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Parni conquest of Parthia - Wikipedia

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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Parni conquest of Parthia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Parthian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Parthian wars">Seleucid–Parthian wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg/350px-Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg/525px-Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg/700px-Rome-Seleucia-Parthia_200bc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="567" /></a></span><br />Location of Parthia.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>238 BC</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Parni victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Parni" title="Parni">Parni</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Kingdom of Parthia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Arsaces_I_of_Parthia" title="Arsaces I of Parthia">Arsaces</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Andragoras_(Seleucid_satrap)" title="Andragoras (Seleucid satrap)">Andragoras</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;Old English Text MT&#39;,serif"><b>&#8224;</b></span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div 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style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seleucid–Parthian_wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Seleucid–Parthian Wars">Seleucid–Parthian wars <br /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parni conquest of Parthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Labus" title="Battle of Mount Labus">Mount Labus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Syrinx&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Syrinx (page does not exist)">Syrinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ecbatana" title="Battle of Ecbatana">Ecbatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In 245 BC, <a href="/wiki/Andragoras_(Seleucid_satrap)" title="Andragoras (Seleucid satrap)">Andragoras</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucid</a> governor (<a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Parthia_(satrapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthia (satrapy)">Parthia</a> ("roughly western <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khurasan</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Bickerman_1983_6_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bickerman_1983_6-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) proclaimed independence from the Seleucids, when - following the death of <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus II">Antiochus II</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy III">Ptolemy III</a> seized control of the Seleucid capital at <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, and "so left the future of the Seleucid dynasty for a moment in question."<sup id="cite_ref-Bivar_2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bivar_2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, "a man called <a href="/wiki/Arsaces_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsaces I">Arsaces</a>, of Scythian or Bactrian<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Arsaces_Bactriannone"><a href="#endnote_Arsaces_Bactriannone">[a]</a></sup> origin, [was] elected leader of the <a href="/wiki/Parni" title="Parni">Parni</a> tribes."<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_2007_7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis_2007_7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following the secession of Parthia from the Seleucid Empire and the resultant loss of Seleucid military support, Andragoras had difficulty in maintaining his borders, and about 238 BCE—under the command of "Arsaces and his brother <a href="/wiki/Tiridates_I_of_Parthia" title="Tiridates I of Parthia">Tiridates</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_2007_7_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis_2007_7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bivar_1983_29_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bivar_1983_29-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>—the Parni invaded<sup id="cite_ref-Bickerman_1983_19_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bickerman_1983_19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Parthia and seized control of Astabene (Astawa), the northern region of that territory, the administrative capital of which was Kabuchan (<a href="/wiki/Kuchan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuchan">Kuchan</a> in the vulgate). </p><p>A short while later the Parni seized the rest of Parthia from Andragoras, killing him in the process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_conquest_of_Parthia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parni" title="Parni">Parni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Seleucid–Parthian Wars">Seleucid–Parthian Wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_conquest_of_Parthia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>a<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Arsaces_Bactriannone"><a href="#ref_Arsaces_Bactriannone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> Arsaces was "perhaps originally a local ruler in Bactria."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198331_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198331-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bickerman_1983_6-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bickerman_1983_6_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBickerman1983">Bickerman 1983</a>, p.&#160;6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bivar_2003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bivar_2003_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBivar2003">Bivar 2003</a>, para. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis_2007_7-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_2007_7_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_2007_7_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurtisStewart2007">Curtis &amp; Stewart 2007</a>, p.&#160;7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bivar_1983_29-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bivar_1983_29_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBivar1983">Bivar 1983</a>, p.&#160;29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bickerman_1983_19-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bickerman_1983_19_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBickerman1983">Bickerman 1983</a>, p.&#160;19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198331-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198331_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBivar1983">Bivar 1983</a>, p.&#160;31.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_conquest_of_Parthia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBickerman1983" class="citation cs2">Bickerman, Elias J. (1983), "The Seleucid Period", in Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.), <i>Cambridge History of Iran</i>, vol.&#160;3, London: Cambridge UP, pp.&#160;3–20</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Seleucid+Period&amp;rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Iran&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=3-20&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+UP&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.aulast=Bickerman&amp;rft.aufirst=Elias+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParni+conquest+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBivar1983" class="citation cs2">Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), "The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids", in Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.), <i>Cambridge History of Iran</i>, vol.&#160;3, London: Cambridge UP, pp.&#160;21–99</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Political+History+of+Iran+under+the+Arsacids&amp;rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Iran&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=21-99&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+UP&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.aulast=Bivar&amp;rft.aufirst=A.D.H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParni+conquest+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBivar2003" class="citation cs2">Bivar, A.D.H. (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gorgan-v">"Gorgan v.: Pre-Islamic History"</a>, <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>, vol.&#160;11, New York: iranica.com</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Gorgan+v.%3A+Pre-Islamic+History&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=iranica.com&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.aulast=Bivar&amp;rft.aufirst=A.D.H.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgorgan-v&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParni+conquest+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtisStewart2007" class="citation cs2">Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah, eds. (2007), <i>The Age of the Parthians</i>, Ideas of Iran, vol. 2, London: I. B. Tauris</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Parthians&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.series=Ideas+of+Iran%2C+vol.+2&amp;rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParni+conquest+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parthian_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parthian_Empire" title="Template:Parthian Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parthian_Empire" title="Template talk:Parthian Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parthian_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parthian Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parthian_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parni" title="Parni">Parni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahae" title="Dahae">Dahae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parni conquest of Parthia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Iberia">Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Caucasian_Albania" title="Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chosroid_dynasty" title="Chosroid dynasty">Chosroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noble clans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Great_Houses_of_Iran" title="Seven Great Houses of Iran">Seven Great Houses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Ispahbudhan" title="House of Ispahbudhan">Ispahbudhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Karen" title="House of Karen">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mihran" title="House of Mihran">Mihran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Spandiyadh" title="House of Spandiyadh">Spandiyadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Suren" title="House of Suren">Suren</a></li> <li>Varaz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Zik" title="House of Zik">Zik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_art" title="Parthian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_coinage" title="Parthian coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_dress" title="Parthian dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_music" title="Parthian music">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Seleucid–Parthian Wars">Seleucid–Parthian Wars</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ecbatana" title="Battle of Ecbatana">Battle of Ecbatana</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Roman–Parthian Wars">Roman–Parthian Wars</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_War_of_58%E2%80%9363" title="Roman–Parthian War of 58–63">Roman–Parthian War of 58–63</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_War_of_161%E2%80%93166" title="Roman–Parthian War of 161–166">Roman–Parthian War of 161–166</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Antony%27s_Atropatene_campaign" title="Antony&#39;s Atropatene campaign">Antony's Atropatene campaign</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pompeian%E2%80%93Parthian_invasion_of_40_BC" title="Pompeian–Parthian invasion of 40 BC">Pompeian–Parthian invasion of 40 BC</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(165)" title="Battle of Ctesiphon (165)">Battle of Ctesiphon (165)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(198)" title="Battle of Ctesiphon (198)">Battle of Ctesiphon (198)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrhae" title="Battle of Carrhae">Battle of Carrhae</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Cilician_Gates" title="Battle of the Cilician Gates">Battle of the Cilician Gates</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Gindarus" title="Battle of Mount Gindarus">Battle of Mount Gindarus</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amanus_Pass" title="Battle of Amanus Pass">Battle of Amanus Pass</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nisibis_(217)" title="Battle of Nisibis (217)">Battle of Nisibis (217)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Parthian_war_of_Caracalla" title="Parthian war of Caracalla">Parthian war of Caracalla</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Parthian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian–Parthian War">Armenian–Parthian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian%E2%80%93Bactrian_War" title="Parthian–Bactrian War">Bactrian–Parthian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_army" title="Parthian army">Parthian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Dark_Age" title="Parthian Dark Age">Parthian Dark Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_shot" title="Parthian shot">Parthian shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Iranian_relations" title="Roman–Iranian relations">Roman–Iranian relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Parthia" title="List of monarchs of Parthia">Parthian monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Parthian_sub-kingdoms" title="List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms">Rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐694cf4987f‐72grp Cached time: 20241125225355 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.318 seconds Real time usage: 0.524 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 846/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29421/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1397/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29801/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.218/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4883542/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 348.520 1 -total 34.12% 118.924 4 Template:Citation 29.32% 102.181 1 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