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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Energous.com</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energous.com-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooper's_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooper's_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cooper's law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooper's_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latest_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latest_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Latest publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latest_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_affiliations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_affiliations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and affiliations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_affiliations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Cooper (inventor)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="مارتن كوبر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارتن كوبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Kuper" title="Martin Kuper – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Martin Kuper" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মার্টিন কুপার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্টিন কুপার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мартын Купэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мартын Купэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(leiutaja)" title="Martin Cooper (leiutaja) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Martin Cooper (leiutaja)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Μάρτιν Κούπερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάρτιν Κούπερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="مارتین کوپر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارتین کوپر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%8B%B4_%EC%BF%A0%ED%8D%BC" title="마틴 쿠퍼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마틴 쿠퍼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մարտին Կուպեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարտին Կուպեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0" title="मार्टिन कूपर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मार्टिन कूपर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8" title="מרטין קופר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרטין קופר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="مارتن كوبر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارتن كوبر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(pereka)" title="Martin Cooper (pereka) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Martin Cooper (pereka)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(uitvinder)" title="Martin Cooper (uitvinder) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Martin Cooper (uitvinder)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਾਰਟਿਨ ਕੂਪਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰਟਿਨ ਕੂਪਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Купер, Мартин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Купер, Мартин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Kuper_(shpik%C3%ABs)" title="Martin Kuper (shpikës) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Martin Kuper (shpikës)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87)" title="Мартин Купер (проналазач) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мартин Купер (проналазач)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மார்ட்டின் கூப்பர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மார்ட்டின் கூப்பர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="మార్టిన్ కూపర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మార్టిన్ కూపర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мартін Купер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мартін Купер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper" title="Martin Cooper – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Martin Cooper" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Martin Cooper</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Cooper,_Two_Antennas,_October_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Martin_Cooper%2C_Two_Antennas%2C_October_2010.jpg/200px-Martin_Cooper%2C_Two_Antennas%2C_October_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Martin_Cooper%2C_Two_Antennas%2C_October_2010.jpg/300px-Martin_Cooper%2C_Two_Antennas%2C_October_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Martin_Cooper%2C_Two_Antennas%2C_October_2010.jpg/400px-Martin_Cooper%2C_Two_Antennas%2C_October_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="1644" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cooper in 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1928-12-26</span>) </span>December 26, 1928<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 95)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Marty Cooper</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology" title="Illinois Institute of Technology">Illinois Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._S." class="mw-redirect" title="B. S.">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._S." class="mw-redirect" title="M. S.">MS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Inventor</li><li>entrepreneur</li><li>executive</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Inventor of the first handheld cellular mobile phone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a><br />Founder & CEO of <a href="/wiki/ArrayComm" title="ArrayComm">ArrayComm</a><br />Co-founder and chairman of Dyna LLC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arlene_Harris_(Innovator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlene Harris (Innovator)">Arlene Harris</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1991)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Prize" title="Marconi Prize">Marconi Prize</a> (2013), ITU 150 Awards (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-ITU150Awards_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITU150Awards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dynallc.com">www<wbr />.dynallc<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Martin Cooper</b> (born December 26, 1928) is an American engineer. He is a pioneer in the <a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless communications</a> industry, especially in radio <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_management" title="Spectrum management">spectrum management</a>, with eleven patents in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 3, 1973, he placed the first public call from a handheld portable cell phone while working at <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, from a Manhattan sidewalk to his counterpart at competitor <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cooper reprised the first handheld cellular mobile phone (distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">car phone</a>) in 1973 and led the team that re-developed it and brought it to market in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCnews_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCnews-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is considered the "father of the (handheld) <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">cell phone</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Economist_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cooper is co-founder of numerous communications companies with his wife and business partner <a href="/wiki/Arlene_Harris_(Innovator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlene Harris (Innovator)">Arlene Harris</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is co-founder and current Chairman of Dyna LLC, in <a href="/wiki/Del_Mar,_California" title="Del Mar, California">Del Mar, California</a>. Cooper also sits on committees supporting the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Federal_Communications_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Federal Communications Commission">U.S. Federal Communications Commission</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. </p><p>In 2010, Cooper was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> for leadership in the creation and deployment of the cellular portable hand-held telephone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cooper was born in Chicago to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology" title="Illinois Institute of Technology">Illinois Institute of Technology</a> (IIT) in 1950 and served as a submarine officer during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1957, he earned his master's degree from IIT in electrical engineering and in 2004 received an honorary doctorate degree from IIT. He serves on the university's board of trustees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_sources_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Martin+Cooper%22+inventor">"Martin Cooper" inventor</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Martin+Cooper%22+inventor+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Martin+Cooper%22+inventor&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Martin+Cooper%22+inventor+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Martin+Cooper%22+inventor">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Martin+Cooper%22+inventor&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorola">Motorola</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Motorola"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cooper left his first job at <a href="/wiki/Teletype_Corporation" title="Teletype Corporation">Teletype</a> Corporation in Chicago in 1954 and joined Motorola, Inc. (<a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg, Illinois</a>) as a senior development engineer in the mobile equipment group. He developed products including the first cellular-like portable handheld police radio system, produced for the Chicago police department in 1967. <sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkTimes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 1970s, Cooper headed Motorola's communications systems division.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here he conceived of the first portable cellular phone in 1973 and led the 10-year process of bringing it to market.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phones</a> had been in limited use in large U.S. cities since the 1930s but Cooper championed cellular telephony for more general personal, portable communications.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed the cellular phone should be a "personal telephone – something that would represent an individual so you could assign a number; not to a place, not to a desk, not to a home, but to a person."<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Top management at Motorola supported Cooper's mobile phone concept, investing $100 million between 1973 and 1993 before any revenues were realized.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cooper assembled a team that designed and assembled a product in less than 90 days. That original handset, called the <a href="/wiki/DynaTAC_8000x" class="mw-redirect" title="DynaTAC 8000x">DynaTAC 8000x</a> (DYNamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage) weighed 2.5 pounds (1.1 kg), measured 10 inches (25 cm) long and was dubbed "the brick" or "the shoe" phone.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNCOM_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNCOM-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A very substantial part of the DynaTAC was the battery, which weighed four to five times more than a modern cell phone.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCnews_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCnews-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phone had only 30 minutes of talk time before requiring a 10-hour recharge but according to Cooper, "The battery lifetime wasn't really a problem because you couldn't hold that phone up for that long!" By 1983 and after four iterations, the handset was reduced to half its original weight. </p><p>Cooper is the lead inventor named on "radio telephone system" filed on October 17, 1973, with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Patent_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Patent Office">U.S. Patent Office</a> and later issued as U.S. Patent 3,906,166.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchell" title="John Francis Mitchell">John Francis Mitchell</a>, Motorola's Chief of Portable Communication Products (and Cooper's Manager and Mentor) and the engineers who worked for Cooper and Mitchell are also named on the patent. </p><p>On April 3, 1973, Cooper and Mitchell demonstrated two working phones to the media and to passers-by prior to walking into a scheduled press conference at the New York City Hilton in midtown Manhattan. Standing on Sixth avenue near the <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton</a>, Cooper made the first handheld cellular phone call in public from the prototype DynaTAC. The call connected him to a base station Motorola had installed on the roof of the <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Industries" title="Burlington Industries">Burlington House</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/AllianceBernstein" title="AllianceBernstein">AllianceBernstein Building</a>) and into the AT&T land-line telephone system.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkTimes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reporters and onlookers watched as Cooper dialed the number of his chief competitor Dr. <a href="/wiki/Joel_S._Engel" title="Joel S. Engel">Joel S. Engel</a> at AT&T.<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Joel, this is Marty. I'm calling you from a cell phone, a real handheld portable cell phone."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That public demonstration landed the DynaTAC on the July 1973 cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a></i> Magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkTimes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Cooper recalls from the experience: "I made numerous calls, including one where I crossed the street while talking to a New York radio reporter – probably one of the most dangerous things I have ever done in my life." </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/250px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/375px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/500px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Cooper holding a DynaTAC cellphone in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>That first cell phone began a fundamental technology and communications market shift to making <a href="/wiki/Phone_calls" class="mw-redirect" title="Phone calls">phone calls</a> to a person instead of to a place.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNCOM_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNCOM-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a> had introduced the idea of cellular communications in 1947, but their first systems were limited to <a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">car phones</a> which required roughly 30 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">pounds</a> (12 kg) of equipment in the trunk.<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motorola gained <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) approval for cellular licenses to be assigned to competing entities and prevented an AT&T monopoly on cellular service.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkTimes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cooper worked at Motorola for 29 years; building and managing both its paging and cellular businesses. He also led the creation of trunked mobile radio, quartz <a href="/wiki/Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">crystal oscillators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_displays" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal displays">liquid crystal displays</a>, piezo-electric components, Motorola <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">A.M.</a> stereo technology and various mobile and portable <a href="/wiki/Two-way_radio" title="Two-way radio">two-way radio</a> product lines. </p><p>Cooper rose to Vice-President and Corporate Director of Research and Development at Motorola.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to his work on the mobile cellular phone, he was instrumental in expanding the technology of <a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">pagers</a> from use within a single building to use across multiple cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cooper also worked with inventor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_L._Rose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford L. Rose (page does not exist)">Clifford L. Rose</a> to fix a flaw in <a href="/wiki/Quartz_crystals" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartz crystals">quartz crystals</a> used in Motorola's radios which encouraged the company to mass-produce the first crystals used in wrist watches.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cellular_Business_Systems">Cellular Business Systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cellular Business Systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dyna_LLC">Dyna LLC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dyna LLC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Cooper_and_Arlene_Harris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Martin_Cooper_and_Arlene_Harris.jpg/220px-Martin_Cooper_and_Arlene_Harris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Martin_Cooper_and_Arlene_Harris.jpg/330px-Martin_Cooper_and_Arlene_Harris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Martin_Cooper_and_Arlene_Harris.jpg/440px-Martin_Cooper_and_Arlene_Harris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Martin Cooper and <a href="/wiki/Arlene_Harris_(inventor)" title="Arlene Harris (inventor)">Arlene Harris</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cooper and his wife Arlene Harris founded Dyna LLC in 1986 as a home base for their developmental and support activities for the new companies, Subscriber Computing Inc., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellular_Pay_Phone,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cellular Pay Phone, Inc. (page does not exist)">Cellular Pay Phone, Inc.</a> (CPPI), SOS Wireless Communications and Accessible Wireless; the later two of which together created the underpinning for the creation of <a href="/wiki/GreatCall" class="mw-redirect" title="GreatCall">GreatCall</a>, were all launched from Dyna LLC. </p><p>From his Dyna headquarters Cooper continues to write and lecture about wireless communications, technological innovation, the Internet and R&D management. He serves on industry, civic and national governmental groups including the U.S. Department of Commerce Spectrum Advisory Committee that advises the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> of the United States on spectrum policy and the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Technological Advisory Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GreatCall,_Inc"><span id="GreatCall.2C_Inc"></span>GreatCall, Inc</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: GreatCall, Inc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986 Cooper co-founded Cellular Payphone Inc. (CPPI), the parent company of GreatCall, Inc., Innovator of the Jitterbug cell phone (in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GreatCall is the first complete end-to-end value-added service provider in the cellular industry to focus on simplicity with its primary emphasis on senior citizens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arraycomm">Arraycomm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arraycomm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1992 Cooper co-founded Arraycomm a developer of software for mobile antenna technologies. Under his leadership, the Company grew from a seed-funded startup in San Jose, California, into the world leader in <a href="/wiki/Smart_antenna" title="Smart antenna">smart antenna</a> technology with 400 patents issued or pending, worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energous.com">Energous.com</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Energous.com"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cooper joined the board of directors from 2015 to 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooper's_law"><span id="Cooper.27s_law"></span>Cooper's law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cooper's law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency</a></div> <p>Cooper found that the ability to transmit different radio communications simultaneously and in the same place has grown at the same pace since <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>'s first transmissions in 1895. This led Cooper to formulate the <b>Law of Spectral Efficiency</b>, otherwise known as <b>Cooper's Law</b>. The law states that the maximum number of voice conversations or equivalent data transactions that can be conducted in all of the useful <a href="/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">radio spectrum</a> over a given area doubles every 30 months.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latest_publications">Latest publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Latest publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"The Myth of Spectrum Scarcity" Position Paper, March 2010. </p><p>"Mobile WiMax – Fourth-Generation Wireless," Bechtel Communications Technical Journal, September 2007. </p><p>"The Need for Simplicity," in the anthology "Mobile Persuasion: 20 Perspectives on the Future of Behavior Change," published by Stanford University in 2007. </p><p>"Personal Communications in 2025" for <a href="/wiki/Eta_Kappa_Nu" title="Eta Kappa Nu">Eta Kappa Nu</a> Electrical and Computer Engineering Honor Society, Autumn 2005. </p><p>"Antennas Get Smart" in Scientific American, July 2003. </p><p>"Everyone is Wrong" in Technology Review, June 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_affiliations">Awards and affiliations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards and affiliations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mensa_International" title="Mensa International">Mensa</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> Centennial Medal and Fellow</li> <li>1995 – Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award</li> <li>1996 – Radio Club of America Fred Link Award and Life Fellow with the International Engineering Consortium</li> <li>2000 – "Red Herring" Magazine Top Ten Entrepreneurs of 2000</li> <li>2000 – <a href="/wiki/RCR_Wireless_News" title="RCR Wireless News">RCR Wireless News</a> Wireless Hall of Fame Inaugural Member</li> <li>2002 – <a href="/wiki/American_Computer_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="American Computer Museum">American Computer Museum</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Stibitz" title="George Stibitz">George Stibitz</a> Computer and Communications Pioneer Award</li> <li>2002 – Wireless Systems Design Industry Leader Award</li> <li>2006 – CITA Emerging Technologies Award</li> <li>2007 – Wireless World Research Forum Fellow</li> <li>2007 – Global Spec Great Moments Engineering Award</li> <li>2008 – CE Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame Award</li> <li>October 2008 – Top U.S. Wireless Innovators of All Time.</li> <li>2009 – <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Asturias Awards">Prince of Asturias Award</a> for scientific and technical research.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 – Life Trustee, Illinois Institute of Technology</li> <li>2010 – Radio Club of America, Lifetime Achievement Award</li> <li>October 2010 – Member, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a></li> <li>2011 – Inaugural <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>: The Man Who Changed the World Awards Nominee</li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/Webby_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Webby Award">Webby Award</a> for Lifetime Achievement</li> <li>2012 – Washington Society of Engineers, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Award" title="Washington Award">Washington Award</a></li> <li>2013 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize" title="Charles Stark Draper Prize">Charles Stark Draper Prize</a>, National Academy of Engineering</li> <li>2013 – Marconi Prize<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 – Honorary doctorate awarded by the students and the rector of <a href="/wiki/Hasselt_University" title="Hasselt University">Hasselt University</a> on the occasion of the university's 40th anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu Eminent Member <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.hkn.org/awards">[2]</a></li> <li>2019 – Leaves the Energous board of directors.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ITU150Awards-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITU150Awards_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://itu150.org/awards/">[1]</a> ITU 150 Awards</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2506300048.html">Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2008</a>. encyclopedia.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/07/technology/as-wireless-spectrum-is-squeezed-sharing-is-seen-as-solution.html?_r=0,">Companies Try to Create Room on Radio Spectrum</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, July 6, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/04/01/greene.first.cellphone.call/index.html">38 years ago he made the first cell phone call</a>, CNN. April 3, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/04/03/1167815751/50-years-ago-martin-cooper-made-the-first-cell-phone-call">50 years ago, Martin Cooper made the first cellphone call</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/2963619.stm">A Chat With the Man Behind the Mobiles</a>, BBC, April 21, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCnews-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCnews_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCnews_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/8639590.stm">Meet Marty Cooper, the Inventor of the Mobile Phone</a>, BBC, April 23, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economist_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/13725793?story_id=13725793,">Father of the Cell Phone</a>, Economist, June 4, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130628205859/http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-18560_162-6506912.html">The Cell Phone: Marty Coop's Big Idea</a>, CBS News 60 Minutes, June 11, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20070526/sub/wireless-hall-of-fame-arlene-harris/">Wireless Hall of Fame – Arlene Harris</a>, RCR Wireless, May 26, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/technology/mobile-carriers-warn-of-spectrum-crisis-others-see-hyperbole.html?pagewanted=all&_r=2&">Carriers Warn of Crisis in Mobile Spectrum</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, April 17, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewoftheweek.net/2011/12/14/jews-of-the-week-martin-cooper-joel-engel/">"Jews of the Week: Martin Cooper and Joel Engel | Jew of the Week"</a>. December 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jews+of+the+Week%3A+Martin+Cooper+and+Joel+Engel+%26%23124%3B+Jew+of+the+Week&rft.date=2011-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewoftheweek.net%2F2011%2F12%2F14%2Fjews-of-the-week-martin-cooper-joel-engel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210113155/https://jewishcurrents.org/jewdayo-grid/april-3-the-first-cell-phone-call/">"April 3: The First Cell Phone Call"</a>. <i>Jewish Currents</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishcurrents.org/jewdayo-grid/april-3-the-first-cell-phone-call">the original</a> on December 10, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Currents&rft.atitle=April+3%3A+The+First+Cell+Phone+Call&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishcurrents.org%2Fjewdayo-grid%2Fapril-3-the-first-cell-phone-call&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amuseum.org/jahf/nomination/nomination2.html">"Jewish-American Hall of Fame – Nominate Somebody"</a>. <i>amuseum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amuseum.org&rft.atitle=Jewish-American+Hall+of+Fame+%E2%80%93+Nominate+Somebody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amuseum.org%2Fjahf%2Fnomination%2Fnomination2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkTimes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oehmke, Ted (January 6, 2000) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/06/technology/cell-phones-ruin-the-opera-meet-the-culprit.html:pagewanted=all&srs=pm">Cell Phone Ruin the Opera? Meet the Culprit</a>, <i>The New York Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reed, Brad (May 9, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.networkworld.com/supp/2011/25thanniversary/050911-anniversary-cooper.html">Meet the guy who made the first cellphone call 40 years ago today</a>, Network World.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071104110249/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1677329_1677708_1677825,00.html">Best Inventions of 2007</a>, <i>Time</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2383578,00.asp">Inventor of the Cell Phone Says No to AT&T-Mobile, Yes to Apps, and More</a>, PC Magazine, April 15, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNCOM-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNNCOM_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNCOM_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/mobile/07/09/cooper.cell.phone.inventor/index.html?hpt=Sbin">Inventor of Cell Phone: We Knew Someday Everybody Would Have One</a>, CNN, July 9, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, Martin <i>et al.</i> "All Signaling" <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3906166">U.S. patent 3,906,166</a></span>, Issued September 1, 1975</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/04/dayintech_0403">April 3, 1973: Motorola Calls AT&T...by Cell</a>, Wired, April 3, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12784072">Twitter, Telegram and Email: Famous First Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, March 21, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itp.net/579308-coopers-calling">Cooper's Calling</a>, ITP Net, April 21, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scientific-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=antennas-get-smart">Antennas Get Smart</a>, Scientific American, June 9, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReview" class="citation web cs1">Review, Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401054/everyone-is-wrong/">"Everyone Is Wrong"</a>. <i>MIT Technology Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+Technology+Review&rft.atitle=Everyone+Is+Wrong&rft.aulast=Review&rft.aufirst=Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Fs%2F401054%2Feveryone-is-wrong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"They're Accomplished, They're Famous, and They're MENSANS". <i>Mensa Bulletin</i> (476). American Mensa: 25. July 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-9543">0025-9543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mensa+Bulletin&rft.atitle=They%27re+Accomplished%2C+They%27re+Famous%2C+and+They%27re+MENSANS&rft.issue=476&rft.pages=25&rft.date=2004-07&rft.issn=0025-9543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716133104/http://fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/en/press/news/the-fathers-of-the-mobile-phone-and-email-prince-of-asturias-award-laureates-for-technical-and-scientific-research/">"The fathers of the mobile phone and email, Prince of Asturias Award Laureates for Technical and Scientific Research"</a> (Press release). Fundación Príncipe de Asturias. June 17, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/en/press/news/the-fathers-of-the-mobile-phone-and-email-prince-of-asturias-award-laureates-for-technical-and-scientific-research/">the original</a> on July 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+fathers+of+the+mobile+phone+and+email%2C+Prince+of+Asturias+Award+Laureates+for+Technical+and+Scientific+Research&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3n+Pr%C3%ADncipe+de+Asturias&rft.date=2009-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffundacionprincipedeasturias.org%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fnews%2Fthe-fathers-of-the-mobile-phone-and-email-prince-of-asturias-award-laureates-for-technical-and-scientific-research%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marconisociety.org/fellows/martin-cooper/">"Martin Cooper – Marconi Society"</a>. October 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Cooper+%E2%80%93+Marconi+Society&rft.date=2013-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarconisociety.org%2Ffellows%2Fmartin-cooper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobileztech4u.blogspot.com/2020/06/who-invented-mobile-phone-and-when.html">"Martin Cooper - Marconi Award 2013"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Cooper+-+Marconi+Award+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobileztech4u.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F06%2Fwho-invented-mobile-phone-and-when.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Cooper+%28inventor%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uhasselt.be/UH/Agenda/Agenda-2013/Academische-Openingszitting-2013-2014.html">Academische Openingszitting 2013–2014</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222731/https://www.uhasselt.be/UH/Agenda/Agenda-2013/Academische-Openingszitting-2013-2014.html">Archived</a> May 24, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. uhasselt.be. September 27, 2013</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Cooper_(inventor)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a 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Pierce">John R. Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_A._Rosen" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold A. Rosen">Harold A. Rosen</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Maurer" title="Robert D. Maurer">Robert D. Maurer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_B._MacChesney" title="John B. MacChesney">John B. MacChesney</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinton_Cerf" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinton Cerf">Vinton Cerf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_G._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence G. Roberts">Lawrence G. Roberts</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert Langer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Getting" title="Ivan Getting">Ivan Getting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Parkinson" title="Bradford Parkinson">Bradford Parkinson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay </a> / <a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Taylor (computer scientist)">Robert Taylor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">Charles P. Thacker</a> (2004)</li> <li>Minoru S. Araki / Francis J. Madden / Edward A. Miller / <a href="/wiki/James_W._Plummer" title="James W. Plummer">James W. Plummer</a> / Don H. Schoessler (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">George E. Smith</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard">Robert H. Dennard</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willem_P._C._Stemmer" title="Willem P. C. Stemmer">Willem P. C. Stemmer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Helfrich" title="Wolfgang Helfrich">Wolfgang Helfrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schadt" title="Martin Schadt">Martin Schadt</a> / <a href="/wiki/T._Peter_Brody" title="T. Peter Brody">T. Peter Brody</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haug" title="Thomas Haug">Thomas Haug</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yoshihisa_Okumura" title="Yoshihisa Okumura">Yoshihisa Okumura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Frenkiel" title="Richard H. Frenkiel">Richard H. Frenkiel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joel_S._Engel" title="Joel S. Engel">Joel S. Engel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / Yoshio Nishi / <a href="/wiki/Rachid_Yazami" title="Rachid Yazami">Rachid Yazami</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._George_Craford" title="M. George Craford">George Craford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dupuis" title="Russell Dupuis">Russell Dupuis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew Viterbi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup" title="Bjarne Stroustrup">Bjarne Stroustrup</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fr%C3%A9chet" title="Jean Fréchet">Jean Fréchet</a> / C. Grant Willson (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Furber" title="Steve Furber">Steve Furber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">David Patterson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Wilson" title="Sophie Wilson">Sophie Wilson</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Technical and Scientific Research</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Sols" title="Alberto Sols">Alberto Sols</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ballester" title="Manuel Ballester">Manuel Ballester</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Santal%C3%B3" title="Luis Santaló">Luis Antonio Santaló Sors</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Garcia-Bellido" title="Antonio Garcia-Bellido">Antonio Garcia-Bellido</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_V%C3%A1zquez_Mart%C3%ADnez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Vázquez Martínez (page does not exist)">David Vázquez Martínez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Rosenblueth" title="Emilio Rosenblueth">Emilio Rosenblueth</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio González González (chemist) (page does not exist)">Antonio González González</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Convit" title="Jacinto Convit">Jacinto Convit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rudom%C3%ADn_Zevnovaty" title="Pablo Rudomín Zevnovaty">Pablo Rudomín</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardona" title="Manuel Cardona">Manuel Cardona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcos_Moshinsky" title="Marcos Moshinsky">Marcos Moshinsky</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Guido_M%C3%BCnch" title="Guido Münch">Guido Münch</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Grisol%C3%ADa,_1st_Marquess_of_Grisol%C3%ADa" title="Santiago Grisolía, 1st Marquess of Grisolía">Santiago Grisolía</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Moncada" title="Salvador Moncada">Salvador Moncada</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Bol%C3%ADvar_Zapata" title="Francisco Bolívar Zapata">Francisco Bolívar Zapata</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Moliner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico García Moliner (page does not exist)">Federico García Moliner</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Amable_Li%C3%B1%C3%A1n" title="Amable Liñán">Amable Liñán</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Elkin_Patarroyo" title="Manuel Elkin Patarroyo">Manuel Patarroyo</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Losada_Villasante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Losada Villasante (page does not exist)">Manuel Losada Villasante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Biodiversidad" title="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad">Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad</a> of Costa Rica</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Fuster" title="Valentín Fuster">Valentín Fuster</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site_of_Atapuerca" title="Archaeological site of Atapuerca">Atapuerca</a> research team</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_M%C3%A9ndez_P%C3%A9rez" title="Emilio Méndez Pérez">Emilio Méndez Pérez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Miguel_Etxenike" title="Pedro Miguel Etxenike">Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Miledi" title="Ricardo Miledi">Ricardo Miledi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Moreno_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Enrique Moreno González">Enrique Moreno González</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gallo" title="Robert Gallo">Robert Gallo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">Craig Venter</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John Sulston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Weissenbach" title="Jean Weissenbach">Jean Weissenbach</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Roberts_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Roberts (scientist)">Lawrence Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Robert E. Kahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vinton Cerf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Judah_Folkman" title="Judah Folkman">Judah Folkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_R._Hunter" title="Anthony R. Hunter">Tony Hunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Massagu%C3%A9" title="Joan Massagué">Joan Massagué</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein" title="Bert Vogelstein">Bert Vogelstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Damasio" title="Antonio Damasio">Antonio Damasio</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Juan Ignacio Cirac</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Anthony_Lawrence" title="Peter Anthony Lawrence">Peter Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_Morata" title="Ginés Morata">Ginés Morata</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Sumio_Iijima" title="Sumio Iijima">Sumio Iijima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert Langer</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin Marks</a></li> <li>2009: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Cooper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Tomlinson" title="Ray Tomlinson">Raymond Tomlinson</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Minke" title="Baruch Minke">Baruch Minke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linda_R._Watkins" title="Linda R. Watkins">Linda Watkins</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Altman" title="Joseph Altman">Joseph Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alvarez-Buylla" title="Arturo Alvarez-Buylla">Arturo Álvarez-Buylla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Rizzolatti" title="Giacomo Rizzolatti">Giacomo Rizzolatti</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lerner" title="Richard Lerner">Richard A. Lerner</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Avel%C2%B7l%C3%AD_Corma_Can%C3%B3s" title="Avel·lí Corma Canós">Avelino Corma Canós</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Davis" title="Mark E. Davis">Mark E. Davis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galen_D._Stucky" title="Galen D. Stucky">Galen D. Stucky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Technical_and_Scientific_Research" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Herr" title="Hugh Herr">Hugh Herr</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip S. Thorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry C. Barish</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> Scientific Collaboration</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Chory" title="Joanne Chory">Joanne Chory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandra_D%C3%ADaz_(ecologist)" title="Sandra Díaz (ecologist)">Sandra Myrna Díaz</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Meyer" title="Yves Meyer">Yves Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terence_Tao" title="Terence Tao">Terence Tao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Cand%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Candès">Emmanuel Candès</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Felgner" title="Philip Felgner">Philip Felgner</a>, <a href="/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_%C5%9Eahin" title="Uğur Şahin">Uğur Şahin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zlem_T%C3%BCreci" title="Özlem Türeci">Özlem Türeci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derrick_Rossi" title="Derrick Rossi">Derrick Rossi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_I._Gordon" title="Jeffrey I. Gordon">Jeffrey I. Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everett_Peter_Greenberg" title="Everett Peter Greenberg">Everett Peter Greenberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Drucker" title="Daniel J. Drucker">Daniel J. Drucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey M. Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Habener" title="Joel Habener">Joel F. Habener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Juul_Holst" title="Jens Juul Holst">Jens Juul Holst</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Mojsov" title="Svetlana Mojsov">Svetlana Mojsov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319383#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319383#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319383#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/304334402">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1036622525">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2020047186">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> 81127589 call history</p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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