CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="no-js" lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2023/Q1/lack-of-canine-covid-19-data-fuels-persisting-concerns-over-dog-human-interactions.html","20230321003009","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1679358609"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta content="IE=edge" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/> <meta content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no" name="viewport"/> <meta content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/uns/images/2022/spring-belltowerOG.jpg" property="og:image"/>  <meta content="summary_large_image" name="twitter:card"/> <meta content="@PurdueUnivNews" name="twitter:site"/> <meta content="Lack of canine COVID-19 data fuels persisting concerns over dog-human interactions" name="twitter:title"/> <meta content="Early COVID-19 pandemic suspicions about dogs’ resistance to the disease have given way to a long-haul clinical data gap as new variants of the virus have emerged." name="twitter:description"/> <meta content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/uns/images/2022/spring-belltowerOG.jpg" name="twitter:image"/> <meta content="Lack of canine COVID-19 data fuels persisting concerns over dog-human interactions" property="og:title"/> <meta content="Early COVID-19 pandemic suspicions about dogs’ resistance to the disease have given way to a long-haul clinical data gap as new variants of the virus have emerged." name="description"/> <meta content="https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2023/Q1/lack-of-canine-covid-19-data-fuels-persisting-concerns-over-dog-human-interactions.html" name="original-source"/> <meta content="ALL" name="robots"/> <meta content="Purdue News Service" name="author"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2023/Q1/lack-of-canine-covid-19-data-fuels-persisting-concerns-over-dog-human-interactions.html" rel="canonical"/> <title>Lack of canine COVID-19 data fuels persisting concerns over dog-human interactions - Purdue University News</title>  <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/icon-iphone.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/icon-ipad.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/icon-iphone-retina.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/icon-ipad-retina.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152"/>  <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://use.fontawesome.com/a5992bcfed.js"></script> <noscript> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009cs_/https://use.fontawesome.com/daeafc3302.css" rel="stylesheet"/> </noscript>  <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009cs_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/fonts/united-sans/united-sans.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009cs_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/css/pu/content/content-1.6-2020.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009cs_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/css/pu/content/print.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/web/20230321003009cs_/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/css/article.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <style type="text/css"> /* Any CSS placed in this text area will be placed inside of a style tag located in the head section of the page. */ </style>  <style> @media (min-width:992px){ .container {padding-left:3em;} } </style>  <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/js/pGA.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var mCode = ''; var sCodes = []; sCodes.push('UA-10662882-1'); SetAnalytics(mCode,sCodes); // ]]></script> <script async="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6044943.js"></script> </head> <body> <noscript><iframe height="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WWGMN6Z" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="GTM noscript" width="0"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="navbar navbar-inverse goldbar" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button class="navbar-toggle left" data-target=".gold" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> Quick Links </button> <button class="navbar-toggle search right" data-target="#search" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"> <i class="fa fa-search fa-lg"></i> </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse right search" id="search"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#"><i class="fa fa-search fa-lg"></i></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <div class="form-group"> <script> (function() { var cx = '017690826183710227054:wj5fkgcsmtw'; var gcse = document.createElement('script'); gcse.type = 'text/javascript'; gcse.async = true; gcse.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=' + cx; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s); })(); </script> <gcse:searchbox-only id="cse-search-form" resultsurl="//www.purdue.edu/newsroom/search.html" queryparametername="q"> Loading </gcse:searchbox-only> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse gold"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav information"> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Find Info For <b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><p class="hide">Find Info For</p> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/academics/index.php">Academics</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/admissions/index.php">Admissions</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/current_students/index.php">Current Students</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/athletics/index.php">Athletics</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/about/index.php">About</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/careers/index.php">Careers</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/prospective_students/index.php">Prospective Students</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/research/index.php">Research and Partnerships</a></li> <li><a class="findInfoLink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/commercialization/index.php">Entrepreneurship and Commercialization</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav right quicklinks"><p class="hide">Quick Links</p> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/apply/">Apply</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/president/">President</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdueteamstore.com/">Shop</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/visit/">Visit</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/giveNow.html">Give</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/emergency/">Emergency</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="top"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="logo col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/"><img alt="Purdue University" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/PU-H.svg"/></a> </div> <div class="department col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-9 col-xs-12"> Agriculture News </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="navbar navbar-inverse blackbar" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button class="navbar-toggle" data-target=".black" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> Menu </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse black"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="first"><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/index.html"> Home </a></li> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">News Topics <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/featured/index.html">Featured</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/archive.html">Recent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/health-lifesci/index.html">Health and Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/info-security-ai/index.html">Info Security and AI</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/innovation/index.html">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/research/index.html">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/students/index.html">Student</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/transform-ed/index.html">Transformative Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/trustees/index.html">Trustees</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/purduetoday/index.html">Purdue Today</a></li> <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Media Info <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/media/index.html">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/experts/index.html">Experts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/contact.html">Contact</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://stories.purdue.edu/podcast/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Podcast</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://stories.purdue.edu/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/pitn/index.html">Purdue in the News</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="breadcrumb"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="content"> <div class="container"> <p style="padding-top:.5em;">March 20, 2023</p> <h1>Lack of canine COVID-19 data fuels persisting concerns over dog-human interactions</h1> <div class="row"> <div class="maincontent col-sm-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="flex-container no-pad--xs"> <div class="flex-item" id="article-photo"> <div class="inner-content"> <img alt="dogs-covid" class="banner" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/uns/images/2023/dogs-covidLO.jpg"/> </div> </div>  <div class="flex-item" id="sidebar"> <div class="inner-content"> <p>A research literature review by Purdue University researchers published in the journal Animals highlights unanswered questions about the COVID-19 virus dynamics between dogs and humans. (Purdue Agricultural Communications photo/Tom Campbell) </p> <div align="center" class="buttons"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/uns/images/2023/dogs-covidLO.jpg" target="_blank"> <button class="btn btn--photo" type="button"> Download Image </button></a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div> <p>WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Early COVID-19 pandemic suspicions about dogs’ resistance to the disease have given way to a long-haul clinical data gap as new variants of the virus have emerged.</p> <p>“It is not confirmed that the virus can be transmitted from one dog to another dog or from dogs to humans,” said veterinarian Mohamed Kamel, a postdoctoral fellow at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/http://purdue.edu/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Purdue University</a>.</p> <p>During the pandemic’s early days, dogs seemed resistant to the coronavirus, showing little evidence of infection or transmission, said <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://engineering.purdue.edu/ABE/people/ptProfile?resource_id=172745" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Mohit Verma</a>, assistant professor of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://engineering.purdue.edu/ABE" rel="noopener" target="_blank">agricultural and biological engineering</a> and Purdue’s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://engineering.purdue.edu/BME" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering</a>. “As the virus evolved, or maybe the surveillance technology advanced, there seem to be more instances of potentially asymptomatic dogs.”</p> <p>These are among the findings that Kamel, Verma and two co-authors summarized in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/524" rel="noopener" target="_blank">a research literature review</a> “Interactions Between Humans and Dogs in the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The summary, with recent updates and future perspectives, recently appeared in a special issue of the journal <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Animals</a> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals/special_issues/Animals_SARS-CoV-2" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Susceptibility of Animals to SARS-CoV-2</a><span>.</span></p> <p>Additional co-authors are Rachel Munds, a research scientist at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://krishidiagnostics.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Krishi Inc.</a> and a Purdue visiting scholar in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Amr El-Sayed of Egypt’s Cairo University.</p> <p><span>Last June the </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/http://usda.gov/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a><span>’s </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/home/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a> <span>announced it was committing up to $24 million for research related to SARS-CoV-2. The funding, provided by the </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.usda.gov/arp" rel="noopener" target="_blank">American Rescue Plan Act</a><span>, focuses on the </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/onehealth/one-health-sarscov2-in-animals" rel="noopener" target="_blank">One Health concept</a><span>, which recognizes the link between the health of people, animals and the environment.</span></p> <p><span>The SARS-CoV-2 virus that originated in Wuhan, China, in 2019 has infected more than 600 million people globally and had claimed more than 6.5 million lives by October 2022.</span></p> <p><span>“COVID-19 has become one of the most important economic, health and humanitarian problems of the 21st century,” the co-authors wrote in the Animals article. Studies have documented the movement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through various animal species. And about 75 percent of infectious diseases in humans start in animals.</span></p> <p><span>“This spread raises concerns about the possibility of pet animals serving as reservoirs for the virus,” the co-authors wrote. </span></p> <p>More than two dozen animal species have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus, ranging from cats, dogs and rabbits to deer, cattle and gorillas. <span>More than 470 million dogs were owned worldwide before the COVID-19 outbreak. Their </span>susceptibility to the virus remains poorly understood because they are infrequently tested, said Kamel, who is also a faculty member at Cairo University.</p> <p>“Compared to cats or other animals, the susceptibility is less,” Kamel said. He cautioned, however, that the susceptibility of dogs to the new variants may have changed to a lesser or greater extent.</p> <p>“There are a lot of variants. It’s not only one virus,” Kamel said. “The infections differ from the old variant to the new variant.”</p> <p>Dogs’ apparent resistance to COVID-19 could result from their general low levels of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), target receptors in their lung cells and related mutations.</p> <p>“ACE2 is the main part of the virus attachment found on the cells,” Kamel noted.</p> <p>The Animals journal article also discusses how the spread of an epidemic can be tracked, predicted and contained through a combination of geographic information systems, molecular biology and even detection dogs. Because of their heightened sense of smell, dogs can be trained to detect a wide range of human diseases, Kamel said. Using dogs to detect COVID-19, as reported in the journal article, is fast and less expensive compared to other methods where screening large crowds may be needed.</p> <p>Verma’s startup, Krishi Inc.<span>, is already developing innovative paper-based, rapid-result tests for </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-021-00997-9" rel="noopener" target="_blank">bovine respiratory disease</a><span>, </span><span>antimicrobial resistance </span>and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137021000121" rel="noopener" target="_blank">COVID-19</a>. The testing system uses a method called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and is under development in Verma’s lab for <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://ag.purdue.edu/news/2023/01/innovative-risk-assessment-tool-for-produce-industry-continues-advancing.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">produce safety applications</a>. Adapting LAMP for animal testing of SARS-CoV-2 may come next.</p> <p>Krishi Inc. received an initial investment from Ag-Celerator. Created in 2015, Ag-Celerator is a $2 million innovation fund designed to provide critical startup support for Purdue innovators who bring Purdue’s patented intellectual property or “know-how” technologies to market. The fund is operated by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://purduefoundry.com/ventures/overview/">Purdue Ventures</a> with assistance from the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://ag.purdue.edu/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Purdue University College of Agriculture</a>, the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://otc.prf.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Purdue Research Foundation Office of Technology Commercialization</a> and the agriculture industry.</p> <p>The Animals journal article cites multiple studies from Purdue and elsewhere validating the usefulness of LAMP testing. Krishi’s focus thus far has been developing a test for antimicrobial resistance in animals, but the LAMP assay has broader potential, Verma said.</p> <p>“If we want to do widespread surveillance, can we make our test versatile for any species? LAMP is portable,” Verma said. “Because it can be done in a simple manner and provide results without a lab setup, we can potentially do this on a wider scale and make it cost-effective.”</p> <p>Currently available commercial at-home coronavirus tests for humans can also be used on dogs and cats. However, these tests may not be sensitive enough to detect the lower viral loads in animals.</p> <p>“They’re not validated for animals, so we don’t know how well they would work. That’s the gap we’re hoping to bridge with the test that we are developing – better tools of surveillance,” Verma said. </p> <p><strong>Writer:</strong> Steve Koppes</p> <p><strong>Media contact:</strong> Maureen Manier, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/mailto:mmanier@purdue.edu">mmanier@purdue.edu</a></p> <p><strong>Sources:</strong> Mohit Verma, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/mailto:msverma@purdue.edu">msverma@purdue.edu</a>; Mohamed Kamel, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/mailto:mkamalka@purdue.edu">mkamalka@purdue.edu</a></p> <p><strong>Agricultural Communications:</strong> 765-494-8415;</p> <p>Maureen Manier, Department Head, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/mailto:mmanier@purdue.edu" rel="noopener" target="_blank">mmanier@purdue.edu</a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://ag.purdue.edu/agcomm/pages/news.aspx" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Agriculture News Page</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="content no-pad--xs"> <div class="sidecontentbottom" style="padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px;">  <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> <br/> <h3>Ag News</h3> <script charset="UTF-8" language="JavaScript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/php/feed2js-hp-tmp-smb/feed2js.php?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.purdue.edu%2Fnewsroom%2Frss%2FAgriNews.xml&num=5&utf=y" type="text/javascript"></script> <noscript> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/rss/AgriNews.xml">View RSS feed</a> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row panel-group" id="accordion"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"><a class="collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#footerone">Communication <i class="fa fa-plus right"></i><i class="fa fa-minus right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="footerone"> <div class="panel-body"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://one.purdue.edu/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">OneCampus Portal</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://purdue.brightspace.com/">Brightspace</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/boilerconnect/">BoilerConnect</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://portal.office.com/">Office 365</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://outlook.office.com/">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://mypurdue.purdue.edu/">myPurdue</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"><a class="collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#footertwo">Campus <i class="fa fa-plus right"></i><i class="fa fa-minus right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="footertwo"> <div class="panel-body"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/faculty_staff/index.php">Faculty and Staff</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/hr">Human Resources</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/careers/index.php">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/about/colleges_schools.php">Colleges and Schools</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/directory/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/campus-map/">Campus Map</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"><a class="collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#footerthree">Info for Staff <i class="fa fa-plus right"></i><i class="fa fa-minus right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="footerthree"> <div class="panel-body"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purduemoves/">Purdue Moves</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/bot/">Board of Trustees</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/senate/">University Senate</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/apsac/">APSAC</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/cssac/">CSSAC</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"><a class="collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#footerfour">Resources <i class="fa fa-plus right"></i><i class="fa fa-minus right"></i></a></h4> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="footerfour"> <div class="panel-body"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/hr/">Human Resources</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/hr/CHL/">Center for Healthy Living</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.itap.purdue.edu/">Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/ethics/">Ethics & Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/physicalfacilities/construction/">Campus Disruptions</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="motto"> <img alt="Purdue University" class="horizontal" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/PU-H.svg" style="width:75%; max-width:12em;"/> <img alt="Purdue University" class="vertical" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009im_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/images/PU-V.svg"/> <br/> <a alt="Facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.facebook.com/PurdueUniversity" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> <a alt="Twitter" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://twitter.com/LifeAtPurdue" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> <a alt="YouTube" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.youtube.com/purdue" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a> <a alt="Instagram" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.instagram.com/lifeatpurdue" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a> <a alt="Pinterest" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.pinterest.com/lifeatpurdue/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest"></i></a> <a alt="LinkedIn" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.linkedin.com/edu/purdue-university-18357" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <p>Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, (765) 494-4600</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/disclaimer.php"> © 2015-23 Purdue University</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/ea_eou_statement.php">An equal access/equal opportunity university</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/securepurdue/security-programs/copyright-policies/reporting-alleged-copyright-infringement.php" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Copyright Complaints</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/">Maintained by Office of Strategic Communications</a></p> <p>Trouble with this page? Disability-related <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://www.purdue.edu/disabilityresources/">accessibility</a> issue? Please contact News Service at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/mailto:purduenews@purdue.edu">purduenews@purdue.edu</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <script async="true" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/globals/js/modernizr-1.5.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://www.purdue.edu/assets/globals/js/google_jquery_link_tracking.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/js/currentPage-1.6.js" type="text/javascript"></script>    <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ $(document).ready(function(){ var photo = $("#article-photo img"); var width = photo.width(); var height = photo.height(); if(width > height){ photo.addClass("flex-photo"); $("#article-photo, #sidebar").css("width", "100%").css("padding", "0"); } }); // ]]> </script>   <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://www.purdue.edu/purdue/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003009/http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); // ]]></script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-276735-16"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {} // ]]></script>  <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20230321003009js_/https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-5c437bfe11895dd0" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'); // ]]></script> </body> </html>