CINXE.COM

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_16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="5">Connect</div><h1 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb177 _16jmeqbss _16jmeqbta _16jmeqb16j _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="2">Three key principles for an accessible website</h1><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17f _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md"> June 20, 2023 </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17f _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md">By Astrid Van Hoeydonck, Ted Gies</p></div></div><div class="_99wljg4c _16jmeqb19j"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqbu4 _16jmeqbuw _16jmeqbvo _16jmeqbwg" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=1070&amp;q=90" alt="An illustration depicting a female librarian standing at a computer terminal typing on a keyboard and using screen magnification to access Scopus research database. " width="1070" height="560" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 70vw, (min-width: 1024px) 740px, 100vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=640&amp;q=90 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=750&amp;q=90 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=828&amp;q=90 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=1080&amp;q=90 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=1200&amp;q=90 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=1920&amp;q=90 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=2048&amp;q=90 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=3840&amp;q=90 3840w" decoding="async" loading="eager"/></div></div></div></div></div><script data-testid="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"Article","author":{"@type":"Person","name":["Astrid Van Hoeydonck, Ted Gies"]},"datePublished":"2023-06-20","description":"","headline":"Three key principles for an accessible website","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6ubqSe19RyKjzf5u7rA1d6/c5259eefb2ec34ff82b18f996b59b70b/ELS-accessibility-editorial-illustration.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Elsevier","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"/images/elsevier-logo.svg"}}}</script><div class="_166ug2a0"><div class="_16jmeqbj0 _16jmeqbkw _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljgg)"><div class="_1nfzesk0 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="lg"><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w"><i><b>Accessibility experts on the ScienceDirect team share their approach to making Elsevier’s research platform accessible to people with disabilities</b></i></p></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbj8 _16jmeqbj9 _16jmeqbje _16jmeqbl4 _16jmeqbl5 _16jmeqbla _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><div class="article-rtf _1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljgg)"><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md"><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbiy _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbku _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">The world has benefited greatly from scientists with disabilities. Florence Seibert, a mobility impaired polio survivor, invented the first reliable tuberculosis test, which is still used today. Dr Temple Grandin, an animal scientist with autism, is renowned for developing more humane and efficient farming techniques. Dr Cecilia von Beroldingen, a forensic scientist who is blind, developed a DNA typing system for single hairs. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">The <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18z _16jmeqb1er _16jmeqb1ew" href="https://sciencedirect.com" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">ScienceDirect<span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> <!-- -->opens in new tab/window</span></span></a> team are honored that our platform hosts articles published by these remarkable scientists as part of its corpus of 20+ million scientific articles and 45,000+ eBooks. It is therefore our responsibility to ensure that scientists’ contributions are published in the most accessible manner. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Scientific information in books and journals needs to be accessible — designed to be universally usable so that people with disabilities can consume and contribute to research. Accessible design is a deliberate practice whereby a person with a disability can access a service as fully, equally and independently as a person without a disability.</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">But how do you know if online journals and books are accessible? What tools and methods would lead to a website being declared “accessible”? </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Thankfully there are dozens of free accessibility evaluation tools that make it easy to identify issues automatically. This includes the <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18z _16jmeqb1er _16jmeqb1ew" href="https://wave.webaim.org/extension/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">WAVE Tool<span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> <!-- -->opens in new tab/window</span></span></a> developed by <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18z _16jmeqb1er _16jmeqb1ew" href="https://webaim.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">WebAIM<span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> <!-- -->opens in new tab/window</span></span></a> (Web Accessibility in Mind), a nonprofit organization at Utah State University. WAVE is a popular browser extension that quickly highlights issues that could prevent a person with a disability from using a website. As part of our accessibility journey, we’ve employed WAVE and other testing tools, setting a goal to eliminate all accessibility barriers reported by these tools.</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">This year we were happy to achieve 0 WAVE errors on 2 key pages: the ScienceDirect homepage and the article page. This achievement helped Science Direct reach the <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18z _16jmeqb1er _16jmeqb1ew" href="https://webaim.org/projects/million/lookup?domain=sciencedirect.com" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">#1 spot in the 2023 WebAIM Million<span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> <!-- -->opens in new tab/window</span></span></a>. This is remarkable considering that across the sample of the 1 million most popular websites, there was an average of 50 errors per page and a 10% increase in errors compared to last year. We would like to congratulate the other 3.7% of websites in the sample which also achieved 0 WAVE errors. </p></div></div></div><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljgg)"><figure class=""><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbko _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/5SN45AbQVrFwA0UVuF81bj/875b73e023cd8c279ca796c47bca2cd4/ScienceDirect-homepage-with-WAVE-tool.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=780&amp;q=75" alt="The ScienceDirect homepage with the WAVE tool indicating 0 accessibility errors." width="780" height="367" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/5SN45AbQVrFwA0UVuF81bj/875b73e023cd8c279ca796c47bca2cd4/ScienceDirect-homepage-with-WAVE-tool.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=780&amp;q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/5SN45AbQVrFwA0UVuF81bj/875b73e023cd8c279ca796c47bca2cd4/ScienceDirect-homepage-with-WAVE-tool.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=1560&amp;q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><figcaption class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17f _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">The ScienceDirect homepage with the WAVE tool indicating 0 accessibility errors.</p></div></div></figcaption></div></figure></div><div class="article-rtf _1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljgg)"><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md"><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbiy _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbku _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">As much as we are proud of this result, the WebAIM #1 ranking does not mean we are done with accessibility, nor does it mean the platform is error free. Instead, we see it as a testament to our commitment to accessibility over the past 20 years and additional motivation to reinforce our efforts towards making ScienceDirect one of the most accessible platforms of peer-reviewed scholarly literature. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">We are actively working to remediate other issues found through our comprehensive testing regimen and are committed to aligning to the <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18z _16jmeqb1er _16jmeqb1ew" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines<span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> <!-- -->opens in new tab/window</span></span></a> while ensuring the best possible accessible user experience. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Achieving an accessible user experience requires a lot more than just using automated testing tools. The multidisciplinary team behind ScienceDirect employs a mix of automated, manual, and human subject tests regularly to ensure content and features are usable and accessible. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Here are three key principles underpinning our approach to accessibility:</p><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb177 _16jmeqbss _16jmeqbta _16jmeqb16j _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="2">1. Embed accessibility across your team</h2><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Accessibility needs to be embraced by everyone on the team. A key component of the ScienceDirect approach to accessibility is our accessibility guild, comprised of accessibility champions representing all teams and roles. The role of the accessibility guild is to share and foster best practices. Guild members are encouraged to take accessibility training and share knowledge of how to design and test for accessibility.</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Champions share knowledge and tools and work together to make sure we develop a compliant and usable platform. For example, UX champions make sure designs have sufficient contrast and that text labels are intuitive and consistent. Engineers write well-structured and screen reader friendly code (e.g., headings, landmarks, labels, tables). Quality Engineers conduct tests to ensure that no bugs creep in which could make the site less accessible. And finally, Product Managers help promote accessibility within the business and prioritize feature enhancements.</p><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb177 _16jmeqbss _16jmeqbta _16jmeqb16j _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="2">2. Involve users in your design and testing</h2><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Beyond complying with standards, a great indicator of accessibility is whether a person with a disability can use your site. In 2001, ScienceDirect undertook its first usability testing with a student who was blind who navigated the site with a text to speech program. Since then, we have continued to test our platform on a regular basis with people who experience disability. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">On the latest session, we sat with five researchers, each on a one-hour Zoom call, and asked them to carry out their regular research tasks, sharing their audio so we could hear what they hear from their screen readers. In this kind of exercise, you really start to think about usability. You can build a site that meets accessibility standards, but when you hear that someone is unable to conduct a search, you understand the barrier, you can fix it, and you can build a better experience. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">User testing is a great way of building empathy and helping our team understand the importance of the work that they are doing and the impact it has on a user if something is not accessible. Another benefit to user testing is learning unexpected insights which can lead to innovative ideas to help all users. </p><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb177 _16jmeqbss _16jmeqbta _16jmeqb16j _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="2">3. Look through different disability lenses</h2></div></div></div><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljgg)"><figure class=""><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbko _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4aMlWRnEd3hsR8TVmoLtzP/8a427cb0bbe8a53ec3bbf12118f70391/Ray-Watson-persona-670px.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=670&amp;q=75" alt="An illustration depicting a seated researcher using voice input to author a paper on a computer. The researcher is a female and has a speech bubble with a computer command: ‘Italicize The Lancet.’" width="670" height="397" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4aMlWRnEd3hsR8TVmoLtzP/8a427cb0bbe8a53ec3bbf12118f70391/Ray-Watson-persona-670px.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=670&amp;q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4aMlWRnEd3hsR8TVmoLtzP/8a427cb0bbe8a53ec3bbf12118f70391/Ray-Watson-persona-670px.jpg?fm=webp&amp;w=1340&amp;q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><figcaption class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17f _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">“Ryan Watson” is one of the personas developed by Elsevier’s web accessibility team. Ryan is a health sciences researcher with a cognitive disability due to Long COVID. They use speech-to-text software to transcribe notes and send emails to coworkers. </p></div></div></figcaption></div></figure></div><div class="article-rtf _1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljgg)"><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md"><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbiy _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbku _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Our accessibility team examines what it is like to use a website feature through different disability lenses. When it comes to websites, people tend to think a lot about screen readers and users with partial or total vision loss. That is important, of course, and we take steps to ensure that ScienceDirect is usable for someone enlarging the screen to 400% or using a screen reader. But there are a lot of other disabilities to consider, and that is where taking disabilities into account through personas comes into play.</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">With a better understanding of end user needs and pain points, we have developed user personas — a design tool that creates empathy and informed design decisions. Elsevier has created at least eight personas based on members of our researcher community who experience disability. For example, “Kayla Howard,” a university librarian who is visually impaired, uses screen magnification and text-to-speech to help in her role helping students to find sources for academic papers. Her image is at the top of this story.</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Other examples of personas include a scientific researcher with hand tremors who struggles with using a mouse, so we look at how easy it is to navigate the site using a keyboard. And “Ryan Watson” (pictured above), a health sciences researcher with a cognitive disability due to Long COVID, uses speech-to-text software such as <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18z _16jmeqb1er _16jmeqb1ew" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJKQmTumFP0" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Dragon Naturally Speaking<span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> <!-- -->opens in new tab/window</span></span></a> to transcribe notes and send emails to coworkers and a digital notetaking program to send themself reminders and take notes during meetings.</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">While everyone benefits from a site with consistent layouts and terminology, people with cognitive disabilities will be especially impacted when it is not done right. There are many people on the disability spectrum, and we are continually learning how to meet specific end user needs. We will continue to expand our personas as we learn from usability research together with the disability community.</p><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb177 _16jmeqbss _16jmeqbta _16jmeqb16j _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="2">Good web accessibility means a better experience for all</h2><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">In the end, efforts to make a website accessible benefit all users. For example, where closed captions are a necessity for people with hearing loss, they also make for a better user experience for everyone. Many people, particularly non-native speakers of a language, report that captions enhance their comprehension when watching a video. Captions also enhance the user experience by making it possible for anyone to interact with video and audio content in contexts where it is not possible to play audio, such as in a public setting. Transcripts may be provided with accessibility in mind, but they also come in handy for people without vision loss who want to quickly get a sense of a video’s contents by scanning the text prior to, or without having to, watching it in full. </p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Including alt text for images is also beneficial for image search and image visibility in search engines. Text descriptions of images allow search engines to understand them better and match them to more user queries, making the images easier to discover. </p><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb177 _16jmeqbss _16jmeqbta _16jmeqb16j _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="2">The journey continues</h2><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16w">Above all else, if there is one thing that working in accessibility has taught us, it’s that you are never done. Accessibility is a journey, not a destination, and the WebAIM ranking is a milestone on this important journey. We are currently working on several content enhancements around videos, images and PDFs. 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","width":1070,"height":560},"imageAttribution":null,"readingTime":null,"author":"Astrid Van Hoeydonck, Ted Gies"}},"15890209-441e-4e56-b98c-aaf7fc13f889":{"props":{"intro":{"document":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Accessibility experts on the ScienceDirect team share their approach to making Elsevier’s research platform accessible to people with disabilities","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"}},"body":[{"id":"5gPnGQpR5hn4DLP4govEjk","contentProps":{"typeName":"RegionalRichTextFull","props":{"document":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The world has benefited greatly from scientists with disabilities. Florence Seibert, a mobility impaired polio survivor, invented the first reliable tuberculosis test, which is still used today. Dr Temple Grandin, an animal scientist with autism, is renowned for developing more humane and efficient farming techniques. Dr Cecilia von Beroldingen, a forensic scientist who is blind, developed a DNA typing system for single hairs. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://sciencedirect.com"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"ScienceDirect","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" team are honored that our platform hosts articles published by these remarkable scientists as part of its corpus of 20+ million scientific articles and 45,000+ eBooks. It is therefore our responsibility to ensure that scientists’ contributions are published in the most accessible manner. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific information in books and journals needs to be accessible — designed to be universally usable so that people with disabilities can consume and contribute to research. Accessible design is a deliberate practice whereby a person with a disability can access a service as fully, equally and independently as a person without a disability.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"But how do you know if online journals and books are accessible? What tools and methods would lead to a website being declared “accessible”? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thankfully there are dozens of free accessibility evaluation tools that make it easy to identify issues automatically. This includes the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://wave.webaim.org/extension/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"WAVE Tool","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" developed by ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://webaim.org/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"WebAIM","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" (Web Accessibility in Mind), a nonprofit organization at Utah State University. WAVE is a popular browser extension that quickly highlights issues that could prevent a person with a disability from using a website. As part of our accessibility journey, we’ve employed WAVE and other testing tools, setting a goal to eliminate all accessibility barriers reported by these tools.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This year we were happy to achieve 0 WAVE errors on 2 key pages: the ScienceDirect homepage and the article page. This achievement helped Science Direct reach the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://webaim.org/projects/million/lookup?domain=sciencedirect.com"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"#1 spot in the 2023 WebAIM Million","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". This is remarkable considering that across the sample of the 1 million most popular websites, there was an average of 50 errors per page and a 10% increase in errors compared to last year. We would like to congratulate the other 3.7% of websites in the sample which also achieved 0 WAVE errors. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"imageWithCaption":{"image":{"src":"","alt":"","width":0,"height":0},"caption":null},"callToActionLink":null}}},{"id":"4VmF0mrxkozW7FfdvWaJ8a","contentProps":{"typeName":"RegionalImageWithCaption","props":{"caption":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The ScienceDirect homepage with the WAVE tool indicating 0 accessibility errors.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/5SN45AbQVrFwA0UVuF81bj/875b73e023cd8c279ca796c47bca2cd4/ScienceDirect-homepage-with-WAVE-tool.jpg","alt":"The ScienceDirect homepage with the WAVE tool indicating 0 accessibility errors.","width":780,"height":367}}}},{"id":"6LSvI1IUGHB3ytrywPiwcA","contentProps":{"typeName":"RegionalRichTextFull","props":{"document":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"As much as we are proud of this result, the WebAIM #1 ranking does not mean we are done with accessibility, nor does it mean the platform is error free. Instead, we see it as a testament to our commitment to accessibility over the past 20 years and additional motivation to reinforce our efforts towards making ScienceDirect one of the most accessible platforms of peer-reviewed scholarly literature. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"We are actively working to remediate other issues found through our comprehensive testing regimen and are committed to aligning to the ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" while ensuring the best possible accessible user experience. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Achieving an accessible user experience requires a lot more than just using automated testing tools. The multidisciplinary team behind ScienceDirect employs a mix of automated, manual, and human subject tests regularly to ensure content and features are usable and accessible. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Here are three key principles underpinning our approach to accessibility:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"1. Embed accessibility across your team","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Accessibility needs to be embraced by everyone on the team. A key component of the ScienceDirect approach to accessibility is our accessibility guild, comprised of accessibility champions representing all teams and roles. The role of the accessibility guild is to share and foster best practices. Guild members are encouraged to take accessibility training and share knowledge of how to design and test for accessibility.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Champions share knowledge and tools and work together to make sure we develop a compliant and usable platform. For example, UX champions make sure designs have sufficient contrast and that text labels are intuitive and consistent. Engineers write well-structured and screen reader friendly code (e.g., headings, landmarks, labels, tables). Quality Engineers conduct tests to ensure that no bugs creep in which could make the site less accessible. And finally, Product Managers help promote accessibility within the business and prioritize feature enhancements.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"2. Involve users in your design and testing","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Beyond complying with standards, a great indicator of accessibility is whether a person with a disability can use your site. In 2001, ScienceDirect undertook its first usability testing with a student who was blind who navigated the site with a text to speech program. Since then, we have continued to test our platform on a regular basis with people who experience disability. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"On the latest session, we sat with five researchers, each on a one-hour Zoom call, and asked them to carry out their regular research tasks, sharing their audio so we could hear what they hear from their screen readers. In this kind of exercise, you really start to think about usability. You can build a site that meets accessibility standards, but when you hear that someone is unable to conduct a search, you understand the barrier, you can fix it, and you can build a better experience. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"User testing is a great way of building empathy and helping our team understand the importance of the work that they are doing and the impact it has on a user if something is not accessible. Another benefit to user testing is learning unexpected insights which can lead to innovative ideas to help all users. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"3. 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