2XmF14WEGwwAvEr._vRIW1RGMc3ef3_DXC39C1YlNCZCwCP_ZJ2jlk2W_DgS1LApjdI4sOplJtlyCdS.WP.c.kdBbe5a5BALaLKpgN.9ITBfJ27s_18LKv2XBqybUjS1AfXe6C37QGcLbL0nAxxqHbqVB6b3F5t4_q1GoZ.WeYHKeONzkpOsclau5laLF40Y.JvGWg59FRgj65D0MoBWyJKNLuGiBfBcdfuLrY9v8uxp7UT1osns.F0DP8ZRkbRnTS5micx6TN6BbDWHdu9qrGrRH4olFU3E0Uhm8X1t87GUV1ZntPBjzjFMFwcusTN6e_8BepGbmWJn3YQrYLVwGYdngQ0mPcPtBIo_sD7DwYfjPKTYmEmCbixHWBoMrfBU.QajuOoLFwybHdR1hJRb1aan2XYUItu4QvEZBR0KDryt4h.imA8rgRz08vAlLBMKD92z809xKBRk.YE98tCfGmdsmaw6SzERhLVOj7on27EW.DIAtSCu.OSC8MmB9p9WxpI1v0TXssHDcPVstJucZEGVzUio2bu0YFQqAa7ebKjhKhM_BaOj6g41mWqNkvMdThmU7lt5r6oeIuoaA2USjkE06nV6rm97tbmtybh_3Tl7FZ_Z8uB4EOmmQgGUUTG_Ex.pkqoR252Y_bt.Wo12f6bNZa555nqclR5I2y8x_KyJd_s3e.Bgf5tn4lA.l27XUY9bq9DXPmnxlFaT1M0yJ6ot3Ba7RFATCoQlY68C0nlfXiDQ4dmuKvZ0An1gnZr3v_ZgG5oTRoJA.vzeRWrfn2eyQGg87gnkmohw46UdENCTjc184I5NzlRGk7Kt1AzxDT5xPKS5PsDrlS_f0ovey7Ci5M9qCbEvw74qfO3XXlNK81BtnVDGDrNWuhHYV89eMiwee4nNZRkxEfXcUZP8l7yjLWNNn2TbJ4Iulo6fQw5dKEMXJQQViohvHlojHxfznzVf1ZudZU90Y8KszZ7fzgoOTHvZGPMDgJiUWriJlWmtLlRcZymC1l7EofbsVu18F7yUU3ANqiL.YO7ni0.ck7u_Cdp204gJmldRDr9wXfAquQ58II6nKh_oGxxcYEa7NLmCZH1Duc9gMb.RTdHQHjLO9Y657jHVB2qV3q_UOCKOXsuwtFchRtkShN24ta5i84peXl2daM8LHqu5qyDwuXRozpn4BfNXgmH4Lf2a5VYVJe7CbUs7azONbUkWBs0Ni7pJT8dK6M0k9vbt4_uGIiXVyrEFwPrJHQNmRVgidssg0y0W.DQ7FluH7IE8Og0hH_YHWyMpcK2C87rKKt_Q.39fi.Y36ItpL4V.p4hKv3jGKu99mkLADlIWG_4GliQpUNo_V_usbhj_GNR5zYmPtZPnE2c9bUOhT17qGR_.YwvTo8.C5KeL1Pvc902ZghHgmRpEoof6ZR2MFvozQxZrKx_A5XzdOyF1Gue8Ynmm_bmRc6lCUUhJvOdEycRxmYmnDL6hhXhhDKVBQmsFz6K9NxzcUR3xBitqL4HhXq1y0NUpjZsQzPeAUBaQUi2d.n6Hji1CpCGbCUgQ9UAK5kUAhC28iIqyW6hcg18ky1YjB.P3LnDjJUcQZMbecUWUyQC6gcY8X33IqN6HsbdimEPkHFSv1ASphA0m"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6d096aa2c3f58';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/13236\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=NRRLl.UX1C4.FE1zaOjOF.mUuQdZx9Nyq_JtbAe6Ebo-1741316135-1.0.1.1-xML5zsVgRTjrNBfU5U7xGwaWWIlEQUQZgOlREKlky5c" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>