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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British-Australian physicist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sir Alan Walsh</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Australian_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science">FAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_1107_Sir_Alan_Walsh_19161998_the_father_of_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1107_Sir_Alan_Walsh_19161998_the_father_of_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.jpg/220px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1107_Sir_Alan_Walsh_19161998_the_father_of_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1107_Sir_Alan_Walsh_19161998_the_father_of_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.jpg/330px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1107_Sir_Alan_Walsh_19161998_the_father_of_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1107_Sir_Alan_Walsh_19161998_the_father_of_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.jpg/440px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1107_Sir_Alan_Walsh_19161998_the_father_of_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1981" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">19 December 1916<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hoddlesden" title="Hoddlesden">Hoddlesden</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 August 1998 (aged 81)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy" title="Atomic absorption spectroscopy">Atomic absorption spectroscopy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Audrey Dale Hutchinson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Haworth<br />David Alan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Non-Ferrous_Metals_Research_Association" title="British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association">BNF</a><br /><a href="/wiki/CSIRO" title="CSIRO">CSIR</a> (later CSIRO)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Alan Walsh</b> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Australian_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science">FAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a> (19 December 1916 – 3 August 1998) was a British-Australian physicist, originator and developer of a method of chemical analysis called <a href="/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy" title="Atomic absorption spectroscopy">atomic absorption spectroscopy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eoas_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eoas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walsh was born on 19 December 1916 and brought up in <a href="/wiki/Hoddlesden" title="Hoddlesden">Hoddlesden</a>, a small village about twenty miles from <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>. He was the eldest son of Thomas Haworth Walsh, cotton mill manager, and Betsy Alice (née Robinson). </p><p>From the age of ten Walsh attended the <a href="/wiki/Darwen_Vale_High_School" title="Darwen Vale High School">local grammar school</a> in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Darwen" title="Darwen">Darwen</a>, where he passed the Northern Universities Matriculation examination in 1933 and the Higher School Certificate examination in 1935. He then went to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a> to read physics. On graduation in 1938 he was also awarded a research scholarship, which he took up in the physics department, where he was particularly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lipson" title="Henry Lipson">Henry Lipson</a>’s suggestion that he work on the structure of <a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">β-carotene</a>. Walsh spent on year at Manchester working on this, before moving to the physics section of the <a href="/wiki/British_Non-Ferrous_Metals_Research_Association" title="British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association">British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association</a> (BNF) in London, where he continued the theoretical work on the analysis. He was awarded an MSc (Tech) in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FRS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">War</a> began on the day Walsh joined BNF, and so he set the task of determining which metals were being used in enemy bombers that had been shot down, information that could help establish how the German war effort was advancing. He devised several methods for the rapid and accurate spectrographic analysis of alloys based on aluminium, copper or zinc.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While developing the method he discovered that it could not always be transferred uniformly from one laboratory to another, so he set about devising a General Purpose Source Unit. This generated a stable and reproducible source of discharge, essential in spectrographic emission work. He then assisted <a href="/wiki/Hilger_%26_Watts" title="Hilger & Watts">Hilger & Watts</a> Ltd to develop a commercial version. </p><p>In 1945 Alan applied for the post of Research Officer for Spectroscopic Investigations at the <a href="/wiki/CSIRO" title="CSIRO">Council for Scientific and Industrial Research</a> (CSIR) in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>. After a long delay, he was offered the job in March 1946, but he first had to spend 3–4 months in <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Sutherland" title="Gordon Sutherland">Gordon Sutherland</a>’s lab in Cambridge, to gain experience in the new field of infrared molecular spectroscopy. This led to a paper on the structure of phthiocerane,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the hydrocarbon derived from phthiocerol, found in tubercle bacilli.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walsh arrived at CSIR, via laboratory visits in the USA, in April 1947. He set about installing the first operating infrared spectrometer in Australia, a <a href="/wiki/PerkinElmer" title="PerkinElmer">Perkin-Elmer</a> Model 12B. He soon realised that its resolution was insufficient for any but the lightest molecules, so he devised and patented a double-pass system, which was licensed to Perkin-Elmer. </p><p>Walsh is probably best known for his development of atomic absorption spectroscopy as an analytical tool.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a complex story, recounted in detail by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hannaford" title="Peter Hannaford">Hannaford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FRS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1976 Walsh received a telex from the Royal Society telling him that he had been awarded a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> in recognition of “your distinguished contributions to emission and infrared spectroscopy and your origination of the atomic absorption method of quantitative analysis”.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired from CSIRO on 5 January 1977, and in June was created a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a>. In 1982 he was invited back to CSIRO as a senior research fellow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours,_awards,_affiliations_and_degrees"><span id="Honours.2C_awards.2C_affiliations_and_degrees"></span>Honours, awards, affiliations and degrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Honours, awards, affiliations and degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medals_and_awards">Medals and awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medals and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1966 Britannica Australia Award</li><li>1969 Talanta Gold Medal</li><li>1969 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Victoria" title="Royal Society of Victoria">Royal Society of Victoria</a> Research Medal</li><li>1972 Maurice Hasler Award in Spectroscopy, <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Applied_Spectroscopy" title="Society for Applied Spectroscopy">Society for Applied Spectroscopy</a></li><li>1975 Kronland Medal, Czechoslavak Spectroscopic Society</li><li>1975 James Cook Medal, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_New_South_Wales" title="Royal Society of New South Wales">Royal Society of New South Wales</a></li><li>1976 Torbern Bergman Medal, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Chemical_Society" title="Swedish Chemical Society">Swedish Chemical Society</a></li><li>1976 Royal Medal, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></li><li>1977 Knight Bachelor</li><li>1978 John Scott Award, City of Philadelphia, USA</li><li>1980 Matthew Flinders Lecture and Medal, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Science" title="Australian Academy of Science">Australian Academy of Science</a></li><li>1982 Robert Boyle Medal, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (Inaugural Award)</li><li>1982 K.L. Sutherland Memorial Medal, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Technology_and_Engineering" title="Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering">Australian Academy of Technological Sciences</a> (Inaugural Award)</li><li>1991 Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale Award for Major Scientific Contributions to Analytical Spectroscopy (Inaugural Award)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_affiliations">Academic affiliations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic affiliations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1958 Fellow, Australian Academy of Science</li><li>1969 Foreign Member, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a></li><li>1969 Fellow, Royal Society</li><li>1969 Honorary Member, <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Analytical_Chemistry" title="Society for Analytical Chemistry">Society for Analytical Chemistry</a></li><li>1972 Honorary Fellow, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Society" title="Chemical Society">Chemical Society</a></li><li>1975 Honorary Fellow, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_Te_Ap%C4%81rangi" title="Royal Society Te Apārangi">Royal Society of New Zealand</a></li><li>1979 Honorary Fellow, Australian Institute of Physics</li><li>1980 Honorary Fellow, Royal Society of Chemistry</li><li>1981 Honorary Member, Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry</li><li>1982 Fellow, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Technology_and_Engineering" title="Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering">Australian Academy of Technological Sciences</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1970 DSc, <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a></li><li>1986 DSc, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a></li></ul></div> <p>The Australian Institute of Physics Alan Walsh Medal, awarded for significant contributions in physics by an Australian industrial physicist, is named in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-AIPC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIPC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after he emigrated to Australia Walsh met Sunderland-born nurse Audrey Dale Hutchinson, whom he married in 1949. They had two sons, Thomas Haworth and David Alan. </p><p>Alan Walsh died in Melbourne on 3 August 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eoas-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eoas_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy,_G.J." class="citation web cs1">McCarthy, G.J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoas.info/biogs/P000860b.htm">"Walsh, Alan - Biographical entry"</a>. Encyclopedia of Australian Science<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walsh%2C+Alan+-+Biographical+entry&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+Australian+Science&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+G.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoas.info%2Fbiogs%2FP000860b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FRS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannaford2000" class="citation journal cs1">Hannaford, P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1999.0100">"Sir Alan Walsh. 19 December 1916 – 3 August 1998: Elected F.R.S. 1969"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>46</b>: 535–564. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1999.0100">10.1098/rsbm.1999.0100</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/770415">770415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Sir+Alan+Walsh.+19+December+1916+%E2%80%93+3+August+1998%3A+Elected+F.R.S.+1969&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=535-564&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1999.0100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F770415%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hannaford&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.1999.0100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAS_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Hannaford" class="citation web cs1">Peter Hannaford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/biographical-memoirs/alan-walsh-1916-1998">"Alan Walsh 1916-1998"</a>. <i>Biographical memoirs</i>. Australian Academy of Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+memoirs&rft.atitle=Alan+Walsh+1916-1998&rft.au=Peter+Hannaford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org.au%2Ffellowship%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Falan-walsh-1916-1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span> originally published in <i>Historical Records of Australian Science</i>, vol.13, no.2, 2000. Also published in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society of London, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh1945" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, A (1945). "The spectrographic analysis of aluminium alloys by the direct comparison method". In Smith, D M (ed.). <i>Collected papers on metallurgical analysis by the spectrograph</i>. London: British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association. pp. 65–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+spectrographic+analysis+of+aluminium+alloys+by+the+direct+comparison+method&rft.btitle=Collected+papers+on+metallurgical+analysis+by+the+spectrograph&rft.place=London&rft.pages=65-81&rft.pub=British+Non-Ferrous+Metals+Research+Association&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStällberg-StenhagenStenhagenSheppardSutherland1947" class="citation journal cs1">Ställberg-Stenhagen, S; Stenhagen, E; Sheppard, N; Sutherland, G B B M; Walsh, A (1947). "Infra-Red Spectrum and Molecular Structure of Phthiocerane". <i>Nature</i>. <b>160</b> (4069): 580–582. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1947Natur.160..580S">1947Natur.160..580S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F160580a0">10.1038/160580a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20269870">20269870</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4129619">4129619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Infra-Red+Spectrum+and+Molecular+Structure+of+Phthiocerane&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=4069&rft.pages=580-582&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F160580a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4129619%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20269870&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1947Natur.160..580S&rft.aulast=St%C3%A4llberg-Stenhagen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Stenhagen%2C+E&rft.au=Sheppard%2C+N&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+G+B+B+M&rft.au=Walsh%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStällberg-StenhagenStenhagen1950" class="citation journal cs1">Ställberg-Stenhagen, S; Stenhagen, E (1 March 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2956460-7">"Studies on Hydrocarbons Structurally Related to Phthiocerol: Synthesis of the Levorotatory Enantiomorph of 4-Methyl-Tritriacontane"</a>. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>83</b> (1): 223–229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2956460-7">10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56460-7</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Studies+on+Hydrocarbons+Structurally+Related+to+Phthiocerol%3A+Synthesis+of+the+Levorotatory+Enantiomorph+of+4-Methyl-Tritriacontane&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=223-229&rft.date=1950-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2956460-7&rft.aulast=St%C3%A4llberg-Stenhagen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Stenhagen%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0021-9258%252818%252956460-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh1955" class="citation journal cs1">Walsh, A (1955). "The application of atomic absorption spectra to chemical analysis". <i>Spectrochimica Acta</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 108–117. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955AcSpe...7..108W">1955AcSpe...7..108W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0371-1951%2855%2980013-6">10.1016/0371-1951(55)80013-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spectrochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=The+application+of+atomic+absorption+spectra+to+chemical+analysis&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=108-117&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0371-1951%2855%2980013-6&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1955AcSpe...7..108W&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1640032608&single=true">"Award winners : Royal Medal"</a>. <i>The Royal Society: Royal Medals</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Society%3A+Royal+Medals&rft.atitle=Award+winners+%3A+Royal+Medal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fspreadsheets%2Fd%2F1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4%2Fpubhtml%3Fgid%3D1640032608%26single%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AIPC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AIPC_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317234056/http://aipcongress2005.anu.edu.au/pdf/AIPC_Handbook_V2.pdf">"16th National Congress 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Australian Institute of Physics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aipcongress2005.anu.edu.au/pdf/AIPC_Handbook_V2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=16th+National+Congress+2005&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faipcongress2005.anu.edu.au%2Fpdf%2FAIPC_Handbook_V2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Walsh+%28physicist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh_(physicist)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Founding members of the World Cultural Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Founding members of the <a href="/wiki/World_Cultural_Council" title="World Cultural Council">World Cultural Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baddiley" title="James Baddiley">James Baddiley</a></li> <li>M. Balasegaram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barnaby" title="Frank Barnaby">Frank Barnaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Barnard" title="Christiaan Barnard">Christiaan Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Blakemore" title="Colin Blakemore">Colin Blakemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage N. Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Callan" title="H. G. Callan">Harold G. Callan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Frédéric Cournand</a></li> <li>William J. Darby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_de_Robertis" title="Eduardo de Robertis">Eduardo de Robertis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Jager" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelis de Jager">Cornelis de Jager</a></li> <li>Guy Blaudin de Thé</li> <li>Jean-François Denisse</li> <li>Venancio Deulofeu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Dixon" title="Frank J. Dixon">Frank J. Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard S. Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audouin_Dollfus" title="Audouin Dollfus">Audouin Dollfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-%C3%89mile_Dubois" title="Jacques-Émile Dubois">Jacques-Émile Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Durrell" title="Gerald Durrell">Gerald Durrell</a></li> <li>Francisco J. Dy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John C. Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Paul_Ehrlich_Jr." title="S. Paul Ehrlich Jr.">Paul Ehrlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a></li> <li>Mohammed El Fasi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Eliel" title="Ernest L. Eliel">Ernest L. Eliel</a></li> <li>Kenneth O. Emergy</li> <li>José Rafael Estrada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_J._Eysenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans J. Eysenck">Hans J. Eysenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_W._Fawcett" title="Don W. Fawcett">Don W. Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._J._Finney" title="D. J. Finney">David J. Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val L. Fitch</a></li> <li>Carl G. Gahmberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred D. Hershey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a></li> <li>Osmo H. 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