CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tilapia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3aed609d-4eb3-4416-b6aa-77a33297652c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tilapia","wgTitle":"Tilapia","wgCurRevisionId":1259082514,"wgRevisionId":1259082514,"wgArticleId":88891,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Cite IUCN without doi","Pages containing links to subscription-only content","CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from September 2012","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from September 2012","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017","Commons category link is the pagename","Articles containing video clips","Tilapia","Commercial fish","Fish common names","Filipino cuisine","Fish of the Philippines"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tilapia","wgRelevantArticleId":88891,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength": 50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q47793","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG/1200px-Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="660"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG/800px-Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="440"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG/640px-Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="352"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tilapia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tilapia rootpage-Tilapia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tilapia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tilapia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tilapia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tilapia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Species-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Species subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exotic_and_invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exotic_and_invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Exotic and invasive species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exotic_and_invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aquarium_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aquarium_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Aquarium species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aquarium_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Commercial species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aquaculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aquaculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Aquaculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aquaculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>As food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Miscellaneous uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Miscellaneous_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Miscellaneous uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecological_agent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecological_agent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ecological agent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecological_agent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Medical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parasites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parasites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Parasites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parasites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tilapia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A_(%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83)" title="بلطي (سمك) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلطي (سمك)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тилапия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тилапия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Τιλάπια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τιλάπια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapio" title="Tilapio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tilapio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تیلاپیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیلاپیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whevi_Ow%E1%BA%B9%CC%81" title="Whevi Owẹ́ – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Whevi Owẹ́" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B8%EB%9D%BC%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84" title="틸라피아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="틸라피아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%93%D7%92)" title="אמנון (דג) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנון (דג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტილაპია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტილაპია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%BAnd%C3%BA" title="Libúndú – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libúndú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тилапија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тилапија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="തിലാപ്പിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിലാപ്പിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%89" title="بلطى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلطى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia_(verzamelnaam)" title="Tilapia (verzamelnaam) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tilapia (verzamelnaam)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2" title="ティラピア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティラピア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Til%C3%A1pia" title="Tilápia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tilápia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Тиляпии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тиляпии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="තිලාපි‍යා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තිලාපි‍යා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тилапија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тилапија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapiat" title="Tilapiat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tilapiat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tilapia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapya" title="Tilapya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tilapya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="திலாப்பியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திலாப்பியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ปลาทิลาเพีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปลาทิลาเพีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82)" title="Тилапія (продукт) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тилапія (продукт)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1_r%C3%B4_phi" title="Cá rô phi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cá rô phi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%AF%BD" title="非洲鯽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="非洲鯽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%9D%9E%E9%B1%BC" title="罗非鱼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗非鱼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47793#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tilapia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tilapia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tilapia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tilapia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tilapia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&oldid=1259082514" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tilapia&id=1259082514&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTilapia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTilapia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tilapia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tilapia_(food)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47793" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common name for many species of fish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the common name for many species of fish. For the genus, see <a href="/wiki/Tilapia_(genus)" title="Tilapia (genus)">Tilapia (genus)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:264px;max-width:264px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG/260px-Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG/390px-Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG/520px-Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3208" data-file-height="1764" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Oreochromis_niloticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreochromis niloticus">Nile tilapia</a>, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilapia_production_time_series.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tilapia_production_time_series.png/260px-Tilapia_production_time_series.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tilapia_production_time_series.png/390px-Tilapia_production_time_series.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tilapia_production_time_series.png/520px-Tilapia_production_time_series.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="704" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Global harvest of tilapia in million tonnes as reported by the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>, 1950–2009<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Tilapia</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">tih-<span style="font-size:90%">LAH</span>-pee-ə</i></a>) is the <a href="/wiki/Common_name#Biological_common_names" title="Common name">common name</a> for nearly a hundred <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cichlid" title="Cichlid">cichlid</a> fish from the <a href="/wiki/Coelotilapia_joka" title="Coelotilapia joka">coelotilapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coptodon" title="Coptodon">coptodonine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heterotilapia" title="Heterotilapia">heterotilapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oreochromini" title="Oreochromini">oreochromine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelmatolapia" title="Pelmatolapia">pelmatolapiine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tilapiine_cichlid" title="Tilapiine cichlid">tilapiine</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribes</a> (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with the economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunz2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish inhabiting shallow streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less commonly found living in <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a>. Historically, they have been of major importance in <a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">artisanal fishing</a> in Africa, and they are of increasing <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">importance in aquaculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics">aquaponics</a>. Tilapia can become a problematic <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> in new warm-water habitats such as Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-daff_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whether deliberately or accidentally <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced</a>, but generally not in temperate climates due to their inability to survive in cold water. </p><p>Traditionally a popular and affordable food in the Philippines with a mild taste, tilapia has been the fourth-most consumed fish in the United States since 2002, favored for its low cost and easy preparation. It is commonly fried or broiled as part of a dish. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The common name "tilapia" is based on the name of the <a href="/wiki/Cichlid" title="Cichlid">cichlid</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tilapia_(genus)" title="Tilapia (genus)">Tilapia</a></i>, which is itself a latinization of either <i>tlhapi</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> word for "fish",<sup id="cite_ref-Thiape_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiape-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the Greek word "tilon," referring to a fish mentioned by Aristotle, combined with "apios," meaning "distant".<sup id="cite_ref-Etymonline_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etymonline-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Smith_(zoologist)" title="Andrew Smith (zoologist)">Andrew Smith</a> named the genus in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-FishBaseTilapia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FishBaseTilapia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Nakht_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tomb_of_Nakht_%2810%29.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tomb_of_Nakht_%2810%29.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tomb_of_Nakht_%2810%29.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nakht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Nakht">Tomb of Nakht</a>, from 1500 BC, contains a tilapia hieroglyph just above and to the right of the head of the central tall figure.</figcaption></figure> <p>The aquaculture of <a href="/wiki/Nile_tilapia" title="Nile tilapia">Nile tilapia</a> dates from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, where it was represented by the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyph K1</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_Sign_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardiner's Sign List">Gardiner list</a>: 𓆛. </p><p>The fish <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolized</a> <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">rebirth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian art">Egyptian art</a>, and was associated in Egyptian belief-systems with <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a>, goddess of fertility and abundance.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tilapia was also said to accompany and protect the sun god on his daily journey across the sky, and a tilapia painted on <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tomb</a> walls may recall part of <a href="/wiki/Spell_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spell (paranormal)">spell</a> 15 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i> by which the deceased hopes to take his place in the sun boat: "You see the tilapia in its [true] form at the turquoise pool", and "I behold the tilapia in its [true] nature guiding the speedy boat in its waters."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tilapia were one of the three main types of fish caught in Talmudic times from the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Mango_tilapia#Israel" title="Mango tilapia">Galilean comb</a> (<i>Sarotherodon galilaeus</i>). Today, in Modern Hebrew, the fish species is called <i>amnoon</i> (probably a compound of <i>am</i>, "mother" and <i>noon</i>, "fish"). In English, it is sometimes known by the name "St. Peter's fish", which comes from the narrative in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> about the apostle <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> catching a fish that <a href="/wiki/Coin_in_the_fish%27s_mouth" title="Coin in the fish's mouth">carried a coin in its mouth</a>. Though the passage does not name the fish,<sup id="cite_ref-BibleRef_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BibleRef-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> different tilapia species (<i>Sarotherodon galilaeus</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oreochromis_aureus" title="Oreochromis aureus">Oreochromis aureus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Coptodon_zillii" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptodon zillii">Coptodon zillii</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Tristramella" title="Tristramella">Tristramella</a></i>) are found in the Sea of Galilee, where the author of the Gospel of Matthew recounts the event took place. These species have been the target of small-scale <a href="/wiki/Artisan_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisan fishing">artisanal fisheries</a> in the area for thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker1988_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker1988-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cincy_Post_Rosencrans_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cincy_Post_Rosencrans-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChromisNiloticus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/ChromisNiloticus.jpg/220px-ChromisNiloticus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/ChromisNiloticus.jpg/330px-ChromisNiloticus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/ChromisNiloticus.jpg/440px-ChromisNiloticus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nile_tilapia" title="Nile tilapia">Nile tilapia</a> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Tilapia typically have laterally compressed, deep bodies. Like other cichlids, their lower <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_teeth" title="Pharyngeal teeth">pharyngeal bones</a> are fused into a single tooth-bearing structure. A complex set of muscles allows the upper and lower pharyngeal bones to be used as a second set of jaws for processing food (cf. <a href="/wiki/Moray_eel#Anatomy" title="Moray eel">morays</a>), allowing a division of labor between the "true jaws" (<a href="/wiki/Mandibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandibles">mandibles</a>) and the "<a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_jaws" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngeal jaws">pharyngeal jaws</a>". This means they are efficient feeders that can capture and process a wide variety of food items.<sup id="cite_ref-Loiselle_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loiselle-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their mouths are <a href="/wiki/Fish_jaw" title="Fish jaw">protrusible</a>, usually bordered with wide and often swollen lips. The jaws have conical teeth. Typically, tilapia have a long dorsal fin, and a <a href="/wiki/Lateral_line" title="Lateral line">lateral line</a> that often breaks towards the end of the dorsal fin, and starts again two or three rows of scales below. Some Nile tilapia can grow as long as 60 centimetres (2 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-animals.mom.me_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals.mom.me-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other than their temperature sensitivity, tilapia exist in or can adapt to a very wide range of conditions. An extreme example is the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>, where tilapia introduced when the water was merely brackish now live in salt concentrations so high that other marine fish cannot survive.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tilapia are also known to be mouth-brooding species, which means they carry the fertilized eggs and young fish in their mouths for several days after the yolk sac is absorbed.<sup id="cite_ref-animals.mom.me_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals.mom.me-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing_for_tilapia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="People fishing for tilapia Lake Naivasha, Kenya"><img alt="People fishing for tilapia Lake Naivasha, Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fishing_for_tilapia.jpg/293px-Fishing_for_tilapia.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fishing_for_tilapia.jpg/440px-Fishing_for_tilapia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Fishing_for_tilapia.jpg/585px-Fishing_for_tilapia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">People fishing for tilapia<br /><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naivasha" title="Lake Naivasha">Lake Naivasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 521.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 519.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_kingfisher_(Megaceryle_maxima)_female_composite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant kingfisher with tilapia Lake Naivasha"><img alt="Giant kingfisher with tilapia Lake Naivasha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Giant_kingfisher_%28Megaceryle_maxima%29_female_composite.jpg/779px-Giant_kingfisher_%28Megaceryle_maxima%29_female_composite.jpg" decoding="async" width="520" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Giant_kingfisher_%28Megaceryle_maxima%29_female_composite.jpg/1170px-Giant_kingfisher_%28Megaceryle_maxima%29_female_composite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Giant_kingfisher_%28Megaceryle_maxima%29_female_composite.jpg/1558px-Giant_kingfisher_%28Megaceryle_maxima%29_female_composite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7921" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Giant_kingfisher" title="Giant kingfisher">Giant kingfisher</a> with tilapia<br />Lake Naivasha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:African_fish_eagle_(Haliaeetus_vocifer)_with_fish.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="African fish eagle with tilapia Lake Naivasha"><img alt="African fish eagle with tilapia Lake Naivasha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/African_fish_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_vocifer%29_with_fish.jpg/293px-African_fish_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_vocifer%29_with_fish.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/African_fish_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_vocifer%29_with_fish.jpg/440px-African_fish_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_vocifer%29_with_fish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/African_fish_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_vocifer%29_with_fish.jpg/585px-African_fish_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_vocifer%29_with_fish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/African_fish_eagle" title="African fish eagle">African fish eagle</a> with tilapia<br />Lake Naivasha</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, all tilapia have been included in their namesake genus <i><a href="/wiki/Tilapia_(genus)" title="Tilapia (genus)">Tilapia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunz2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent decades, some were moved into a few other genera, notably <i><a href="/wiki/Oreochromis" title="Oreochromis">Oreochromis</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ITISOreo_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITISOreo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sarotherodon" title="Sarotherodon">Sarotherodon</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ITISSaro_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITISSaro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even with this modification, apparently <i>Tilapia</i> was strongly <a href="/wiki/Polyphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletic">poly–</a> or <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nagl2001_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagl2001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, a major <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> review resolved this by moving most former <i>Tilapia</i> spp. to several other genera. As a consequence, none of the species that are of major economic importance remain in <i>Tilapia</i>, but are instead placed in <i><a href="/wiki/Coptodon" title="Coptodon">Coptodon</a></i>, <i>Oreochormis</i>, and <i>Sarotherodon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunz2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exotic_and_invasive_species">Exotic and invasive species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exotic and invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tilapia_as_exotic_species" title="Tilapia as exotic species">Tilapia as exotic species</a></div> <p>Tilapia have been used as biological controls for certain aquatic plant problems. They have a preference for a floating aquatic plant, <a href="/wiki/Duckweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Duckweed">duckweed</a> (<i>Lemna</i> spp.), but also consume some filamentous algae.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, tilapia were introduced to <a href="/wiki/Mosquito_control" title="Mosquito control">control mosquitoes</a>, which were causing <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, because they consume <a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquito</a> larvae, consequently reducing the numbers of adult female mosquitoes, the <a href="/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (epidemiology)">vector</a> of the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Petr2000_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petr2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These benefits are, however, frequently outweighed by the negative aspects of tilapia as invasive species.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tilapia are unable to survive in temperate climates because they require warm water. The pure strain of the blue tilapia, <i><a href="/wiki/Oreochromis_aureus" title="Oreochromis aureus">Oreochromis aureus</a></i>, has the greatest cold tolerance and dies at 7 °C (45 °F), while all other species of tilapia die at a range of 11 to 17 °C (52 to 62 °F). As a result, they cannot invade temperate habitats and disrupt native ecologies in temperate zones; however, they have spread widely beyond their points of introduction in many fresh and brackish tropical and subtropical habitats, often disrupting native species significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, tilapia are on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a>'s 100 of the World's Worst Alien Invasive Species list.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, tilapia are found in much of the south, especially <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and as far north as Idaho, where they survive in power-plant discharge zones.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tilapia are also currently stocked in the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, canal system as an algal growth-control measure. In a Washington, D.C. fishing report from 21 June 2024, it was reported that an angler caught a Tilapia on a <a href="/wiki/Crankbait" class="mw-redirect" title="Crankbait">crankbait</a> at the Jones Point Park under the <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is on the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>. Many state fish and wildlife agencies in the United States, Australia, South Africa, and elsewhere consider them to be <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aquarium_species">Aquarium species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aquarium species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Larger tilapia species are generally poor community <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquarium</a> fish because they eat plants, dig up the bottom, and fight with other fish. The larger species are often raised as a food source, though, because they grow rapidly and tolerate high stocking densities and poor water quality. </p><p>Smaller West African species, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Coelotilapia_joka" title="Coelotilapia joka">Coelotilapia joka</a></i> and species from the crater lakes of <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, are more popular as aquarium fish. In specialised cichlid aquaria, tilapia can be mixed successfully with nonterritorial cichlids, <a href="/wiki/Callichthyidae" title="Callichthyidae">armored catfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinfoil_barb" title="Tinfoil barb">tinfoil barbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garpike" class="mw-redirect" title="Garpike">garpike</a>, and other robust fish. Some species, including <i><a href="/wiki/Heterotilapia_buttikoferi" title="Heterotilapia buttikoferi">Heterotilapia buttikoferi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Coptodon_rendalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptodon rendalli">Coptodon rendalli</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pelmatolapia_mariae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelmatolapia mariae">Pelmatolapia mariae</a></i>, <i>C. joka</i>, and the brackish-water <i><a href="/wiki/Sarotherodon_melanotheron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarotherodon melanotheron">Sarotherodon melanotheron</a></i>, have attractive patterns and are quite decorative.<sup id="cite_ref-AC2008_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC2008-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:14em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender; font-size:125%;">Commercial fish</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_walleye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/75px-Blue_walleye.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/113px-Blue_walleye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/150px-Blue_walleye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Predatory_fish" title="Predatory fish">Large predatory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billfish#Species" title="Billfish">billfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonito#Species" title="Bonito">bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Species" title="Mackerel">mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon#Species" title="Salmon">salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Etymology" title="Tuna">tuna</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Commercial_species" title="Anchovy">anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring#Species" title="Herring">herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden#Taxonomy" title="Menhaden">menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine#Species" title="Sardine">sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alosidae" title="Alosidae">shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat#Species" title="Sprat">sprat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod#Species" title="Cod">cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel#Commercial_species" title="Eel">eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish#Species_and_species_groups" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock#Species" title="Pollock">pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Batoidea">ray</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> Mixed</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Species" title="Carp">carp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Species">tilapia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_fish" title="Template:Common fish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_fish" title="Template talk:Common fish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_fish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common fish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_species">Commercial species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Commercial species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tilapia were originally farmed in their native Africa and <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. Fast-growing, tolerant of stocking density, and adaptable, tilapia have been introduced to and are farmed extensively in many parts of Asia and are increasingly common <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> targets elsewhere. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="11">Principal commercial tilapia species </th></tr> <tr> <th>Common name </th> <th>Scientific name </th> <th>Maximum<br />length </th> <th>Common<br />length </th> <th>Maximum<br />weight </th> <th>Maximum<br />age </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic<br />level</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">Fish<br />Base</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/WoRMS" class="mw-redirect" title="WoRMS">WoRMS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nile_tilapia" title="Nile tilapia">Nile tilapia</a> </td> <td><i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.324 kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAONileTilapia_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAONileTilapia-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="NT IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="NT IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least Concern<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Blue_tilapia" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue tilapia">Blue tilapia</a> </td> <td style="background:#eef;"><span class="nowrap">    </span>- <i>Oreochromis aureus</i><br /> <span class="nowrap">      </span><small>(Steindachner, 1864)</small> </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:right;">45.7 cm </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:right;">16 cm </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:right;">2.010 kg </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:center;">2.1 </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="background:#eef; text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="NT IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="NT IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least Concern<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Nile tilapia + blue tilapia hybrid </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="background:#eee;" colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_tilapia" title="Mozambique tilapia">Mozambique tilapia</a> </td> <td><i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> <small>(Peters, 1852)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.130 kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VU_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="NT IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="NT IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Vulnerable</small><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNgladius2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNgladius2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Global harvest of tilapia species in million tonnes as reported by the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>, 1950–2009 <sup id="cite_ref-faostat_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilapia_wild_capture_time_series.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tilapia_wild_capture_time_series.png/300px-Tilapia_wild_capture_time_series.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tilapia_wild_capture_time_series.png/450px-Tilapia_wild_capture_time_series.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tilapia_wild_capture_time_series.png/600px-Tilapia_wild_capture_time_series.png 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">↑ Wild capture</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilapia_aquaculture_time_series.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tilapia_aquaculture_time_series.png/300px-Tilapia_aquaculture_time_series.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tilapia_aquaculture_time_series.png/450px-Tilapia_aquaculture_time_series.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tilapia_aquaculture_time_series.png/600px-Tilapia_aquaculture_time_series.png 2x" data-file-width="1351" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">↑ Aquaculture production</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aquaculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Aquaculture of tilapia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rednile2jf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rednile2jf.JPG/220px-Rednile2jf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rednile2jf.JPG/330px-Rednile2jf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rednile2jf.JPG/440px-Rednile2jf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Red nile tilapia under experimentation in <a href="/wiki/CLSU" class="mw-redirect" title="CLSU">CLSU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Farmed tilapia production in 2002 worldwide was about 1.5 million tonnes (1.7 million short tons) annually, with an estimated value of US$1.8 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about equal to those of <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>. </p><p>Unlike carnivorous fish, tilapia can feed on <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> or any plant-based food. This reduces the cost of tilapia farming, reduces fishing pressure on prey species, avoids concentrating toxins that accumulate at higher levels of the <a href="/wiki/Food_chain" title="Food chain">food chain</a>, and makes tilapia the preferred "aquatic chickens" of the trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow2000_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barlow2000-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of their large size, rapid growth, and palatability, tilapia cichlids are the focus of major farming efforts, specifically various species of <i>Oreochromis</i>, <i>Sarotherodon</i>, and <i>Coptodon</i> (all were formerly in the namesake genus <i>Tilapia</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunz2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other large fish, they are a good source of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> and popular among artisanal and commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fisheries</a>. Most such fisheries were originally found in Africa, but outdoor fish farms in tropical countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, are underway in freshwater lakes.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Temperate_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate zone">temperate zone</a> localities, tilapiine farming operations require energy to warm the water to tropical temperatures. One method uses <a href="/wiki/Waste_heat" title="Waste heat">waste heat</a> from factories and power stations.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (September 2012)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At 1.3 million tonnes per annum, China is the largest tilapia producer in the world, followed by Egypt with 0.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US, by comparison, produces 10 thousand tonnes against a consumption of 2.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild-type" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild-type">wild-type</a> Nile tilapia are not too often seen, as the dark color of their flesh is not much desired by many customers, and because it has a bit of a reputation of being a <a href="/wiki/Rough_fish" title="Rough fish">rough fish</a> associated with poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-miami_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miami-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they are fast-growing and give good <a href="/wiki/Fish_fillet" title="Fish fillet">fillets</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leucistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Leucistic">leucistic</a> ("red") breeds which have lighter meat have been developed and are very popular. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">Hybrid</a> stock is also used in aquaculture; Nile × blue tilapia hybrids are usually rather dark, but a light-colored hybrid breed known as "Rocky Mountain White" tilapia is often grown due to its very light flesh and tolerance of low temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-miami_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miami-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commercially grown tilapia are almost exclusively male, typically done by adding male <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone" title="Sex hormone">sex hormone</a> in the food to the tilapia <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_fish" title="Juvenile fish">fry</a>, causing any potential female tilapia to change sex to male.<sup id="cite_ref-FAONileTilapia_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAONileTilapia-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wan2019_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wan2019-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also be achieved through <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridization</a> of certain tilapia species or the use of so-called "supermales" that have <a href="/wiki/Homozygous" class="mw-redirect" title="Homozygous">homozygous</a> male sex chromosomes (resulting in all their offspring receiving a male sex chromosome and thus becoming males).<sup id="cite_ref-Wan2019_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wan2019-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baroiller2009_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baroiller2009-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males are preferred because they grow much faster than females.<sup id="cite_ref-FAONileTilapia_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAONileTilapia-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, because tilapia are prolific breeders, the presence of female tilapia results in rapidly increasing populations of small fish, rather than a stable population of harvest-size animals.<sup id="cite_ref-MyTilapia_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyTilapia-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (September 2012)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tilapia, as a "traditional" dish, was first introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> in 1950 with <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_tilapia" title="Mozambique tilapia">Mozambique tilapia</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Nile_tilapia" title="Nile tilapia">Nile tilapia</a> in 1972 from Thailand. Strains such as <a href="/wiki/Terapon" title="Terapon">terapon</a> (gunggong) and <a href="/wiki/Neogobius_pallasi" title="Neogobius pallasi">white goby</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tank_goby" title="Tank goby">biyang puti</a>) were abundant in <a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Bay" title="Laguna de Bay">Laguna de Bay</a>. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/WorldFish" title="WorldFish">WorldFish</a>, Filipino and Norwegian researchers started <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">aquaculture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">Genetically Improved</a> Farmed Tilapia (GIFT).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other methods of tilapia population control are <a href="/wiki/Polyculture" title="Polyculture">polyculture</a>, with predators farmed alongside tilapia or hybridization with other species.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_food">As food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilapiajf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tilapiajf.JPG/220px-Tilapiajf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tilapiajf.JPG/330px-Tilapiajf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tilapiajf.JPG/440px-Tilapiajf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Escabeche" title="Escabeche">Escabeche</a> fresh tilapia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilapia_zillii_Kineret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tilapia_zillii_Kineret.jpg/220px-Tilapia_zillii_Kineret.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tilapia_zillii_Kineret.jpg/330px-Tilapia_zillii_Kineret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tilapia_zillii_Kineret.jpg/440px-Tilapia_zillii_Kineret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Redbelly_tilapia" title="Redbelly tilapia">Redbelly tilapia</a> or "St. Peter's fish" from the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a> served in a <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> restaurant</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackened_tilapia_with_Cajun_spices,_lemon_and_lime_juice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blackened tilapia with Cajun spices, lemon and lime juice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blackened_tilapia_with_Cajun_spices%2C_lemon_and_lime_juice.jpg/220px-Blackened_tilapia_with_Cajun_spices%2C_lemon_and_lime_juice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blackened_tilapia_with_Cajun_spices%2C_lemon_and_lime_juice.jpg/330px-Blackened_tilapia_with_Cajun_spices%2C_lemon_and_lime_juice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blackened_tilapia_with_Cajun_spices%2C_lemon_and_lime_juice.jpg/440px-Blackened_tilapia_with_Cajun_spices%2C_lemon_and_lime_juice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Blackened tilapia filets seasoned with Cajun spices, lemon & lime juice</figcaption></figure> <p>Tilapia, introduced to the state in the 1950s as a cheap protein source, quickly spread across the state’s freshwater bodies because of its ability to thrive in polluted, low-oxygen environments. <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fisheries Research Committee has recommended the culture of this fish only in areas in the western slopes of the Western Ghats and the coastal strip between Cape Comorin and south of and excluding river Tapti, and in districts of Tinnevellv, Madurai and Ramnad in Madras south of and including river Vaigai. The Committee has suggested further investigation to enable it to examine the question of desirability of Tilapia culture in other parts of India.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whole tilapia fish can be processed into skinless, boneless fillets. In some of the commercial strains, the yield has been reported up to 47% at harvest weight.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tilapia are among the commercially important aquaculture species that are susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Off-flavors" class="mw-redirect" title="Off-flavors">off-flavors</a> (others include trout, <a href="/wiki/Barramundi" title="Barramundi">barramundi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Channel_catfish" title="Channel catfish">channel catfish</a>). These 'muddy' or 'musty' flavors are normally caused by <a href="/wiki/Geosmin" title="Geosmin">geosmin</a> and <a href="/wiki/2-methylisoborneol" class="mw-redirect" title="2-methylisoborneol">2-methylisoborneol</a>, organic products of ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a> that are often present or bloom sporadically in water bodies and soil. These flavors are no indication of freshness or safety of the fish, but they make the product unattractive to consumers. Simple quality-control procedures are known to be effective in ensuring the quality of fish entering the market.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tilapia have very low levels of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tilapia are low in <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a>, calories, carbohydrates, and sodium, and are a good protein source. They also contain the micronutrients <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niacin_(substance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (substance)">niacin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tilapia may be a less nutritious fish than generally believed. The fish's <a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3 fatty acid</a> content is often far lower than that of other commonly eaten fish species. Their <a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">omega-6 fatty acid</a> levels are unusually high. Multiple studies have evaluated the effects of adding <a href="/wiki/Flaxseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaxseed">flaxseed</a> derivatives (a vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids) to the feed of farmed tilapia. These studies have found both the more common omega-3 fatty acid found in the flax, <a href="/wiki/Alpha-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Linolenic acid">ALA</a> and the two types almost unique to animal sources (<a href="/wiki/Docosahexaenoic_acid" title="Docosahexaenoic acid">DHA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eicosapentaenoic_acid" title="Eicosapentaenoic acid">EPA</a>), increased in the fish fed this diet.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guided by these findings, tilapia farming techniques could be adjusted to address the nutritional criticisms directed at the fish, while retaining its advantage as an omnivore capable of feeding on economically and environmentally inexpensive vegetable protein. Adequate diets for salmon and other carnivorous fish can alternatively be formulated from protein sources such as <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a>, although soy-based diets with soy oil may also change in the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.<sup id="cite_ref-Espe_et_al._2006_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Espe_et_al._2006-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous_uses">Miscellaneous uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv/220px--Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv/Fish_types_-_Tamil_Nadu210.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Tilapia and guppies, young and mature, of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecological_agent">Ecological agent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ecological agent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tilapia serve as a natural, biological control for most aquatic plant problems. They consume floating aquatic plants, such as <a href="/wiki/Duckweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Duckweed">duckweed</a> <a href="/wiki/Watermeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Watermeal">watermeal</a> (<i>Lemna</i> spp.), most "undesirable" submerged plants, and most forms of algae.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States and countries such as <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, they are becoming the plant-control method of choice, reducing or eliminating the use of toxic chemicals and heavy metal-based algaecides. However, their <a href="/wiki/Tilapia_as_exotic_species" title="Tilapia as exotic species">environmental impact as an invasive species</a> may outweigh their ecological benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-BradfordKroonRussel_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BradfordKroonRussel-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their tolerance for a wide range of environmental conditions allow them to thrive in polluted or otherwise degraded aquatic habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BradfordKroonRussel_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BradfordKroonRussel-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are used for zoo ponds as a source of food for birds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tilapia can be farmed with shrimp in a symbiotic manner, positively enhancing the productive output of both.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> stocks many public ponds and lakes to help with vegetation control, favoring tilapia as a robust forage species and for anglers. </p><p>In Kenya, tilapia help <a href="/wiki/Mosquito_control" title="Mosquito control">control mosquitoes</a>, which carry <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> parasites. They consume <a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquito</a> <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a>, which reduces the numbers of adult females, the disease's <a href="/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (epidemiology)">vector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petr2000_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petr2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_use">Medical use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, Nile tilapia (<i><a href="/wiki/Oreochromis_niloticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreochromis niloticus">Oreochromis niloticus</a></i>) fish skin applied as a bandage is first used in a 2017 clinical trial to treat burn injuries,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after successful trial in rats.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, tilapia skin has been used to successfully treat third-degree wounds to the paws of two black bears caught in California's <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fire" title="Thomas Fire">Thomas wildfire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also to treat burns on the paws of a black bear from California's <a href="/wiki/Carr_Fire" title="Carr Fire">Carr wildfire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nile tilapia skin has completed a phase III clinical trial for superficial partial-thickness burns. The fish skin group showed faster healing, lower pain, reduced dressing changes, and lower treatment costs compared to silver sulfadiazine cream control.<sup id="cite_ref-Burn-P3_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burn-P3-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nile tilapia skin has also been used in <a href="/wiki/Neovaginoplasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neovaginoplasty">neovaginoplasty</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Skin_graft" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin graft">skin graft</a> material, for <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCllerian_agenesis" title="Müllerian agenesis">Müllerian agenesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_stenosis" title="Vaginal stenosis">vaginal stenosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">gender-affirming surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The skin-growing properties of tilapia skin are believed to be linked to its high <a href="/wiki/Type_I_collagen" title="Type I collagen">type I collagen</a> content and structural similarities to human skin. The material is also quite strong despite its low thickness.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current procedure for skin use<sup id="cite_ref-Burn-P3_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burn-P3-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calls for chemical sterilization with chlorhexidine, immersion in <a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">glycerol</a>, followed by gamma ray sterilization, plus a few washes with saline in between.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parasites">Parasites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Parasites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with most fish, tilapia harbor a variety of <a href="/wiki/Fish_parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish parasites">parasites</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/Monogenean" class="mw-redirect" title="Monogenean">monogeneans</a>, these especially include species of the megadiverse <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cichlidogyrus" title="Cichlidogyrus">Cichlidogyrus</a></i>, which are gill parasites. Species of <i><a href="/wiki/Enterogyrus" title="Enterogyrus">Enterogyrus</a></i> are parasites in the digestive system. Tilapia, as important aquaculture fishes, have been introduced widely all over the world, and often carried their monogenean parasites with them. In <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a>, a 2019 study has shown that nine species of monogeneans were carried by introduced tilapia.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhangZhi2019_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhangZhi2019-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/site/629/default.aspx">Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Statistics</a> UN Food and Agriculture Department</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunz2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunz2013_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndreas_R.DunzUlrich_K.Schliewen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Andreas R.Dunz & Ulrich K.Schliewen (2013). "Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as <i>Tilapia</i>". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>68</b> (1): 64–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2013.03.015">10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23542002">23542002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Molecular+phylogeny+and+revised+classification+of+the+haplotilapiine+cichlid+fishes+formerly+referred+to+as+Tilapia&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=64-80&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2013.03.015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23542002&rft.au=Andreas+R.Dunz&rft.au=Ulrich+K.Schliewen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daff-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-daff_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/pest-fish/noxious-fish/tilapia">"Tilapia"</a>. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tilapia&rft.pub=Department+of+Agriculture%2C+Fisheries+and+Forestry&rft.date=2013-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daff.qld.gov.au%2Ffisheries%2Fpest-fish%2Fnoxious-fish%2Ftilapia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiape-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thiape_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1992" class="citation web cs1">Chapman, Frank A. (July 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA012">"Culture of Hybrid Tilapia: A Reference Profile"</a>. <i>Circular 1051</i>. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Circular+1051&rft.atitle=Culture+of+Hybrid+Tilapia%3A+A+Reference+Profile&rft.date=1992-07&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Frank+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedis.ifas.ufl.edu%2FFA012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Etymonline-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Etymonline_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/tilapia">"Tilapia"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Tilapia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Ftilapia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FishBaseTilapia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FishBaseTilapia_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001027073726/http://www.fishbase.org/Eschmeyer/GeneraSummary.cfm?ID=Tilapia">"Genera Summary: Tilapia"</a>. <i>Catalog of Fish – W. N. Eschmeyer; California Academy of Sciences</i>. <a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>. June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/Eschmeyer/GeneraSummary.cfm?ID=Tilapia">the original</a> on 2000-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catalog+of+Fish+%E2%80%93+W.+N.+Eschmeyer%3B+California+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Genera+Summary%3A+Tilapia&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2FEschmeyer%2FGeneraSummary.cfm%3FID%3DTilapia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z3LaEAAAQBAJ"><i>Tilapia Farming: Exploring the Science and Technology of Cultivating a Global Aquaculture Staple</i></a>. Red Dot Publications. 2 October 2023. p. 36<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Tilapia's association with the goddess Hathor, the embodiment of fertility and abundance, elevated their status to more than just a food source. The presence of tilapia in Egyptian artwork and hieroglyphs underscores their cultural and culinary importance. Tilapia became woven into the tapestry of Egyptian beliefs, connecting the divine and the everyday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tilapia+Farming%3A+Exploring+the+Science+and+Technology+of+Cultivating+a+Global+Aquaculture+Staple&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Red+Dot+Publications&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz3LaEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobins1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gay_Robins" title="Gay Robins">Robins, Gay</a> (1993). "Images of women in literature and art". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UTSA88SVHCMC"><i>Women in Ancient Egypt</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674954694" title="Special:BookSources/9780674954694"><bdi>9780674954694</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>The tilapia also has mythological connections, since it is said to accompany and protect the sun god on his daily journey. The possession of the tilapia by the tomb owner recalls part of spell 15 of the <i>Book of the Dead</i> by which the deceased hopes to take his place in the sun bark: 'You see the tilapia in its (true) form at the turquoise pool', and 'I behold the tilapia in its (true) nature guiding the speedy boat in its waters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Images+of+women+in+literature+and+art&rft.btitle=Women+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780674954694&rft.aulast=Robins&rft.aufirst=Gay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUTSA88SVHCMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BibleRef-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BibleRef_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2017:24–27&version=nrsv">Matthew 17:24–27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baker1988-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baker1988_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1988" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Jenny (1988). <i>Simply Fish</i>. London: Faber & Faber. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-14966-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-14966-9"><bdi>0-571-14966-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simply+Fish&rft.place=London&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-571-14966-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cincy_Post_Rosencrans-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cincy_Post_Rosencrans_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosencrans2003" class="citation news cs1">Rosencrans, Joyce (2003-07-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218163036/http://www.cincypost.com/2003/07/16/tilap071603.html">"Tilapia is a farmed fish of biblical fame"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Post" title="The Cincinnati Post">The Cincinnati Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/E._W._Scripps_Company" title="E. W. Scripps Company">E. W. Scripps Company</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cincypost.com/2003/07/16/tilap071603.html">the original</a> on 2006-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Post&rft.atitle=Tilapia+is+a+farmed+fish+of+biblical+fame&rft.date=2003-07-16&rft.aulast=Rosencrans&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincypost.com%2F2003%2F07%2F16%2Ftilap071603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loiselle-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loiselle_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoiselle1994" class="citation book cs1">Loiselle, P.V. (1994). <i>The Cichlid Aquarium</i>. Tetra Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56465-146-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56465-146-0"><bdi>1-56465-146-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cichlid+Aquarium&rft.pub=Tetra+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-56465-146-0&rft.aulast=Loiselle&rft.aufirst=P.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-animals.mom.me-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-animals.mom.me_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animals.mom.me_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animals.mom.me/origin-tilapia-fish-8325.html">"What Is the Origin of Tilapia Fish?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Is+the+Origin+of+Tilapia+Fish%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimals.mom.me%2Forigin-tilapia-fish-8325.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Science and the CSU<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.calstate.edu/science/?p=1632">The Salton Sea: Fishing for Answers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422231751/http://blogs.calstate.edu/science/?p=1632">Archived</a> 2014-04-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><br />A half-century later, a few species of fish have been hearty enough to survive. One of them is the tilapia and its key to the survival of the Salton's ecosystem, which includes millions of birds that depend on them for food...<br /><br />"The salinity level of the Salton Sea is about 45 parts per thousand (ppt), which is about 30% saltier than the ocean"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITISOreo-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITISOreo_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=170014">"Oreochromis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a>. 16 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oreochromis&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft.date=2007-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D170014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITISSaro-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITISSaro_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=553244">"Sarotherodon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a>. 16 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarotherodon&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft.date=2007-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D553244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nagl2001-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nagl2001_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaglHerbet_TichyWerner_E._MayerIrene_E._Samonte2001" class="citation journal cs1">Nagl, Sandra; Herbet Tichy; Werner E. Mayer; Irene E. Samonte; Brendan J. McAndrew; Jan Klein (2001). "Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>20</b> (3): 361–374. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MolPE..20..361N">2001MolPE..20..361N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fmpev.2001.0979">10.1006/mpev.2001.0979</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11527464">11527464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Classification+and+Phylogenetic+Relationships+of+African+Tilapiine+Fishes+Inferred+from+Mitochondrial+DNA+Sequences&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=361-374&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11527464&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fmpev.2001.0979&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001MolPE..20..361N&rft.aulast=Nagl&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.au=Herbet+Tichy&rft.au=Werner+E.+Mayer&rft.au=Irene+E.+Samonte&rft.au=Brendan+J.+McAndrew&rft.au=Jan+Klein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_W._Cross2013" class="citation web cs1">John W. Cross (2013-08-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921081544/http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/weed_control.htm">"Aquatic Weed Control"</a>. Mobot.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/weed_control.htm">the original</a> on 2012-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aquatic+Weed+Control&rft.pub=Mobot.org&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft.au=John+W.+Cross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2Fjwcross%2Fduckweed%2Fweed_control.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petr2000-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Petr2000_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petr2000_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetr2000" class="citation journal cs1">Petr, T (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/X7580E/X7580E00.HTM">"Interactions between fish and aquatic macrophytes in inland waters. A review"</a>. <i>FAO Fisheries Technical Papers</i>. <b>396</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAO+Fisheries+Technical+Papers&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+fish+and+aquatic+macrophytes+in+inland+waters.+A+review.&rft.volume=396&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Petr&rft.aufirst=T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F006%2FX7580E%2FX7580E00.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1323">"Oreochromis aureus"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oreochromis+aureus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issg.org%2Fdatabase%2Fspecies%2Fecology.asp%3Fsi%3D1323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gisp.org/casestudies/showcasestudy.asp?id=78&MyMenuItem=casestudies&worldmap=&country=">"Global Invasive Species Programme, Invasive Species Information, Tilapia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Invasive+Species+Programme%2C+Invasive+Species+Information%2C+Tilapia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisp.org%2Fcasestudies%2Fshowcasestudy.asp%3Fid%3D78%26MyMenuItem%3Dcasestudies%26worldmap%3D%26country%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issg.org/worst100_species.html">"100 of the World's Worst Alien Invasive Species"</a>. <i>Invasive Species Specialist Group</i>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Species_Survival_Commission" title="IUCN Species Survival Commission">IUCN Species Survival Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Invasive+Species+Specialist+Group&rft.atitle=100+of+the+World%27s+Worst+Alien+Invasive+Species&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issg.org%2Fworst100_species.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=463">"NAS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species"</a>. USGS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NAS+%E2%80%93+Nonindigenous+Aquatic+Species&rft.pub=USGS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnas.er.usgs.gov%2Fqueries%2Ffactsheet.aspx%3FSpeciesID%3D463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doee.dc.gov/service/district-fishing-reports">"District Fishing Report"</a>. No. 21 June 2024. DOEE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=District+Fishing+Report&rft.issue=21+June+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoee.dc.gov%2Fservice%2Fdistrict-fishing-reports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issg.org/database/species/management_info.asp?si=131&fr=1&sts=&lang=EN">"Oreochromis mossambicus (fish)"</a>. <i>Global Invasive Species Database</i>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Species_Survival_Commission" title="IUCN Species Survival Commission">IUCN Species Survival Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Invasive+Species+Database&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+mossambicus+%28fish%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issg.org%2Fdatabase%2Fspecies%2Fmanagement_info.asp%3Fsi%3D131%26fr%3D1%26sts%3D%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC2008-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AC2008_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tilapia/aquariums.php">"Keeping Tilapia in Aquariums"</a>. <i>Tilapia</i>. AC Tropical Fish. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tilapia&rft.atitle=Keeping+Tilapia+in+Aquariums&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aquaticcommunity.com%2Ftilapia%2Faquariums.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Oreochromis&speciesname=niloticus">"<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. September 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+niloticus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DOreochromis%26speciesname%3Dniloticus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3217/en">"<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> Linnaeus, 1758)"</a>. <i>Species Fact Sheet</i>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> of the United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Species+Fact+Sheet&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+niloticus+Linnaeus%2C+1758%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F3217%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAONileTilapia-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAONileTilapia_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAONileTilapia_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAONileTilapia_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNico,_L.G.P.J._SchofieldM.E._Neilson2019" class="citation web cs1">Nico, L.G.; P.J. Schofield; M.E. Neilson (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Oreochromis_niloticus/en">"Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)"</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oreochromis+niloticus+%28Linnaeus%2C+1758%29&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization%2C+United+Nations&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Nico%2C+L.G.&rft.au=P.J.+Schofield&rft.au=M.E.+Neilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fculturedspecies%2FOreochromis_niloticus%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=293639">"<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>"</a>. <i>WoRMS</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WoRMS&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+niloticus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D293639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiallo,_I.Snoeks,_J.Freyhof,_J.Geelhand,_D.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Diallo, I.; Snoeks, J.; Freyhof, J.; Geelhand, D.; Hughes, A. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/166975/134879289">"<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2020</b>: e.T166975A134879289. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T166975A134879289.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T166975A134879289.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+niloticus&rft.volume=2020&rft.pages=e.T166975A134879289&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T166975A134879289.en&rft.au=Diallo%2C+I.&rft.au=Snoeks%2C+J.&rft.au=Freyhof%2C+J.&rft.au=Geelhand%2C+D.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F166975%2F134879289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Oreochromis&speciesname=aureus">"<i>Oreochromis aureus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. September 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+aureus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DOreochromis%26speciesname%3Daureus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=279196">"<i>Oreochromis aureus</i>"</a>. <i>WoRMS</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WoRMS&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+aureus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D279196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iucn-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAwaïss,_A.Azeroual,_A.Lalèyè,_P.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Awaïss, A.; Azeroual, A. & Lalèyè, P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/166933/6293372">"<i>Oreochromis aureus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2010</b>: e.T166933A6293372<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+aureus&rft.volume=2010&rft.pages=e.T166933A6293372&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Awa%C3%AFss%2C+A.&rft.au=Azeroual%2C+A.&rft.au=Lal%C3%A8y%C3%A8%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F166933%2F6293372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Oreochromis&speciesname=mossambicus">"<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. September 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+mossambicus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DOreochromis%26speciesname%3Dmossambicus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2408/en">"<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> (Peters, 1852)"</a>. <i>Species Fact Sheet</i>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> of the United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Species+Fact+Sheet&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+mossambicus+%28Peters%2C+1852%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fspecies%2F2408%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218777">"<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> (Peters, 1852)"</a>. <i>WoRMS</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WoRMS&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+mossambicus+%28Peters%2C+1852%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D218777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNgladius2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNgladius2_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBills,_R.2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bills, R. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/63338/174782954">"<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2019</b>: e.T63338A174782954. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T63338A174782954.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T63338A174782954.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Oreochromis+mossambicus&rft.volume=2019&rft.pages=e.T63338A174782954&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T63338A174782954.en&rft.au=Bills%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F63338%2F174782954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faostat-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faostat_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faostat_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on data from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/site/629/default.aspx">FishStat database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Silva,_S.SSubasinghe,_R.P.Bartley,_D.M.Lowther,_A.2004" class="citation web cs1">De Silva, S.S; Subasinghe, R.P.; Bartley, D.M.; Lowther, A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080217052013/http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5728e/y5728e00.htm">"Tilapias as Alien Aquatics in Asia and the Pacific: A Review"</a>. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper – No. 453. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/007/y5728e/y5728e00.HTM">the original</a> on 17 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tilapias+as+Alien+Aquatics+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific%3A+A+Review&rft.pub=FAO+Fisheries+Technical+Paper+%E2%80%93+No.+453&rft.date=2004&rft.au=De+Silva%2C+S.S&rft.au=Subasinghe%2C+R.P.&rft.au=Bartley%2C+D.M.&rft.au=Lowther%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocuments%2Fshow_cdr.asp%3Furl_file%3D%2Fdocrep%2F007%2Fy5728e%2Fy5728e00.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow2000-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barlow2000_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlow2000" class="citation book cs1">Barlow, G. W. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cichlidfishesnat00geor_0"><i>The Cichlid Fishes</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7382-0376-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7382-0376-9"><bdi>0-7382-0376-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cichlid+Fishes&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Perseus+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7382-0376-9&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcichlidfishesnat00geor_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060517151932/http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=%2Fdocrep%2F007%2Fy5728e%2Fy5728e05.htm">"Title unknown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> of the United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/007/y5728e/y5728e05.htm">the original</a> on May 17, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Title+unknown&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocuments%2Fshow_cdr.asp%3Furl_file%3D%2Fdocrep%2F007%2Fy5728e%2Fy5728e05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080730045855/http://www.auri.org/news/ainjul98/tilapia.htm">"GO FISH, Egyptian Style"</a>. <i>Ag Innovation News</i>. Agricultural Utilization Research Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auri.org/news/ainjul98/tilapia.htm">the original</a> on 2008-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ag+Innovation+News&rft.atitle=GO+FISH%2C+Egyptian+Style&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auri.org%2Fnews%2Fainjul98%2Ftilapia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101112190054/http://www.eco-business.com/news/2010/oct/28/finding-more-fish-between-egypt-and-vietnam/">"Finding more fish, between Egypt and Vietnam"</a>. eco-business.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eco-business.com/news/2010/oct/28/finding-more-fish-between-egypt-and-vietnam/">the original</a> on 12 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+more+fish%2C+between+Egypt+and+Vietnam&rft.pub=eco-business.com&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eco-business.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2Foct%2F28%2Ffinding-more-fish-between-egypt-and-vietnam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miami-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miami_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miami_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miami-aquaculture.com/tilapia.htm">"Tilapia Aquaculture"</a>. Miami Aqua-culture, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tilapia+Aquaculture&rft.pub=Miami+Aqua-culture%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miami-aquaculture.com%2Ftilapia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wan2019-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wan2019_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wan2019_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWan,_Z.Y.G._LinG._Yue2019" class="citation journal cs1">Wan, Z.Y.; G. Lin; G. Yue (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aaf.2019.05.003">"Genes for sexual body size dimorphism in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp. x Oreochromis mossambicus)"</a>. <i>Aquaculture and Fisheries</i>. <b>4</b> (6): 231–238. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AqFis...4..231W">2019AqFis...4..231W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aaf.2019.05.003">10.1016/j.aaf.2019.05.003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10356%2F142831">10356/142831</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Genes+for+sexual+body+size+dimorphism+in+hybrid+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+sp.+x+Oreochromis+mossambicus%29&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=231-238&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10356%2F142831&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aaf.2019.05.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019AqFis...4..231W&rft.au=Wan%2C+Z.Y.&rft.au=G.+Lin&rft.au=G.+Yue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.aaf.2019.05.003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baroiller2009-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baroiller2009_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaroiller,_J.F.H._D'CottaE._BezaultS._Wessels2009" class="citation journal cs1">Baroiller, J.F.; H. D'Cotta; E. Bezault; S. Wessels; G. Hoerstgen-Schwark (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agritrop.cirad.fr/548992/">"Tilapia sex determination: Where temperature and genetics meet"</a>. <i>Comp Biochem Physiol A</i>. <b>153</b> (1): 30–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cbpa.2008.11.018">10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.11.018</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19101647">19101647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comp+Biochem+Physiol+A&rft.atitle=Tilapia+sex+determination%3A+Where+temperature+and+genetics+meet&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=30-38&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cbpa.2008.11.018&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19101647&rft.au=Baroiller%2C+J.F.&rft.au=H.+D%27Cotta&rft.au=E.+Bezault&rft.au=S.+Wessels&rft.au=G.+Hoerstgen-Schwark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagritrop.cirad.fr%2F548992%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MyTilapia-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MyTilapia_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mytilapia.com/tilapia_fact.aspx">"Fact about Tilapia Fish (<i>Oreochromis </i>spp.)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+about+Tilapia+Fish+%28Oreochromis+spp.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mytilapia.com%2Ftilapia_fact.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasco2024" class="citation news cs1">Lasco, Gideon (August 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opinion.inquirer.net/175686/tilapia-a-history">"Tilapia, a history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tilapia%2C+a+history&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft.aulast=Lasco&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinion.inquirer.net%2F175686%2Ftilapia-a-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreinHulataPaulyInternational_Center_for_Living_Aquatic_Resources_Management1993" class="citation book cs1">Prein, M.; Hulata, Gideon; Pauly, D.; International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, eds. (1993). <i>Multivariate methods in aquaculture research: case studies of Tilapias in experimental and commercial systems</i>. ICLARM contribution. Manila, Philippines : Bet Dagan, Israel : Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (<a href="/wiki/ICLARM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICLARM">ICLARM</a>) ; Agricultural Research Organization ; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-10-2285-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-10-2285-3"><bdi>978-971-10-2285-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multivariate+methods+in+aquaculture+research%3A+case+studies+of+Tilapias+in+experimental+and+commercial+systems&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines+%3A+Bet+Dagan%2C+Israel+%3A+Bonn%2C+Federal+Republic+of+Germany&rft.series=ICLARM+contribution&rft.pub=International+Center+for+Living+Aquatic+Resources+Management+%28ICLARM%29+%3B+Agricultural+Research+Organization+%3B+Bundesministerium+f%C3%BCr+Wirtschaftliche+Zusammenarbeit+und+Entwicklung&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-971-10-2285-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-launches-urgent-culling-of-invasive-tilapia-to-revitalize-adyar-creek/articleshow/114351674.cms">"Chennai Agency Culls African-Origin Fish to Save Adyar Creek"</a>. October 18, 2024 – via The Economic Times - The Times of India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chennai+Agency+Culls+African-Origin+Fish+to+Save+Adyar+Creek&rft.date=2024-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fchennai%2Fchennai-launches-urgent-culling-of-invasive-tilapia-to-revitalize-adyar-creek%2Farticleshow%2F114351674.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1078148/1/01_X_27-09-1955_p32_p32_s2261.pdf">https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1078148/1/01_X_27-09-1955_p32_p32_s2261.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFØdegårdAlvarezVeraSkaarud2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ødegård, Jørgen; Alvarez, Alejandro Tola; Vera, Mayet de; Skaarud, Anders; Joshi, Rajesh (2019-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/725143v1">"Genomic prediction for commercial traits using univariate and multivariate approaches in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)"</a>. <i>bioRxiv</i>: 725143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F725143">10.1101/725143</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bioRxiv&rft.atitle=Genomic+prediction+for+commercial+traits+using+univariate+and+multivariate+approaches+in+Nile+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29&rft.pages=725143&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2F725143&rft.aulast=%C3%98deg%C3%A5rd&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rgen&rft.au=Alvarez%2C+Alejandro+Tola&rft.au=Vera%2C+Mayet+de&rft.au=Skaarud%2C+Anders&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Rajesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.1101%2F725143v1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGjøenT._H._E._MeuwissenWoolliamsJoshi2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gjøen, H. M.; T. H. E. Meuwissen; Woolliams, J. A.; Joshi, R. (May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889400">"Maternal, dominance and additive genetic effects in Nile tilapia; influence on growth, fillet yield and body size traits"</a>. <i>Heredity</i>. <b>120</b> (5): 452–462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41437-017-0046-x">10.1038/s41437-017-0046-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-2540">1365-2540</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889400">5889400</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29335620">29335620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=Maternal%2C+dominance+and+additive+genetic+effects+in+Nile+tilapia%3B+influence+on+growth%2C+fillet+yield+and+body+size+traits&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=452-462&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5889400%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1365-2540&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29335620&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41437-017-0046-x&rft.aulast=Gj%C3%B8en&rft.aufirst=H.+M.&rft.au=T.+H.+E.+Meuwissen&rft.au=Woolliams%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Joshi%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5889400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinCravediHillenweckDeshayes2006" class="citation journal cs1">Robin, Joël; Cravedi, Jean-Pierre; Hillenweck, Anne; Deshayes, Cyrille; Vallod, Dominique (2006). "Off flavor characterization and origin in French trout farming". <i>Aquaculture</i>. <b>260</b> (1–4): 128–138. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Aquac.260..128R">2006Aquac.260..128R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2006.05.058">10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Off+flavor+characterization+and+origin+in+French+trout+farming&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=128-138&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2006.05.058&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Aquac.260..128R&rft.aulast=Robin&rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%ABl&rft.au=Cravedi%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft.au=Hillenweck%2C+Anne&rft.au=Deshayes%2C+Cyrille&rft.au=Vallod%2C+Dominique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborneillnesscontaminants/metals/ucm115644.htm">Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990–2010)</a> fda.gov</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/finfish-and-shellfish-products/9244/2">"Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Fish, tilapia, cooked, dry heat"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Fish%2C+tilapia%2C+cooked%2C+dry+heat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Ffinfish-and-shellfish-products%2F9244%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiraWeillSharonLoewenbach2009" class="citation journal cs1">Shapira, N.; Weill, P.; Sharon, O.; Loewenbach, R.; Berzak, O. (March 2009). "<i>n</i>-3 PUFA fortification of high <i>n</i>-6 PUFA farmed tilapia with linseed could significantly increase dietary contribution and support nutritional expectations of fish". <i>J. Agric. Food Chem</i>. <b>57</b> (6): 2249–2254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf8029258">10.1021/jf8029258</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243170">19243170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Agric.+Food+Chem.&rft.atitle=n-3+PUFA+fortification+of+high+n-6+PUFA+farmed+tilapia+with+linseed+could+significantly+increase+dietary+contribution+and+support+nutritional+expectations+of+fish&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2249-2254&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf8029258&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19243170&rft.aulast=Shapira&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Weill%2C+P.&rft.au=Sharon%2C+O.&rft.au=Loewenbach%2C+R.&rft.au=Berzak%2C+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguiarMoraisSantosStevanato2007" class="citation journal cs1">Aguiar, A.C.; Morais, DR; Santos, L.P.; et al. (September 2007). "Effect of flaxseed oil in diet on fatty acid composition in the liver of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)". <i>Arch Latinoam Nutr</i>. <b>57</b> (3): 273–277. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18271406">18271406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arch+Latinoam+Nutr&rft.atitle=Effect+of+flaxseed+oil+in+diet+on+fatty+acid+composition+in+the+liver+of+Nile+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=273-277&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18271406&rft.aulast=Aguiar&rft.aufirst=A.C.&rft.au=Morais%2C+DR&rft.au=Santos%2C+L.P.&rft.au=Stevanato%2C+F.B.&rft.au=Visentainer%2C+J.E.&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+N.E.&rft.au=Visentainer%2C+J.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Espe_et_al._2006-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Espe_et_al._2006_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspeLemmePeteiEl-Mowafi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Espe, Marit; et al. (May 2006). "Can Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) grow on diets devoid of fish meal?". <i>Aquaculture</i>. <b>255</b> (1–4): 255–262. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Aquac.255..255E">2006Aquac.255..255E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2005.12.030">10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.12.030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Can+Atlantic+salmon+%28Salmo+salar%29+grow+on+diets+devoid+of+fish+meal%3F&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=255-262&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2005.12.030&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Aquac.255..255E&rft.aulast=Espe&rft.aufirst=Marit&rft.au=Lemme%2C+Andreas&rft.au=Petei%2C+Alfred&rft.au=El-Mowafi%2C+Adel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross" class="citation web cs1">Cross, John W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921081544/http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/weed_control.htm">"Aquatic Weed Control"</a>. <i>The Charms of Duckweed</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/weed_control.htm">the original</a> on 2012-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Charms+of+Duckweed&rft.atitle=Aquatic+Weed+Control&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2Fjwcross%2Fduckweed%2Fweed_control.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BradfordKroonRussel-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BradfordKroonRussel_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BradfordKroonRussel_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford,_M.,_Kroon,_F._J.,_Russell,_D._J.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bradford, M., Kroon, F. J., Russell, D. J. (2 April 2011). "The biology and management of Tilapia mariae (Pisces: Cichlidae) as a native and invasive species: a review". <i>Marine and Freshwater Research</i>. <b>62</b> (8): 902–917. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FMF10289">10.1071/MF10289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Freshwater+Research&rft.atitle=The+biology+and+management+of+Tilapia+mariae+%28Pisces%3A+Cichlidae%29+as+a+native+and+invasive+species%3A+a+review.&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=902-917&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FMF10289&rft.au=Bradford%2C+M.%2C+Kroon%2C+F.+J.%2C+Russell%2C+D.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinde,_A._R.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Linde, A. R. (2 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230025332">"Invasive tilapia juveniles are associated with degraded river habitats"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_Conservation:_Marine_and_Freshwater_Ecosystems" title="Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems">Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems</a></i>. <b>18</b> (6): 891–895. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ACMFE..18..891L">2008ACMFE..18..891L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Faqc.928">10.1002/aqc.928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Conservation%3A+Marine+and+Freshwater+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Invasive+tilapia+juveniles+are+associated+with+degraded+river+habitats.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=891-895&rft.date=2008-04-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Faqc.928&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008ACMFE..18..891L&rft.au=Linde%2C+A.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F230025332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/brazilian-city-uses-tilapia-fish-skin-treat-burn-victims/">"Why this Brazilian city uses tilapia fish skin to treat burn victims"</a>. PBS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+this+Brazilian+city+uses+tilapia+fish+skin+to+treat+burn+victims&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Frundown%2Fbrazilian-city-uses-tilapia-fish-skin-treat-burn-victims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoraes-FilhoPicolloMirandaRibeiro2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moraes-Filho, Edmar Maciel Lima-Junior; Picollo, Nelson Sarto; Miranda, Marcelo José Borges de; Ribeiro, Wesley Lyeverton Correia; Alves, Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes; Ferreira, Guilherme Emilio; Parente, Ezequiel Aguiar; Odorico, Manoel (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbqueimaduras.org.br/details/341/pt-BR/uso-da-pele-de-tilapia%E2%80%93oreochromis-niloticus%E2%80%94como-curativo-biologico-oclusivo%E2%80%93no-tratamento-de-queimaduras">"Uso da pele de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), como curativo biológico oclusivo, no tratamento de queimaduras"</a> [The use of tilapia skin (Oreochromis niloticus), as an occlusive biological dressing, in the treatment of burn wounds]. <i>Revista Brasileira de Queimaduras</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <b>16</b> (1): 10–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2595-170X">2595-170X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+Queimaduras&rft.atitle=Uso+da+pele+de+til%C3%A1pia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29%2C+como+curativo+biol%C3%B3gico+oclusivo%2C+no+tratamento+de+queimaduras&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10-17&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=2595-170X&rft.aulast=Moraes-Filho&rft.aufirst=Edmar+Maciel+Lima-Junior&rft.au=Picollo%2C+Nelson+Sarto&rft.au=Miranda%2C+Marcelo+Jos%C3%A9+Borges+de&rft.au=Ribeiro%2C+Wesley+Lyeverton+Correia&rft.au=Alves%2C+Ana+Paula+Negreiros+Nunes&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+Guilherme+Emilio&rft.au=Parente%2C+Ezequiel+Aguiar&rft.au=Odorico%2C+Manoel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbqueimaduras.org.br%2Fdetails%2F341%2Fpt-BR%2Fuso-da-pele-de-tilapia%25E2%2580%2593oreochromis-niloticus%25E2%2580%2594como-curativo-biologico-oclusivo%25E2%2580%2593no-tratamento-de-queimaduras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/animalia/wp/2018/01/26/two-bears-were-badly-burned-in-wildfires-and-fish-skin-helped-heal-them/">"Two bears were badly burned in wildfires, and fish skin helped heal them"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Two+bears+were+badly+burned+in+wildfires%2C+and+fish+skin+helped+heal+them&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fanimalia%2Fwp%2F2018%2F01%2F26%2Ftwo-bears-were-badly-burned-in-wildfires-and-fish-skin-helped-heal-them%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/bears-burned-california-wildfires-healed-fish-skins-released-wild/">"Bears Burned in California Wildfires Healed With Fish Skins, Released to Wild"</a>. UC Davis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bears+Burned+in+California+Wildfires+Healed+With+Fish+Skins%2C+Released+to+Wild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucdavis.edu%2Fnews%2Fbears-burned-california-wildfires-healed-fish-skins-released-wild%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/wildfires-bear-treated-fish-skins-firefighters-return">"WILDFIRES: Bear Treated With Fish Skins; Firefighters Return"</a>. UC Davis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=WILDFIRES%3A+Bear+Treated+With+Fish+Skins%3B+Firefighters+Return&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucdavis.edu%2Fnews%2Fwildfires-bear-treated-fish-skins-firefighters-return&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burn-P3-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burn-P3_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burn-P3_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLima_Júniorde_Moraes_FilhoCostaFechine2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lima Júnior, EM; de Moraes Filho, MO; Costa, BA; Fechine, FV; Vale, ML; Diógenes, AKL; Neves, KRT; Uchôa, AMDN; Soares, MFADN; de Moraes, MEA (1 May 2021). "Nile Tilapia Fish Skin-Based Wound Dressing Improves Pain and Treatment-Related Costs of Superficial Partial-Thickness Burns: A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial". <i>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</i>. <b>147</b> (5): 1189–1198. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FPRS.0000000000007895">10.1097/PRS.0000000000007895</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33890902">33890902</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233371603">233371603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plastic+and+Reconstructive+Surgery&rft.atitle=Nile+Tilapia+Fish+Skin-Based+Wound+Dressing+Improves+Pain+and+Treatment-Related+Costs+of+Superficial+Partial-Thickness+Burns%3A+A+Phase+III+Randomized+Controlled+Trial.&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1189-1198&rft.date=2021-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233371603%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33890902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FPRS.0000000000007895&rft.aulast=Lima+J%C3%BAnior&rft.aufirst=EM&rft.au=de+Moraes+Filho%2C+MO&rft.au=Costa%2C+BA&rft.au=Fechine%2C+FV&rft.au=Vale%2C+ML&rft.au=Di%C3%B3genes%2C+AKL&rft.au=Neves%2C+KRT&rft.au=Uch%C3%B4a%2C+AMDN&rft.au=Soares%2C+MFADN&rft.au=de+Moraes%2C+MEA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto_Medeiros_DiasLima_JúniorNegreiros_Nunes_AlvesMonteiro_Bilhar2019" class="citation journal cs1">Pinto Medeiros Dias, M. T.; Lima Júnior, E. M.; Negreiros Nunes Alves, A. P.; Monteiro Bilhar, A. P.; Rios, L. C.; Costa, B. A.; Rocha Matos, E. S.; Venancio, A. C.; Bruno, Z. V.; Odorico de Moraes Filho M; Pinheiro Sobreira Bezerra, L. R. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2019.04.003">"Tilapia fish skin as a new biologic graft for neovaginoplasty in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: A video case report"</a>. <i>Fertility and Sterility</i>. <b>112</b> (1): 174–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2019.04.003">10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.04.003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31103284">31103284</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159039703">159039703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fertility+and+Sterility&rft.atitle=Tilapia+fish+skin+as+a+new+biologic+graft+for+neovaginoplasty+in+Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser+syndrome%3A+A+video+case+report&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=174-176&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159039703%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31103284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2019.04.003&rft.aulast=Pinto+Medeiros+Dias&rft.aufirst=M.+T.&rft.au=Lima+J%C3%BAnior%2C+E.+M.&rft.au=Negreiros+Nunes+Alves%2C+A.+P.&rft.au=Monteiro+Bilhar%2C+A.+P.&rft.au=Rios%2C+L.+C.&rft.au=Costa%2C+B.+A.&rft.au=Rocha+Matos%2C+E.+S.&rft.au=Venancio%2C+A.+C.&rft.au=Bruno%2C+Z.+V.&rft.au=Odorico+de+Moraes+Filho+M&rft.au=Pinheiro+Sobreira+Bezerra%2C+L.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.fertnstert.2019.04.003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLima_JúniorDe_Moraes_FilhoCostaBruno2020" class="citation journal cs1">Lima Júnior, E. M.; De Moraes Filho, M. O.; Costa, B. A.; Bruno, Z. V.; Filho MPM; Amaral De Moraes, M. E.; Rodrigues FAR; Paier CRK; Bezerra LRPS (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmig.2020.02.017">"Male-to-Female Gender-Affirming Surgery Using Nile Tilapia Fish Skin as a Biocompatible Graft"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Minimally_Invasive_Gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology">Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology</a></i>. <b>27</b> (7): 1474–1475. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmig.2020.02.017">10.1016/j.jmig.2020.02.017</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32142893">32142893</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:212622119">212622119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Minimally+Invasive+Gynecology&rft.atitle=Male-to-Female+Gender-Affirming+Surgery+Using+Nile+Tilapia+Fish+Skin+as+a+Biocompatible+Graft&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1474-1475&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A212622119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32142893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jmig.2020.02.017&rft.aulast=Lima+J%C3%BAnior&rft.aufirst=E.+M.&rft.au=De+Moraes+Filho%2C+M.+O.&rft.au=Costa%2C+B.+A.&rft.au=Bruno%2C+Z.+V.&rft.au=Filho+MPM&rft.au=Amaral+De+Moraes%2C+M.+E.&rft.au=Rodrigues+FAR&rft.au=Paier+CRK&rft.au=Bezerra+LRPS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jmig.2020.02.017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLima-Juniorde_Moraes_FilhoCostaFechine2019" class="citation journal cs1">Lima-Junior, EM; de Moraes Filho, MO; Costa, BA; Fechine, FV; de Moraes, MEA; Silva-Junior, FR; Soares, MFADN; Rocha, MBS; Leontsinis, CMP (June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6565829">"Innovative treatment using tilapia skin as a xenograft for partial thickness burns after a gunpowder explosion"</a>. <i>Journal of Surgical Case Reports</i>. <b>2019</b> (6): rjz181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjscr%2Frjz181">10.1093/jscr/rjz181</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6565829">6565829</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31214319">31214319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Surgical+Case+Reports&rft.atitle=Innovative+treatment+using+tilapia+skin+as+a+xenograft+for+partial+thickness+burns+after+a+gunpowder+explosion.&rft.volume=2019&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=rjz181&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6565829%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31214319&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjscr%2Frjz181&rft.aulast=Lima-Junior&rft.aufirst=EM&rft.au=de+Moraes+Filho%2C+MO&rft.au=Costa%2C+BA&rft.au=Fechine%2C+FV&rft.au=de+Moraes%2C+MEA&rft.au=Silva-Junior%2C+FR&rft.au=Soares%2C+MFADN&rft.au=Rocha%2C+MBS&rft.au=Leontsinis%2C+CMP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6565829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostaLima_Júniorde_Moraes_FilhoFechine2019" class="citation journal cs1">Costa, Bruno Almeida; Lima Júnior, Edmar Maciel; de Moraes Filho, Manoel Odorico; Fechine, Francisco Vagnaldo; de Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral; Silva Júnior, Francisco Raimundo; do Nascimento Soares, Maria Flaviane Araújo; Rocha, Marina Becker Sales (14 August 2019). "Use of Tilapia Skin as a Xenograft for Pediatric Burn Treatment: A Case Report". <i>Journal of Burn Care & Research</i>. <b>40</b> (5): 714–717. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjbcr%2Firz085">10.1093/jbcr/irz085</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31112268">31112268</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Burn+Care+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Use+of+Tilapia+Skin+as+a+Xenograft+for+Pediatric+Burn+Treatment%3A+A+Case+Report&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=714-717&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjbcr%2Firz085&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31112268&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=Bruno+Almeida&rft.au=Lima+J%C3%BAnior%2C+Edmar+Maciel&rft.au=de+Moraes+Filho%2C+Manoel+Odorico&rft.au=Fechine%2C+Francisco+Vagnaldo&rft.au=de+Moraes%2C+Maria+Elisabete+Amaral&rft.au=Silva+J%C3%BAnior%2C+Francisco+Raimundo&rft.au=do+Nascimento+Soares%2C+Maria+Flaviane+Ara%C3%BAjo&rft.au=Rocha%2C+Marina+Becker+Sales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZhangZhi2019-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZhangZhi2019_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangZhiXuZheng2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Shuai; Zhi, Tingting; Xu, Xiangli; Zheng, Yingying; Bilong Bilong, Charles Félix; Pariselle, Antoine; Yang, Tingbao (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361074">"Monogenean fauna of alien tilapias (Cichlidae) in south China"</a>. <i>Parasite</i>. <b>26</b>: 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fparasite%2F2019003">10.1051/parasite/2019003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1776-1042">1776-1042</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361074">6361074</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30714897">30714897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasite&rft.atitle=Monogenean+fauna+of+alien+tilapias+%28Cichlidae%29+in+south+China&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6361074%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1776-1042&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30714897&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2Fparasite%2F2019003&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Shuai&rft.au=Zhi%2C+Tingting&rft.au=Xu%2C+Xiangli&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Yingying&rft.au=Bilong+Bilong%2C+Charles+F%C3%A9lix&rft.au=Pariselle%2C+Antoine&rft.au=Yang%2C+Tingbao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6361074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoganAlterHauptTomalty2008" class="citation journal cs1">Logan, Cheryl A.; Alter, S. Elizabeth; Haupt, Alison J.; Tomalty, Katharine; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Palumbi" title="Stephen Palumbi">Palumbi, Stephen R.</a> (2008). "An impediment to consumer choice: Overfished species are sold as Pacific red snapper". <i>Biological Conservation</i>. <b>141</b> (6): 1591–1599. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008BCons.141.1591L">2008BCons.141.1591L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2008.04.007">10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3207">0006-3207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=An+impediment+to+consumer+choice%3A+Overfished+species+are+sold+as+Pacific+red+snapper&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1591-1599&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0006-3207&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2008.04.007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008BCons.141.1591L&rft.aulast=Logan&rft.aufirst=Cheryl+A.&rft.au=Alter%2C+S.+Elizabeth&rft.au=Haupt%2C+Alison+J.&rft.au=Tomalty%2C+Katharine&rft.au=Palumbi%2C+Stephen+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFAO_Fishery_Information,_DataStatistics_Service1993" class="citation journal cs1">FAO Fishery Information, Data & Statistics Service (1993). "Aquaculture production (1985–1991)". <i>FAO Fisheries Circular</i>. <b>815</b>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> of the United Nations: 20–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAO+Fisheries+Circular&rft.atitle=Aquaculture+production+%281985%E2%80%931991%29&rft.volume=815&rft.pages=20-21&rft.date=1993&rft.au=FAO+Fishery+Information%2C+Data&rft.au=Statistics+Service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrewavas1983" class="citation book cs1">Trewavas, Ethelwynn (1983). <i>Tilapiine fish of the genera </i>Sarotherodon<i>, </i>Oreochromis<i> and </i>Danakilia<i><span></span></i>. London: British Museum (Natural History). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-565-00878-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-565-00878-1"><bdi>0-565-00878-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tilapiine+fish+of+the+genera+Sarotherodon%2C+Oreochromis+and+Danakilia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum+%28Natural+History%29&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-565-00878-1&rft.aulast=Trewavas&rft.aufirst=Ethelwynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCraryCastroMcKaye2005" class="citation web cs1">McCrary, Jeffrey K; Castro, Mark; McKaye, Kenneth R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003195646/http://www.gaianicaragua.org/fish/Env%20Poll%202006.pdf">"Mercury in Fish From Two Nicaraguan Lakes: A Recommendation for Increased Monitoring of Fish for International Commerce"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Environmental Pollution</i>. pp. 513–518. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaianicaragua.org/fish/Env%20Poll%202006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Mercury+in+Fish+From+Two+Nicaraguan+Lakes%3A+A+Recommendation+for+Increased+Monitoring+of+Fish+for+International+Commerce&rft.pages=513-518&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=McCrary&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+K&rft.au=Castro%2C+Mark&rft.au=McKaye%2C+Kenneth+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaianicaragua.org%2Ffish%2FEnv%2520Poll%25202006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATilapia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tilapia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tilapia">Tilapia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tilapia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tilapia" title="Template:Tilapia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tilapia" title="Template talk:Tilapia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tilapia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tilapia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tilapia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tilapia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tilapiine_cichlid" title="Tilapiine cichlid">Tilapiini tribe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oreochromis" title="Oreochromis">Oreochromis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia_(genus)" title="Tilapia (genus)">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarotherodon" title="Sarotherodon">Sarotherodon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChromisNiloticus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nile tilapia"><img alt="Nile tilapia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/ChromisNiloticus.jpg/140px-ChromisNiloticus.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/ChromisNiloticus.jpg/210px-ChromisNiloticus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/ChromisNiloticus.jpg/280px-ChromisNiloticus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="594" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Some species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Tilapia" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Tilapia">Blue Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_tilapia" title="Spotted tilapia">Spotted tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreochromis_placidus" title="Oreochromis placidus">Black tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nile_tilapia" title="Nile tilapia">Nile tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_tilapia" title="Mozambique tilapia">Mozambique tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Aquaculture of tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia_as_exotic_species" title="Tilapia as exotic species">Tilapia as exotic species</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template talk:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Principal commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a> species groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Large pelagic fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna" title="Atlantic bluefin tuna">Atlantic bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_bluefin_tuna" title="Pacific bluefin tuna">Pacific bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">Menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">Sprat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_cod" title="Pacific cod">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">Rockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillaginidae" title="Sillaginidae">Smelt-whitings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothfish">Toothfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">Other wild fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">Prawns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_crustaceans" title="Category:Commercial crustaceans">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">Molluscs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_molluscs" title="Category:Commercial molluscs">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinoderms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_echinoderms" title="Category:Commercial echinoderms">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic cod"><img alt="Atlantic cod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/140px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/210px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/280px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobster"><img alt="Lobster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacific oysters"><img alt="Pacific oysters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/80px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/120px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/160px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Farmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">crucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">silver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">Gilt-head bream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">salmon trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">Commercial species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fishing topics by subject">Fishing topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries glossary">Fisheries glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seafood" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seafood" title="Template:Seafood"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seafood" title="Template talk:Seafood"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seafood" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seafood"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seafood" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barramundi#As_food" title="Barramundi">Barramundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billfish#As_food" title="Billfish">Billfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfish#Catfish_as_food" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish#As_food" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder#As_food" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon#Uses" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish#As_food" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#As_food">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout#Trout_as_food" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Food" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Consumption" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)#In_cuisine_and_culture" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conch#Culinary_use" title="Conch">Conch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoduck#Culinary_uses" title="Geoduck">Geoduck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill#Human_consumption" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster#As_food" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#As_food" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster#As_food" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Prawn/Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#As_food" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_crustaceans" title="Category:Edible crustaceans">Crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_molluscs" title="Category:Edible molluscs">Molluscs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other seafood</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food" title="Jellyfish as food">Jellyfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_mammals_as_food" title="Marine mammals as food">Marine mammals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_seaweed" title="Edible seaweed">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_algae" title="Category:Edible algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_seafood" title="List of types of seafood">List of seafoods</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Seafood" title="Category:Seafood">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processed<br />seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_fish" title="Dried fish">Dried fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_fish" title="Canned fish">Canned fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cured_fish" title="Cured fish">Cured fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_fish" title="Fermented fish">Fermented fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_fillet" title="Fish fillet">Fish fillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_head" title="Fish head">Fish head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Fish oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste" title="Fish paste">Fish paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_steak" title="Fish steak">Fish steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stock_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish stock (food)">Fish stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutefisk" title="Lutefisk">Lutefisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_fish" title="Salted fish">Salted fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_squid" title="Salted squid">Salted squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_liver_oil" title="Shark liver oil">Shark liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">Shrimp paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_fish" title="Smoked fish">Smoked fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish" title="Stockfish">Stockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">Surimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_processing" title="Category:Fish processing">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seafood_dishes" title="Seafood dishes">Seafood dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">List of seafood dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crab_dishes" title="List of crab dishes">List of crab dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">List of fish dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_raw_fish_dishes" title="List of raw fish dishes">List of raw fish dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tuna_dishes" title="List of tuna dishes">List of tuna dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisque_(food)" title="Bisque (food)">Bisque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowder" title="Chowder">Chowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pie" title="Fish pie">Fish pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_soup" title="Fish soup">Fish soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_fish" title="Fried fish">Fried fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_boil" title="Seafood boil">Seafood boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_fin_soup" title="Shark fin soup">Shark fin soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">Sushi</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Seafood_dishes" title="Category:Seafood dishes">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health hazards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciguatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciguatera">Ciguatera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">Mercury in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metagonimiasis" title="Metagonimiasis">Metagonimiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scombroid_food_poisoning" title="Scombroid food poisoning">Scombroid food poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellfish_poisoning" title="Shellfish poisoning">Shellfish poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_mislabelling" title="Seafood mislabelling">Seafood mislabelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_seafood" title="Sustainable seafood">Sustainable seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_seafood_advisory_lists_and_certification" title="Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification">Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal welfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declawing_of_crabs" title="Declawing of crabs">Declawing of crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyestalk_ablation" title="Eyestalk ablation">Eyestalk ablation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_live_seafood" title="Eating live seafood">Eating live seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_fish_trade" title="Live fish trade">Live fish trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_fish" title="Pain in fish">Pain in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans" title="Pain in crustaceans">Pain in crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_finning" title="Shark finning">Shark finning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_preservation" title="Fish preservation">Fish preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Fish processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sushi" title="History of sushi">History of sushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_companies" title="List of seafood companies">List of seafood companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_bar" title="Raw bar">Raw bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_cannery" title="Salmon cannery">Salmon cannery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_restaurant" title="Seafood restaurant">Seafood restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Seafood" title="Category:Seafood">Category: Seafood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meat" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meat" title="Template:Meat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meat" title="Template talk:Meat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">Cassowary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cockerel_as_food&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cockerel as food (page does not exist)">Rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_as_food" title="Duck as food">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">Emu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_as_food" title="Goose as food">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squab" title="Squab">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_as_food" title="Quail as food">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FoodMeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Food meat"><img alt="Food meat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/100px-FoodMeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/150px-FoodMeat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/200px-FoodMeat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Platter of seafood"><img alt="Platter of seafood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/100px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/150px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/200px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2029" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefalo" title="Beefalo">Beefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel meat">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_meat" title="Donkey meat">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">Snails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_meat" title="Horse meat">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84" title="Żubroń">Żubroń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_meat" title="Alligator meat">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_as_food" title="Bat as food">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodile meat">Crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_meat" title="Elephant meat">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox#As_food" title="Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguana_meat" title="Iguana meat">Iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_meat" title="Monkey meat">Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse#As_food" title="Mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolin_trade" title="Pangolin trade">Pangolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_meat" title="Rat meat">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing" title="Rabbit">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake#Consumption" title="Snake">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">Venison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">Basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crappie" title="Crappie">Crappie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">Grouper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_mackerel" title="King mackerel">Kingfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi-mahi" title="Mahi-mahi">Mahi Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Pacific saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">Sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescent_shark" title="Iridescent shark">Swai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna as food">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">Walleye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Calamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster as food">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Shrimp/prawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_eggs" title="Ant eggs">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetia_illucens" title="Hermetia illucens">Black soldier fly maggots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Crickets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_flour" title="Cricket flour">Flour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">Grasshoppers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">Mealworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal_worm" title="Mezcal worm">Mezcal worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Silkworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina" title="Gonimbrasia belina">Mopane worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus" title="Rhynchophorus">Palm grub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuts and<br />preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_hanging" title="Meat hanging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">Braised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">Chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confit#Meat_confit" title="Confit">Confit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlet" title="Cutlet">Cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_pukht" title="Dum pukht">Dum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_meat" title="Fermented meat">Fermented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillet_(cut)" title="Fillet (cut)">Fillet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Supreme_(cooking)" title="Supreme (cooking)">supreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcemeat" title="Forcemeat">Forcemeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretons" title="Cretons">Cretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">Pâté</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Frozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">Jerky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_(food)" title="Kidney (food)">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">Liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">Luncheon meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Meatloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_meat" title="Potted meat">Potted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rillettes" title="Rillettes">Rillettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)#Meat" title="Salting (food)">Salt-cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew#Types_of_stew" title="Stew">Stewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Tartare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_dishes" title="List of meat dishes">Meat dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chicken_dishes" title="List of chicken dishes">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goat_dishes" title="List of goat dishes">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lamb_dishes" title="List of lamb dishes">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pork_dishes" title="List of pork dishes">Pork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes" title="List of ham dishes">Ham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes" title="List of veal dishes">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">Steaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meatball_dishes" title="List of meatball dishes">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">Smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes" title="List of sausage dishes">Sausage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption" title="List of countries by meat consumption">Countries by meat consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Countries by meat production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Food and drink prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">Meat substitutes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics and<br />psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat" title="Psychology of eating meat">Psychology of eating meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox" title="Psychology of eating meat">Meat paradox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Semi-vegetarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_science" title="Meat science">Meat science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">Beef hormone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip loss">Drip loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio" title="Feed conversion ratio">Feed conversion ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_tenderness" title="Meat tenderness">Tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_water_holding_capacity" title="Meat water holding capacity">Water holding capacity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_broker" title="Meat broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_house_(building)" title="Branch house (building)">Branch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_cutter" title="Meat cutter">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture" title="Environmental impacts of animal agriculture">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Factory farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_jobber" title="Meat jobber">Jobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-packing_industry" title="Meat-packing industry">Packing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Slaughter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophagy" title="Arachnophagy">Arachnophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_diaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat diaper">Meat diaper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans" title="Entomophagy in humans">Entomophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_meat" title="Marbled meat">Marbled</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_marbling" title="Artificial marbling">Artificial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat" title="Mystery meat">Mystery meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India" title="Non-vegetarian food in India">Non-vegetarian food in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slime" title="Pink slime">Pink slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_meat" title="Raw meat">Raw meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">Red meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_cuisine" title="Roadkill cuisine">Roadkill cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor" title="Warmed-over flavor">Warmed-over flavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_meat" title="White meat">White meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meat" title="Category:Meat">Category: Meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47793#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576381">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&oldid=1259082514">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&oldid=1259082514</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tilapia" title="Category:Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">Commercial fish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_common_names" title="Category:Fish common names">Fish common names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_cuisine" title="Category:Filipino cuisine">Filipino cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Fish of the Philippines">Fish of the Philippines</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cite_IUCN_without_doi" title="Category:Cite IUCN without doi">Cite IUCN without doi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Brazilian_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt-br)" title="Category:CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br)">CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_September_2012" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from September 2012">Articles with failed verification from September 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_September_2012" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from September 2012">Articles lacking reliable references from September 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_the_pagename" title="Category:Commons category link is the pagename">Commons category link is the pagename</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 07:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tilapia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-s7r2r","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.148","walltime":"1.408","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6499,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":258737,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3115,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":316229,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1153.557 1 -total"," 46.48% 536.175 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.38% 235.131 22 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.10% 93.442 23 Template:Cite_web"," 8.06% 93.008 1 Template:Common_fish"," 7.89% 90.962 1 Template:Sidebar"," 7.02% 80.944 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.80% 78.496 1 Template:Sister_project"," 6.80% 78.414 6 Template:Navbox"," 6.28% 72.421 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.688","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10590051,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-vqkvc","timestamp":"20241123152540","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tilapia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tilapia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q47793","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q47793","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-21T17:20:54Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T07:14:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Oreochromis-niloticus-Nairobi.JPG","headline":"common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the tilapiine cichlid tribe"}</script> </body> </html>