CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1812 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"42dbdf9d-abd8-4606-a288-a8cbf8b58c21","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1812","wgTitle":"1812","wgCurRevisionId":1241345601,"wgRevisionId":1241345601,"wgArticleId":34949,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2015","All articles lacking in-text citations","Use mdy dates from March 2011","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","1812","Leap years in the Gregorian calendar"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1812","wgRelevantArticleId" :34949,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6933","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg/1200px-Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="778"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg/800px-Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="519"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg/640px-Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="415"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1812 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1812 rootpage-1812 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1812" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1812" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1812" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1812" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1812</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 174 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-174" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">174 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1812 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1812 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1812 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1812 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B2_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۱۲ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۱۲ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8" title="১৮১২ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮১২" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_n%C3%AE" title="1812 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1812 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1812 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1812 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812." title="1812. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1812." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1812 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1812 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B2" title="۱۸۱۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۱۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4" title="1812年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1812年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%EB%85%84" title="1812년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1812년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8" title="१८१२ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८१२" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812." title="1812. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1812." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8" title="মারি ১৮১২ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮১২" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1812-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1812-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%A8" title="೧೮೧೨ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೧೨" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1812 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1812 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1812 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1812 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1812-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1812-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1812 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1812 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B8" title="1812 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1812 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812._gads" title="1812. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1812. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1812 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1812 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_m." title="1812 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1812 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812moi" title="1812moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1812moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8" title="१८१२ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८१२" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8" title="इ.स. १८१२ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८१२" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B2" title="۱۸۱۲ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۱۲" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1812 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1812 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%81%E1%81%82" title="၁၈၁၂ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၁၂" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8" title="ई सं १८१२ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८१२" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4" title="1812年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1812年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1812 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1812 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8" title="୧୮୧୨ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୧୨" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8" title="१८१२ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८१२" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1812 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1812 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8" title="१८१२ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८१२" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%D8%B9" title="1812ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1812ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A1%D9%A2" title="١٨١٢ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨١٢" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1812 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1812 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2355" title="พ.ศ. 2355 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2355" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1812" title="Соли 1812 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1812" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%D8%A1" title="1812ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1812ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4" title="1812年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1812年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4" title="1812年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1812年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4" title="1812年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1812年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812" title="1812 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1812" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6933#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1812" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1812" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1812"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1812"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1812" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1812" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&oldid=1241345601" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1812&id=1241345601&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1812"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1812"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1812&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1812" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/1812" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6933" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1812. For the work by Tchaikovsky, see <a href="/wiki/1812_Overture" title="1812 Overture"><i>1812 Overture</i></a>. For the war, see <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1812_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1812 (disambiguation)">1812 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1790s" title="1790s">1790s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800s_(decade)" title="1800s (decade)">1800s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1809" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1809">1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1810" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1810">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1811" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1811">1811</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1812" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1812">1812</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1813" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1813">1813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1814" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1814">1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1815" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1815">1815</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1812" title="Category:1812">1812 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_archaeology" title="1812 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_architecture" title="1812 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_art" title="1812 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_literature" title="1812 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_poetry" title="1812 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_music" title="1812 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Australia" title="1812 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Canada" title="1812 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Denmark" title="1812 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_France" title="1812 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Germany" title="1812 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_New_Zealand" title="1812 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Norway" title="1812 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Russia" title="1812 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_South_Africa" title="1812 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Spain" title="1812 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_Sweden" title="1812 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1812 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_the_United_States" title="1812 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_rail_transport" title="1812 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_science" title="1812 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_in_sports" title="1812 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1812" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1812">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_in_law" title="Category:1812 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_births" title="Category:1812 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_deaths" title="Category:1812 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_establishments" title="Category:1812 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_disestablishments" title="Category:1812 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_works" title="Category:1812 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1812 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1812<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCXII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2565</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1261<br />ԹՎ ՌՄԿԱ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6562</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1733–1734</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1219</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2762</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>52 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a> – 53 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2356</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1174</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7320–7321</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">辛未</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />4509 or 4302<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />壬申年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />4510 or 4303</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1528–1529</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2978</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1804–1805</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5572–5573</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1868–1869</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1733–1734</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4912–4913</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11812</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>812–813</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1190–1191</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1226–1227</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka">Bunka</a> 9<br />(文化９年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1738–1739</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4145</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>100 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前100年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>344</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2354–2355</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴金羊年<br />(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />1938 or 1557 or 785<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳水猴年<br />(male Water-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1939 or 1558 or 786</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1812" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1812">1812</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Badajoz,_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg/220px-Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg/330px-Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg/440px-Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1723" data-file-height="1117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a>: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Siege of Badajoz</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>1812</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCXII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Leap year starting on Wednesday">leap year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Leap year starting on Monday">leap year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1812th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 812th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 12th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 3rd year of the <a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a> decade. As of the start of 1812, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – The <i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeines_b%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch</a></i> (the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Civil_code" title="Civil code">civil code</a>) enters into force in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>: The French-held fortress of <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Rodrigo" title="Ciudad Rodrigo">Ciudad Rodrigo</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1812)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)">is stormed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Army" title="Anglo-Portuguese Army">Anglo-Portuguese Army</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Earl of Wellington</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – The last <a href="/wiki/1811%E2%80%9312_New_Madrid_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes">New Madrid earthquake</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/New_Madrid,_Missouri" title="New Madrid, Missouri">New Madrid, Missouri</a>, with an estimated <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude</a> of over 8.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> authorizes the usage of <i><a href="/wiki/Mesures_usuelles" title="Mesures usuelles">Mesures usuelles</a></i>, the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – The first Chilean newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Aurora_de_Chile" title="Aurora de Chile">Aurora de Chile</a></i> deals with political philosophy, and stands in favor of the new national government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">Argentine War of Independence</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Belgrano" title="Manuel Belgrano">Manuel Belgrano</a> raises the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Argentina" title="Flag of Argentina">Flag of Argentina</a> (which he designed) in the city of <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>, for the first time.</li> <li>English poet <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> gives his first address as a member of the British <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, in defense of <a href="/wiki/Luddite" title="Luddite">Luddite</a> violence against <a href="/wiki/Industrialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialism">industrialism</a>, in his home county of <a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – Prussia and France sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(24_February_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (24 February 1812)">Treaty of Paris</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – Prussia and Austria sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(14_March_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (14 March 1812)">Treaty of Paris</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luddite" title="Luddite">Luddites</a> attack the <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>-processing factory of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Vickerman" title="Frank Vickerman">Frank Vickerman</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Siege of Badajoz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>): The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Army" title="Anglo-Portuguese Army">Anglo-Portuguese Army</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Earl of Wellington</a>, besieges <a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a>, Spain and forces the surrender of the French garrison.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Cortes of Cádiz">Cortes of Cádiz</a> creates the first modern <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">Spanish constitution</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> <ul><li>In the United States, the <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Gazette" title="Boston Gazette">Boston Gazette</a></i> prints a political cartoon coining the term <i><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymander</a></i>, after former <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a>'s approval (on February 11) of legislation creating oddly shaped electoral districts, designed to help incumbents win re-election.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1812_Caracas_earthquake" title="1812 Caracas earthquake">1812 Caracas earthquake</a> destroys <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> enacts a 90-day <a href="/wiki/Embargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Embargo">embargo</a> on trade with the United Kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – The capital of Finland is moved from <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a> to <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, when Russia's Tsar Alexander I signs an edict moving the Government Council of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> is admitted as the 18th <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bellingham" title="John Bellingham">John Bellingham</a> <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Spencer_Perceval" title="Assassination of Spencer Perceval">assassinates</a> British <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a>, in the lobby of the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">British House of Commons</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – Russian field marshal <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Mikhail Kutuzov</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1812)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1812)">Treaty of Bucharest</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%9312)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–12)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–12)</a> and annexing <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/1812_Felling_mine_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="1812 Felling mine disaster">Felling mine disaster</a>: A mine explosion at the <a href="/wiki/Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Felling, Tyne and Wear">Felling</a> <a href="/wiki/Colliery" class="mw-redirect" title="Colliery">colliery</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jarrow" title="Jarrow">Jarrow</a>, England, leaves 96 dead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: U.S. President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> asks the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">U.S. Congress</a> to declare war on the United Kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – Following <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>'s admittance as a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>, the territory by that name is renamed the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri Territory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – New York State charters the City Bank of New York (later <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> between the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom begins with <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_upon_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom">US declaration</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – France <a href="/wiki/1812_French_declaration_of_war_on_Russia" title="1812 French declaration of war on Russia">declared war on Russia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Neman_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman River">Neman River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">invades Russia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – Americans invade Canada at <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_Patriotic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia's Patriotic War">Russia's Patriotic War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klyastitsy" title="Battle of Klyastitsy">Battle of Klyastitsy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Kulnev" title="Yakov Kulnev">Kulnev</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oudinot" title="Nicolas Oudinot">Oudinot</a>, but sustains a mortal wound.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a> meet each other in <a href="/wiki/Teplice" title="Teplice">Teplice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamanca" title="Battle of Salamanca">Battle of Salamanca</a>: British forces led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">the Earl of Wellington</a> defeat French troops near <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indian</a> force ambushes <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Van_Horne" title="Thomas Van Horne">Thomas Van Horne</a>'s 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>: The combined English and Portuguese army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a> enters <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamanca" title="Battle of Salamanca">Battle of Salamanca</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn" title="Battle of Fort Dearborn">Battle of Fort Dearborn</a>: <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a> warriors overrun the United States fort in <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: American General <a href="/wiki/William_Hull" title="William Hull">William Hull</a> surrenders <a href="/wiki/Fort_Shelby_(Michigan)" title="Fort Shelby (Michigan)">Fort Detroit</a>, without a fight, to the British Army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS <i>Constitution</i></a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Guerriere" title="USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere">defeats</a> the British <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Guerriere_(1806)" title="HMS Guerriere (1806)"><i>Guerriere</i></a>, off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>. The British shot is said to have bounced off <i>Constitution</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Battle of Borodino</a>: The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars ends in a <a href="/wiki/Tactical_victory" title="Tactical victory">tactical victory</a> for Napoleon. There are at least 70,000 casualties, with a minimum of 6,562 dead from the French <a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> alone.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fire_of_Moscow_(1812)" title="Fire of Moscow (1812)">Fire of Moscow</a>: <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s troops enter Moscow, which is deliberately set <a href="/wiki/Fire_of_Moscow_(1812)" title="Fire of Moscow (1812)">on fire</a> by Muscovites, on orders of <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Rostopchin" title="Fyodor Rostopchin">Fyodor Rostopchin</a>. Later accounts report that France lost 40,000 troops during four days of fire between September 17 and 20, and that 20,000 Russian soldiers were killed in what would be described in 1876 as "the greatest example in history of national self-sacrifice for the destruction of an invader."<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: American naval forces under <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Elliott" title="Jesse Elliott">Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott</a> capture two British warships, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Detroit_(1812)" title="HMS Detroit (1812)">HMS <i>Detroit</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Caledonia_(1807)" title="HMS Caledonia (1807)">HMS <i>Caledonia</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – The capital of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, United States, is permanently moved from <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a> to <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Battle of Queenston Heights</a>: As part of the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_campaign" title="Niagara campaign">Niagara campaign</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada, United States forces under General <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Van_Rensselaer" title="Stephen Van Rensselaer">Stephen Van Rensselaer</a> are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops, led by Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brock" title="Isaac Brock">Isaac Brock</a> (who dies during the battle).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a>–<a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Polotsk" title="Second Battle of Polotsk">Second Battle of Polotsk</a> – Russians attack and defeat a Franco-Bavarian force in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> begins his retreat from Moscow.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malet_coup_of_1812" title="Malet coup of 1812">Malet coup of 1812</a>: General <a href="/wiki/Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Malet" title="Claude François de Malet">Claude François de Malet</a> attempts unsuccessfully to overthrow the Napoleonic régime in Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maloyaroslavets" title="Battle of Maloyaroslavets">Battle of Maloyaroslavets</a>: An inconclusive encounter between the French <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">vanguard</a> and a Russian force leads <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyazma" title="Battle of Vyazma">Battle of Vyazma</a>: The rearguard of Napoleon's retreating army is defeated.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812 United States presidential election</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812 United Kingdom general election</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory</a> Party is victorious, under <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnoi" title="Battle of Krasnoi">Battle of Krasnoi</a>: Napoleon's retreating army is again defeated in a series of skirmishes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – The M6.9–7.5 <a href="/wiki/1812_San_Juan_Capistrano_earthquake" title="1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake">San Juan Capistrano earthquake</a> affects <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of VII (<i>Very strong</i>) to IX (<i>Violent</i>), killing 40 parishioners at <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Juan_Capistrano" title="Mission San Juan Capistrano">Mission San Juan Capistrano</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> comes to an end as the remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> are expelled from Russia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – The first volume of <i><a href="/wiki/Grimms%27_Fairy_Tales" title="Grimms' Fairy Tales">Grimms' Fairy Tales</a></i> is published in Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS <i>Constitution</i></a> defeats the British frigate <a href="/wiki/HMS_Java_(1811)" title="HMS Java (1811)">HMS <i>Java</i></a>, off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Tauroggen" title="Convention of Tauroggen">Convention of Tauroggen</a> is signed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Bishop_James_Madison_Society" title="Bishop James Madison Society">Bishop James Madison Society</a> is founded at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Woodford_Reserve" title="Woodford Reserve">Woodford Reserve</a> <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a> <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distillery</a>, established in <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a> along <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn%27s_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn's Creek (page does not exist)">Glenn's Creek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Woodford_County,_Kentucky" title="Woodford County, Kentucky">Woodford County, Kentucky</a>, passes to the control of Oscar Pepper.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ranikot_Fort" title="Ranikot Fort">Ranikot Fort</a> is reconstructed in <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>.</li> <li>Approximate date – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shela" title="Battle of Shela">Battle of Shela</a>: The people of <a href="/wiki/Lamu_Island" title="Lamu Island">Lamu Island</a> are victorious against those from other parts of the <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> coast.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dickens_Gurney_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dickens_Gurney_head.jpg/110px-Dickens_Gurney_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dickens_Gurney_head.jpg/165px-Dickens_Gurney_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dickens_Gurney_head.jpg/220px-Dickens_Gurney_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Wilson,_VP_of_the_United_States.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Henry_Wilson%2C_VP_of_the_United_States.jpg/110px-Henry_Wilson%2C_VP_of_the_United_States.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Henry_Wilson%2C_VP_of_the_United_States.jpg/165px-Henry_Wilson%2C_VP_of_the_United_States.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Henry_Wilson%2C_VP_of_the_United_States.jpg/220px-Henry_Wilson%2C_VP_of_the_United_States.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="2240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_Wood_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Fernando_Wood_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/110px-Fernando_Wood_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Fernando_Wood_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/165px-Fernando_Wood_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Fernando_Wood_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-Fernando_Wood_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="4296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Fernando Wood</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Duchess_of_Abercorn_and_Child_by_Sir_Edwin_Henry_Landseer_(1802-1873).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Duchess_of_Abercorn_and_Child_by_Sir_Edwin_Henry_Landseer_%281802-1873%29.jpg/110px-The_Duchess_of_Abercorn_and_Child_by_Sir_Edwin_Henry_Landseer_%281802-1873%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Duchess_of_Abercorn_and_Child_by_Sir_Edwin_Henry_Landseer_%281802-1873%29.jpg/165px-The_Duchess_of_Abercorn_and_Child_by_Sir_Edwin_Henry_Landseer_%281802-1873%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Duchess_of_Abercorn_and_Child_by_Sir_Edwin_Henry_Landseer_%281802-1873%29.jpg/220px-The_Duchess_of_Abercorn_and_Child_by_Sir_Edwin_Henry_Landseer_%281802-1873%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1054" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Hamilton,_Duchess_of_Abercorn" title="Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn">Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Melchora_Aquino" title="Melchora Aquino">Melchora Aquino</a>, Filipino revolutionary hero (d. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Laprade" title="Victor de Laprade">Victor de Laprade</a>, French poet, critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Fraser_Tolmie" title="William Fraser Tolmie">William Fraser Tolmie</a>, Scottish-Canadian scientist, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, English novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Stephens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Hamilton Stephens">Alexander Hamilton Stephens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Vice President of the Confederate States of America">Vice President of the Confederate States of America</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lewis_Tiffany" title="Charles Lewis Tiffany">Charles Lewis Tiffany</a>, American jeweler, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany & Co.</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nils_Johan_Berlin" title="Nils Johan Berlin">Nils Johan Berlin</a>, Swedish chemist, professor (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Milne_Wilson" title="James Milne Wilson">James Milne Wilson</a>, Premier of Tasmania (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a>, 2-time prime minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a>, English-born architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Lufkin_Dennison" title="Aaron Lufkin Dennison">Aaron Lufkin Dennison</a>, American watch manufacturer (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Stephen Pearl Andrews</a>, American anarchist, abolitionist (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">George Grey</a>, Portugal-born British colonial governor, 11th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of New Zealand">Premier of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pauline_%C3%85hman" title="Pauline Åhman">Pauline Åhman</a>, Swedish harpist (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Caesar_Malan" title="Solomon Caesar Malan">Solomon Caesar Malan</a>, Swiss-born orientalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Frederick Whitaker</a>, English-New Zealand lawyer, politician, 5th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Flotow" title="Friedrich von Flotow">Friedrich von Flotow</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Snow" title="William W. Snow">William W. Snow</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emilie_H%C3%B6gquist" title="Emilie Högquist">Emilie Högquist</a>, Swedish dramatic star (d. <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Madame_Restell" title="Madame Restell">Madame Restell</a>, American abortion provider (d. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning">Robert Browning</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lear" title="Edward Lear">Edward Lear</a>, English artist, nonsense poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Galle" title="Johann Gottfried Galle">Johann Gottfried Galle</a>, German astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_H._Scott" title="Gustavus H. Scott">Gustavus H. Scott</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Fernando Wood</a>, American politician, <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and 2-time <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_de_Rothschild" title="Nathaniel de Rothschild">Nathaniel de Rothschild</a>, French wine grower (d. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louisa_Hamilton,_Duchess_of_Abercorn" title="Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn">Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Rodgers_(American_Civil_War_naval_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rodgers (American Civil War naval officer)">John Rodgers</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Drayton" title="Percival Drayton">Percival Drayton</a>, United States Navy officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Zinin" title="Nikolay Zinin">Nikolay Zinin</a>, Russian organic chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertalan_Szemere" title="Bertalan Szemere">Bertalan Szemere</a>, 3rd Prime Minister of Hungary (d. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">William Fox</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of New Zealand">Premier of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Vespasian_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Herschel Vespasian Johnson">Herschel Vespasian Johnson</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ascanio_Sobrero" title="Ascanio Sobrero">Ascanio Sobrero</a>, Italian chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austin_Flint_I" title="Austin Flint I">Austin Flint I</a>, American cardiologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleardo_Aleardi" title="Aleardo Aleardi">Aleardo Aleardi</a>, Italian poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Jurien_de_La_Gravi%C3%A8re" title="Edmond Jurien de La Gravière">Edmond Jurien de La Gravière</a>, French admiral, naval historian, and biographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Nisser" title="Ana María Martínez de Nisser">Ana María Martínez de Nisser</a>, Colombian heroine and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Varnum_Poor" title="Henry Varnum Poor">Henry Varnum Poor</a>, American financial analyst (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning</a>, British Viceroy of India (d. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Petersen_(painter)" title="Vilhelm Petersen (painter)">Vilhelm Petersen</a>, Danish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Eduard_Zachariae_von_Lingenthal" title="Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal">Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal</a>, German jurist (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spencer_Perceval.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spencer_Perceval.JPG/110px-Spencer_Perceval.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spencer_Perceval.JPG/165px-Spencer_Perceval.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spencer_Perceval.JPG/220px-Spencer_Perceval.JPG 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg/110px-Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg/165px-Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg/220px-Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild" title="Mayer Amschel Rothschild">Mayer Amschel Rothschild</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Craufurd" title="Robert Craufurd">Robert Craufurd</a>, British general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. <a href="/wiki/1764" title="1764">1764</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Titsingh" title="Isaac Titsingh">Isaac Titsingh</a>, Dutch scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador (b. <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Swainson" title="Isaac Swainson">Isaac Swainson</a>, English botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_James_de_Loutherbourg" title="Philip James de Loutherbourg">Philip James de Loutherbourg</a>, English artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Nicholas_(officer)" title="William Nicholas (officer)">William Nicholas (officer)</a>, English army officer, at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Siege of Badajoz</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atkins" title="Michael Atkins">Michael Atkins</a>, Irish actor and theatre manager (b. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States">4th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malone" title="Edmond Malone">Edmond Malone</a>, Irish scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1741" title="1741">1741</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Spencer_Perceval" title="Assassination of Spencer Perceval">assassinated</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1762" title="1762">1762</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Ballard" title="Martha Ballard">Martha Ballard</a>, American diarist and midwife (b. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a> or <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sturt_(1763%E2%80%931812)" title="Charles Sturt (1763–1812)">Charles Sturt</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bellingham" title="John Bellingham">John Bellingham</a>, British assassin of Spencer Perceval (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuela_Gandarillas" title="Manuela Gandarillas">Manuela Gandarillas</a>, Bolivian freedom fighter (born c. 1740s)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victurnien-Jean-Baptiste_de_Rochechouart_de_Mortemart" class="mw-redirect" title="Victurnien-Jean-Baptiste de Rochechouart de Mortemart">Victurnien-Jean-Baptiste de Rochechouart de Mortemart</a>, French general and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Kulnev" title="Yakov Kulnev">Yakov Kulnev</a>, Russian military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Strong_(spy)" title="Anna Strong (spy)">Anna Strong</a>, Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (b. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Mathews (Georgia)">George Mathews</a>, American army officer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bravo_(general_officer)" title="Leonardo Bravo (general officer)">Leonardo Bravo</a>, Mexican general who fought in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican War of Independence</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bravo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Bravo">Nicolas Bravo</a>, executed (b. <a href="/wiki/1764" title="1764">1764</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auguste-Jean-Gabriel_de_Caulaincourt" title="Auguste-Jean-Gabriel de Caulaincourt">Auguste-Jean-Gabriel de Caulaincourt</a>, French general (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild" title="Mayer Amschel Rothschild">Mayer Amschel Rothschild</a>, German banker (b. <a href="/wiki/1744" title="1744">1744</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Schikaneder" title="Emanuel Schikaneder">Emanuel Schikaneder</a>, German dramatist, actor and singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">Pyotr Bagration</a>, Russian general and prince of Georgian origin (b. <a href="/wiki/1765" title="1765">1765</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_Gal%C3%A1n" title="Juana Galán">Juana Galán</a>, Spanish heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brock" title="Isaac Brock">Isaac Brock</a>, British general (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Schneur_Zalman" class="mw-redirect" title="Schneur Zalman">Schneur Zalman</a>, Polish rabbi and founder of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement (b. <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a>, Shoshone guide (b. ca. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Beck_(artist)" title="George Beck (artist)">George Beck</a>, American artist and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1749" title="1749">1749</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810032003/http://www.helsinki200.fi/en/helsinki-1812-2012/1812-emperor-alexander-i-promotes-helsinki-capital-grand-duchy/">"Helsinki 200: 8 April 1812 Emperor Alexander I promotes Helsinki to the capital of the Grand Duchy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki200.fi/en/helsinki-1812-2012/1812-emperor-alexander-i-promotes-helsinki-capital-grand-duchy/">the original</a> on August 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helsinki+200%3A+8+April+1812+Emperor+Alexander+I+promotes+Helsinki+to+the+capital+of+the+Grand+Duchy.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki200.fi%2Fen%2Fhelsinki-1812-2012%2F1812-emperor-alexander-i-promotes-helsinki-capital-grand-duchy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fires-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fires_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fires, Great", in <i>The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance</i>, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Daniel Rupp, <i>History of Lancaster County: To which is Prefixed a Brief Sketch of the Early History of Pennsylvania</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Gilbert Hillis, 1844; reprinted by Heritage Books, 1990) p. 434</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_Page1999" class="citation book cs1">Norman Page (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xf2QqVI19b8C&pg=PA23"><i>Charles Dickens: Family History</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22233-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22233-4"><bdi>978-0-415-22233-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Dickens%3A+Family+History&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-22233-4&rft.au=Norman+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxf2QqVI19b8C%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=foM9AAAAYAAJ"><i>The Ministers Manual: A Study and Pulpit Guide</i></a>. Harper. 1961. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ministers+Manual%3A+A+Study+and+Pulpit+Guide&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfoM9AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The New Kobbé's Opera Book</i>. Ebury Press. 1997. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780091814106" title="Special:BookSources/9780091814106"><bdi>9780091814106</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Kobb%C3%A9%27s+Opera+Book&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Ebury+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780091814106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Bryson1967" class="citation book cs1">John Bryson (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vtjXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Robert Browning</i></a>. British Council and the National Book League. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-01106-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-01106-9"><bdi>978-0-582-01106-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=British+Council+and+the+National+Book+League&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-582-01106-9&rft.au=John+Bryson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvtjXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Lehmann1977" class="citation book cs1">John Lehmann (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0yL9jd5mxkMC"><i>Edward Lear and his World</i></a>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Lear+and+his+World&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1977&rft.au=John+Lehmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0yL9jd5mxkMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oas.org/en/americas/default.asp"><i>Américas</i></a>, vol.52, pp.28, 31, Organization of American States, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexicolindoyquerido.com.mx/mexico2/science/60-biografias-de-la-independencia-de-mexico/1753-biografia-de-leonardo-bravo">"Biografía de Leonardo Bravo"</a> (in Spanish). Mexico Lindo y Querido. April 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biograf%C3%ADa+de+Leonardo+Bravo&rft.pub=Mexico+Lindo+y+Querido&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmexicolindoyquerido.com.mx%2Fmexico2%2Fscience%2F60-biografias-de-la-independencia-de-mexico%2F1753-biografia-de-leonardo-bravo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_Heilprin1885" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Heilprin" title="Louis Heilprin">Louis Heilprin</a> (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89097349187?urlappend=%3Bseq=145">"Chronological Table of Universal History"</a>. <i>Historical Reference Book</i>. New York: D. Appleton and Company. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fwu.89097349187?urlappend=%3Bseq=145">2027/wu.89097349187</a> – via Hathi Trust. <q>1812</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronological+Table+of+Universal+History&rft.btitle=Historical+Reference+Book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1885&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fwu.89097349187%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D145&rft.au=Louis+Heilprin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fwu.89097349187%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1812&oldid=1241345601">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1812&oldid=1241345601</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812" title="Category:1812">1812</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar">Leap years in the Gregorian calendar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_November_2015" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2015">Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 August 2024, at 17:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1812&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rf9q5","wgBackendResponseTime":245,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.624","walltime":"0.896","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5580,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":52131,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3181,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":38,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":48522,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 758.925 1 -total"," 27.20% 206.404 1 Template:C19_year_in_topic"," 18.30% 138.902 1 Template:Year_article_header"," 17.62% 133.723 1 Template:Year_nav"," 16.93% 128.462 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.95% 113.447 1 Template:Year_article_header/zc"," 12.80% 97.153 1 Template:Lang"," 12.42% 94.266 1 Template:Sidebar"," 10.40% 78.938 2 Template:Cite_web"," 9.99% 75.809 2 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.342","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17259706,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ckrcl","timestamp":"20241122142309","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1812","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1812","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6933","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6933","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-25T11:53:57Z","dateModified":"2024-08-20T17:25:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/ca\/Siege_of_Badajoz%2C_by_Richard_Caton_Woodville_Jr.jpg","headline":"year"}</script> </body> </html>