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class="mw-page-title-main">Jay Hammond</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جای هاموند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جای هاموند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jay Hammond" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jay Hammond" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jay Hammond" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jay Hammond" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ג'יי המונד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יי המונד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jay Hammond" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jay Hammond" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jay Hammond" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Governor of Alaska from 1974 to 1982</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jay Hammond</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jay_Hammond_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jay_Hammond_1975.jpg/220px-Jay_Hammond_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jay_Hammond_1975.jpg/330px-Jay_Hammond_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jay_Hammond_1975.jpg/440px-Jay_Hammond_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1951" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Hammond in 1975</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 2, 1974 – December 6, 1982</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Thomas_Jr." title="Lowell Thomas Jr.">Lowell Thomas Jr.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Terry_Miller_(politician)" title="Terry Miller (politician)">Terry Miller</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Egan" title="William A. Egan">Bill Egan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sheffield" title="Bill Sheffield">Bill Sheffield</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Alaska Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 11, 1971 – January 8, 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Brad Phillips</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Miller_(politician)" title="Terry Miller (politician)">Terry Miller</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Alaska Senate</a></span><br />from the H district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 23, 1967 – January 8, 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yule_F._Kilcher" title="Yule F. Kilcher">Yule F. Kilcher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Hohman" title="George Hohman">George Hohman</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a></span><br />from the 13th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 28, 1963 – January 25, 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Gilbert A. Jarvela<br />Peter M. Deveau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Joseph E. McGill</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a></span><br />from the 15th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 26, 1959 – January 28, 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">District created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Grant H. Pearson</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jay Sterner Hammond</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1922-07-21</span>)</span>July 21, 1922<br /><a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 2, 2005<span style="display:none">(2005-08-02)</span> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/Port_Alsworth,_Alaska" title="Port Alsworth, Alaska">Port Alsworth, Alaska</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1958–1960)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bella_Hammond" title="Bella Hammond">Bella Gardiner</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1952)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska, Fairbanks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jay_Hammond_signature_82prm.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jay Hammond's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jay_Hammond_signature_82prm.JPG/128px-Jay_Hammond_signature_82prm.JPG" decoding="async" width="128" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jay_Hammond_signature_82prm.JPG/192px-Jay_Hammond_signature_82prm.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jay_Hammond_signature_82prm.JPG/256px-Jay_Hammond_signature_82prm.JPG 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="163" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/VMA-214" class="mw-redirect" title="VMA-214">Black Sheep Squadron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jay Sterner Hammond</b> (July 21, 1922 – August 2, 2005) was an American politician of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, who served as the fourth <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alaska">governor of Alaska</a> from 1974 to 1982. Hammond was born in Troy, New York and served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> fighter pilot in World War II with the <a href="/wiki/VMA-214" class="mw-redirect" title="VMA-214">Black Sheep Squadron</a>. In 1946, he moved to Alaska where he worked as a bush pilot. Hammond served as a state representative from 1959 to 1965 and as a state senator from 1967 to 1973. From 1972 until 1974 he was the mayor of the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bay_Borough,_Alaska" title="Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska">Bristol Bay Borough</a>. Then, in 1974, he was elected <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> of Alaska. </p><p>He oversaw the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Permanent_Fund" title="Alaska Permanent Fund">Alaska Permanent Fund</a> in 1976, which, since the early 1980s, has paid annual dividends to Alaska residents. He advocated for <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">fiscal responsibility</a>. When his tenure as governor was over, he continued to be active in public life. He advocated for environmentally and fiscally responsible government and individual civic responsibility. From 1985 to 1992 he hosted a television series called Jay Hammond's Alaska. He wrote three autobiographies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jay Sterner Hammond was born in <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy, New York</a> in 1922. Hammond studied <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">petroleum engineering</a> at <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State University">Penn State University</a>, where he was a member of <a href="/wiki/Triangle_Fraternity" title="Triangle Fraternity">Triangle Fraternity</a>. He later served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_pilot" title="Fighter pilot">fighter pilot</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> with the <a href="/wiki/VMA-214" class="mw-redirect" title="VMA-214">Black Sheep Squadron</a>, and in China, until 1946. That year, Hammond moved to Alaska where he worked as a <a href="/wiki/Bush_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bush pilot">bush pilot</a> and earned a degree in <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biological sciences</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska</a>. </p><p>Hammond had one daughter, Wendy, with his first wife, but that marriage ended in divorce. In 1952, Hammond married his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Bella_Hammond" title="Bella Hammond">Bella Gardiner</a>, with whom he had two daughters, Heidi and Dana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska_Legislature">Alaska Legislature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alaska Legislature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hammond served as a <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">state representative</a> from 1959 to 1965 and as a <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">state senator</a> from 1967 to 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammond served in the <a href="/wiki/1st_Alaska_State_Legislature" title="1st Alaska State Legislature">1st Alaska State Legislature</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a>, joining thirty-four <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and five Republicans in the forty-member House. At the time, Hammond believed that a Republican could not be elected in that particular time and place, but that he could not envision running as a Democrat on account of his upbringing and background. He did serve as a Republican in subsequent legislatures, however. He was Senate President in his final two years in the legislature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bristol_Bay_Borough">Bristol Bay Borough</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bristol Bay Borough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hammond was the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bay_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Bay Borough">Bristol Bay Borough</a> from 1972 to 1974. He also served as the borough's manager during his time away from the legislature in the 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor_of_Alaska">Governor of Alaska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governor of Alaska"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: His primary election contests versus <a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Wally Hickel</a>, in particular his win by 98 votes over Hickel in 1978. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hammond was elected governor in 1974 in a close result over incumbent <a href="/wiki/William_A._Egan" title="William A. Egan">William A. Egan</a>. The race was complicated by two major factors, amongst others. One was a reversal of roles of sorts, where Hammond and his running mate <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Thomas_Jr." title="Lowell Thomas Jr.">Lowell Thomas Jr.</a> were identified as conservationists, confusing and splitting the traditional party base. The other was the appearance, for the first time, of a substantial third-party candidate, Fairbanks miner and real estate developer <a href="/wiki/Joe_Vogler" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Vogler">Joe Vogler</a>. Vogler's open contempt for the environmental movement created a further voter rift which no doubt helped Hammond. </p><p>As governor during the biggest economic boom in Alaska's history, the <a href="/wiki/Construction_of_the_Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System" title="Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System">construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System</a>, Hammond oversaw the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Permanent_Fund" title="Alaska Permanent Fund">Alaska Permanent Fund</a>. The concept of the Permanent Fund, originally championed in 1969 by then-governor <a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Keith Miller</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Times" title="Anchorage Times">Anchorage Times</a></i> publisher and editor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Atwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Atwood">Robert Atwood</a> on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Prudhoe Bay">Prudhoe Bay</a> oil lease sale, lay dormant for years as a result of the legislature spending the proceeds of the lease sale and construction delays associated with the pipeline. During his first term as governor, Hammond, along with a young state representative from <a href="/wiki/Kenai,_Alaska" title="Kenai, Alaska">Kenai</a> named Hugh Malone, conceived a program to invest <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a> to cover future state <a href="/wiki/Budget" title="Budget">budget</a> shortfalls as well as create a long-term savings account. Alaska voters approved a constitutional amendment establishing the Permanent Fund in 1976, one of the rare exceptions to the constitutional intent of not dedicating funds for a specific purpose. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:473px;max-width:473px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Palmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bob_Palmer.jpg/97px-Bob_Palmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bob_Palmer.jpg/146px-Bob_Palmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bob_Palmer.jpg/194px-Bob_Palmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="369" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:96px;max-width:96px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andy_Warwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Andy_Warwick.jpg/94px-Andy_Warwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Andy_Warwick.jpg/141px-Andy_Warwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Andy_Warwick.jpg/188px-Andy_Warwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ed_Orbeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ed_Orbeck.jpg/87px-Ed_Orbeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ed_Orbeck.jpg/131px-Ed_Orbeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ed_Orbeck.jpg/174px-Ed_Orbeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helen_Beirne_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Helen_Beirne_1975.jpg/96px-Helen_Beirne_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Helen_Beirne_1975.jpg/144px-Helen_Beirne_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Helen_Beirne_1975.jpg/192px-Helen_Beirne_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="618" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:81px;max-width:81px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keith_Specking_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Keith_Specking_1977.jpg/79px-Keith_Specking_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Keith_Specking_1977.jpg/119px-Keith_Specking_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Keith_Specking_1977.jpg/158px-Keith_Specking_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="858" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">When Hammond defeated Egan for the governorship in 1974, he recruited a number of legislators to serve in his cabinet and in the governor's office. From left: senator W. I. "Bob" Palmer (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ninilchik,_Alaska" title="Ninilchik, Alaska">Ninilchik</a>; chief of staff and later policy advisor), representative Andy Warwick (R-<a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a>; commissioner of administration) and representative-elect Ed Orbeck (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>-Fairbanks; <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Department_of_Labor_and_Workforce_Development" title="Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development">commissioner of labor</a>) joined the Hammond administration at the onset. Representatives Helen Dittman Beirne (R-<a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Department_of_Health_and_Social_Services" title="Alaska Department of Health and Social Services">commissioner of health and social services</a>) and Keith Specking (R-<a href="/wiki/Hope,_Alaska" title="Hope, Alaska">Hope</a>; policy advisor) both left the legislature to join the administration two years later.</div></div></div></div> <p>Since the early 1980s, the Permanent Fund has paid annual <a href="/wiki/Dividends" class="mw-redirect" title="Dividends">dividends</a> to Alaska residents, under a program in which credit has been variously given to, or taken by, Hammond, Malone, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> state representative <a href="/wiki/Dick_Randolph" title="Dick Randolph">Dick Randolph</a> and numerous other Alaskan politicians of the day. At around the same time, Alaska eliminated its state income tax. Hammond is often erroneously credited for this; in fact, he was actually staunchly opposed to the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-newbook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elimination of the income tax was actually championed by Randolph, who persuaded his fellow legislators to pass the bill after mounting an <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">initiative</a> to force a public vote should the legislature not act. A 1980 episode of the <a href="/wiki/Public_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Public television">public television</a> program <i>Alaska Review</i> (currently held in the collections of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Film_Archives" title="Alaska Film Archives">Alaska Film Archives</a>) prominently featured an edited "debate" between Hammond and Randolph on the subject, centered on the fact that Alaska faced a one-billion-dollar budget surplus that year. </p><p>As governor, Hammond advocated for fiscal responsibility, and introduced an <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Constitution">Alaska Constitution</a> limiting state spending. This was mocked by one legislator as "Spendy Limitation," with an accompanying elegant and obfuscatory statement mimicking Hammond's unique way with the English language. He advocated for another constitutional amendment providing for governors to serve a single 6-year term without possibility of further service. He felt it would allow governors a free hand in accomplishing their goals. He also championed a program which opened large amounts of state-owned lands near <a href="/wiki/Delta_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta Junction">Delta Junction</a> for agricultural use. While greater aspects of the program have been variously condemned as a "<a href="/wiki/Boondoggle_(project)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boondoggle (project)">boondoggle</a>" over the years, Delta Junction has managed to emerge as one of the larger agricultural producing communities in Alaska. He also vigorously fought with the legislature over power struggles between the two branches of government, culminating with four proposed constitutional amendments on the 1980 ballot, all of which failed by large margins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jay_Hammond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jay_Hammond.jpg/175px-Jay_Hammond.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jay_Hammond.jpg/263px-Jay_Hammond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jay_Hammond.jpg/350px-Jay_Hammond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Hammond during the last year of his life</figcaption></figure> <p>After his tenure as governor, Hammond continued to be active in public life. He advocated for environmentally and fiscally responsible government, and individual civic responsibility. Hammond wrote articles for newspapers in Alaska, and appeared in public service announcements on <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>. He hosted a television series called <i>Jay Hammond's Alaska</i> from 1985 to 1992. Hammond survived a rafting accident on August 6, 1988, while shooting an episode of the series on the Tana River in <a href="/wiki/Wrangell-St._Elias_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrangell-St. Elias National Park">Wrangell-St. Elias National Park</a>. Killed in the accident were Larry Holmstrom, the show's executive producer, Holmstrom's daughter Maria, and cameraman Ronald Eagle. Three others on the raft besides Hammond also survived, including one who also fell into the water of the <a href="/wiki/International_Scale_of_River_Difficulty" class="mw-redirect" title="International Scale of River Difficulty">Class IV river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hammond wrote three <a href="/wiki/Autobiographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographies">autobiographies</a>, <i>Tales of Alaska's Bush Rat Governor: The Extraordinary Autobiography of Jay Hammond, Wilderness Guide and Reluctant Politician</i>, <i>Chips from the Chopping Block: More Tales from Alaska's Bush Rat Governor</i> and <i>Diapering The Devil: How Alaska Helped Staunch Befouling by Mismanaged Oil Wealth; a Lesson for Other Rich Nations</i>. The latter book, published in 2011, was co-edited by Hammond's granddaughter Lauren Stanford.<sup id="cite_ref-newbook_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammond also wrote the preface to <i>Brother Asaiah, As Remembered by Martha Ellen Anderson and Friends</i>, a memoir of the life of <a href="/wiki/Homer,_Alaska" title="Homer, Alaska">Homer</a> businessman and peace activist Brother Asaiah Bates, which was published in 2006 following the deaths of both Bates and Hammond.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hammond's last major public appearances were in early 2004, centered around the Conference of Alaskans convened by governor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski">Frank Murkowski</a>. Murkowski, recalling the spirit of the constitutional convention, assembled fifty-five delegates from across Alaska to meet at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska Fairbanks</a> to tackle specific questions regarding Alaska's fiscal future. Apart from launching the political career of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Neuman" title="Mark Neuman">Mark Neuman</a>, who proclaimed himself to be one of the few ordinary people amongst the delegates<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and who was elected to the state house later that year, little was accomplished by the conference in the end. Hammond spent much of the conference holding court outside of the <a href="/wiki/William_Ransom_Wood#Wood_Center" title="William Ransom Wood">Wood Center</a> ballroom where sessions were held,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> espousing his own solutions, which included doubling the amount of the Permanent Fund dividend and restoring the state income tax, the latter of which was strongly opposed by Murkowski.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegates responded to Hammond by endorsing an income tax proposal, which delegate <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gruening" title="Clark Gruening">Clark Gruening</a> described as a "declaration of independence" from Murkowski.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several weeks after the conference, Hammond spoke before <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_North" title="Commonwealth North">Commonwealth North</a>, proclaiming that he would spend $50,000 of his own money if necessary to campaign for his dividend and income tax plan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hammond lived at his homestead on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Clark">Lake Clark</a>, until his death at age 83 on August 2, 2005. According to his wife, Bella, he died peacefully in his sleep. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=20250">"Our Campaigns - Candidate - Jay S. Hammond"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Campaigns+-+Candidate+-+Jay+S.+Hammond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FCandidateDetail.html%3FCandidateID%3D20250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJay+Hammond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newbook-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newbook_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newbook_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlouda2011" class="citation news cs1">Klouda, Naomi (June 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905024531/http://homertribune.com/2011/06/new-hammond-book-published/">"New Hammond book published in Homer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Homer_Tribune" title="Homer Tribune">Homer Tribune</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Homer,_Alaska" title="Homer, Alaska">Homer</a>. 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Anchorage: The McClatchy Company. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anchorage+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Future+of+fund+is+now&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2004-02-08&rft.aulast=Kizzia&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJay+Hammond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauer2004" class="citation news cs1">Mauer, Richard (February 11, 2004). "Conference begins with plea for a tax". <i>Anchorage Daily News</i>. Anchorage: The McClatchy Company. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anchorage+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Conference+begins+with+plea+for+a+tax&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2004-02-11&rft.aulast=Mauer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJay+Hammond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindbeck2004" class="citation news cs1">Lindbeck, Steve (February 11, 2004). "Hammond plan goes on the table". <i>Anchorage Daily News</i>. Anchorage: The McClatchy Company. p. B6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anchorage+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Hammond+plan+goes+on+the+table&rft.pages=B6&rft.date=2004-02-11&rft.aulast=Lindbeck&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJay+Hammond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockerhamMauer2004" class="citation news cs1">Cockerham, Sean; Mauer, Richard (February 12, 2004). "Delegates favor an income tax". <i>Anchorage Daily News</i>. Anchorage: The McClatchy Company. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anchorage+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Delegates+favor+an+income+tax&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2004-02-12&rft.aulast=Cockerham&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Mauer%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJay+Hammond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorco2004" class="citation news cs1">Porco, Peter (March 5, 2004). "Hammond to put mouth where his money lately is". <i>Anchorage Daily News</i>. Anchorage: The McClatchy Company. p. B1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anchorage+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Hammond+to+put+mouth+where+his+money+lately+is&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft.aulast=Porco&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJay+Hammond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Hammond&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/32px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/48px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/64px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alaska" title="Portal:Alaska">Alaska portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Biographical</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://100years.akleg.gov/bio.php?id=1139">Jay Hammond</a> at <i>100 Years of Alaska's Legislature</i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Photos from <a href="/wiki/Elmer_E._Rasmuson_Library" title="Elmer E. Rasmuson Library">Alaska's Digital Archives</a></dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=12563&REC=12">Hammond, pre-politics</a> – Hammond standing by his airplane.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=10085&REC=2">House of Representatives of the 1st Legislature</a> – Hammond is third from left in the third row back.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=11287&REC=17">Inauguration</a> – Hammond speaking at his inauguration, 1974. Bella Hammond is to his left; <a href="/wiki/Jay_Rabinowitz_(jurist)" title="Jay Rabinowitz (jurist)">Jay Rabinowitz</a> is at right.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=10446&REC=16">with Gerald Ford</a> – Governor Hammond with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Ted Stevens</a> and U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Don Young</a> at <a href="/wiki/Eielson_Air_Force_Base" title="Eielson Air Force Base">Eielson Air Force Base</a>, November 29, 1975.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=11295&REC=22"><i>Good Morning America</i></a> – Hammond being interviewed by <a href="/wiki/David_Hartman_(TV_personality)" title="David Hartman (TV personality)">David Hartman</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_America" title="Good Morning America">Good Morning America</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=11299&REC=26">with Chris Pearson</a> – Hammond with <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> premier <a href="/wiki/Chris_Pearson_(politician)" title="Chris Pearson (politician)">Christopher Pearson</a> at the Alaska-Yukon border in May 1981.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=2416&REC=6">with George Parks</a> – Hammond helps to celebrate the 99th birthday of <a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_Parks" title="George Alexander Parks">George Alexander Parks</a> on May 29, 1982</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cdmg21&CISOPTR=11301&REC=29">Capital move press conference</a> – Alaska's surviving governors (excepting <a href="/wiki/Waino_Hendrickson" title="Waino Hendrickson">Waino Hendrickson</a>) gather for a press conference on the capital move ballot issue, July 1982.</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Latter-period works by Hammond on fiscal issues</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juneauempire.com/stories/062203/opi_myturn.shtml"><i>Juneau Empire</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040810171620/http://www.juneauempire.com/stories/062203/opi_myturn.shtml">Archived</a> 2004-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Editorial written by Hammond in 2003 on state spending</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040920113212/http://www.conferenceofalaskans.com/pdf/Hammond_letter.pdf">Open letter on the Alaska Permanent Fund and state budget deficit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?53166">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">District created</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a><br />from the 15th district </b><br />1959–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Grant H. Pearson</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Gilbert A. Jarvela<br />Peter M. Deveau</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a><br />from the 13th district </b><br />1963–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Joseph E. McGill</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Alaska Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yule_F._Kilcher" title="Yule F. Kilcher">Yule F. Kilcher</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Alaska Senate</a><br />from the H district </b><br />1967–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Hohman" title="George Hohman">George Hohman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Brad Phillips</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Alaska Senate</a> </b><br />1971–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Miller_(politician)" title="Terry Miller (politician)">Terry Miller</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Egan" title="William A. Egan">Bill Egan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a> </b><br />1974–1982 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sheffield" title="Bill Sheffield">Bill Sheffield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Keith Harvey Miller</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1974_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Alaska gubernatorial election">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">1978</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Fink" title="Tom Fink">Tom Fink</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Alaska516" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Alaska" title="Template:Governors of Alaska"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Alaska" title="Template talk:Governors of Alaska"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Alaska" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Alaska"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Alaska516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governors of Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska#Governors_of_the_District_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">District <span class="nobold">(1884–1912)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Kinkead" title="John Henry Kinkead">Kinkead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Swineford" title="Alfred P. Swineford">Swineford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Enos_Knapp" title="Lyman Enos Knapp">Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sheakley" title="James Sheakley">Sheakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Green_Brady" title="John Green Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Bacon_Hoggatt" title="Wilford Bacon Hoggatt">Hoggatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Eli_Clark" title="Walter Eli Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="388" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska#Governors_of_Alaska_Territory" title="List of governors of Alaska">Territorial <span class="nobold">(1912–1959)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Eli_Clark" title="Walter Eli Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Alexander_Strong" title="John Franklin Alexander Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Riggs_Jr." title="Thomas Riggs Jr.">Riggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Cordelle_Bone" title="Scott Cordelle Bone">Bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_Parks" title="George Alexander Parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Weir_Troy" title="John Weir Troy">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gruening" title="Ernest Gruening">Gruening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Frank_Heintzleman" title="B. Frank Heintzleman">Heintzleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waino_Hendrickson" title="Waino Hendrickson">Hendrickson</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Stepovich" title="Mike Stepovich">Stepovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waino_Hendrickson" title="Waino Hendrickson">Hendrickson</a> (acting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska#Governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">State <span class="nobold">(since 1959)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Egan" title="William A. Egan">Egan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Hickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Egan" title="William A. Egan">Egan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sheffield" title="Bill Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cowper" title="Steve Cowper">Cowper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Hickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)" title="Tony Knowles (politician)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski">Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parnell" title="Sean Parnell">Parnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Walker_(American_politician)" title="Bill Walker (American politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dunleavy_(politician)" title="Mike Dunleavy (politician)">Dunleavy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Alaska_Senate216" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Alaska_Senate" title="Template:Presidents of the Alaska Senate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Alaska_Senate" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Alaska Senate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Alaska_Senate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Alaska Senate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Alaska_Senate216" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Alaska Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial <span class="nobold">(1912–59)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._V._Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. V. Ray (page does not exist)">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sutherland" title="Daniel Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._P._Hubbard" title="O. P. Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Frawley_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Frawley (politician) (page does not exist)">Frawley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sundback&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sundback (page does not exist)">Sundback</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forest_Hunt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest Hunt (page does not exist)">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_M._Ayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred M. Ayer (page does not exist)">Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartley_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartley Howard (page does not exist)">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_Steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Will Steel (page does not exist)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luther Hess (page does not exist)">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_Shattuck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen Shattuck (page does not exist)">Shattuck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luther Hess (page does not exist)">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._E._S._Brunelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. E. S. Brunelle (page does not exist)">Brunelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_R._Walker" title="Norman R. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Roden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Roden (page does not exist)">Roden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville_D._Cochran" class="mw-redirect" title="Orville D. Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Coffey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Coffey (page does not exist)">Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Nerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Nerland (page does not exist)">Nerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnard_Engebreth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunnard Engebreth (page does not exist)">Engebreth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_D._Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles D. Jones (page does not exist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Nolan_(politician)" title="James Nolan (politician)">Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_C._Rivers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor C. Rivers (page does not exist)">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska"><img alt="Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/120px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/180px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/240px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State <span class="nobold">(since 1959)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Beltz" title="Bill Beltz">Beltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Peratrovich" title="Frank Peratrovich">Peratrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_McNealy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob McNealy (page does not exist)">McNealy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Butrovich" title="John Butrovich">Butrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Phillips_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brad Phillips (politician) (page does not exist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Miller_(politician)" title="Terry Miller (politician)">T. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancy_Croft" title="Chancy Croft">Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rader" title="John Rader">Rader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_Tillion" title="Clem Tillion">Tillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Kerttula" title="Jay Kerttula">Kerttula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bennett_(politician)" title="Don Bennett (politician)">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Faiks" title="Jan Faiks">Faiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kelly_(Alaska_politician)" title="Tim Kelly (Alaska politician)">T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Eliason" title="Dick Eliason">Eliason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Halford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Halford (page does not exist)">Halford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drue_Pearce" title="Drue Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_W._Miller" title="Mike W. Miller">M. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drue_Pearce" title="Drue Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Halford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Halford (page does not exist)">Halford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Therriault" title="Gene Therriault">Therriault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Stevens" title="Ben Stevens">B. Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyda_Green" title="Lyda Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Stevens_(politician)" title="Gary Stevens (politician)">G. Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Huggins" title="Charlie Huggins">Huggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Meyer_(politician)" title="Kevin Meyer (politician)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Kelly_(Alaska_politician)" title="Pete Kelly (Alaska politician)">P. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Giessel" title="Cathy Giessel">Giessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Micciche" title="Peter Micciche">Micciche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Stevens_(politician)" title="Gary Stevens (politician)">G. Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republican_Party_nominees_for_Governor_of_Alaska117" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AK_Republican_gubernatorial_nominees" title="Template:AK Republican gubernatorial nominees"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AK_Republican_gubernatorial_nominees" title="Template talk:AK Republican gubernatorial nominees"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AK_Republican_gubernatorial_nominees" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AK Republican gubernatorial nominees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republican_Party_nominees_for_Governor_of_Alaska117" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> nominees for <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Butrovich" title="John Butrovich">Butrovich</a> (<a href="/wiki/1958_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Alaska gubernatorial election">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Stepovich" title="Mike Stepovich">Stepovich</a> (<a href="/wiki/1962_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Alaska gubernatorial election">1962</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Hickel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1966_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Alaska gubernatorial election">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/1970_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alaska gubernatorial election">1970</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hammond</a> (<a href="/wiki/1974_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Alaska gubernatorial election">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Fink" title="Tom Fink">Fink</a> (<a href="/wiki/1982_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alaska gubernatorial election">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arliss_Sturgulewski" title="Arliss Sturgulewski">Sturgulewski</a> (<a href="/wiki/1986_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Alaska gubernatorial election">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Alaska gubernatorial election">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Campbell_(Alaska_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Campbell (Alaska politician) (page does not exist)">Campbell</a> (<a href="/wiki/1994_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Alaska gubernatorial election">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Lindauer" title="John Howard Lindauer">Lindauer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1998_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Alaska gubernatorial election">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski">Murkowski</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Alaska gubernatorial election">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a> (<a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parnell" title="Sean Parnell">Parnell</a> (<a href="/wiki/2010_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Alaska gubernatorial election">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Alaska gubernatorial election">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dunleavy_(politician)" title="Mike Dunleavy (politician)">Dunleavy</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Alaska gubernatorial election">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Alaska gubernatorial election">2022</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/90px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/135px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/180px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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