The Cannabis Gray Market: A Case for Cannabis Regulatory Science Research

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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" 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type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="xyZq5Xbd7Q4K2l6TA2diUtiluXR2XvS2WdflQRPaCkUYsH6wSGqGzB39gCH3LTAq"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select 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10.1089/can.2023.0278. </span> <span class="ahead-of-print"> Online ahead of print. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> The Cannabis Gray Market: A Case for Cannabis Regulatory Science Research </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schlienz+NJ&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nicolas J Schlienz">Nicolas J Schlienz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Felicione+NJ&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nicholas J Felicione">Nicholas J Felicione</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+DC&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dustin C Lee">Dustin C Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=O%27Connor+RJ&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Richard J O'Connor">Richard J O'Connor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Smith+DM&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Danielle M Smith">Danielle M Smith</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore 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Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38946638</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1089/can.2023.0278&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0278" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1089/can.2023.0278 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> The Cannabis Gray Market: A Case for Cannabis Regulatory Science Research </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Nicolas J Schlienz</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Cannabis Cannabinoid Res<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2024">2024</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38946638/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span 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J Schlienz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Felicione+NJ&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nicholas J Felicione">Nicholas J Felicione</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+DC&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dustin C Lee">Dustin C Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=O%27Connor+RJ&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Richard J O'Connor">Richard J O'Connor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Smith+DM&cauthor_id=38946638" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Danielle M Smith">Danielle M Smith</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38946638</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1089/can.2023.0278&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0278" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1089/can.2023.0278 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38946638/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38946638/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> The cannabis gray market poses significant public health concerns and remains a major threat to consumer and/or potential consumer uptake of regulated cannabis markets in jurisdictions with legal state-sponsored cannabis programs. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the cannabis gray market, and describe an integrated epidemiological and regulatory science framework to study the gray market. Using tobacco regulatory science as a guide, we introduce example cannabis regulatory science research activities as a means to improve the field's understanding of the cannabis gray market. Cannabis regulatory science is a developing field that can improve our understanding of the cannabis regulatory ecosystem and provide regulatory officials and policymakers alike with much needed data to inform regulatory decision-making and improve the success and uptake of state-sponsored cannabis programs. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> adult-use; cannabis; cannabis regulatory science; gray market; medical use. </p> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/39488867/" ref="article_id=39488867&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="39488867" data-ga-label=""> Bridging the gap: Exploring consumer experiences and motivations for transitioning between illicit and regulated cannabis markets. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Donnan JR, Howells R, Farooq S, Maillet M, Harris-Lane LM.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Donnan JR, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Int J Drug Policy. 2024 Nov 2;134:104644. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104644. 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