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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English legal case concerning common law copyright</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Millar v Taylor</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_books_by_bionicteaching.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Old_books_by_bionicteaching.jpg/180px-Old_books_by_bionicteaching.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Old_books_by_bionicteaching.jpg/270px-Old_books_by_bionicteaching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Old_books_by_bionicteaching.jpg/360px-Old_books_by_bionicteaching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">20 April 1769</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data">4 Burr. 2303, 98 ER 201</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judges sitting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield">Lord Mansfield</a>, Aston J, Willes J, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Yates" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Yates">Sir Joseph Yates</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Keywords</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">copyright, monopolies</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Millar v Taylor</b></i> (1769) 4 Burr. 2303, 98 ER 201<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/English_court" class="mw-redirect" title="English court">English court</a> decision that held there is a perpetual <a href="/wiki/Common_law_copyright" title="Common law copyright">common law copyright</a> and that no works ever enter the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. It represented a major victory for the bookseller monopolies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facts">Facts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Facts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Millar" title="Andrew Millar">Andrew Millar</a> was a bookseller who in 1729, had purchased the publishing rights to <a href="/wiki/James_Thomson_(poet,_born_1700)" title="James Thomson (poet, born 1700)">James Thomson</a>'s poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(Thomson)" title="The Seasons (Thomson)">The Seasons</a></i>. After the term of the exclusive rights granted under the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Anne" title="Statute of Anne">Statute of Anne</a> expired, Robert Taylor began publishing his own competing publication, which contained Thomson's poem. </p><p>Following the creation of the first statutory copyright law in 1710 (via the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Anne" title="Statute of Anne">Statute of Anne</a>), as rights belonging to an author (rather than to printers or publishers), the lapse of the Licensing Act 1662 in 1695 and Parliament's refusal to renew the licensing regime (1695), the practice of the English publishing <a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">oligopoly</a> had not changed much. Though the purpose of the new law was to break up the monopolies that had been created by the <a href="/wiki/English_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="English Crown">English Crown</a> – which had served, in part, as a basis for the previous <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> – there had been relatively little success in weakening the hold of the <a href="/wiki/Stationers%27_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Stationers' Company">Stationers' Company</a> over the publishing industry. Despite the Statute of Anne's changes to the <a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">statutory law</a>, some publishers continued to claim perpetual publishing rights under <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>. Starting in the 1740s, London booksellers presented that argument in a series of court cases, after they had failed to convince Parliament to extend the statutory term of copyright. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judgment">Judgment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judgment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(England)" title="Court of King's Bench (England)">Court of the King's Bench</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield">Lord Mansfield</a> (with Aston and Willes JJ concurring in judgment, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Yates" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Yates">Sir Joseph Yates</a> dissenting), sided with the publishers, finding that common law rights were not extinguished by the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Anne" title="Statute of Anne">Statute of Anne</a>. Under Mansfield's ruling, the publishers had a perpetual common law right to publish a work for which they had acquired the rights. Thus, no amount of time would cause the work to pass to the public. The ruling essentially found that some works would have a perpetual term of <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>, by holding that when the statutory rights granted by the statute expired, the publisher was still left with common law rights to the work. Although this would greatly extend the control of the rights holder this would not extinguish the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> since there would still be works unaffected by the ruling, and the public domain extends to unprotected elements in protected works. Millar died shortly after the ruling, and it was never appealed. </p><p>As an English court, however, the court's decision did not extend to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, where a reprint industry continued to thrive. The existence of a common-law copyright, however, was later rejected by a <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">Scottish court</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Hinton_v_Donaldson" title="Hinton v Donaldson">Hinton v Donaldson</a></i>. Perpetual copyright was ultimately resolved against the London publishing monopolies in the landmark case of <i><a href="/wiki/Donaldson_v_Beckett" class="mw-redirect" title="Donaldson v Beckett">Donaldson v Beckett</a></i>. Despite being overturned, the case of <i>Millar v Taylor</i> remains an important case in the development and <a href="/wiki/History_of_copyright" title="History of copyright">history of copyright</a> law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Copyright law of the United Kingdom">Copyright law of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_copyright" title="History of copyright">History of copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="List of leading legal cases in copyright law">List of leading legal cases in copyright law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonlii.org/uk/cases/EngR/1769/44.pdf">Millar v Taylor (1769)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_2">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldstein_(law_professor)" title="Paul Goldstein (law professor)">Paul Goldstein</a>. <i>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox.</i> New York: Hill and Wang, 1994.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a>. <i>Free Culture</i>. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Ray_Patterson" title="Lyman Ray Patterson">Lyman Ray Patterson</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Copyright_in_Historical_Perspective" title="Copyright in Historical Perspective">Copyright in Historical Perspective</a></i>. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.</li> <li>Lyman Ray Patterson and Stanley W. Lindberg. <i>The Nature of Copyright: A Law of Users' Rights</i>. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1991.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&oldid=1234400633">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millar_v_Taylor&oldid=1234400633</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769_in_case_law" title="Category:1769 in case law">1769 in case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769_in_British_law" title="Category:1769 in British law">1769 in British law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lord_Mansfield_cases" title="Category:Lord Mansfield cases">Lord Mansfield cases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom_copyright_case_law" title="Category:United Kingdom copyright case law">United Kingdom copyright case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(England)_cases" title="Category:Court of King's Bench (England) cases">Court of King's Bench (England) cases</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 July 2024, at 04:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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