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So she came to test him with riddles. <a href="/amp/1_kings/10.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Now when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to test him with riddles. <a href="/csb/1_kings/10.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> The queen of Sheba heard about Solomon’s fame connected with the name of the LORD and came to test him with difficult questions. <a href="/hcsb/1_kings/10.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> The queen of Sheba heard about Solomon&#8217s fame connected with the name of Yahweh and came to test him with difficult questions. <a href="/asv/1_kings/10.htm">American Standard Version</a> And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of Jehovah, she came to prove him with hard questions. <a href="/cev/1_kings/10.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> The Queen of Sheba heard how famous Solomon was, so she went to Jerusalem to test him with difficult questions. <a href="/erv/1_kings/10.htm">English Revised Version</a> And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions. <a href="/gwt/1_kings/10.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> The queen of Sheba heard about Solomon's reputation. (He owed his reputation to the name of the LORD.) So she came to test him with riddles. <a href="/gnt/1_kings/10.htm">Good News Translation</a> The queen of Sheba heard of Solomon's fame, and she traveled to Jerusalem to test him with difficult questions. <a href="/isv/1_kings/10.htm">International Standard Version</a> When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon's reputation with the LORD, she came to test him with difficult questions. <a href="/msb/1_kings/10.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Now when the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to test him with difficult questions. <a href="/net/1_kings/10.htm">NET Bible</a> When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon, she came to challenge him with difficult questions. <a href="/nheb/1_kings/10.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> When the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions. <a href="/wbt/1_kings/10.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions. <a href="/web/1_kings/10.htm">World English Bible</a> When the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning Yahweh’s name, she came to test him with hard questions. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/1_kings/10.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And the queen of Sheba is hearing of the fame of Solomon concerning the Name of YHWH, and comes to try him with enigmas, <a href="/ylt/1_kings/10.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And the queen of Sheba is hearing of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of Jehovah, and cometh to try him with enigmas, <a href="/slt/1_kings/10.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And queen Sheba heard the report of Solomon for the name of Jehovah, and she will come to try him in enigmas.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/1_kings/10.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And the queen of Saba, having; heard of the fame of Solomon in the name of the Lord, came to try him with hard questions. <a href="/cpdv/1_kings/10.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> Then, too, the queen of Sheba, having heard of the fame of Solomon in the name of the Lord, arrived to test him with enigmas. <a href="/nabre/1_kings/10.htm">New American Bible</a> The queen of Sheba, having heard a report of Solomon’s fame, came to test him with subtle questions. <a href="/nrsvce/1_kings/10.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> When the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon (fame due to the name of the LORD), she came to test him with hard questions.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/1_kings/10.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> AND when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon and the name of the LORD, she came to try him out with proverbs. <a href="/hpbt/1_kings/10.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And the Queen of Sheba heard the fame of Solomon and the name of LORD JEHOVAH, and she came to test him with riddles.<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/1_kings/10.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon because of the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions. <a href="/sep/1_kings/10.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And the queen of Saba heard of the name of Solomon, and the name of the Lord, and she came to try him with riddles. <a href="/parallel/1_kings/10-1.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xx9A0AxPaoQ?start=3897" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/1_kings/10.htm">The Queen of Sheba</a> 1<a href="/hebrew/4436.htm" title="4436: ū·mal·kaṯ- (Conj-w:: N-fsc) -- Queen. Feminine of melek; a queen.">Now when the queen</a> <a href="/hebrew/7614.htm" title="7614: šə·ḇā (N-proper-ms) -- Of foreign origin; Sheba, the name of three early progenitors of tribes and of an Ethiopian district.">of Sheba</a> <a href="/hebrew/8085.htm" title="8085: šō·ma·‘aṯ (V-Qal-Prtcpl-fs) -- To hear. A primitive root; to hear intelligently.">heard</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/8088.htm" title="8088: šê·ma‘ (N-msc) -- A hearing, report. From shama'; something heard, i.e. A sound, rumor, announcement; abstractly, audience.">about the fame</a> <a href="/hebrew/8010.htm" title="8010: šə·lō·mōh (N-proper-ms) -- David's son and successor to his throne. From shalowm; peaceful; Shelomah, David's successor.">of Solomon</a> <a href="/hebrew/8034.htm" title="8034: lə·šêm (Prep-l:: N-msc) -- A primitive word; an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character.">concerning the name</a> <a href="/hebrew/3068.htm" title="3068: Yah·weh (N-proper-ms) -- The proper name of the God of Israel. From hayah; self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.">of the LORD,</a> <a href="/hebrew/935.htm" title="935: wat·tā·ḇō (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To come in, come, go in, go. A primitive root; to go or come.">she came</a> <a href="/hebrew/5254.htm" title="5254: lə·nas·sō·ṯōw (Prep-l:: V-Piel-Inf:: 3ms) -- To test, try. A primitive root; to test; by implication, to attempt.">to test him</a> <a href="/hebrew/2420.htm" title="2420: bə·ḥî·ḏō·wṯ (Prep-b:: N-fp) -- A riddle, an enigmatic, perplexing saying or question. From chuwd; a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim.">with difficult questions.</a> 2She arrived in Jerusalem with a very large caravan—with camels bearing spices, gold in great abundance, and precious stones. So she came to Solomon and spoke to him all that was on her mind.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/2_chronicles/9-1.htm">2 Chronicles 9:1</a> Now when the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon, she came to test him with difficult questions. She arrived in Jerusalem with a very large caravan—with camels bearing spices, gold in abundance, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon and spoke with him about all that was on her mind. <a href="/matthew/12-42.htm">Matthew 12:42</a> The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here. <a href="/luke/11-31.htm">Luke 11:31</a> The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here. <a href="/psalms/72-10.htm">Psalm 72:10-11</a> May the kings of Tarshish and distant shores bring tribute; may the kings of Sheba and Seba offer gifts. / May all kings bow down to him and all nations serve him. <a href="/isaiah/60-6.htm">Isaiah 60:6</a> Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD. <a href="/2_chronicles/9-23.htm">2 Chronicles 9:23-24</a> All the kings of the earth sought an audience with Solomon to hear the wisdom that God had put in his heart. / Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules. <a href="/1_kings/4-34.htm">1 Kings 4:34</a> So men of all nations came to listen to Solomon’s wisdom, sent by all the kings of the earth, who had heard of his wisdom. <a href="/1_kings/3-28.htm">1 Kings 3:28</a> When all Israel heard of the judgment the king had given, they stood in awe of him, for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him to administer justice. <a href="/1_kings/5-7.htm">1 Kings 5:7</a> When Hiram received Solomon’s message, he rejoiced greatly and said, “Blessed be the LORD this day! He has given David a wise son over this great people!” <a href="/1_kings/9-1.htm">1 Kings 9:1-2</a> Now when Solomon had finished building the house of the LORD and the royal palace, and had achieved all that he had desired to do, / the LORD appeared to him a second time, as He had appeared to him at Gibeon. <a href="/1_kings/9-26.htm">1 Kings 9:26-28</a> King Solomon also assembled a fleet of ships at Ezion-geber, which is near Eloth in Edom, on the shore of the Red Sea. / And Hiram sent his servants, sailors who knew the sea, to serve in the fleet with Solomon’s servants. / They sailed to Ophir and imported gold from there—420 talents—and delivered it to Solomon. <a href="/1_kings/4-21.htm">1 Kings 4:21</a> And Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life. <a href="/1_kings/8-41.htm">1 Kings 8:41-43</a> And as for the foreigner who is not of Your people Israel but has come from a distant land because of Your name— / for they will hear of Your great name and mighty hand and outstretched arm—when he comes and prays toward this temple, / then may You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place, and do according to all for which the foreigner calls to You. Then all the peoples of the earth will know Your name and fear You, as do Your people Israel, and they will know that this house I have built is called by Your Name. <a href="/1_kings/3-12.htm">1 Kings 3:12</a> behold, I will do what you have asked. I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been another like you, nor will there ever be. <a href="/1_kings/5-12.htm">1 Kings 5:12</a> And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as He had promised him. There was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions.A.<a href="/2_chronicles/9-1.htm">2 Chronicles 9:1</a> And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, she came to prove Solomon with hard questions at Jerusalem, with a very great company, and camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart.<a href="/matthew/12-42.htm">Matthew 12:42</a> The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.<a href="/luke/11-31.htm">Luke 11:31</a> The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and condemn them: for she came from the utmost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.Sheba<a href="/genesis/10-7.htm">Genesis 10:7,28</a> And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtecha: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan… <a href="/genesis/25-3.htm">Genesis 25:3</a> And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim.<a href="/job/6-19.htm">Job 6:19</a> The troops of Tema looked, the companies of Sheba waited for them.heard<a href="/1_kings/4-31.htm">1 Kings 4:31,34</a> For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in all nations round about… concerning<a href="/job/28-28.htm">Job 28:28</a> And unto man he said, Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding.<a href="/proverbs/2-3.htm">Proverbs 2:3-6</a> Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding; … <a href="/john/17-3.htm">John 17:3</a> And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.prove him<a href="/judges/14-12.htm">Judges 14:12-14</a> And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets and thirty change of garments: … <a href="/psalms/49-4.htm">Psalm 49:4</a> I will incline mine ear to a parable: I will open my dark saying upon the harp.<a href="/proverbs/1-5.htm">Proverbs 1:5,6</a> A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels: … <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/2_samuel/13-14.htm">Connection</a> <a href="/2_samuel/13-2.htm">Difficult</a> <a href="/proverbs/1-6.htm">Enigmas</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-31.htm">Fame</a> <a href="/1_kings/8-65.htm">Great</a> <a href="/2_samuel/24-14.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/1_kings/9-3.htm">Heard</a> <a href="/1_kings/8-52.htm">Hearing</a> <a href="/1_kings/1-52.htm">Prove</a> <a href="/revelation/18-7.htm">Queen</a> <a href="/2_samuel/11-7.htm">Questions</a> <a href="/ruth/4-14.htm">Relation</a> <a href="/2_samuel/20-22.htm">Sheba</a> <a href="/1_kings/9-28.htm">Solomon</a> <a href="/2_samuel/2-14.htm">Test</a> <a href="/1_samuel/26-21.htm">Try</a> <a href="/1_kings/7-14.htm">Wisdom</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_chronicles/2-24.htm">Connection</a> <a href="/2_kings/2-10.htm">Difficult</a> <a href="/proverbs/1-6.htm">Enigmas</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-7.htm">Fame</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-2.htm">Great</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-3.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-6.htm">Heard</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-8.htm">Hearing</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/19-13.htm">Prove</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-4.htm">Queen</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-3.htm">Questions</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/26-29.htm">Relation</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-4.htm">Sheba</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-2.htm">Solomon</a> <a href="/job/7-18.htm">Test</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/29-17.htm">Try</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-4.htm">Wisdom</a><div class="vheading2">1 Kings 10</div>1. <a href="/1_kings/10-1.htm">The queen of Sheba admires the wisdom of Solomon</a> 14. <a href="/1_kings/10-14.htm">Solomon's gold</a> 16. <a href="/1_kings/10-16.htm">His targets</a> 18. <a href="/1_kings/10-18.htm">The throne of ivory</a> 21. <a href="/1_kings/10-21.htm">His vessels</a> 24. <a href="/1_kings/10-24.htm">His presents</a> 26. <a href="/1_kings/10-26.htm">his chariots and horse</a> 28. <a href="/1_kings/10-28.htm">his tribute</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/1_kings/10.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/1_kings/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/1_kings/10.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>Now when the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon The Queen of Sheba is traditionally understood to be from the region of modern-day Yemen or Ethiopia. Her visit signifies the far-reaching reputation of Solomon's wisdom and wealth. This fame was not merely about Solomon's personal achievements but was intrinsically linked to his relationship with God. The fame of Solomon had spread across the ancient world, indicating the extent of Israel's influence during his reign. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to make Solomon renowned (<a href="/1_kings/3-12.htm">1 Kings 3:12-13</a>).concerning the name of the LORD Solomon's wisdom and prosperity were attributed to his relationship with the LORD, the covenant God of Israel. The phrase underscores that Solomon's fame was not just for his own sake but was a testimony to the power and blessing of God. This aligns with the biblical theme that Israel was to be a light to the nations, showcasing the glory of God (<a href="/isaiah/49-6.htm">Isaiah 49:6</a>). The Queen of Sheba's interest in Solomon's wisdom was, therefore, an interest in the God who granted it.she came to test him with difficult questions The Queen's journey was not merely diplomatic but also intellectual and spiritual. In the ancient Near East, rulers often engaged in exchanges of wisdom and riddles as a way to test each other's knowledge and understanding. Her testing of Solomon with difficult questions indicates a genuine quest for truth and understanding. This encounter prefigures the New Testament account of the Magi seeking Jesus, the true wisdom of God (<a href="/matthew/2.htm">Matthew 2:1-12</a>). Solomon, as a type of Christ, foreshadows the ultimate wisdom and truth found in Jesus.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/q/queen_of_sheba.htm">Queen of Sheba</a> A monarch from a wealthy and distant land, often associated with the region of modern-day Yemen or Ethiopia. She is known for her wisdom and curiosity, seeking to understand Solomon's wisdom and his relationship with God. 2. <a href="/topical/s/solomon.htm">Solomon</a> The King of Israel, renowned for his wisdom, wealth, and his relationship with God. His fame had spread far and wide, attracting the attention of foreign dignitaries like the Queen of Sheba. 3. <a href="/topical/s/sheba.htm">Sheba</a> A kingdom believed to be located in the southern Arabian Peninsula or the Horn of Africa. It was known for its wealth, particularly in spices and gold. 4. <a href="/topical/t/the_lord.htm">The LORD</a> The covenant name of God, Yahweh, indicating a personal and relational aspect of God with His people, which was a significant part of Solomon's fame. 5. <a href="/topical/d/difficult_questions.htm">Difficult Questions</a> The Queen of Sheba came to test Solomon with challenging questions, indicating a desire to probe the depth of his wisdom and understanding.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/p/pursuit_of_wisdom.htm">Pursuit of Wisdom</a> The Queen of Sheba's journey to seek Solomon's wisdom underscores the value of pursuing godly wisdom. Believers are encouraged to seek wisdom from God, who is the source of all understanding. <a href="/topical/i/influence_of_a_godly_reputation.htm">Influence of a Godly Reputation</a> Solomon's relationship with God was known far and wide, attracting others to seek the truth. Our lives should reflect our relationship with God, drawing others to Him. <a href="/topical/t/testing_and_proving_faith.htm">Testing and Proving Faith</a> Just as the Queen tested Solomon, our faith and understanding may be tested. We should be prepared to give an account of the hope and wisdom we have in Christ. <a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_curiosity_in_faith.htm">The Role of Curiosity in Faith</a> The Queen's curiosity led her to discover the truth about Solomon and his God. Healthy curiosity can lead us to deeper understanding and faith. <a href="/topical/t/the_impact_of_god's_blessing.htm">The Impact of God's Blessing</a> Solomon's wisdom and wealth were a testament to God's blessing. Our lives should reflect God's blessings in a way that points others to Him.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_1_kings_10.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 1 Kings 10</a> <a href="/q/what_defines_ethiopian_orthodoxy.htm">What defines the Ethiopian Orthodox Church?</a> <a href="/q/who_was_the_queen_of_sheba.htm">Who was the Queen of Sheba?</a> <a href="/q/how_to_verify_queen_of_sheba's_journey.htm">In 1 Kings 10:1-13, how can we historically verify the Queen of Sheba’s existence and journey when evidence outside the Bible is scarce or disputed?</a> <a href="/q/is_the_queen_of_sheba's_visit_historical.htm">Does the account of the Queen of Sheba’s visit in 2 Chronicles 9:1–12 have any historical basis or extra-biblical support? </a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/1_kings/10.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(1) The queen of Sheba.--The name "Sheba" must be distinguished from Seba, or Saba (which begins with a different Hebrew letter), (a) The name Seba denotes a Cushite race (<a href="/genesis/10-7.htm" title="And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtechah: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.">Genesis 10:7</a>), connected, in <a href="/isaiah/43-3.htm" title="For I am the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior: I gave Egypt for your ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for you.">Isaiah 43:3</a>; <a href="/isaiah/45-14.htm" title="Thus said the LORD, The labor of Egypt, and merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over to you, and they shall be yours: they shall come after you; in chains they shall come over, and they shall fall down to you, they shall make supplication to you, saying, Surely God is in you; and there is none else, there is no God.">Isaiah 45:14</a>, with Egypt and Cush, and named with Sheba ("the kings of Sheba and Seba")in the Psalm of Solomon (<a href="/psalms/72-10.htm" title="The kings of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents: the kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts.">Psalm 72:10</a>). Seba is, indeed, with great probability identified (see Jos. Ant. ii. 10, 2) with the Ethiopian city and island of Meroe. It is probably from confusion between Sheba and Saba that Josephus (Ant. viii. 6, 5) represents the queen of Sheba as a "queen of Egypt and Ethiopia." (b) The name "Sheba" is found in the ethnological lists of <a href="/genesis/10-7.htm" title="And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtechah: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.">Genesis 10:7</a>, among the descendants of Cush of the Hamite race, in <a href="/genesis/10-28.htm" title="And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,">Genesis 10:28</a>, among the Semitic Joktanites, and in <a href="/genesis/25-3.htm" title="And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim.">Genesis 25:3</a>, among the Abrahamic children of Keturah. The kingdom of Sheba referred to in this passage must certainly be placed in Arabia Felix, the habitation of the Joktanite race (in which the Keturahites appear to have been merged), for the Cushite Sheba is probably to be found elsewhere on the Persian Gulf. The queen of Sheba would therefore be of Semitic race, not wholly an alien from the stock of Abraham. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/1_kings/10.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Ver 1. - And when the queen of Sheba [There is no good ground for doubting that by שְׁבָא we are to understand the kingdom of Southern Arabia (Yemen). It is true that while <a href="/genesis/25-3.htm">Genesis 25:3</a> (cf. <a href="/1_chronicles/1-32.htm">1 Chronicles 1:32</a>) speaks of Sheba, the son of Joktan, one of the colonists of southern Arabia, <a href="/genesis/10-7.htm">Genesis 10:7</a> and <a href="/1_chronicles/1-9.htm">1 Chronicles 1:9</a> mention another Sheba, the son of Cush, and a doubt has arisen whether this was an Arabian or an Ethiopian princess, and it is alleged that she was the latter by Josephus, who calls her "queen of Egypt and Ethopia," and by some Rabbinical writers, and in the traditions of the Abyssinian church. But the kingdoms of Sheba (שְׁבָא) and Saba (סְבָא) are entirely distinct (<a href="/psalms/72-10.htm">Psalm 72:10</a>), the latter being the name both of the capital and country of Meroe, a province of Ethopia (Joshua, Ant. 2:10. 2); while the former in like manner designates both the chief city and also the kingdom of the Sabeans (<a href="/job/1-15.htm">Job 1:15</a>). This tribe would seem to have grown richer and stronger than all the other Arabian peoples by means of its commercial enterprise, and it was especially famed for its gold, gems, and spices (<a href="/ezekiel/27-22.htm">Ezekiel 27:22</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/6-20.htm">Jeremiah 6:20</a>; <a href="/isaiah/60-6.htm">Isaiah 60:6</a>; <a href="/joel/3-8.htm">Joel 3:8</a>; <a href="/job/6-19.htm">Job 6:19</a>; <a href="/psalms/72-10.htm">Psalm 72:10</a>). It is noticeable that in both kingdoms government by female sovereigns was not uncommon (cf. <a href="/acts/8-27.htm">Acts 8:27</a>); but it is very remarkable to find any country under the rule of a queen at this early date. (The idea that either of these lands was always governed by queens has no real basis.) The name of this princess, according to the Koran, was Balkis, according to Abyssinian belief, Maqueda. Whether she was a widow or virgin is unknown] heard [Heb. hearing. Doubtless through the Arab traders. The record of this visit, following immediately upon the mention of the voyages (<a href="/1_kings/9-26.htm">1 Kings 9:26</a>), is a grain of evidence in favour of locating Ophir in Arabia] of the fame (Heb. hearing; cf. ἀκοή, which also means the thing heard, report. Compare ἀποκάλυψις καύχησις, etc.] of Solomon concerning the name [Heb. לְשְׁם, i.e., "in relation to, in connexion with, the name," etc. No doubt it was the house he had built לְשֵׁם יְיָ (cf. <a href="/1_kings/3-2.htm">1 Kings 3:2</a>; <a href="/1_kings/5-17.htm">1 Kings 5:17, 18</a>; <a href="/1_kings/8-17.htm">1 Kings 8:17, 18, 19, 20</a>, etc.) had made him famous. But the expression is somewhat unusual, and these words are omitted by the chronicler. Gesenius and Ewald, however, regard the ל as instrumental, "the fame given him by the name," etc., as <a href="/judges/7-18.htm">Judges 7:18</a>; <a href="/ezekiel/12-12.htm">Ezekiel 12:12</a>, etc., and Wordsworth compares the use of ἐν in Greek. The LXX. and other versions read "the name of Solomon and the name of the Lord." But the text is on every ground to be retained. The alliteration in this verse (probably accidental) is to be noticed. There is also a slight paronomasia] of the Lord, she came to prove (LXX. πειράσαι, to test)] him with hard questions [Heb. in riddles; LXX. ἐν αἰνίγμασι. The Arabian mind has ever delighted in dark sayings, enigmas, etc., and extensive collections of these have been made by Burckhardt and others (see Keil in loc.) According to Dius (cited in Josephus, Contra Ap. 1:17. 18) Solomon also had dialectical encounters with Hiram and with Abdemon, or, according to Menander, a younger son of Abdemon, a man of Tyre.] <a href="/commentaries/1_kings/10-1.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>Now when the queen וּמַֽלְכַּת־ (ū·mal·kaṯ-) Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4436.htm">Strong's 4436: </a> Queen -- a queen of Sheba שְׁבָ֗א (šə·ḇā) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7614.htm">Strong's 7614: </a> Sheba -- a territory in soutwest Arabia, also the name of one or more descendant of Noah heard שֹׁמַ֛עַת (šō·ma·‘aṯ) Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8085.htm">Strong's 8085: </a> To hear intelligently about the fame שֵׁ֥מַע (šê·ma‘) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8088.htm">Strong's 8088: </a> Something heard, a sound, rumor, announcement, audience of Solomon שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה (šə·lō·mōh) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8010.htm">Strong's 8010: </a> Solomon -- David's son and successor to his throne concerning the name לְשֵׁ֣ם (lə·šêm) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8034.htm">Strong's 8034: </a> A name of the LORD, יְהוָ֑ה (Yah·weh) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3068.htm">Strong's 3068: </a> LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel she came וַתָּבֹ֥א (wat·tā·ḇō) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_935.htm">Strong's 935: </a> To come in, come, go in, go to test him לְנַסֹּת֖וֹ (lə·nas·sō·ṯōw) Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5254.htm">Strong's 5254: </a> To test, to attempt with difficult questions. בְּחִידֽוֹת׃ (bə·ḥî·ḏō·wṯ) Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2420.htm">Strong's 2420: </a> A riddle, an enigmatic, perplexing saying or question <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/1_kings/10-1.htm">1 Kings 10:1 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-1.htm">OT History: 1 Kings 10:1 When the queen of Sheba heard (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/1_kings/9-28.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="1 Kings 9:28"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="1 Kings 9:28" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/1_kings/10-2.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="1 Kings 10:2"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="1 Kings 10:2" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>