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fSTqaR">Santé</span></div><div class="TypologyArticle__BlockHeadline-sc-1vro4tp-6 bUjzGf"><h1 class="TypologyArticle__BlockTitleHeadlineDepeche-sc-1vro4tp-10 hnMGIe">La pollution de l’air causée par les incendies est responsable de 1,5 million de morts par an</h1></div></div><span class="TypologyArticle__BlockSubHeadline-sc-1vro4tp-4 bHYlQv">Une étude publiée ce jeudi 28 novembre dans la revue scientifique The Lancet chiffre les ravages sur la santé des incendies de forêt et des brûlages des terres en agriculture, en particulier dans les pays en développement.</span></div><figure class="lead-art-wrapper"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div><figcaption><p class="ImageMetadata__MetadataParagraph-sc-1gn0vty-0 fdQhZx image-metadata"><span>L'Inde, ici dans la région du Kashmir, est l'un des pays les plus touchés par ce phénomène. </span>(Firdous Nazir/Eyepix.ABACA)</p></figcaption></figure><div class="default__Container-sc-1tf2r0d-1 fRSzzD"><span class="sc-iRaSfU default__Span-sc-1tf2r0d-0 iHtHlX hYPfLx">par </span><a color="#E60004" href="/auteur/liberation/" class="sc-iRaSfU htbNnM">LIBERATION</a><span class="sc-iRaSfU default__Span-sc-1tf2r0d-0 iHtHlX hYPfLx"> et </span><a color="#E60004" href="/auteur/afp/" class="sc-iRaSfU htbNnM">AFP</a></div><div class="grid grid_row"><div class="font_xs color_grey margin-xxs-right font_tertiary header-date">publié le 28 novembre 2024 à 9h03</div><div class="font_xs color_grey margin-xxs-right font_tertiary header-date"></div></div><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0fxYZjElxf8ew" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fxYZjElxf8ew"></div><div><div id="podle-player-container"></div></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0fxYZjElxf8ew" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fxYZjElxf8ew"></div><article class="article-body-wrapper article_table article_blockquote font_secondary" data-datawall-status="null"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@type":"NewsArticle","@context":"https://schema.org","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/pollution/la-pollution-de-lair-causee-par-les-incendies-est-responsable-de-15-million-de-morts-par-an-20241128_BJYL6C2AZFCWVKGUOOAZZGWYPM/"},"headline":"La pollution de l’air causée par les incendies est responsable de 1,5 million de morts par an","description":"Une étude publiée ce jeudi 28 novembre dans la revue scientifique The Lancet chiffre les ravages sur la santé des incendies de forêt et des brûlages des terres en agriculture, en particulier dans les pays en développement.","image":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/resizer/2_7aQ44OsQPb9Ipkf_o8t0dSXG4=/1440x0/filters:format(jpg):quality(70):focal(3167x1809:3177x1819)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/TT3BMYUQXVCH3GWGO2PU2UBZ7Y.jpg","height":0,"width":1440,"name":"L'Inde, ici dans la région du Kashmir, est l'un des pays les plus touchés par ce phénomène.","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Firdous Nazir"}]},"datePublished":"2024-11-28T08:03:23.177Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T08:03:23.177Z","isAccessibleForFree":true,"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":" LIBERATION","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/auteur/liberation/"},{"@type":"Person","name":" AFP","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/auteur/afp/"}],"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Libération","url":"https://www.liberation.fr","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://journal.liberation.fr/img/logo.svg?d=170","width":272,"height":100},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/Liberation/","https://twitter.com/libe"]},"articleSection":"Pollution","speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","xpath":["/html/head/title","/html/head/meta[@name='description']/@content"]}}</script><p class="article_link">Les chiffres sont catastrophiques, et devraient encore augmenter. <a href="https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/rechauffement-la-multiplication-des-feux-de-foret-augmente-le-nombre-de-deces-lies-a-la-pollution-20241022_RMQKKO3YCFH3VHXKY77H53EQ3Q/" target="_blank">La pollution de l’air causée par les incendies</a> est responsable de plus de 1,5 million de morts par an dans le monde, selon une étude parue ce jeudi 28 novembre dans la revue <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)02251-7/abstract" target="_blank"><i>The Lancet</i></a><i>. </i>L’équipe internationale de chercheurs a examiné les données existantes entre 2000 et 2019, tant sur les incendies de forêt qui font rage dans la nature que sur le brûlage des terres pratiqué en agriculture pour défricher des champs.</p><p class="article_link">Parmi les victimes, environ 450 000 décès sont dus chaque année<a href="https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/pollution/la-pollution-de-lair-premiere-menace-pour-la-sante-humaine-20230829_XYQI4VBWTZAGPDGKC72XL54MDE/?redirected=1" target="_blank"> à des maladies cardiaques liées à cette pollution</a> et 220 000 autres, par maladies respiratoires, ont pu être attribués à la fumée et aux particules rejetées dans l’air par ces feux.</p><div class="display_block width_100 border border_solid border_top border_color_grey border border_bottom border_color_grey margin-md-bottom"><div class="margin-xs-top font_tertiary font_16 font_bold">Flambée</div><div class="read-also-item display_block margin-sm-top padding-xs-bottom "><h3 class="listItem__TitleLinkList-sc-hi9yqh-0 dgyMsl"><a class="hover_underline hover_no-transition hover_no-color" href="/environnement/climat/climat-le-nombre-dincendies-sera-deux-a-trois-fois-plus-eleve-en-fin-de-siecle-en-france-20240913_OMOKEBWPIJF5DPN4XQGIOBN7V4/">Climat : «Le nombre d’incendies sera deux à trois fois plus élevé en fin de siècle en France»</a></h3><div class="flex flex_row margin-sm-top font_xs font_tertiary font_line-height_sm"><div class="margin-xs-right"><a class="decoration_none" href="/environnement/climat/"><span class="color_grey hover_underline">Climat</span></a></div><span class="font_xs font_tertiary color_grey margin-xs-right">13 sept. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xs font_tertiary undefined">abonnés</span></div></div></div><p class="article_link">Plus de 90 % de ces décès sont survenus dans des pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire, dont 40 % pour la seule Afrique subsaharienne. La Chine, le Nigéria, l’Indonésie ou encore l’Inde font également partie des pays les plus concernés. Ces pays sont particulièrement touchés à cause du manque de moyen pour éviter la fumée des incendies, ont souligné les chercheurs. S’éloigner de la zone la plus polluée, utiliser des purificateurs d’air et des masques, rester à l’intérieur, n’est pas accessible aux habitants des pays les plus pauvres.</p><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0f6Ya2W4zPu7Kr" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0f6Ya2W4zPu7Kr"></div><div><div class="mailmunch-giftarticle" style="display:none; margin-top:-8px;"> <div class='mailmunch-forms-widget-1084240'></div> </div></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0f6Ya2W4zPu7Kr" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0f6Ya2W4zPu7Kr"></div><p class="article_link">Un nombre record de brûlis illégaux de champs agricoles dans le nord de l’Inde est en partie responsable<a href="https://www.liberation.fr/international/asie-pacifique/leconomie-indienne-victime-collaterale-de-la-pollution-atmospherique-20241119_QNMPXPMPORCRHDEETLCL7OSXBI/" target="_blank"> du nuage de pollution aux allures apocalyptiques</a>, avec des concentrations en microparticules nocives largement supérieures aux normes de santé internationales, qui recouvre New Delhi, la capitale indienne.</p><h2 class="heading__StyledHeading-sc-5jxglz-0 jztCkt">Demande de soutien financier et technologique</h2><p class="article_link">Face à ce constat, les auteurs de l’étude appellent à une <i>«action urgente»</i> pour faire face au nombre considérable de morts causés par ces incendies, mettant l’accent sur <i>«l’injustice climatique»</i> vécue par les pays pauvres. Ces derniers appellent donc à davantage de soutien financier et technologique pour les populations des pays les plus durement touchés.</p><p class="article_link">L’étude est publiée une semaine après les négociations de l’ONU sur le climat, lors desquelles les délégués ont convenu d’une augmentation du financement climatique jugée insuffisante par les pays en développement, et après l’état d’urgence nationale déclaré par l’Équateur, suite à des incendies de forêt qui ont rasé plus de 10 000 hectares dans le sud du pays.</p></article><div class="sc-fIiyQQ dNwLlX"><h5 class="sc-iRaSfU sc-jpInJi krEuGR duNwFR">Pour aller plus loin :</h5><div class="sc-cRkqwB jdSgjH"><a class="sc-iRaSfU sc-iaOGTt hNEITA hvonIH" href="/tags/incendie/">Incendies</a><a class="sc-iRaSfU sc-iaOGTt hNEITA hvonIH" href="/tags/rechauffement-climatique/">Réchauffement climatique</a></div></div><div class="default__OutbrainWrapper-sc-8b0epf-0 gHkGsx"><div id="lazy_10104"></div></div><div class="sc-jPVYhN 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data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fw2VTovWwiOB"></div><div><style> @media (max-width: 960px) { .hrWZEv { margin-bottom: 48px !important; } } </style></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0fw2VTovWwiOB" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fw2VTovWwiOB"></div></div></footer></main></div><div class="textad textadbox textadscontainer teaser-ad side_ad_3" style="height:1px;width:1px;position:absolute"></div></div></div><script id="fusion-metadata" type="application/javascript">window.Fusion=window.Fusion||{};Fusion.arcSite="liberation";Fusion.contextPath="/pf";Fusion.deployment="170";Fusion.globalContent={"_id":"BJYL6C2AZFCWVKGUOOAZZGWYPM","canonical_website":"liberation","content_elements":[{"_id":"JGG2FVRYSZABDHPBSW7ZJ7TD4Q","additional_properties":{"_id":1732779517520,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Les chiffres sont catastrophiques, et devraient encore augmenter. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/rechauffement-la-multiplication-des-feux-de-foret-augmente-le-nombre-de-deces-lies-a-la-pollution-20241022_RMQKKO3YCFH3VHXKY77H53EQ3Q/\" target=\"_blank\">La pollution de l’air causée par les incendies</a> est responsable de plus de 1,5 million de morts par an dans le monde, selon une étude parue ce jeudi 28 novembre dans la revue <a href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)02251-7/abstract\" target=\"_blank\"><i>The Lancet</i></a><i>. </i>L’équipe internationale de chercheurs a examiné les données existantes entre 2000 et 2019, tant sur les incendies de forêt qui font rage dans la nature que sur le brûlage des terres pratiqué en agriculture pour défricher des champs.","type":"text"},{"_id":"MQEO5FGNYRCWRLYPZ3X44ZKS2A","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Parmi les victimes, environ 450 000 décès sont dus chaque année<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/pollution/la-pollution-de-lair-premiere-menace-pour-la-sante-humaine-20230829_XYQI4VBWTZAGPDGKC72XL54MDE/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\"> à des maladies cardiaques liées à cette pollution</a> et 220 000 autres, par maladies respiratoires, ont pu être attribués à la fumée et aux particules rejetées dans l’air par ces feux.","type":"text"},{"_id":"AULNAFOTSVBTPBTQMCR7QLRLV4","additional_properties":{"_id":"A65QL7PS2ZH27ABRBJXNCHMXH4","comments":[]},"items":[{"_id":"ISCO5FWED5BPVI3KB4IUPKNE7A","content":"Climat : «Le nombre d’incendies sera deux à trois fois plus élevé en fin de siècle en France»","description":{"_id":"STJYY7TKDZAZJK224BGOVEK7JA","content":"","type":"text"},"type":"interstitial_link","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/climat-le-nombre-dincendies-sera-deux-a-trois-fois-plus-eleve-en-fin-de-siecle-en-france-20240913_OMOKEBWPIJF5DPN4XQGIOBN7V4/"}],"subtype":"title_only","title":"Flambée","type":"link_list"},{"_id":"Q4W2O6DCHVEQPHR4SRAJUHS4A4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732779517523,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Plus de 90 % de ces décès sont survenus dans des pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire, dont 40 % pour la seule Afrique subsaharienne. La Chine, le Nigéria, l’Indonésie ou encore l’Inde font également partie des pays les plus concernés. Ces pays sont particulièrement touchés à cause du manque de moyen pour éviter la fumée des incendies, ont souligné les chercheurs. S’éloigner de la zone la plus polluée, utiliser des purificateurs d’air et des masques, rester à l’intérieur, n’est pas accessible aux habitants des pays les plus pauvres.","type":"text"},{"_id":"4OJKPCGYEZBWJBGFPLH72DMBSU","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Un nombre record de brûlis illégaux de champs agricoles dans le nord de l’Inde est en partie responsable<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/asie-pacifique/leconomie-indienne-victime-collaterale-de-la-pollution-atmospherique-20241119_QNMPXPMPORCRHDEETLCL7OSXBI/\" target=\"_blank\"> du nuage de pollution aux allures apocalyptiques</a>, avec des concentrations en microparticules nocives largement supérieures aux normes de santé internationales, qui recouvre New Delhi, la capitale indienne.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TYZKX52BBRGAHEAWCCHSQJCYDE","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Demande de soutien financier et technologique","level":2,"type":"header"},{"_id":"EI4SGE5ZXFDZ5NXEGSTTKEC4NM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732779517526,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Face à ce constat, les auteurs de l’étude appellent à une <i>«action urgente»</i> pour faire face au nombre considérable de morts causés par ces incendies, mettant l’accent sur <i>«l’injustice climatique»</i> vécue par les pays pauvres. Ces derniers appellent donc à davantage de soutien financier et technologique pour les populations des pays les plus durement touchés.","type":"text"},{"_id":"F7DNR2EKPRD35PZ4AXQMA45FZU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732779517527,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"L’étude est publiée une semaine après les négociations de l’ONU sur le climat, lors desquelles les délégués ont convenu d’une augmentation du financement climatique jugée insuffisante par les pays en développement, et après l’état d’urgence nationale déclaré par l’Équateur, suite à des incendies de forêt qui ont rasé plus de 10 000 hectares dans le sud du pays.","type":"text"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"ouvert"},"created_date":"2024-11-28T07:06:23.336Z","credits":{"by":[{"_id":"13090","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":" LIBERATION","slug":"liberation","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":""}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use 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terres en agriculture, en particulier dans les pays en développement."},"display_date":"2024-11-28T08:03:23.177Z","distributor":{"category":"staff","name":"liberation","subcategory":""},"first_publish_date":"2024-11-28T08:03:23.177Z","geo":{},"headlines":{"basic":"La pollution de l’air causée par les incendies est responsable de 1,5 million de morts par 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Le feu, qui s’est déclaré jeudi 12 septembre en début d’après-midi, attisé par la tramontane et alors que <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/secheresse-historique-dans-les-pyrenees-orientales-on-est-en-plein-hiver-comme-si-on-etait-en-plein-ete-20240104_AL7WCC7MYRA55ON4KMWGJ2BLQY/\" target=\"_blank\">les Pyrénées-Orientales sont soumises pour la troisième année consécutive à une forte sécheresse</a>, a nécessité l’évacuation de 80 habitants du village de Castelnou. Cinq sapeurs-pompiers ont été légèrement blessés et une maison isolée a été un peu endommagée, a précisé le SDIS. Au plus fort de l’opération, 800 pompiers étaient mobilisés, appuyés par des hélicoptères et des avions bombardiers d’eau.","type":"text"},{"_id":"H6LNEB5P3FGTBMUS2FRF42HGIA","additional_properties":{"_id":1726222563950,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Las, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/pyrenees-orientales-un-violent-incendie-sest-declare-entre-saint-genis-des-fontaines-et-villelongue-dels-monts-20240824_AKB3QEVM2VFBHC5OGHGXK3O23U/\" target=\"_blank\">ce genre d’épisodes tardifs</a>, de fin d’été, risque de se multiplier en France. Dans une <a href=\"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04149936\" target=\"_blank\">étude publiée fin 2023</a>, l’Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (Inrae) a averti que les feux du futur seront significativement attisés par le changement climatique. Si <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/meteo-des-forets-sensibiliser-cest-limiter-leclosion-de-beaucoup-dincendies-20230425_XG7HCBN3CRHCZLQSVP2DHJELQA/\" target=\"_blank\">le déclenchement d’un feu est souvent d’origine humaine</a>, le réchauffement de la planète offre des conditions plus propices à leur propagation et à leur intensification. François Pimont, ingénieur de recherche, chef de l’équipe «Physique et écologie du feu» à l’Inrae Avignon, explique que davantage de feux en simultané sont à craindre dans l’Hexagone, ce qui risque de compliquer la tâche des soldats du feu.","type":"text"},{"_id":"AD4OERFICNBWFAOUDMBKU4WTPI","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230378,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"<b>Le changement climatique attise-t-il déjà les risques de feux de forêt ?</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"HF5MDZHZUNEMFE57CPOMHPBIRE","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230379,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Depuis les années 2000, on observe que les conditions météo sont plus favorables à la propagation des feux. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/climat-une-grande-majorite-de-climatologues-redoutent-un-rechauffement-devastateur-au-cours-du-siecle-faute-dactions-suffisantes-20240509_3PB4BREYFFAFTAMHY2XSP2O7QU/\" target=\"_blank\">Le changement climatique induit une augmentation de la température</a> ainsi qu’une baisse à la fois de l’humidité relative de l’air et des précipitations. La végétation, plus sèche, est plus inflammable. En France, depuis les années 90, on avait réussi à réduire significativement les surfaces brûlées et le nombre de grands incendies grâce à la mise en place de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/on-ne-va-pas-arreter-les-incendies-mais-on-peut-tout-faire-pour-quils-aient-le-moins-dimpact-possible-20220720_S2IXLYBBKJBW3IYTJWORIXFQ3Q/\" target=\"_blank\">la politique d’attaque rapide sur feux naissants et à la modernisation de la sécurité civile</a>. Dans un premier temps, cela a pu compenser la dégradation du climat. Mais depuis cinq ans, les pompiers subissent davantage l’aggravation du danger et les feux repartent à la hausse.","type":"text"},{"_id":"NFNGSMCTWFAVRH5M4MZX3T4GSE","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230380,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"<b>Dans quelle mesure les feux que l’on connaît aujourd’hui vont-ils évoluer avec le changement climatique ?</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"GLCZUFNWYRGYLCARW364UA6Y4Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230381,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Nos projections montrent que les conditions météo quotidiennes vont continuer à se dégrader et qu’elles vont induire <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/depuis-20-ans-les-megafeux-de-foret-ont-plus-que-double-dans-le-monde-20240624_WYU42QZW55BPLLMYRM4AKFOUI4/\" target=\"_blank\">encore plus de feux</a>. Il y aura une extension multidimensionnelle : la saison des feux sera plus longue, la zone à risque va s’étendre et les incendies vont s’intensifier dans les régions déjà touchées. Il faut s’attendre à une expansion en forme de tache d’huile autour du Sud-Ouest, du Sud-Est et du Centre Ouest. Ces trois zones d’activité auront tendance à se rejoindre à l’avenir, pour former un triangle. Dans le sud-est de la France, les deux tiers des feux auront lieu dans la zone historiquement la plus concernée, et un tiers dans la zone d’expansion. La partie septentrionale restera un peu moins concernée par l’augmentation des feux car les précipitations, qui se maintiendront plus qu’ailleurs, devraient compenser la hausse des températures.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TCMYCQ6WJJHJNGQTPQBR7CFCTA","additional_properties":{"_id":"5LDJWYZZ2JA2NDVLE3GVAYTAVQ","comments":[]},"content":"<div class=\"empty\"><img src=\"https://www.liberation.fr/apps/2024/08/LIB-2024-08-projection-feux-de-fore%CC%82t-CARTES.gif\" alt=\"Le moustique tiger s'étend en France métropolitaine\"></div>","type":"raw_html"},{"_id":"7R4LNVJP2JF5XI7W7JGFFRCON4","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230382,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"<b>Les feux seront-ils beaucoup plus nombreux en métropole ?</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"RZJG4COMSFHGLCNHJG5XK4GWNE","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230383,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Le nombre de feux sera deux à trois fois plus important à la fin du siècle en France. Le Sud-Est risque, par exemple, de passer de 20 à 57 feux de plus de 20 hectares en moyenne par an, dans le scénario le plus pessimiste. Mais attention, notre étude calcule ce qu’on peut attendre d’une année moyenne à l’avenir, certaines années seront encore plus sévères. Le Sud-Est comptabilisera toujours le plus grand nombre de feux mais dans le Sud-Ouest, on aura un potentiel de très grands feux – plus de 1 000 hectares - beaucoup plus marqué qu’ailleurs. Cela s’explique par la continuité des étendues boisées dans le massif landais.","type":"text"},{"_id":"K5Q4OE5BSFEZ7IQY4DL2PFGKXI","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230384,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"<b>Le Sud-Ouest peut-il devenir l’épicentre des feux ?</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"XD5B7GEQXZEZ5BAR7MW7AP56PU","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230385,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"A l’avenir, il ne devrait pas y avoir de bouleversement majeur dans la hiérarchie des différents territoires, les régions les plus touchées resteront l’arc méditerranéen et le massif landais, mais le risque augmentera un peu partout en parallèle. Les changements les plus rapides n’interviendront pas dans les départements aujourd’hui épargnés mais dans ceux qui sont modérément concernés. Ainsi, on peut s’attendre à un triplement de l’activité dans le Tarn, la Lozère, l’Aveyron, la Haute-Loire ou encore l’Ariège. Ce sont des territoires intermédiaires, en marge des régions «historiques».","type":"text"},{"_id":"RPTDPDW6LFFYTDWUHGTUH7XWKM","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/7to0AzIFgQLWxSrdpRdqGzH0HUU=/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/RPTDPDW6LFFYTDWUHGTUH7XWKM.png","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":[],"mime_type":"image/png","originalName":"LIB-2024-08-projection-feux-de-forêt-Evolution@1800x.png","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/RPTDPDW6LFFYTDWUHGTUH7XWKM.png","owner":"j.guillot@liberation.fr","proxyUrl":"/resizer/7to0AzIFgQLWxSrdpRdqGzH0HUU=/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/RPTDPDW6LFFYTDWUHGTUH7XWKM.png","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/7to0AzIFgQLWxSrdpRdqGzH0HUU=/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/RPTDPDW6LFFYTDWUHGTUH7XWKM.png","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/HeYXZtaW0c7wMdV1znPsAn4Kesk=/300x0/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/RPTDPDW6LFFYTDWUHGTUH7XWKM.png","version":1,"template_id":183,"_id":"T7R6V3BRUVA2DFRQMIPJTCD4RI","comments":[]},"address":{},"auth":{"1":"61f46a6b6fc5c01f12a9e800191afb14cdeb13e4402689bfa8bbbd7d06b96b60"},"created_date":"2024-08-14T16:28:37Z","credits":{"by":[{"_id":"15107","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Julien 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quel point la saison des feux va-t-elle s’étendre ?</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"KNTGCZH47REBVMDL4WTHWS77AE","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230387,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Dans le Sud-Ouest, on pourra avoir jusqu’à 235 jours de saison des feux dans un scénario <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/la-france-baisse-de-53-ses-emissions-de-gaz-a-effet-de-serre-au-premier-trimestre-20240626_AJIXJEV5HFB6VAN7WKMH6IPOUI/\" target=\"_blank\">d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre</a> élevées à la fin du siècle. Elle s’étendra du 23 février au 15 octobre. C’est deux mois de plus qu’aujourd’hui. Cette zone a actuellement deux saisons des feux : l’une, printanière, autour du mois de mars et une autre durant l’été. A l’avenir, la période qui les sépare va devenir plus sèche, donc l’activité deviendra potentiellement continue. Le Sud-Est connaîtra, lui aussi, un allongement très significatif de la saison des feux, du même ordre.","type":"text"},{"_id":"HRSG2PFVURBZ5F5AYQ6N4JQYYI","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230388,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"<b>Risque-t-il d’y avoir davantage de feux en simultané sur l’Hexagone ?</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"PF26FBGVG5EIPOUSC7LMIYHG74","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230389,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"C’est une question cruciale car la stratégie française est l’attaque rapide sur feux naissants, c’est-à-dire éteindre les départs d’incendies avant qu’ils n’aient dépassé l’hectare. Au-delà de cette taille, les feux nécessitent une intervention plus longue, ce qui peut engendrer une dispersion des moyens sur le territoire. Typiquement, aujourd’hui on considère qu’à partir de sept feux d’un hectare dans la même journée dans le Sud-Est, les services sont en grande difficulté pour répondre à des actions simultanées. Actuellement, cela se produit assez rarement, deux jours par an en moyenne. Or, à la fin du siècle, on sera à quinze jours par an en moyenne. Cela augmente le potentiel de grands feux car les pompiers ne seront pas en mesure de traiter aussi efficacement tous ceux qui leur auront échappé et des éclosions d’autres incendies pourront leur échapper à leur tour.","type":"text"},{"_id":"3RXMAQ6XKFC77DTMVD3BBP3TPQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230390,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"<b>Les pompiers vont donc devoir renforcer leurs moyens de lutte ?</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"FDRZNLEN2VHT7CIHLE47NIZH6A","additional_properties":{"_id":1722853230391,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Oui, cela est en cours. Il y a eu <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/face-aux-risques-dincendies-macron-veut-une-strategie-nouvelle-20221028_HCJXAAOQIREN7GJI7UZD2ZHABU/\" target=\"_blank\">une réponse politique très forte à la suite des incendies de 2022</a>, avec une augmentation des moyens et une expansion territoriale des politiques de prévention et de lutte contre les feux de forêt. Il ne faut pas baisser la garde, mais la prise de conscience a été réelle et l’expansion de la zone à risque a été bien identifiée. Notre étude y contribue en permettant de déterminer les trajectoires attendues sur les différents territoires. Il faut rappeler que sur l’ensemble de ces territoires, des feux peuvent survenir en bordure de massifs, malgré les moyens mis en œuvre. Il est donc important de strictement réduire la quantité de végétaux autour des infrastructures pour que la puissance du feu qui les touche soit réduite. L’actualisation des zones soumises au risque d’incendies, et donc à débroussaillage obligatoire, est une question clé dans le contexte de l’expansion du changement climatique.","type":"text"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"ferme"},"created_date":"2024-08-05T09:41:50.268Z","credits":{"by":[{"_id":"16779","type":"author","version":"0.5.8","name":"Margaux Lacroux","slug":"margaux-lacroux","social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"m.lacroux@liberation.fr"}],"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","url":"m.lacroux@liberation.fr","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links."}],"additional_properties":{"original":{"_id":"16779","byline":"Margaux Lacroux","firstName":"Margaux","lastName":"Lacroux","role":"","email":"m.lacroux@liberation.fr","slug":"margaux-lacroux","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"last_updated_date":"2021-01-16T15:11:45.203Z"}},"resized_params":{}}]},"description":{"basic":"Le feu qui a parcouru les Pyrénées-Orientales jeudi a été fixé, mais reste sous surveillance. 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