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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Darwinian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Darwinian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Pre-Darwinian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Darwinian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Darwinian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Darwinian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Post-Darwinian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Darwinian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogenetic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogenetic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Phylogenetic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogenetic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Subdivision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Genera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_and_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_and_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultivation and uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_and_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symposia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symposia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Symposia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symposia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_and_theses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_and_theses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Articles and theses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_and_theses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-APG_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APG_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>APG system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APG_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Pharmacology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Databases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Databases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Databases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Databases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="نرجسية (نبات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نرجسية (نبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99rgiz%C3%A7i%C3%A7%C9%99yikimil%C9%99r" title="Nərgizçiçəyikimilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nərgizçiçəyikimilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Амарылісавыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амарылісавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Амарылісавыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амарылісавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Кокичеви – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кокичеви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaril%C2%B7lid%C3%A0cies" title="Amaril·lidàcies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amaril·lidàcies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Амариллис йышшисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Амариллис йышшисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarylkovit%C3%A9" title="Amarylkovité – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amarylkovité" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5skelilje-familien" title="Påskelilje-familien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Påskelilje-familien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllisgew%C3%A4chse" title="Amaryllisgewächse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amaryllisgewächse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar%C3%BCllilised" title="Amarüllilised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amarüllilised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE" title="Αμαρυλλιδοειδή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμαρυλλιδοειδή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarilidacoj" title="Amarilidacoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amarilidacoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نرگسیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نرگسیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%84%A0%ED%99%94%EA%B3%BC" title="수선화과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수선화과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Շքանարգիզազգիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շքանարգիզազգիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="सुदर्शन कुल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुदर्शन कुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarylisowe_rostliny" title="Amarylisowe rostliny – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Amarylisowe rostliny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvanikovke" title="Zvanikovke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zvanikovke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Амариллисонтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Амариллисонтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נרקיסיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נרקיסיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF" title="ಅಗೇವಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಗೇವಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ამარილისისებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამარილისისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Амариллистер тұқымдасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Амариллистер тұқымдасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amari%C4%BC%C4%BCu_dzimta" title="Amariļļu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amariļļu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amariliniai" title="Amariliniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amariliniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarilliszf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Amarilliszfélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amarilliszfélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Кокичиња – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кокичиња" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="അമരില്ലിഡേസി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമരില്ലിഡേസി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الفصيلة النرجسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفصيلة النرجسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcisfamilie" title="Narcisfamilie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Narcisfamilie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%8A%E7%A7%91" title="ヒガンバナ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒガンバナ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllisplaanten" title="Amaryllisplaanten – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Amaryllisplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5skeliljefamilien" title="Påskeliljefamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Påskeliljefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5skeliljefamilien" title="Påskeliljefamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Påskeliljefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B3_%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="نرگس ٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نرگس ٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarylkowate" title="Amarylkowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amarylkowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamanq%27ay_yura_rikch%27aq_ayllu" title="Hamanq'ay yura rikch'aq ayllu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hamanq'ay yura rikch'aq ayllu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Амариллисовые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амариллисовые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarylkovit%C3%A9" title="Amarylkovité – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amarylkovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narsissikasvit" title="Narsissikasvit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Narsissikasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllisv%C3%A4xter" title="Amaryllisväxter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amaryllisväxter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87" title="அமாரில்லிடேசியே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமாரில்லிடேசியே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87" title="วงศ์พลับพลึง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์พลับพลึง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Амарилісові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амарилісові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Loa_k%C3%A8n_%C4%91%E1%BB%8F" title="Họ Loa kèn đỏ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Loa kèn đỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaslelieachtign" title="Poaslelieachtign – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Poaslelieachtign" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amaryllidaceae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%92%9C%E7%A7%91" title="石蒜科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石蒜科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%92%9C%E7%A7%91" title="石蒜科 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石蒜科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%92%9C%E7%A7%91" title="石蒜科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石蒜科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q155848#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Amaryllidaceae" rel="discussion" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of flowering plants</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Amaryllidaceae </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaryllis_belladonna_sfbg_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Amaryllis_belladonna_sfbg_2.jpg/220px-Amaryllis_belladonna_sfbg_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Amaryllis_belladonna_sfbg_2.jpg/330px-Amaryllis_belladonna_sfbg_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Amaryllis_belladonna_sfbg_2.jpg/440px-Amaryllis_belladonna_sfbg_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1027" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis_belladonna" title="Amaryllis belladonna">Amaryllis belladonna</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Amaryllidaceae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amaryllidaceae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Jean_Henri_Jaume_Saint-Hilaire" title="Jean Henri Jaume Saint-Hilaire">J.St.-Hil.</a> <i>nom. cons.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsarchiveorgdetailsexpositiondesfa00saingoogpagen293_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsarchiveorgdetailsexpositiondesfa00saingoogpagen293_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">Type genus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis" title="Amaryllis">Amaryllis</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Subfamilies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Alliaceae</i> Borkh. </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>Amaryllidaceae</b> are a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">bulbous</a> (rarely <a href="/wiki/Rhizomatous" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhizomatous">rhizomatous</a>) <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Monocot" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocot">monocot</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a>. The family takes its name from the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis" title="Amaryllis">Amaryllis</a></i> and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in <a href="/wiki/Umbels" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbels">umbels</a> on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as <a href="/wiki/Tepals" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepals">tepals</a>, which may be fused at the base into a <a href="/wiki/Floral_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral tube">floral tube</a>. Some also display a <a href="/wiki/Perianth#Corona" title="Perianth">corona</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diallyl_disulfide" title="Diallyl disulfide">Allyl sulfide</a> compounds produce the characteristic odour of the <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a> subfamily (Allioideae). </p><p>The family, which was originally created in 1805, now contains about 1600 species, divided into 71 genera,<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_30000959-2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_30000959-2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Christenhusz-Byng2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christenhusz-Byng2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17 tribes and three subfamilies, the <a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus" title="Agapanthus">Agapanthus</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Onions" class="mw-redirect" title="Onions">onions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">chives</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hippeastrum" title="Hippeastrum">amaryllis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">daffodils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowdrops" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowdrops">snowdrops</a>). Over time, it has seen much reorganisation and at various times was combined with the related <a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a>. Since 2009, a very broad view has prevailed based on <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">phylogenetics</a>, and including a number of other former families. </p><p>The family is found in <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> to <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> areas of the world and includes many <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_garden_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamental garden plants">ornamental garden plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amarilid%C3%A1ceas_Diversidad_General_para_la_flor.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Amarilid%C3%A1ceas_Diversidad_General_para_la_flor.png/220px-Amarilid%C3%A1ceas_Diversidad_General_para_la_flor.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Amarilid%C3%A1ceas_Diversidad_General_para_la_flor.png/330px-Amarilid%C3%A1ceas_Diversidad_General_para_la_flor.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Amarilid%C3%A1ceas_Diversidad_General_para_la_flor.png/440px-Amarilid%C3%A1ceas_Diversidad_General_para_la_flor.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption> Floral diversity in Amaryllidaceae. A: <i><a href="/wiki/Crinum" title="Crinum">Crinum</a></i>, B: <i><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">Narcissus</a></i>, C: <i><a href="/wiki/Sprekelia" title="Sprekelia">Sprekelia</a></i>, D: <i>Agapanthus</i>, E: <i><a href="/wiki/Allium" title="Allium">Allium</a></i>, F: <i><a href="/wiki/Tristagma" title="Tristagma">Tristagma</a></i></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Vegetative</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shallots-Whole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Shallots-Whole.jpg/130px-Shallots-Whole.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Shallots-Whole.jpg/195px-Shallots-Whole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Shallots-Whole.jpg/260px-Shallots-Whole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="1760" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Allium_cepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Allium cepa">Allium cepa</a></i> <b><a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">bulbs</a></b> with <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agapathusrhizome.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Agapathusrhizome.JPG/130px-Agapathusrhizome.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Agapathusrhizome.JPG/195px-Agapathusrhizome.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Agapathusrhizome.JPG/260px-Agapathusrhizome.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="424" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a></b> of <i>Agapanthus</i></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Untere_Narzissensprossachsel_beim_Entfalten.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Untere_Narzissensprossachsel_beim_Entfalten.JPG/130px-Untere_Narzissensprossachsel_beim_Entfalten.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Untere_Narzissensprossachsel_beim_Entfalten.JPG/195px-Untere_Narzissensprossachsel_beim_Entfalten.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Untere_Narzissensprossachsel_beim_Entfalten.JPG/260px-Untere_Narzissensprossachsel_beim_Entfalten.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">Narcissus</a></i> <b><a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoots</a></b> emerging, with sheathed <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agapanthus_africanus_leaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Agapanthus_africanus_leaves.jpg/130px-Agapanthus_africanus_leaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Agapanthus_africanus_leaves.jpg/195px-Agapanthus_africanus_leaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Agapanthus_africanus_leaves.jpg/260px-Agapanthus_africanus_leaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="839" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Flower and <b><a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a></b> of <i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus_africanus" title="Agapanthus africanus">Agapanthus africanus</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Floral morphology</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG/130px-Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG/195px-Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG/260px-Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b><a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">Umbel</a></b> of <i><a href="/wiki/Allium_aflatunense" title="Allium aflatunense">Allium aflatunense</a></i></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sternbergia_lutea_showing_the_different_parts_of_the_flower.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sternbergia_lutea_showing_the_different_parts_of_the_flower.JPG/130px-Sternbergia_lutea_showing_the_different_parts_of_the_flower.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sternbergia_lutea_showing_the_different_parts_of_the_flower.JPG/195px-Sternbergia_lutea_showing_the_different_parts_of_the_flower.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sternbergia_lutea_showing_the_different_parts_of_the_flower.JPG/260px-Sternbergia_lutea_showing_the_different_parts_of_the_flower.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Organization of an Amaryllidaceae flower (<i><a href="/wiki/Sternbergia_lutea" title="Sternbergia lutea">Sternbergia lutea</a></i>) with the six non-differentiated tepals and the six stamens</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crinum_moorei_(1561072583).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Crinum_moorei_%281561072583%29.jpg/130px-Crinum_moorei_%281561072583%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Crinum_moorei_%281561072583%29.jpg/195px-Crinum_moorei_%281561072583%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Crinum_moorei_%281561072583%29.jpg/260px-Crinum_moorei_%281561072583%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Crinum_moorei" title="Crinum moorei">Crinum moorei</a></i>, showing radial symmetry</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Amaryllidaceae are mainly terrestrial (rarely aquatic) <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> that are <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a> or <a href="/wiki/Succulent" class="mw-redirect" title="Succulent">succulent</a> <a href="/wiki/Geophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geophytes">geophytes</a> (occasionally <a href="/wiki/Epiphytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphytes">epiphytes</a>) that are <a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a>, with the exception of four species. Most genera grow from <a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">bulbs</a>, but a few such as <i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus" title="Agapanthus">Agapanthus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Clivia" title="Clivia">Clivia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Scadoxus" title="Scadoxus">Scadoxus</a></i> develop from <a href="/wiki/Rhizomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhizomes">rhizomes</a> (underground stems).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitri1987_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitri1987-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are simple rather fleshy and two-ranked with parallel veins. <a href="/wiki/Leaf_shape" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf shape">Leaf shape</a> may be linear, strap like, oblong, elliptic, lanceolate (lance shaped) or filiform (threadlike). The leaves which are either grouped at the base or arranged alternatively on the stem may be <a href="/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" title="Sessility (botany)">sessile</a> or <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiolate</a> and possess a <a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">meristem</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermaphroditic">hermaphroditic</a> (bisexual), are <a href="/wiki/Actinomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinomorphic">actinomorphic</a> (radially symmetrical), rarely zygomorphic, <a href="/wiki/Pedicellate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedicellate">pedicellate</a> or sessile, and are typically arranged in <a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">umbels</a> at the apex of leafless flowering stems, or <a href="/wiki/Scape_(botany)" title="Scape (botany)">scapes</a> and associated with a filiform (thread-like) <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bract</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">perianth</a> (perigonium) consists of six undifferentiated <a href="/wiki/Tepals" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepals">tepals</a> arranged in two <a href="/wiki/Whorl_(botany)" title="Whorl (botany)">whorls</a> of three. The tepals are similar in shape and size, and may be free from each other or fused at the base (connate) to form a <a href="/wiki/Floral_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral tube">floral tube</a> (hypanthium). In some genera, such as <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">Narcissus</a>, this may be surmounted by cup or trumpet-shaped projection, the <a href="/wiki/Perianth#Corona" title="Perianth">corona</a> (paraperigonium or false <a href="/wiki/Petal#Corolla" title="Petal">corolla</a>). This may be reduced to a mere disc in some species. </p><p>The position of the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a> varies by subfamily. The subfamilies <a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a> have superior ovaries, while the <a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a> have inferior ovaries. The six <a href="/wiki/Stamens" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamens">stamens</a> are arranged in two whorls of three, occasionally more as in <i><a href="/wiki/Gethyllis" title="Gethyllis">Gethyllis</a></i> (Amaryllidoideae, 9–18). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is dry and <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capsule (botany)">capsule</a>-shaped, or fleshy and <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">berry</a>-like. </p><p>The Allioideae produce <a href="/wiki/Diallyl_disulfide" title="Diallyl disulfide">allyl sulfide</a> compounds which give them their characteristic smell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGary2001_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGary2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERossi1990_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERossi1990-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Taxonomy_of_Amaryllidaceae"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> of Amaryllidaceae subfamilies</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agapant_Afrikanus_(tweaked_image).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Agapant_Afrikanus_%28tweaked_image%29.jpg/130px-Agapant_Afrikanus_%28tweaked_image%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Agapant_Afrikanus_%28tweaked_image%29.jpg/195px-Agapant_Afrikanus_%28tweaked_image%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Agapant_Afrikanus_%28tweaked_image%29.jpg/260px-Agapant_Afrikanus_%28tweaked_image%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1136" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus_africanus" title="Agapanthus africanus">Agapanthus africanus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a>)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garlic_flower_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Garlic_flower_head.jpg/130px-Garlic_flower_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Garlic_flower_head.jpg/195px-Garlic_flower_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Garlic_flower_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Allium_sativum" class="mw-redirect" title="Allium sativum">Allium sativum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a>)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaryllis_belladonna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amaryllis_belladonna.jpg/130px-Amaryllis_belladonna.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amaryllis_belladonna.jpg/195px-Amaryllis_belladonna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amaryllis_belladonna.jpg/260px-Amaryllis_belladonna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis_belladonna" title="Amaryllis belladonna">Amaryllis belladonna</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-Darwinian">Pre-Darwinian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-Darwinian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> described the <a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">type genus</a> <i>Amaryllis</i>, from which the family derives its name, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i> in 1753,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem13829page304mode1up_Amaryllis_I_pp.&nbsp;292–293]_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem13829page304mode1up_Amaryllis_I_pp.&nbsp;292–293]-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with nine species, in the <i>Hexandria monogynia</i> (i.e. six <a href="/wiki/Stamens" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamens">stamens</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Pistil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistil">pistil</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus_Sexual_System2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus_Sexual_System2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> containing 51 genera in total<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem13829page297mode1up_Hexandria_monogynia_I_pp.&nbsp;285–332]_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem13829page297mode1up_Hexandria_monogynia_I_pp.&nbsp;285–332]-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his <a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">sexual classification</a> scheme. The name <i>Amaryllis</i> had been applied to a number of plants over the course of history. </p><p><i>Hexandria monogynia</i> has come to be treated as either liliaceous or amaryllidaceaeous (see <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Liliaceae" title="Taxonomy of Liliaceae">Taxonomy of Liliaceae</a>) over time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1763, when <a href="/wiki/Michel_Adanson" title="Michel Adanson">Michel Adanson</a> conceived of these genera as '<a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdanson1763[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem6958page588mode1up_VIII._Liliaceae._Part_II._p.&nbsp;42]_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdanson1763[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem6958page588mode1up_VIII._Liliaceae._Part_II._p.&nbsp;42]-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was included in this family, placing <i>Amaryllis</i> in Section VII, Narcissi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdanson1763[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem6958page601mode1up_VIII._Liliaceae_Sectio_VII._Part_II._pp.&nbsp;55–57]_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdanson1763[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem6958page601mode1up_VIII._Liliaceae_Sectio_VII._Part_II._pp.&nbsp;55–57]-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Adanson_system" title="Adanson system">his scheme</a>, in which the Liliaceae had eight sections. </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu" title="Antoine Laurent de Jussieu">de Jussieu</a> came the formal establishment of organising genera into families (<i>ordo</i>) in 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Jussieu established the <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierarchical">hierarchical</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phylogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogeny">phylogeny</a>), placing <i>Amaryllis</i> and 15 related genera within a <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monocotyledons" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocotyledons">monocotyledons</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a> (III) of <i>Stamina Perigynia</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page130mode1up_Stamina_Perigynia_p.&nbsp;35]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page130mode1up_Stamina_Perigynia_p.&nbsp;35]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 'order' Narcisse, divided into three subfamilies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page149mode1up_Narcisse_pp.&nbsp;54–56]_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page149mode1up_Narcisse_pp.&nbsp;54–56]-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This system also formally described the Liliaceae, which were a separate order within the <i>Stamina perigynia</i> (Lilia). The use of the term <i>Ordo</i> (order) at that time was closer to what we now understand as family, rather than order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEICN2011[httpwwwiapt-taxonorgnomenmainphppageart18_Names_of_families_and_subfamilies,_tribes_and_subtribes_p.&nbsp;18.2]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEICN2011[httpwwwiapt-taxonorgnomenmainphppageart18_Names_of_families_and_subfamilies,_tribes_and_subtribes_p.&nbsp;18.2]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page204mode1up_Des_familles_et_des_tribus_pp.&nbsp;192–195]_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page204mode1up_Des_familles_et_des_tribus_pp.&nbsp;192–195]-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In creating <a href="/wiki/De_Jussieu_system" title="De Jussieu system">his scheme</a>, De Jussieu used a modified form of Linnaeus' sexual classification, but with the respective topography of stamens to carpels rather than just their numbers. </p><p>The family Amaryllidaceae was formally named as 'Amaryllidées' (Amaryllideae) in 1805, by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Henri_Jaume_Saint-Hilaire" title="Jean Henri Jaume Saint-Hilaire">Jean Henri Jaume Saint-Hilaire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVEQAAAAAQAAJpgRA1-PA130_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVEQAAAAAQAAJpgRA1-PA130_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1810 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Brown</a> proposed that a subgroup of Liliaceae be distinguished on the basis of the position of their ovaries (inferior) and be referred to as Amaryllideae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1810[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem21871page164mode1up_Prodromus._Amaryllideae_p.&nbsp;296]_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1810[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem21871page164mode1up_Prodromus._Amaryllideae_p.&nbsp;296]-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1813 <a href="/wiki/De_Candolle" class="mw-redirect" title="De Candolle">de Candolle</a> described Liliacées Juss. and Amaryllidées Brown as two quite separate families.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page231mode1up_Esquisse._D'une_Série_linéaire_et_par_conséquent_artificielle,_pour_la_disposition_des_familles_naturelles_du_règne_végetal_p.&nbsp;219]_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page231mode1up_Esquisse._D'une_Série_linéaire_et_par_conséquent_artificielle,_pour_la_disposition_des_familles_naturelles_du_règne_végetal_p.&nbsp;219]-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The literature on the organisation of genera into families and higher ranks became available in the English language with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Frederick_Gray" title="Samuel Frederick Gray">Samuel Frederick Gray</a>'s <i>A natural arrangement of British plants</i> (1821).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray1821_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray1821-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gray used a combination of Linnaeus' sexual classification and Jussieu's natural classification to group together a number of families having in common six equal stamens, a single style and a perianth that was simple and petaloid, but did not use formal names for these higher ranks. Within the grouping, he separated families by the characteristics of their fruit and seed. He treated groups of genera with these characteristics as separate families, such as Amaryllideae, Liliaceae, Asphodeleae, and Asparageae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page10mode1up_p.vi]_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page10mode1up_p.vi]-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">John Lindley</a> (1830, 1846) was the other important British taxonomist of the early 19th century. In his <a href="/wiki/Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">first taxonomic work</a>, <i>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</i> (1830),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he partly followed De Jussieu by describing a subclass he called 'Endogenae, or Monocotyledonous Plants' (preserving de Candolle's <i>Endogenæ phanerogamæ</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page319mode1up_Endogenae,_or_Monocotyledonous_Plants_p.&nbsp;251]_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page319mode1up_Endogenae,_or_Monocotyledonous_Plants_p.&nbsp;251]-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> divided into two tribes, the <a href="/wiki/Petaloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Petaloidea">Petaloidea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glumaceae" title="Glumaceae">Glumaceae</a>. He divided the former, often referred to as petaloid monocots, into 32 orders, including the Amaryllideae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_p.&nbsp;259]_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_p.&nbsp;259]-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He defined the latter as "Hexapetaloideous bulbous hexandrous monocotyledons, with an inferior ovarium, a six-parted perianthium with equitant sepals, and flat, spongy seeds" and included <i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis" title="Amaryllis">Amaryllis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Phycella" title="Phycella">Phycella</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nerine" title="Nerine">Nerine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vallota" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallota">Vallota</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Calostemma" title="Calostemma">Calostemma</a></i>. </p><p>By 1846, in his final scheme<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lindley had greatly expanded and refined the treatment of the monocots, introducing both an intermediate ranking (Alliances) and tribes within families. Lindley placed the Liliaceae within the <a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a>, but saw it as a <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> ("catch-all") family, being all Liliales not included in the other orders, but hoped that the future would reveal some characteristic that would group them better. This kept the Liliaceae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page274mode1up_Liliaceae_–_Lilyworts_p.&nbsp;200]_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page274mode1up_Liliaceae_–_Lilyworts_p.&nbsp;200]-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> separate from the Amaryllidaceae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Amaryllidaceae_–_Amaryllids_p.&nbsp;155]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Amaryllidaceae_–_Amaryllids_p.&nbsp;155]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Narcissales Alliance). Of these, Liliaceae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page274mode1up_Liliaceae_–_Lilyworts_p.&nbsp;200]_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page274mode1up_Liliaceae_–_Lilyworts_p.&nbsp;200]-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was divided into eleven tribes (with 133 genera) and Amaryllidaceae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Amaryllidaceae_–_Amaryllids_p.&nbsp;155]_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Amaryllidaceae_–_Amaryllids_p.&nbsp;155]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into four tribes (with 68 genera), yet both contained many genera that would eventually segregate to each other's contemporary orders (Liliales and Asparagales respectively). The Liliaceae would be reduced to a small 'core' represented by the tribe <a href="/wiki/Tulipeae" title="Tulipeae">Tulipeae</a> (18 genera), while large groups such <a href="/wiki/Scilleae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scilleae">Scilleae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagae</a> would become part of Asparagales either as part of the Amaryllidaceae or as separate families. While of the four tribes of the Amaryllidaceae, the Amaryllideae and Narcisseae would remain as core amaryllids while the <a href="/wiki/Agavaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agavaceae">Agaveae</a> would be part of Asparagaceae, but the <a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriae</a> would become a family within the <a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a>. </p><p>Since then, seven of Linnaeus' <i>Hexandria monogynia</i> genera have consistently been placed in a common taxonomic unit of amaryllids, based on the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_ovary" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior ovary">inferior position of the ovaries</a> (whether this be as an order, suborder, family, subfamily, tribe or section).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000a_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000a-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, much of what we now consider Amaryllidaceae remained in Liliaceae because the ovary was superior, till 1926 when <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">John Hutchinson</a> transferred them to Amaryllidaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This usage of the family entered the English language literature through the work of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Frederick_Gray" title="Samuel Frederick Gray">Samuel Frederick Gray</a> (1821),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page202mode1up_Fam._XIV_Amaryllideae_Brown._II_p.&nbsp;190–193;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;173]_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page202mode1up_Fam._XIV_Amaryllideae_Brown._II_p.&nbsp;190–193;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;173]-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert_(botanist)" title="William Herbert (botanist)">William Herbert</a> (1837)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert1837_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert1837-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">John Lindley</a> (1830,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_CCXXXVIII_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_pp.&nbsp;259–260;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;279]_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_CCXXXVIII_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_pp.&nbsp;259–260;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;279]-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1846<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Order_XLVI_Amaryllidaceae—Amaryllids_pp.&nbsp;155–158;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;200_]_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Order_XLVI_Amaryllidaceae—Amaryllids_pp.&nbsp;155–158;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;200_]-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Meanwhile, Lindley had described two <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> genera which for which he created a new family, <a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page343mode1up_CCXLVIII_Gilliesieae._pp.&nbsp;275–277]_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page343mode1up_CCXLVIII_Gilliesieae._pp.&nbsp;275–277]-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of known genera within these families continued to grow, and by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Bentham_and_Hooker" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentham and Hooker">Bentham and Hooker</a> classification (1883), the Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllideae) were divided into four tribes, of which only one (Amarylleae) is still included.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page272mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Amaryllideae_pp.&nbsp;711–740]_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page272mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Amaryllideae_pp.&nbsp;711–740]-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liliaceae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page309mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Liliaceae_pp.&nbsp;748–836]_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page309mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Liliaceae_pp.&nbsp;748–836]-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were becoming one of the largest families, and <a href="/wiki/George_Bentham" title="George Bentham">Bentham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Hooker</a> divided it into 20 tribes, of which one was the Allieae,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_pp.&nbsp;798–807]_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_pp.&nbsp;798–807]-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which as <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a> would eventually become part of Amaryllidaceae as two of its three subfamilies. The Allieae included both <a href="/wiki/Agapantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapantheae">Agapantheae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Agapantheae_p.&nbsp;798]_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Agapantheae_p.&nbsp;798]-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third of the current subfamilies, and Lindley's <a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page365mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Gilliesieae_pp.&nbsp;804–806]_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page365mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Gilliesieae_pp.&nbsp;804–806]-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as two of its four subtribes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page311mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_(Conspectus)_pp.&nbsp;750]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page311mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_(Conspectus)_pp.&nbsp;750]-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bentham and Hooker's scheme was the last major classification using the natural approach.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStuessy2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidb9Q2EOkw7toCpgPA47_Natural_classification_p.&nbsp;47]_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStuessy2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidb9Q2EOkw7toCpgPA47_Natural_classification_p.&nbsp;47]-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-Darwinian">Post-Darwinian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Darwinian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of Species">Origin of Species</a></i> (1859) preceded Bentham and Hooker's publication, the latter project was commenced much earlier and <a href="/wiki/George_Bentham" title="George Bentham">Bentham</a> was initially sceptical of <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStuessy2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidb9Q2EOkw7toCpgPA47_Natural_classification_p.&nbsp;47]_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStuessy2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidb9Q2EOkw7toCpgPA47_Natural_classification_p.&nbsp;47]-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new <a href="/wiki/Phyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyletic">phyletic</a> approach changed the way that taxonomists considered plant classification, incorporating <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary">evolutionary</a> information into their schemata. The major works in the late 19th and early 20th centuries employing this approach were German, those of <a href="/wiki/Eichler_system" title="Eichler system">Eichler</a> (1875–1886), <a href="/wiki/Engler_system" title="Engler system">Engler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Anton_Prantl" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Anton Prantl">Prantl</a> (1886–1924), and <a href="/wiki/Wettstein_system" title="Wettstein system">Wettstein</a> (1901–1935). </p><p> The Amaryllidaceae were treated similarly in the German-language literature to the manner they had been in English. <a href="/wiki/August_Eichler" class="mw-redirect" title="August Eichler">August Eichler</a> (1886)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichler1886_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichler1886-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first phyletic taxonomist and positioned the Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae within the <a href="/wiki/Liliiflorae" class="mw-redirect" title="Liliiflorae">Liliiflorae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXE0bAAAAYAAJpgPA34_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;34]_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXE0bAAAAYAAJpgPA34_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;34]-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5926html_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;862]_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5926html_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;862]-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the seven orders of monocotyledons. Liliaceae included both <i><a href="/wiki/Allium" title="Allium">Allium</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ornithogalum" title="Ornithogalum">Ornithogalum</a></i> (modern <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a>). <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Adolf Engler</a> developed Eichler's ideas much further, into much more elaborate schemes that evolved over time, from his 1888 scheme, contributed by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Pax">Pax</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPax1888_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPax1888-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to his 1903 version.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page127mode1up_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;93]_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page127mode1up_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;93]-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the latter, the Liliineae were a suborder of Liliiflorae, including both families Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Within the Liliaceae, the core liliids were segregated in subfamily <a href="/wiki/Lilioideae" title="Lilioideae">Lilioideae</a> from the alliaceous subfamily, <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a>. <a href="/wiki/Allieae" title="Allieae">Allieae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agapantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapantheae">Agapantheae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a> were the three tribes within this subfamily.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page130mode1up_Subfamily_Allioideae_p.&nbsp;96]_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page130mode1up_Subfamily_Allioideae_p.&nbsp;96]-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A somewhat similar approach to Liliiflorae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5926html_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;862]_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5926html_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;862]-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was adopted by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wettstein" title="Richard Wettstein">Wettstein</a> (without suborders or tribes), and with Alliodeae (<i>Allium</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Lilioideae" title="Lilioideae">Lilioideae</a> (<i>Ornithogalum</i>) as subfamilies of Liliaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5927html_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;863]_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5927html_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;863]-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wettstein's Amaryllidaceae contained three subfamilies,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5937html_Amaryllidaceae_p.&nbsp;871]_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5937html_Amaryllidaceae_p.&nbsp;871]-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Amaryllidoideae and Agavoideae.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poeticus_Wettstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Poeticus_Wettstein.jpg/220px-Poeticus_Wettstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Poeticus_Wettstein.jpg/330px-Poeticus_Wettstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Poeticus_Wettstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>Longitudinal section of <i><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_poeticus" title="Narcissus poeticus">Narcissus poeticus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/R_Wettstein" class="mw-redirect" title="R Wettstein">R Wettstein</a> <i>Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik</i> 1901–1924</figcaption></figure> <p>The early 20th century was marked by increasing doubts about the placement of the alliaceous genera within Liliaceae. <a href="/wiki/Lotsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotsy">Lotsy</a> was the first taxonomist to propose separating them, and in his system he describes Agapanthaceae, Alliaceae, and Gilliesiaceae as new and separate families from Liliaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELotsy1911[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem77531page740mode1up_Agapanthaceae,_Alliaceae,_Gilliesiaceae_pp.&nbsp;732–734]_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELotsy1911[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem77531page740mode1up_Agapanthaceae,_Alliaceae,_Gilliesiaceae_pp.&nbsp;732–734]-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This approach was adopted by a number of other authorities, such as Dahlgren (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid3iGndTFY0skCpgPA193_Alliaceae_pp.&nbsp;193–198]_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid3iGndTFY0skCpgPA193_Alliaceae_pp.&nbsp;193–198]-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rahn (1998).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahn199870–78_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERahn199870–78-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another approach was that of <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">John Hutchinson</a> (1926), who performed the first major <a href="/wiki/Circumscription_(taxonomy)" title="Circumscription (taxonomy)">recircumscription</a> of the family in over a century. He doubted Brown's dictum that the position of the ovary was the distinguishing feature that separated Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae. He treated Amaryllidaceae as bulbous plants with umbellate inflorescences, the latter characteristic being the defining feature: "an umbellate inflorescence subtended by an involucre of one or more spathaceous bracts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_system" title="Hutchinson system">His work on this</a> has been upheld by subsequent research and his definition remains valid today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkin2012_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkin2012-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using this criterion, he removed a number of taxa (<a href="/wiki/Agavaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agavaceae">Agavaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a>) and transferred the <a href="/wiki/Agapantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapantheae">Agapantheae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allieae" title="Allieae">Allieae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a> from Liliaceae to Amaryllidaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other writers proposed reuniting Amaryllidaceae with Liliaceae. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Folger_Thorne" title="Robert Folger Thorne">Thorne</a> (1976)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorne1976_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorne1976-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_John_Cronquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur John Cronquist">Cronquist</a> (1988)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECronquist1988_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECronquist1988-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both included Amaryllidaceae within a broad concept of Liliaceae<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000a_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000a-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although Thorne later separated them again, but keep Alliaceae as a third family).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorne1992_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorne1992-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus 'Alliaceae' were variously included in either Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, or as a separate entity. This uncertainty of circumscription reflected a wider problem with the <a href="/wiki/Petaloid_monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Petaloid monocots">petaloid monocots</a> in general. Over the course of time, widely differing views as to the limits of the family have been expressed, so much of the literature dealing with this family requires careful inspection to determine which sense of the Amaryllidaceae the work treats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phylogenetic_era"><span class="anchor" id="Phylogenetic_era"></span>Phylogenetic era</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phylogenetic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> era of understanding the taxonomic relationships of Amaryllidaceae began with the work of <a href="/wiki/Michael_F_Fay" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael F Fay">Fay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_W_Chase" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark W Chase">Chase</a> (1996) who used the <a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">plastid</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> <a href="/wiki/Rubisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubisco">rubisco</a> <i>rbcL</i> to identify the close relationship between <i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus" title="Agapanthus">Agapanthus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Alliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliaceae">Alliaceae</a>, and Amaryllidaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFayChase1996_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFayChase1996-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Agapanthus</i> had variously been included in Alliaceae or was placed in a separate family, Agapanthaceae. They relocated <i>Agapanthus</i> within Amaryllidaceae as they considered it a <a href="/wiki/Sister_group" title="Sister group">sister group</a> to that family. Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> (APG) <a href="/wiki/APG_I_system" class="mw-redirect" title="APG I system">classification</a> (1998) still considered these three separate families within Asparagales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG1998_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG1998-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The close relationship was confirmed in a more detailed study by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Meerow" title="Alan Meerow">Meerow</a> (1999) who confirmed the <a href="/wiki/Monophyly" title="Monophyly">monophyly</a> of Amaryllidaceae, with Agapanthaceae as its sister family and Alliaceae in turn as sister to the Amaryllidaceae/Agapanthaceae <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its <a href="/wiki/APG_II_system" title="APG II system">second iteration</a> (2003), the APG proposed simplifying the higher (core) Asparagales by reducing them to two more broadly circumscribed families, and provisionally proposed the name Alliaceae <i><a href="/wiki/Sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu lato">sensu lato</a></i> (<i>s.l.</i>) to include the three sister families (Agapanthaceae, Alliaceae <i>sensu stricto</i>, <i>s.s.</i>, and Amaryllidaceae), since together they form a monophyletic group. In this respect, they were following Hutchinson's system (see above). Under this proposal, the three families became reduced to subfamilies (and by extension the subfamilies of Alliaceae <i>s.s.</i> being reduced to tribes.) At the same time, they appreciated an argument existed for making Amaryllidaceae <i>s.l.</i> the formal name of the new and larger family,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2003_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG2003-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenetsky2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK0LNBQAAQBAJpgPA25_p.&nbsp;25]_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenetsky2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK0LNBQAAQBAJpgPA25_p.&nbsp;25]-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a position subsequently strongly supported by Meerow and colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman2006_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman2006-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2007_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2007-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">2009 version of the APG</a> formally adopted this broad view and the conserved name Amaryllidaceae. To distinguish this broader family from the older, narrower family, it has become customary to refer to Amaryllidaceae <i>sensu</i> APG, or as used by APG, Amaryllidaceae <i>s.l.</i>. as opposed to Amaryllidaceae <i>s.s.</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2009_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2009_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2009-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a>) shows the placement of Amaryllidaceae <i>s.l.</i> within the order Asparagales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens2016[httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchAPwebordersasparagaleswebhtmAmaryllidaceae_Amaryllidaceae]_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens2016[httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchAPwebordersasparagaleswebhtmAmaryllidaceae_Amaryllidaceae]-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Asparagales </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">Orchidaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Hypoxidaceae <i>s.l.</i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Xanthorrhoeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthorrhoeaceae">Xanthorrhoeaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">"Core" (higher) Asparagales </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>Amaryllidaceae</b> <i><b>s.l.</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivision">Subdivision</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subdivision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As reconstituted by the APG, Amaryllidaceae <i>s.l.</i> consists of three <a href="/wiki/Subfamilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Subfamilies">subfamilies</a>, Agapanthoideae, Allioideae, and Amaryllidoideae, corresponding to the three families that were subsumed into it:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia_et_al2014_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia_et_al2014-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a> (Agapanthaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a> (Alliaceae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a> (Amaryllidaceae <i>s.s.</i>)</li></ul> <p>Of these, one (Agapanthoideae) is <a href="/wiki/Monogeneric" class="mw-redirect" title="Monogeneric">monogeneric</a> for <i>Agapanthus</i> (see Cladogram I). </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;">Cladogram I: Amaryllidaceae<br /><i>sensu</i> <i>s.l.</i>/APG <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%; line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Amaryllidaceae <i>s.l.</i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Of the other two subfamilies, Allioideae was resolved into three subdivisions by the initial <a href="#phylogenetic_era">phylogenetic studies</a> of Fay and Chase (1996). Since they treated Allioideae as family Alliaceae, these were subfamilies Allioideae, Tulbaghioideae, and Gilliesioideae. When family Alliaceae was reduced to subfamily Allioideae, they were reduced to tribes, namely Allieae, Tulbaghieae and Gilliesieae (see Cladogram II).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFayChase1996_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFayChase1996-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;">Cladogram II: Allioideae <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%; line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe<br /><a href="/wiki/Allieae" title="Allieae">Allieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Tulbaghieae" title="Tulbaghieae">Tulbaghieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Complete resolution of infrafamilial (suprageneric) relationships within subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae <i>s.s.</i>) has proven more difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman2006_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman2006-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fay and Chase's study lacked sufficient resolution for further elucidation of this group. Historically a wide variety of infrafamilial classification systems have been proposed for the Amaryllidaceae. In the latter twentieth century there were at least six schemes, including <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">Hutchinson</a> (1926),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Traub" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Traub">Traub</a> (1963),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETraub1963_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETraub1963-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dahlgren_system" title="Dahlgren system">Dahlgren</a> (1985),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_M%C3%BCller-Doblies" title="Dietrich Müller-Doblies">Müller-Doblies</a> and Müller-Doblies (1996),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller-DobliesMüller-Doblies1996_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller-DobliesMüller-Doblies1996-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hickey and King (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHickeyKing1997[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidnhQQho64fxYCpgPA152_p.&nbsp;177]_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHickeyKing1997[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidnhQQho64fxYCpgPA152_p.&nbsp;177]-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Meerow and Snijman (1998).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman1998_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman1998-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_system" title="Hutchinson system">Hutchinson</a> was an early proponent of the larger Amaryllidaceae, transferring taxa from <a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a> and had three tribes, <a href="/wiki/Agapantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapantheae">Agapantheae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allieae" title="Allieae">Allieae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a>. Traub (who provides a brief history of the family) largely followed Hutchinson, but with four subfamilies (<a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemerocalloideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemerocalloideae">Hemerocalloideae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ixiolirioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixiolirioideae">Ixiolirioideae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a>), the Amaryllidoideae he then divided further into two "infrafamilies", <a href="/wiki/Amarylloidinae" title="Amarylloidinae">Amarylloidinae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pancratioidinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancratioidinae">Pancratioidinae</a>, an arrangement with 23 tribes in total. In <a href="/wiki/Dahlgren_system#Amaryllidaceae" title="Dahlgren system">Dahlgren's system</a>, a "<a href="/wiki/Lumpers_and_splitters" title="Lumpers and splitters">splitter</a>" who favoured larger numbers of smaller families, he adopted a narrower <a href="/wiki/Circumscription_(taxonomy)" title="Circumscription (taxonomy)">circumscription</a> than Traub, using only the latter's Amaryllidoideae which he treated as eight tribes. Müller-Doblies described ten tribes (and 19 subtribes). Hickey and King described ten <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribes</a> by which the family were divided, such as the <a href="/wiki/Zephyrantheae" title="Zephyrantheae">Zephyrantheae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHickeyKing1997[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidnhQQho64fxYCpgPA152_p.&nbsp;177]_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHickeyKing1997[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidnhQQho64fxYCpgPA152_p.&nbsp;177]-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meerow and Snijder considered thirteen tribes, one (<a href="/wiki/Amaryllideae" title="Amaryllideae">Amaryllideae</a>) with two subtribes (for a comparison of these schemes see Meerow et al. 1999, Table I).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The further application of molecular phylogenetics produced a complex picture that only partially related to the tribal structure considered up to that date, which had been based on <a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">morphology</a> alone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather, Amaryllidaceae resolved along <a href="/wiki/Biogeographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogeographical">biogeographical</a> lines. A predominantly South African clade identified as <a href="/wiki/Amaryllideae" title="Amaryllideae">Amaryllideae</a> was a sister group to the rest of the family. The two other African tribes were <a href="/wiki/Haemantheae" title="Haemantheae">Haemantheae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrtantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrtantheae">Cyrtantheae</a>, and an Australasian tribe <a href="/wiki/Calostemmateae" title="Calostemmateae">Calostemmateae</a> was also identified, but a large clade could only be described as Eurasian and American, each of which were monophyletic sister clades to each other. The Eurasian clade was poorly resolved with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Lycorideae" title="Lycorideae">Lycorideae</a> (Central and East Asian). The American clade was better resolved identifying both <a href="/wiki/Hippeastreae" title="Hippeastreae">Hippeastreae</a> as a tribe (and <a href="/wiki/Zephyranthinae" title="Zephyranthinae">Zephyranthinae</a> as a subtribe within it). The American clade also included an Andean clade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further investigation of the American clade suggested the presence of two groups, the Andean clade and a further "Hippeastroid" clade, in which <a href="/wiki/Griffineae" title="Griffineae">Griffineae</a> was sister to the rest of the clade (Hippeastreae). Similarly, within the Andean clade, <a href="/wiki/Eustephieae" title="Eustephieae">Eustephieae</a> appeared as sister to the remaining clade, including <a href="/wiki/Hymenocallideae" title="Hymenocallideae">Hymenocallideae</a>. A new tribe, <a href="/wiki/Clinantheae" title="Clinantheae">Clinantheae</a> was also identified in this group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eurasian clade was also further resolved (for historical treatment, see Table I Meerow <i>et al.</i> 2006) into four tribes, <a href="/wiki/Pancratieae" title="Pancratieae">Pancratieae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcisseae" title="Narcisseae">Narcisseae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galantheae" title="Galantheae">Galantheae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lycorideae" title="Lycorideae">Lycorideae</a>. This positioned Lycorideae as sister to the remaining Mediterranean tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2006a_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2006a-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These relationships are summarised in the following cladogram: </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;"><span class="anchor" id="Clad3"></span>Cladogram III: Tribes of subfamily Amaryllidoideae </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:92%;line-height:100%;width:700px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Subfamily <b><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Africa  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Amaryllideae" title="Amaryllideae">Amaryllideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Africa  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Cyrtantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrtantheae">Cyrtantheae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Africa  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Haemantheae" title="Haemantheae">Haemantheae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Australasia </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Calostemmateae" title="Calostemmateae">Calostemmateae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Eurasian clade </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Asia </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Lycorideae" title="Lycorideae">Lycorideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Mediterranean </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Galantheae" title="Galantheae">Galantheae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Pancratieae" title="Pancratieae">Pancratieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Narcisseae" title="Narcisseae">Narcisseae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">American clade </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Hippeastroid clade </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Griffineae" title="Griffineae">Griffineae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hippeastreae" title="Hippeastreae">Hippeastreae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Andean clade </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Eustephieae" title="Eustephieae">Eustephieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Stenomesseae" title="Stenomesseae">Stenomesseae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Clinantheae" title="Clinantheae">Clinantheae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hymenocallideae" title="Hymenocallideae">Hymenocallideae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Publication of the third version of the APG classification and acceptance of Amaryllidaceae <i>s.l.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2009_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was accompanied by a listing of accepted subfamily and tribal names, since the change in <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">rank</a> from family to subfamily necessitated a revision of other lower ranks, as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2009_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2009-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Family: Amaryllidaceae <small><a href="/wiki/J.St.-Hil." class="mw-redirect" title="J.St.-Hil.">J.St.-Hil.</a></small>, Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 134. Feb–Apr 1805, <i>nom. cons.</i> </p> <ul><li>Subfamily: <a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Endl." class="mw-redirect" title="Endl.">Endl.</a></small>, Gen. Pl.: 141. Dec 1836. (1 genus)</li> <li>Subfamily: <a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Herb." class="mw-redirect" title="Herb.">Herb.</a></small>, Amaryllidaceae: 48. late Apr 1837. <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Allieae" title="Allieae">Allieae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Dumort." class="mw-redirect" title="Dumort.">Dumort.</a></small>, Fl. Belg.: 139. 1827. (1 genus)</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/JG_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="JG Baker">Baker</a></small>, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 509. 24 April 1875. (18 genera)</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Tulbaghieae" title="Tulbaghieae">Tulbaghieae</a> <small>Endl. ex <a href="/wiki/Meisn." class="mw-redirect" title="Meisn.">Meisn.</a>,</small> Pl. Vasc. Gen.: Tab. Diagn. 397, 399, Comm. 302. 17–20 Dec 1842. (2 genera)</li></ul></li> <li>Subfamily: <a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a><small> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Thomas_Burnett" title="Gilbert Thomas Burnett">Burnett</a></small>, Outl. Bot.: 446. Feb 1835 (15 tribes) <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Amaryllideae" title="Amaryllideae">Amaryllideae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Dumort." class="mw-redirect" title="Dumort.">Dumort.</a></small>, Anal. Fam. Pl.: 58. 1829.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Calostemmateae" title="Calostemmateae">Calostemmateae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_M%C3%BCller-Doblies" title="Dietrich Müller-Doblies">D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.Doblies</a></small>, Feddes Repert. 107 (Short commun.): 7 December 1996.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Cyrtantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrtantheae">Cyrtantheae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Paul_Traub" title="Hamilton Paul Traub">Traub</a></small>, Herbertia 5: 111. Nov 1938.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Eucharideae" title="Eucharideae">Eucharideae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Hutch." class="mw-redirect" title="Hutch.">Hutch.</a></small>, Fam.Fl.Pl.2:130.20 Jul 1934.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Eustephieae" title="Eustephieae">Eustephieae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Hutch." class="mw-redirect" title="Hutch.">Hutch.</a></small>, Fam.Fl.Pl.2:130.20 Jul 1934.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Galantheae" title="Galantheae">Galantheae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Parl." class="mw-redirect" title="Parl.">Parl.</a></small>, Fl. Ital. 3: 75. 1858.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Gethyllideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gethyllideae">Gethyllideae</a> <small>Dumort.</small>, Anal. Fam. Pl.: 58. 1829.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Haemantheae" title="Haemantheae">Haemantheae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Hutch." class="mw-redirect" title="Hutch.">Hutch.</a></small>, Fam. Fl. Pl. 2: 130. 20 July 1934.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hippeastreae" title="Hippeastreae">Hippeastreae</a> <small> Herb. ex <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sweet_(botanist)" title="Robert Sweet (botanist)">Sweet</a></small>, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 2, 1: ad t. 14. 1 September 1829.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hymenocallideae" title="Hymenocallideae">Hymenocallideae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/John_Kunkel_Small" title="John Kunkel Small">Small</a></small>, Man. S.E. Fl.: 315. 30 November 1933.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Lycorideae" title="Lycorideae">Lycorideae</a> <small>Traub ex D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.Doblies</small>, Feddes Repert. 107 (Short commun.): 6. Dec. 1996.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Narcisseae" title="Narcisseae">Narcisseae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Lam.</a> & DC.</small>, Syn. Pl. Fl. Gall.: 165. 30 June 1806.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Pancratieae" title="Pancratieae">Pancratieae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Dumort." class="mw-redirect" title="Dumort.">Dumort.</a></small>, Anal. Fam. Pl.: 58. 1829.</li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Stenomesseae" title="Stenomesseae">Stenomesseae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Paul_Traub" title="Hamilton Paul Traub">Traub</a></small>, Pl. Life 19: 60. Jan 1963</li></ul></li></ul> <p>This circumscription differs from the phylogenetic descriptions of Meerow and colleagues in several respects. Griffineae is recognised as a distinct tribe within the Hippeastroid clade, and Stenomesseae is recognised as <a href="/wiki/Polyphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletic">polyphyletic</a> with two distinct types based on leaf shape (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lorate" class="extiw" title="wikt:lorate">lorate</a>-leafed and <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiolate</a>-leafed). The lorate-leafed species of the type genus of Stenomesseae, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stemomesson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stemomesson (page does not exist)">Stemomesson</a></i>, were transferred to a new tribe, Clinantheae as sister to Hymenocallideae in the Andean clade. The remnants of <i>Stemomesson</i> then formed a distinct clade with <i><a href="/wiki/Eucharis_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharis (plant)">Eucharis</a></i> (Eucharidae) and Eucharidae renamed as Stenomesseae (see <a href="#Clad3">Cladogram III</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeberWilkin2007_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeberWilkin2007-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2004_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2004-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPBS2012[httpwwwpacificbulbsocietyorgpbswikiindexphpClinanthus_''Clinanthus'']_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPBS2012[httpwwwpacificbulbsocietyorgpbswikiindexphpClinanthus_''Clinanthus'']-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByng2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidyoLaBAAAQBAJpgPA84_Amaryllidaceae]_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByng2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidyoLaBAAAQBAJpgPA84_Amaryllidaceae]-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Griffineae" title="Griffineae">Griffineae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Pierfelice_Ravenna" title="Pierfelice Ravenna">Ravenna</a></small></li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Clinantheae" title="Clinantheae">Clinantheae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Alan_Meerow" title="Alan Meerow">Meerow</a></small></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paleoallium_billgenseli_SR_10-35-06_holotype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Paleoallium_billgenseli_SR_10-35-06_holotype.jpg/220px-Paleoallium_billgenseli_SR_10-35-06_holotype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Paleoallium_billgenseli_SR_10-35-06_holotype.jpg/330px-Paleoallium_billgenseli_SR_10-35-06_holotype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Paleoallium_billgenseli_SR_10-35-06_holotype.jpg/440px-Paleoallium_billgenseli_SR_10-35-06_holotype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Paleoallium" title="Paleoallium">Paleoallium</a></i> holotype fossil</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Genera">Genera</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Genera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> accepts 71 genera.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_30000959-2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_30000959-2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Website">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</a> lists 73 genera and 1,605 species within Amaryllidaceae <i>s.l.</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens2016[httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchAPwebordersasparagaleswebhtmAmaryllidaceae_Amaryllidaceae]_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens2016[httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchAPwebordersasparagaleswebhtmAmaryllidaceae_Amaryllidaceae]-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a> (2013) listed 80 genera and 2,258 species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Plant_List2013_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Plant_List2013-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a> fossil record is scant,<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2020_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2020-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 2018 description of <a href="/wiki/Ypresian" title="Ypresian">Ypresian</a> age <a href="/wiki/Bulbil" title="Bulbil">bulbils</a> as <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paleoallium" title="Paleoallium">Paleoallium</a></i> were the first Amaryllidaceae .<sup id="cite_ref-Pigg2018_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pigg2018-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acis_(plant)" title="Acis (plant)">Acis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Salisb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus" title="Agapanthus">Agapanthus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L'Hér.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allium" title="Allium">Allium</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis" title="Amaryllis">Amaryllis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammocharis" title="Ammocharis">Ammocharis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apodolirion" title="Apodolirion">Apodolirion</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Baker</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atacamallium" title="Atacamallium">Atacamallium</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Nic.García</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boophone" title="Boophone">Boophone</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brunsvigia" title="Brunsvigia">Brunsvigia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Heist.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calostemma" title="Calostemma">Calostemma</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">R.Br.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cearanthes" title="Cearanthes">Cearanthes</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Ravenna</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlidanthus" title="Chlidanthus">Chlidanthus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clinanthus" title="Clinanthus">Clinanthus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clivia" title="Clivia">Clivia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lindl.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crinum" title="Crinum">Crinum</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crossyne" title="Crossyne">Crossyne</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Salisb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptostephanus" title="Cryptostephanus">Cryptostephanus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Welw. ex Baker</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtanthus" title="Cyrtanthus">Cyrtanthus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Aiton</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eucrosia" title="Eucrosia">Eucrosia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Ker Gawl.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eustephia" title="Eustephia">Eustephia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cav.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galanthus" title="Galanthus">Galanthus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gethyllis" title="Gethyllis">Gethyllis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gilliesia" title="Gilliesia">Gilliesia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lindl.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Griffinia" title="Griffinia">Griffinia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Ker Gawl.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haemanthus" title="Haemanthus">Haemanthus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hannonia" title="Hannonia">Hannonia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Braun-Blanq. & Maire</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hessea" title="Hessea">Hessea</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hieronymiella" title="Hieronymiella">Hieronymiella</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Pax</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hippeastrum" title="Hippeastrum">Hippeastrum</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hymenocallis" title="Hymenocallis">Hymenocallis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Salisb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ipheion" title="Ipheion">Ipheion</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Raf.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ismene_(plant)" title="Ismene (plant)">Ismene</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Salisb. ex Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lapiedra" title="Lapiedra">Lapiedra</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lag.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latace" title="Latace">Latace</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Phil.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptochiton_(plant)" title="Leptochiton (plant)">Leptochiton</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Sealy</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leucocoryne" title="Leucocoryne">Leucocoryne</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lindl.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leucojum" title="Leucojum">Leucojum</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycoris_(plant)" title="Lycoris (plant)">Lycoris</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathieua" title="Mathieua">Mathieua</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Klotzsch</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miersia" title="Miersia">Miersia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lindl.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%97_Myobranthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="× Myobranthus (page does not exist)">× Myobranthus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">ined.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Namaquanula" title="Namaquanula">Namaquanula</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">Narcissus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nerine" title="Nerine">Nerine</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nothoscordum" title="Nothoscordum">Nothoscordum</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Kunth</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pamianthe" title="Pamianthe">Pamianthe</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Stapf</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pancratium_(plant)" title="Pancratium (plant)">Pancratium</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Dill. ex L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paposoa" title="Paposoa">Paposoa</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Nic.García</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paramongaia" title="Paramongaia">Paramongaia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Velarde</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaedranassa" title="Phaedranassa">Phaedranassa</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phycella" title="Phycella">Phycella</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lindl.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plagiolirion" title="Plagiolirion">Plagiolirion</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Baker</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proiphys" title="Proiphys">Proiphys</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrolirion" title="Pyrolirion">Pyrolirion</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rauhia" title="Rauhia">Rauhia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Traub</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodolirium" title="Rhodolirium">Rhodolirium</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Phil.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scadoxus" title="Scadoxus">Scadoxus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Raf.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schickendantziella" title="Schickendantziella">Schickendantziella</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Speg.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoubiaonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoubiaonia (page does not exist)">Shoubiaonia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">W.H.Qin, W.Q.Meng & Kun Liu</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sprekelia" title="Sprekelia">Sprekelia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Heist.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stenomesson" title="Stenomesson">Stenomesson</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sternbergia" title="Sternbergia">Sternbergia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Waldst. & Kit.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strumaria" title="Strumaria">Strumaria</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Jacq.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traubia" title="Traubia">Traubia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Moldenke</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trichlora" title="Trichlora">Trichlora</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Baker</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tristagma" title="Tristagma">Tristagma</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Poepp.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulbaghia" title="Tulbaghia">Tulbaghia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ungernia" title="Ungernia">Ungernia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bunge</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urceolina" title="Urceolina">Urceolina</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Rchb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vagaria" title="Vagaria">Vagaria</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Worsleya" title="Worsleya">Worsleya</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Traub) Traub</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zephyranthes" title="Zephyranthes">Zephyranthes</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Herb.</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amaryllidaceae are a cosmopolitan family, whose distribution is pan<a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> to <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a>, but infrafamilial relationships are related to geographical considerations. The tribe <a href="/wiki/Amaryllideae" title="Amaryllideae">Amaryllideae</a> is primarily South African, and <a href="/wiki/Haemantheae" title="Haemantheae">Haemantheae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrtantheae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrtantheae">Cyrtantheae</a> are also African, while the <a href="/wiki/Calostemmateae" title="Calostemmateae">Calostemmateae</a> are <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasian</a>. Other elements are <a href="/wiki/Eurasian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian">Eurasian</a> and American, including an <a href="/wiki/Andean" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean">Andean</a> subclade without necessarily following strictly tribal delimitations. This leads to discussions of, for instance, American Amaryllidaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eurasian clade includes <a href="/wiki/Lycorideae" title="Lycorideae">Lycorideae</a>. The American clade includes the <a href="/wiki/Hippeastreae" title="Hippeastreae">Hippeastreae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustephieae" title="Eustephieae">Eustephieae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zephyranthinae" title="Zephyranthinae">Zephyranthinae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation_and_uses">Cultivation and uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultivation and uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Amaryllidaceae include many <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_garden_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamental garden plants">ornamental garden plants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">daffodils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowdrops" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowdrops">snowdrops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leucojum" title="Leucojum">snowflake</a>, pot plants such as <a href="/wiki/Hippeastrum" title="Hippeastrum">amaryllis</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Clivia" title="Clivia">Clivia</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Onions" class="mw-redirect" title="Onions">onions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">chives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeks">leeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>. A number of tropical lily-like plants are also sold, such as the <a href="/wiki/Belladonna_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Belladonna lily">belladonna lily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon lily">Amazon lily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haemanthus" title="Haemanthus">blood lily</a> (Cape tulip), <a href="/wiki/Cornish_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish lily">Cornish lily</a> (Nerine), and the Eurasian winter daffodil, <i><a href="/wiki/Sternbergia" title="Sternbergia">Sternbergia</a></i>. </p><p>Their economic importance lies in <a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">floriculture</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cut_flowers" title="Cut flowers">cut flowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulbs">bulbs</a>, and commercial vegetable production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsarchiveorgdetailsexpositiondesfa00saingoogpagen293_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsarchiveorgdetailsexpositiondesfa00saingoogpagen293_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805">Jaume Saint-Hilaire 1805</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/expositiondesfa00saingoog/page/n293">Amaryllidées vol. 1. pp. 134–142</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2009_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2009_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2009_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPG2009">APG 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO_30000959-2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_30000959-2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_30000959-2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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Part II. pp. 55–57</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJussieu1789">Jussieu 1789</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page130mode1up_Stamina_Perigynia_p.&nbsp;35]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page130mode1up_Stamina_Perigynia_p.&nbsp;35]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJussieu1789">Jussieu 1789</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7125#page/130/mode/1up">Stamina Perigynia p. 35</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page149mode1up_Narcisse_pp.&nbsp;54–56]-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJussieu1789[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem7125page149mode1up_Narcisse_pp.&nbsp;54–56]_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJussieu1789">Jussieu 1789</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7125#page/149/mode/1up">Narcisse pp. 54–56</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEICN2011[httpwwwiapt-taxonorgnomenmainphppageart18_Names_of_families_and_subfamilies,_tribes_and_subtribes_p.&nbsp;18.2]-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEICN2011[httpwwwiapt-taxonorgnomenmainphppageart18_Names_of_families_and_subfamilies,_tribes_and_subtribes_p.&nbsp;18.2]_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFICN2011">ICN 2011</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art18">Names of families and subfamilies, tribes and subtribes p. 18.2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page204mode1up_Des_familles_et_des_tribus_pp.&nbsp;192–195]-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page204mode1up_Des_familles_et_des_tribus_pp.&nbsp;192–195]_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCandolle1813">Candolle 1813</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88297#page/204/mode/1up">Des familles et des tribus pp. 192–195</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVEQAAAAAQAAJpgRA1-PA130_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVEQAAAAAQAAJpgRA1-PA130_Amaryllidées_vol._1._pp.&nbsp;134–142]_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805">Jaume Saint-Hilaire 1805</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VEQAAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA130">Amaryllidées vol. 1. pp. 134–142</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1810[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem21871page164mode1up_Prodromus._Amaryllideae_p.&nbsp;296]-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1810[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem21871page164mode1up_Prodromus._Amaryllideae_p.&nbsp;296]_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1810">Brown 1810</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21871#page/164/mode/1up">Prodromus. Amaryllideae p. 296</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page231mode1up_Esquisse._D'une_Série_linéaire_et_par_conséquent_artificielle,_pour_la_disposition_des_familles_naturelles_du_règne_végetal_p.&nbsp;219]-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECandolle1813[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem88297page231mode1up_Esquisse._D'une_Série_linéaire_et_par_conséquent_artificielle,_pour_la_disposition_des_familles_naturelles_du_règne_végetal_p.&nbsp;219]_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCandolle1813">Candolle 1813</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88297#page/231/mode/1up">Esquisse. D'une Série linéaire et par conséquent artificielle, pour la disposition des familles naturelles du règne végetal p. 219</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray1821-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray1821_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGray1821">Gray 1821</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page10mode1up_p.vi]-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page10mode1up_p.vi]_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGray1821">Gray 1821</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95185#page/10/mode/1up">p.vi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1830">Lindley 1830</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page319mode1up_Endogenae,_or_Monocotyledonous_Plants_p.&nbsp;251]-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page319mode1up_Endogenae,_or_Monocotyledonous_Plants_p.&nbsp;251]_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1830">Lindley 1830</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31944#page/319/mode/1up">Endogenae, or Monocotyledonous Plants p. 251</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_p.&nbsp;259]-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_p.&nbsp;259]_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1830">Lindley 1830</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31944#page/327/mode/1up">Amaryllideae The Narcissus Tribe p. 259</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1846">Lindley 1846</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page274mode1up_Liliaceae_–_Lilyworts_p.&nbsp;200]-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page274mode1up_Liliaceae_–_Lilyworts_p.&nbsp;200]_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page274mode1up_Liliaceae_–_Lilyworts_p.&nbsp;200]_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1846">Lindley 1846</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32198#page/274/mode/1up">Liliaceae – Lilyworts p. 200</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Amaryllidaceae_–_Amaryllids_p.&nbsp;155]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Amaryllidaceae_–_Amaryllids_p.&nbsp;155]_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Amaryllidaceae_–_Amaryllids_p.&nbsp;155]_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1846">Lindley 1846</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32198#page/229/mode/1up">Amaryllidaceae – Amaryllids p. 155</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000a-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000a_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000a_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeerow_et_al.2000a">Meerow et al. 2000a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson1926_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1926">Hutchinson 1926</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page202mode1up_Fam._XIV_Amaryllideae_Brown._II_p.&nbsp;190–193;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;173]-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray1821[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem95185page202mode1up_Fam._XIV_Amaryllideae_Brown._II_p.&nbsp;190–193;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;173]_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGray1821">Gray 1821</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95185#page/202/mode/1up">Fam. XIV Amaryllideae Brown. II p. 190–193; Liliaceae p. 173</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert1837-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert1837_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerbert1837">Herbert 1837</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_CCXXXVIII_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_pp.&nbsp;259–260;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;279]-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1830[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page327mode1up_CCXXXVIII_Amaryllideae_The_Narcissus_Tribe_pp.&nbsp;259–260;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;279]_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1830">Lindley 1830</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31944#page/327/mode/1up">CCXXXVIII Amaryllideae The Narcissus Tribe pp. 259–260; Liliaceae p. 279</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Order_XLVI_Amaryllidaceae—Amaryllids_pp.&nbsp;155–158;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;200_]-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem32198page229mode1up_Order_XLVI_Amaryllidaceae—Amaryllids_pp.&nbsp;155–158;_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;200_]_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1846">Lindley 1846</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32198#page/229/mode/1up">Order XLVI Amaryllidaceae—Amaryllids pp. 155–158; Liliaceae p. 200 </a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page343mode1up_CCXLVIII_Gilliesieae._pp.&nbsp;275–277]-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindley1846[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem31944page343mode1up_CCXLVIII_Gilliesieae._pp.&nbsp;275–277]_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindley1846">Lindley 1846</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31944#page/343/mode/1up">CCXLVIII Gilliesieae. pp. 275–277</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page272mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Amaryllideae_pp.&nbsp;711–740]-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page272mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Amaryllideae_pp.&nbsp;711–740]_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenthamHooker1883">Bentham & Hooker 1883</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14690#page/272/mode/1up">Vol. 3, Part 2. Amaryllideae pp. 711–740</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page309mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Liliaceae_pp.&nbsp;748–836]-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page309mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Liliaceae_pp.&nbsp;748–836]_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenthamHooker1883">Bentham & Hooker 1883</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14690#page/309/mode/1up">Vol. 3, Part 2. Liliaceae pp. 748–836</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_pp.&nbsp;798–807]-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_pp.&nbsp;798–807]_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenthamHooker1883">Bentham & Hooker 1883</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14690#page/359/mode/1up">Vol. 3, Part 2. Allieae pp. 798–807</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Agapantheae_p.&nbsp;798]-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page359mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Agapantheae_p.&nbsp;798]_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenthamHooker1883">Bentham & Hooker 1883</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14690#page/359/mode/1up">Vol. 3, Part 2. Agapantheae p. 798</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page365mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Gilliesieae_pp.&nbsp;804–806]-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page365mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Gilliesieae_pp.&nbsp;804–806]_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenthamHooker1883">Bentham & Hooker 1883</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14690#page/365/mode/1up">Vol. 3, Part 2. Gilliesieae pp. 804–806</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page311mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_(Conspectus)_pp.&nbsp;750]-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenthamHooker1883[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14690page311mode1up_Vol._3,_Part_2._Allieae_(Conspectus)_pp.&nbsp;750]_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenthamHooker1883">Bentham & Hooker 1883</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14690#page/311/mode/1up">Vol. 3, Part 2. Allieae (Conspectus) pp. 750</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStuessy2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidb9Q2EOkw7toCpgPA47_Natural_classification_p.&nbsp;47]-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStuessy2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidb9Q2EOkw7toCpgPA47_Natural_classification_p.&nbsp;47]_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStuessy2009[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidb9Q2EOkw7toCpgPA47_Natural_classification_p.&nbsp;47]_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStuessy2009">Stuessy 2009</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b9Q2EOkw7toC&pg=PA47">Natural classification p. 47</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichler1886-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichler1886_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEichler1886">Eichler 1886</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEichler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXE0bAAAAYAAJpgPA34_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;34]-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEichler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidXE0bAAAAYAAJpgPA34_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;34]_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEichler1886">Eichler 1886</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XE0bAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA34">Liliiflorae p. 34</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5926html_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;862]-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5926html_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;862]_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5926html_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;862]_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWettstein1924">Wettstein 1924</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biolib.mpipz.mpg.de/wettstein/botanik/high/IMG_5926.html">Liliiflorae p. 862</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPax1888-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPax1888_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPax1888">Pax 1888</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page127mode1up_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;93]-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page127mode1up_Liliiflorae_p.&nbsp;93]_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngler1903">Engler 1903</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63778#page/127/mode/1up">Liliiflorae p. 93</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page130mode1up_Subfamily_Allioideae_p.&nbsp;96]-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1903[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem63778page130mode1up_Subfamily_Allioideae_p.&nbsp;96]_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngler1903">Engler 1903</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63778#page/130/mode/1up">Subfamily Allioideae p. 96</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5927html_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;863]-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5927html_Liliaceae_p.&nbsp;863]_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWettstein1924">Wettstein 1924</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biolib.mpipz.mpg.de/wettstein/botanik/high/IMG_5927.html">Liliaceae p. 863</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5937html_Amaryllidaceae_p.&nbsp;871]-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWettstein1924[httpbiolibmpipzmpgdewettsteinbotanikhighIMG_5937html_Amaryllidaceae_p.&nbsp;871]_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWettstein1924">Wettstein 1924</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biolib.mpipz.mpg.de/wettstein/botanik/high/IMG_5937.html">Amaryllidaceae p. 871</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELotsy1911[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem77531page740mode1up_Agapanthaceae,_Alliaceae,_Gilliesiaceae_pp.&nbsp;732–734]-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELotsy1911[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem77531page740mode1up_Agapanthaceae,_Alliaceae,_Gilliesiaceae_pp.&nbsp;732–734]_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLotsy1911">Lotsy 1911</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77531#page/740/mode/1up">Agapanthaceae, Alliaceae, Gilliesiaceae pp. 732–734</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid3iGndTFY0skCpgPA193_Alliaceae_pp.&nbsp;193–198]-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid3iGndTFY0skCpgPA193_Alliaceae_pp.&nbsp;193–198]_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985">Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3iGndTFY0skC&pg=PA193">Alliaceae pp. 193–198</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERahn199870–78-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahn199870–78_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRahn1998">Rahn 1998</a>, pp. 70–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkin2012-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkin2012_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkin2012">Wilkin 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorne1976-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorne1976_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorne1976">Thorne 1976</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECronquist1988-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECronquist1988_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCronquist1988">Cronquist 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorne1992-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorne1992_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorne1992">Thorne 1992</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFayChase1996-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFayChase1996_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFayChase1996_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFayChase1996">Fay & Chase 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG1998-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG1998_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPG1998">APG 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPG2003-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPG2003_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPG2003">APG 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamenetsky2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK0LNBQAAQBAJpgPA25_p.&nbsp;25]-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamenetsky2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidK0LNBQAAQBAJpgPA25_p.&nbsp;25]_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKamenetsky2012">Kamenetsky 2012</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K0LNBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25">p. 25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman2006-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman2006_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman2006_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeerowSnijman2006">Meerow & Snijman 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2007-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2007_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeerow_et_al.2007">Meerow et al. 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2009-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2009_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2009_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase_et_al.2009">Chase et al. 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens2016[httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchAPwebordersasparagaleswebhtmAmaryllidaceae_Amaryllidaceae]-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens2016[httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchAPwebordersasparagaleswebhtmAmaryllidaceae_Amaryllidaceae]_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens2016[httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchAPwebordersasparagaleswebhtmAmaryllidaceae_Amaryllidaceae]_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens2016">Stevens 2016</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia_et_al2014-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia_et_al2014_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarcia_et_al2014">Garcia et al 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETraub1963-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETraub1963_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTraub1963">Traub 1963</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDahlgrenCliffordYeo1985">Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller-DobliesMüller-Doblies1996-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller-DobliesMüller-Doblies1996_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMüller-DobliesMüller-Doblies1996">Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHickeyKing1997[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidnhQQho64fxYCpgPA152_p.&nbsp;177]-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHickeyKing1997[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidnhQQho64fxYCpgPA152_p.&nbsp;177]_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHickeyKing1997[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidnhQQho64fxYCpgPA152_p.&nbsp;177]_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHickeyKing1997">Hickey & King 1997</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhQQho64fxYC&pg=PA152">p. 177</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman1998-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerowSnijman1998_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeerowSnijman1998">Meerow & Snijman 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al.2000b_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeerow_et_al.2000b">Meerow et al. 2000b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2006a-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2006a_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeerow_et_al2006a">Meerow et al 2006a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeberWilkin2007-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeberWilkin2007_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeberWilkin2007">Weber & Wilkin 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2004-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeerow_et_al2004_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeerow_et_al2004">Meerow et al 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPBS2012[httpwwwpacificbulbsocietyorgpbswikiindexphpClinanthus_''Clinanthus'']-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPBS2012[httpwwwpacificbulbsocietyorgpbswikiindexphpClinanthus_''Clinanthus'']_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPBS2012">PBS 2012</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Clinanthus"><i>Clinanthus</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByng2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidyoLaBAAAQBAJpgPA84_Amaryllidaceae]-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByng2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidyoLaBAAAQBAJpgPA84_Amaryllidaceae]_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByng2014">Byng 2014</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoLaBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA84">Amaryllidaceae</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Plant_List2013-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Plant_List2013_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Plant_List2013">The Plant List 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xie2020-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xie2020_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXieTanYuGui2020" class="citation journal cs1">Xie, D.F.; Tan, J.B.; Yu, Y.; Gui, L.J.; Su, D.M.; Zhou, S.D.; He, X.J. (2020). "Insights into phylogeny, age and evolution of <i>Allium</i> (Amaryllidaceae) based on the whole plastome sequences". <i>Annals of Botany</i>. <b>125</b> (7): 1039–1055. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcaa024">10.1093/aob/mcaa024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Insights+into+phylogeny%2C+age+and+evolution+of+Allium+%28Amaryllidaceae%29+based+on+the+whole+plastome+sequences&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1039-1055&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcaa024&rft.aulast=Xie&rft.aufirst=D.F.&rft.au=Tan%2C+J.B.&rft.au=Yu%2C+Y.&rft.au=Gui%2C+L.J.&rft.au=Su%2C+D.M.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+S.D.&rft.au=He%2C+X.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pigg2018-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pigg2018_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_B._PiggFinley_A._BryanMelanie_L._DeVore2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kathleen B. Pigg; Finley A. Bryan; Melanie L. DeVore (2018). "<i>Paleoallium billgenseli</i> gen. et sp. nov.: fossil monocot remains from the latest Early Eocene Republic Flora, northeastern Washington State, USA". <i>International Journal of Plant Sciences</i>. <b>179</b> (6): 477–486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F697898">10.1086/697898</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:91055581">91055581</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Plant+Sciences&rft.atitle=Paleoallium+billgenseli+gen.+et+sp.+nov.%3A+fossil+monocot+remains+from+the+latest+Early+Eocene+Republic+Flora%2C+northeastern+Washington+State%2C+USA&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=477-486&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F697898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A91055581%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Kathleen+B.+Pigg&rft.au=Finley+A.+Bryan&rft.au=Melanie+L.+DeVore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical">Historical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1753" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, C.</a> (1753). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669#/summary"><i>Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</i></a>. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Species+Plantarum%3A+exhibentes+plantas+rite+cognitas%2C+ad+genera+relatas%2C+cum+differentiis+specificis%2C+nominibus+trivialibus%2C+synonymis+selectis%2C+locis+natalibus%2C+secundum+systema+sexuale+digestas&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Impensis+Laurentii+Salvii&rft.date=1753&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F669%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span> see also <a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdanson1763" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adans." class="mw-redirect" title="Adans.">Adanson, Michel</a> (1763). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/271#/summary"><i>Familles des plantes</i></a>. Paris: Vincent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Familles+des+plantes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Vincent&rft.date=1763&rft.aulast=Adanson&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F271%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/521/mode/1up">Table of 58 families, Part II: Page 1</a></dd> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/528/mode/1up">Table of 1615 genera, Part II: Page 8</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJussieu1789" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu" title="Antoine Laurent de Jussieu">Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de</a> (1789). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/284"><i>Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genera+Plantarum%2C+secundum+ordines+naturales+disposita+juxta+methodum+in+Horto+Regio+Parisiensi+exaratam&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=apud+viduam+Herissant+et+Theophilum+Barrois&rft.date=1789&rft.aulast=Jussieu&rft.aufirst=Antoine+Laurent+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaume_Saint-Hilaire1805" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jaume_Saint-Hilaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaume Saint-Hilaire">Jaume Saint-Hilaire, Jean Henri</a> (1805). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VEQAAAAAQAAJ"><i>Exposition de familles naturales</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exposition+de+familles+naturales&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Treutel+et+W%C3%BCrtz&rft.date=1805&rft.aulast=Jaume+Saint-Hilaire&rft.aufirst=Jean+Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVEQAAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1810" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Brown, Robert</a> (1810). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/3678#/summary"><i>Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum</i></a>. London: Taylor<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prodromus+florae+Novae+Hollandiae+et+Insulae+Van-Diemen%2C+exhibens+characteres+plantarum&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Taylor&rft.date=1810&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F3678%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCandolle1813" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/A._P._de_Candolle" class="mw-redirect" title="A. P. de Candolle">Candolle, A. P. de</a> (1813). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/39705#/summary"><i>Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux</i></a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: Baldwin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+natural+arrangement+of+British+plants%3A+according+to+their+relations+to+each+other+as+pointed+out+by+Jussieu%2C+De+Candolle%2C+Brown%2C+%26c.+including+those+cultivated+for+use%3B+with+an+introduction+to+botany%2C+in+which+the+terms+newly+introduced+are+explained&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Baldwin&rft.date=1821&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F43804%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindley1830" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">Lindley, John</a> (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7551"><i>An introduction to the natural system of botany : or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom : together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the arts, and rural or domestic economy</i></a>. 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London: Bell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Amaryllide%C3%A6+including+the+Alstr%C5%93merie%C3%A6+and+Agave%C3%A6&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bell&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=John+Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F15516%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglerPrantl1888" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Engler, Adolf</a>; Prantl, Karl, eds. (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4635#/summary"><i>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten 1887–1915 II(5)</i></a>. Leipzig: W. Engelmann<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Leipzig: Engelmann<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Pflanzenreich+%3Aregni+vegetablilis+conspectus&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Engelmann&rft.date=1900%2F1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F250%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngler1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Engler, Adolf</a>, ed. (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/22956#/summary"><i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das gesamte Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik</i></a> (3 ed.). Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syllabus+der+Pflanzenfamilien%3A+eine+%C3%9Cbersicht+%C3%BCber+das+gesamte+Pflanzensystem+mit+Ber%C3%BCcksichtigung+der+Medicinal-+und+Nutzpflanzen+nebst+einer+%C3%9Cbersicht+%C3%BCber+die+Florenreiche+und+Florengebiete+der+Erde+zum+Gebrauch+bei+Vorlesungen+und+Studien+%C3%BCber+specielle+und+medicinisch-pharmaceutische+Botanik&rft.place=Berlin&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Gebr%C3%BCder+Borntraeger+Verlag&rft.date=1903&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F22956%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWettstein1924" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wettstein" title="Richard Wettstein">Wettstein, Richard</a> (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218170153/http://biolib.mpipz.mpg.de/library/authors/author_00267_de.html"><i>Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik 2 vols</i></a> (3rd ed.). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biolib.mpipz.mpg.de/library/authors/author_00267_de.html">the original</a> on 18 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+Systematischen+Botanik+2+vols&rft.edition=3rd&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Wettstein&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiolib.mpipz.mpg.de%2Flibrary%2Fauthors%2Fauthor_00267_de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern">Modern</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByng2014" class="citation book cs1">Byng, James W. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoLaBAAAQBAJ"><i>The Flowering Plants Handbook: A Practical Guide to Families and Genera of the World</i></a>. Plant Gateway Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0992999308" title="Special:BookSources/978-0992999308"><bdi>978-0992999308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Flowering+Plants+Handbook%3A+A+Practical+Guide+to+Families+and+Genera+of+the+World&rft.pub=Plant+Gateway+Ltd&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0992999308&rft.aulast=Byng&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoLaBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLotsy1911" class="citation book cs1">Lotsy, J. P. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/33103#/summary"><i>Vorträge über botanische stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein lehrbuch der pflanzensystematick. III Cormophyta Siphonogamia</i></a>. Jena: G. Fischer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vortr%C3%A4ge+%C3%BCber+botanische+stammesgeschichte%2C+gehalten+an+der+Reichsuniversit%C3%A4t+zu+Leiden.+Ein+lehrbuch+der+pflanzensystematick.+III+Cormophyta+Siphonogamia&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=G.+Fischer&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Lotsy&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F33103%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">Hutchinson, John</a> (1934). <i>The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+families+of+flowering+plants%2C+arranged+according+to+a+new+system+based+on+their+probable+phylogeny.+2+vols&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span> Volume 1: <a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocotyledonae</a> 1926, Volume 2: <a href="/wiki/Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon">Dicotyledonae</a> 1934.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson1959" class="citation book cs1">Hutchinson, John (1959). <i>The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols</i> (2 ed.). Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+families+of+flowering+plants%2C+arranged+according+to+a+new+system+based+on+their+probable+phylogeny.+2+vols&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson1973" class="citation book cs1">Hutchinson, John (1973). <i>The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols</i> (3 ed.). Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+families+of+flowering+plants%2C+arranged+according+to+a+new+system+based+on+their+probable+phylogeny.+2+vols&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronquist1981" class="citation book cs1">Cronquist, A (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/integratedsystem0000cron"><i>An integrated system of classification of flowering plants</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231038805" title="Special:BookSources/9780231038805"><bdi>9780231038805</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+integrated+system+of+classification+of+flowering+plants&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780231038805&rft.aulast=Cronquist&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintegratedsystem0000cron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronquist1988" class="citation book cs1">Cronquist, Arthur (1988). <i>The evolution and classification of flowering plants</i> (2 ed.). 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Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. pp. 70–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-662-03533-7_9">10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64060-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64060-8"><bdi>978-3-540-64060-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alliaceae&rft.btitle=Flowering+Plants+%C2%B7+Monocotyledons&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Germany&rft.pages=70-78&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-662-03533-7_9&rft.isbn=978-3-540-64060-8&rft.aulast=Rahn&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%252F978-3-662-03533-7_9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeerowSnijman1998" class="citation book cs1">Meerow, Alan; Snijman, Deirdré (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_11">"Amaryllidaceae"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Kubitzki" title="Klaus Kubitzki">Kubitzki, K.</a> (ed.). <i>Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons</i>. Vol. 3. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. pp. 83–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-662-03533-7_11">10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64060-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64060-8"><bdi>978-3-540-64060-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240114483">240114483</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amaryllidaceae&rft.btitle=Flowering+Plants+%C2%B7+Monocotyledons&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Germany&rft.pages=83-110&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240114483%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-662-03533-7_11&rft.isbn=978-3-540-64060-8&rft.aulast=Meerow&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Snijman%2C+Deirdr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-662-03533-7_11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossi1990" class="citation book cs1">Rossi, Rosella (1990). <i>Guía de bulbos</i>. Barcelona: Grijalbo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8425321658" title="Special:BookSources/978-8425321658"><bdi>978-8425321658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%ADa+de+bulbos&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pub=Grijalbo&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-8425321658&rft.aulast=Rossi&rft.aufirst=Rosella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamenetsky2012" class="citation book cs1">Rina Kamenetsky; Hiroshi Okubo, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5B-ucdbgA3wC"><i>Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-4924-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-4924-8"><bdi>978-1-4398-4924-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ornamental+Geophytes%3A+From+Basic+Science+to+Sustainable+Production&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4398-4924-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5B-ucdbgA3wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6359004/Meerow_-_Ch_2_Ornamental_geophytes_Taxonomy_and_Phylogeny">Chapter 2. Alan Meerow. Taxonomy and Phylogeny. pp. 17–55</a></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimitri1987" class="citation book cs1">Dimitri, M (1987). <i><span></span></i>Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería.<i> Tomo I. Descripción de plantas cultivadas</i>. Buenos Aires: Editorial ACME S.A.C.I.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enciclopedia+Argentina+de+Agricultura+y+Jardiner%C3%ADa.+Tomo+I.+Descripci%C3%B3n+de+plantas+cultivadas&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Editorial+ACME+S.A.C.I.&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Dimitri&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span> see <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_Argentina_de_Agricultura_y_Jardiner%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="es:Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería">Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGary2001" class="citation book cs1">McGary, Mary Jane (2001). <i>Bulbs of North America</i>. Timber Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-511-1"><bdi>978-0-88192-511-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulbs+of+North+America&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-88192-511-1&rft.aulast=McGary&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickeyKing1997" class="citation book cs1">Hickey, Michael; King, Clive (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhQQho64fxYC"><i>Common families of flowering plants</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521576093" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521576093"><bdi>978-0521576093</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Common+families+of+flowering+plants&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0521576093&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=King%2C+Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhQQho64fxYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuessy2009" class="citation book cs1">Stuessy, Tod F. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0bYs8F0Mb9gC"><i>Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14712-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14712-5"><bdi>978-0-231-14712-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+Taxonomy%3A+The+Systematic+Evaluation+of+Comparative+Data&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-231-14712-5&rft.aulast=Stuessy&rft.aufirst=Tod+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0bYs8F0Mb9gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeerow_et_al.2000a" class="citation book cs1">Meerow, Alan W.; Fay, Michael F.; Chase, Mark W.; Guy, Charles L.; Li, Qin-Bao; Snijman, Deirdre; Yang, Si-Lin (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YzQBUQqLS0YC&pg=PA372"><i>Phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae: Molecules and morphology</i></a>. Csiro. pp. 372–386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780643099296" title="Special:BookSources/9780643099296"><bdi>9780643099296</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phylogeny+of+Amaryllidaceae%3A+Molecules+and+morphology&rft.pages=372-386&rft.pub=Csiro&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780643099296&rft.aulast=Meerow&rft.aufirst=Alan+W.&rft.au=Fay%2C+Michael+F.&rft.au=Chase%2C+Mark+W.&rft.au=Guy%2C+Charles+L.&rft.au=Li%2C+Qin-Bao&rft.au=Snijman%2C+Deirdre&rft.au=Yang%2C+Si-Lin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYzQBUQqLS0YC%26pg%3DPA372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span>, in <a href="#CITEREFWilsonMorrison2000">Wilson & Morrison (2000)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeerow" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Meerow" title="Alan Meerow">Meerow, Alan</a>. <i>Towards a phylogeny of the Amaryllidaceae</i>. pp. 169–179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+a+phylogeny+of+the+Amaryllidaceae&rft.pages=169-179&rft.aulast=Meerow&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span>, in <a href="#CITEREFRudallCribbCutlerHumphries1995">Rudall et al. (1995)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPax1888" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Pax">Pax, Ferdinand</a> (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56456#page/759/mode/1up"><i>Amaryllidaceae</i></a>. Vol. Teil 2, Abt. 1–6. W. Engelmann. pp. 97–124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amaryllidaceae&rft.pages=97-124&rft.pub=W.+Engelmann&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Pax&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F56456%23page%2F759%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span>, in <a href="#CITEREFEnglerPrantl1888">Engler & Prantl (1888)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraub1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Traub" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Traub">Traub, H.P.</a> (1963). <i>Genera of the Amaryllidaceae</i>. La Jolla, California: <a href="/wiki/American_Plant_Life_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="American Plant Life Society">American Plant Life Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genera+of+the+Amaryllidaceae&rft.place=La+Jolla%2C+California&rft.pub=American+Plant+Life+Society&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Traub&rft.aufirst=H.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symposia">Symposia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Symposia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudallCribbCutlerHumphries1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paula_Rudall" title="Paula Rudall">Rudall, P.J.</a>; Cribb, P.J.; Cutler, D.F.; Humphries, C.J., eds. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/M/bo9856357.html"><i>Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, Kew 1993)</i></a>. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-947643-85-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-947643-85-0"><bdi>978-0-947643-85-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monocotyledons%3A+systematics+and+evolution+%28Proceedings+of+the+International+Symposium+on+Monocotyledons%3A+Systematics+and+Evolution%2C+Kew+1993%29&rft.place=Kew&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-947643-85-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.uchicago.edu%2Fucp%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2Fdistributed%2FM%2Fbo9856357.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonMorrison2000" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, K. L.; Morrison, D. A., eds. (19 May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publish.csiro.au/pid/2424.htm"><i>Monocots: Systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Sydney, Australia 1998)</i></a>. Collingwood, Australia: <a href="/wiki/CSIRO" title="CSIRO">CSIRO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-06437-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-643-06437-9"><bdi>978-0-643-06437-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monocots%3A+Systematics+and+evolution+%28Proceedings+of+the+Second+International+Conference+on+the+Comparative+Biology+of+the+Monocotyledons%2C+Sydney%2C+Australia+1998%29&rft.place=Collingwood%2C+Australia&rft.pub=CSIRO&rft.date=2000-05-19&rft.isbn=978-0-643-06437-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publish.csiro.au%2Fpid%2F2424.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YzQBUQqLS0YC">Excerpts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_and_theses">Articles and theses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Articles and theses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutlerGregory1983" class="citation journal cs1">Cutler, David F.; Gregory, Mary (13 October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7751%2Ftelopea19834408">"Current anatomical research in Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Telopea_(journal)" title="Telopea (journal)">Telopea</a></i>. <b>2</b> (4): 425–452. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7751%2Ftelopea19834408">10.7751/telopea19834408</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telopea&rft.atitle=Current+anatomical+research+in+Liliaceae%2C+Amaryllidaceae+and+Iridaceae&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=425-452&rft.date=1983-10-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7751%2Ftelopea19834408&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft.au=Gregory%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7751%252Ftelopea19834408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFayChase1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_F_Fay" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael F Fay">Fay, Michael F.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_W_Chase" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark W Chase">Chase, Mark W.</a> (August 1996). "Resurrection of <i>Themidaceae</i> for the <i>Brodiaea</i> alliance, and Recircumscription of <i>Alliaceae</i>, <i>Amaryllidaceae</i> and <i>Agapanthoideae</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/Taxon_(journal)" title="Taxon (journal)">Taxon</a></i>. <b>45</b> (3): 441–451. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1224136">10.2307/1224136</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1224136">1224136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=Resurrection+of+Themidaceae+for+the+Brodiaea+alliance%2C+and+Recircumscription+of+Alliaceae%2C+Amaryllidaceae+and+Agapanthoideae&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=441-451&rft.date=1996-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1224136&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1224136%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rft.au=Chase%2C+Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia_et_al2014" class="citation journal cs1">García, Nicolás; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Meerow" title="Alan Meerow">Meerow, Alan W.</a>; Soltis, Douglas E.; <a href="/wiki/Pamela_S._Soltis" title="Pamela S. Soltis">Soltis, Pamela S.</a> (1 March 2014). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aliso&rft.atitle=The+never-ending+story%3A+multigene+approaches+to+the+phylogeny+of+Amaryllidaceae&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=355-366&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5642%2Faliso.20062201.29&rft.aulast=Meerow&rft.aufirst=Alan+W.&rft.au=Snijman%2C+Deirdre+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnaldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov%2Fnaldc%2Fdownload.xhtml%3Fid%3D2425%26content%3DPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeerow_et_al.2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Meerow" title="Alan Meerow">Meerow, Alan W.</a>; Reveal, James L.; Snijman, Deirdre A.; Dutilh, Julie H. (November 2007). "(1793) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Amaryllidaceae</i> against <i>Alliaceae</i>, a "superconservation" proposal". <i><a href="/wiki/Taxon_(journal)" title="Taxon (journal)">Taxon</a></i>. <b>56</b> (4): 1299–1300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25065925">10.2307/25065925</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25065925">25065925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=%281793%29+Proposal+to+conserve+the+name+Amaryllidaceae+against+Alliaceae%2C+a+%22superconservation%22+proposal&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1299-1300&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F25065925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25065925%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Meerow&rft.aufirst=Alan+W.&rft.au=Reveal%2C+James+L.&rft.au=Snijman%2C+Deirdre+A.&rft.au=Dutilh%2C+Julie+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller-DobliesMüller-Doblies1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_M%C3%BCller-Doblies" title="Dietrich Müller-Doblies">Müller-Doblies, Dietrich</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ute_M%C3%BCller-Doblies" title="Ute Müller-Doblies">Müller-Doblies, Ute</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28292204">"Studies on tribal systematics of Amaryllidoideae: 1. The systematic position of <i>Lapiedra</i> Lag"</a>. <i>Lagascalia</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 13–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lagascalia&rft.atitle=Studies+on+tribal+systematics+of+Amaryllidoideae%3A+1.+The+systematic+position+of+Lapiedra+Lag&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-23&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller-Doblies&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rft.au=M%C3%BCller-Doblies%2C+Ute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F28292204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller-DobliesMüller-Doblies1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ute_M%C3%BCller-Doblies" title="Ute Müller-Doblies">Müller-Doblies, U.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_M%C3%BCller-Doblies" title="Dietrich Müller-Doblies">Müller-Doblies, D.</a> (1996). "Tribes and subtribes and some species combinations in Amaryllidaceae J St Hil R Dahlgren & al. 1985". <i>Feddes Repertorium</i>. <b>107</b> (5–6): S.c.1–S.c.9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feddes+Repertorium&rft.atitle=Tribes+and+subtribes+and+some+species+combinations+in+Amaryllidaceae+J+St+Hil+R+Dahlgren+%26+al.+1985&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=S.c.1-S.c.9&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller-Doblies&rft.aufirst=U.&rft.au=M%C3%BCller-Doblies%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorne1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F_Thorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F Thorne">Thorne, Robert F.</a> (1976). "A Phylogenetic Classification of the Angiospermae". <i>Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style</i>. Vol. 9. pp. 35–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-6950-3_2">10.1007/978-1-4615-6950-3_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-6952-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-6952-7"><bdi>978-1-4615-6952-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2645363">2645363</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19208237">19208237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Phylogenetic+Classification+of+the+Angiospermae&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+morphology+of+the+rattlesnake+style&rft.pages=35-106&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2645363%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19208237&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4615-6950-3_2&rft.isbn=978-1-4615-6952-7&rft.aulast=Thorne&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorne1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F_Thorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F Thorne">Thorne, R. F.</a> (1992). "Classification and geography of the flowering plants". <i>The Botanical Review</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 225–348. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02858611">10.1007/BF02858611</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40348158">40348158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Botanical+Review&rft.atitle=Classification+and+geography+of+the+flowering+plants&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=225-348&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02858611&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40348158%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thorne&rft.aufirst=R.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeberWilkin2007" class="citation journal cs1">Weber, Odile; Wilkin, Paul (May 2007). "588. <i>Stenomesson pearcei</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/Curtis%27s_Botanical_Magazine" title="Curtis's Botanical Magazine">Curtis's Botanical Magazine</a></i>. <b>24</b> (2): 114–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8748.2007.00572.x">10.1111/j.1467-8748.2007.00572.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curtis%27s+Botanical+Magazine&rft.atitle=588.+Stenomesson+pearcei&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=114-120&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8748.2007.00572.x&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Odile&rft.au=Wilkin%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrydom2005" class="citation book cs1">Strydom, Aéle (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430003520/http://etd.uovs.ac.za/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-09122006-103922/unrestricted/StrydomA.pdf"><i>Phylogenetic relationships in the family Amaryllidaceae</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etd.uovs.ac.za/ETD-db//theses/available/etd-09122006-103922/unrestricted/StrydomA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PhD thesis)</span> on 30 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+in+the+family+Amaryllidaceae&rft.pub=Department+of+Plant+Sciences%2C+University+of+the+Free+State&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Strydom&rft.aufirst=A%C3%A9le&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetd.uovs.ac.za%2FETD-db%2F%2Ftheses%2Favailable%2Fetd-09122006-103922%2Funrestricted%2FStrydomA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="APG_system">APG system</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: APG system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPG1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/2234">"An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden">Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</a></i>. <b>85</b> (4): 531–553. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2992015">10.2307/2992015</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2992015">2992015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft.atitle=An+ordinal+classification+for+the+families+of+flowering+plants&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=531-553&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2992015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2992015%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpart%2F2234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPG2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x">"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" title="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</a></i>. <b>141</b> (4): 399–436. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x">10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+II&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=399-436&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPG2009" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> (2009). 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Fay">Fay, M.F.</a> (2009). "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae". <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>161</b> (2): 132–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00999.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=A+subfamilial+classification+for+the+expanded+asparagalean+families+Amaryllidaceae%2C+Asparagaceae+and+Xanthorrhoeaceae&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=132-136&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00999.x&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=M.W.&rft.au=Reveal%2C+J.L.&rft.au=Fay%2C+M.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonstedSymondsBirkholmChristensen2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ronsted, N; Symonds, MR; Birkholm, T; Christensen, SB; Meerow, AW (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499480">"Can phylogeny predict chemical diversity and potential medicinal activity of plants? A case study of Amaryllidaceae"</a>. <i>BMC Evol Biol</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-12-182">10.1186/1471-2148-12-182</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499480">3499480</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22978363">22978363</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evol+Biol&rft.atitle=Can+phylogeny+predict+chemical+diversity+and+potential+medicinal+activity+of+plants%3F+A+case+study+of+Amaryllidaceae&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=182&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3499480%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22978363&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-12-182&rft.aulast=Ronsted&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Symonds%2C+MR&rft.au=Birkholm%2C+T&rft.au=Christensen%2C+SB&rft.au=Meerow%2C+AW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3499480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakosRook2013" class="citation journal cs1">Takos, Adam; Rook, Fred (31 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709753">"Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use"</a>. <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i>. <b>14</b> (6): 11713–11741. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijms140611713">10.3390/ijms140611713</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709753">3709753</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23727937">23727937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Molecular+Sciences&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Molecular+Understanding+of+the+Biosynthesis+of+Amaryllidaceae+Alkaloids+in+Support+of+Their+Expanding+Medical+Use&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=11713-11741&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3709753%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23727937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijms140611713&rft.aulast=Takos&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Rook%2C+Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3709753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites">Websites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Websites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigneron" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vigneron, Pascal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104114211/http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/index.htm">"Amaryllidaceae"</a>. <i>Amaryllidaceae.org</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amaryllidaceae.org//index.htm">the original</a> on 4 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amaryllidaceae.org&rft.atitle=Amaryllidaceae&rft.aulast=Vigneron&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amaryllidaceae.org%2F%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeerow2009" class="citation web cs1">Meerow, A (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Amaryllidaceae.htm">"Neotropical Amaryllidaceae"</a>. <i>Milliken, W., Klitgård, B. & Baracat, A. Neotropikey – Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliken%2C+W.%2C+Klitg%C3%A5rd%2C+B.+%26+Baracat%2C+A.+Neotropikey+%E2%80%93+Interactive+key+and+information+resources+for+flowering+plants+of+the+Neotropics&rft.atitle=Neotropical+Amaryllidaceae&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Meerow&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fscience%2Ftropamerica%2Fneotropikey%2Ffamilies%2FAmaryllidaceae.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutilh2009" class="citation web cs1">Dutilh, J.H.A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Alliaceae.htm">"Neotropical Alliaceae"</a>. <i>Milliken, W., Klitgård, B. & Baracat, A. Neotropikey – Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliken%2C+W.%2C+Klitg%C3%A5rd%2C+B.+%26+Baracat%2C+A.+Neotropikey+%E2%80%93+Interactive+key+and+information+resources+for+flowering+plants+of+the+Neotropics&rft.atitle=Neotropical+Alliaceae&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Dutilh&rft.aufirst=J.H.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fscience%2Ftropamerica%2Fneotropikey%2Ffamilies%2FAlliaceae.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus_Sexual_System2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cronklab.wikidot.com/linnaeus-sexual-system">"Linnaeus Sexual System"</a>. <i>CronkLab</i>. Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CronkLab&rft.atitle=Linnaeus+Sexual+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcronklab.wikidot.com%2Flinnaeus-sexual-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFICN2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">ICN</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=title">"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy" title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy&rft.date=2011&rft.au=ICN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fmain.php%3Fpage%3Dtitle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPBS2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/">"Pacific Bulb Society"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Bulb_Society" title="Pacific Bulb Society">Pacific Bulb Society</a>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pacific+Bulb+Society&rft.pub=Pacific+Bulb+Society&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificbulbsociety.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Databases">Databases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Databases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Plant_List2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Amaryllidaceae/">"Amaryllidaceae"</a>. <i>The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1</i>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+List+%282013%29.+Version+1.1.&rft.atitle=Amaryllidaceae&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2F1.1%2Fbrowse%2FA%2FAmaryllidaceae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do">"Quick Search"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families" title="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Checklist+of+Selected+Plant+Families&rft.atitle=Quick+Search&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.kew.org%2Fwcsp%2Fhome.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2016" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_F_Stevens" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter F Stevens">Stevens, P.F.</a> (2016) [2001]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/"><i>Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Botanical Gardens">Missouri Botanical Gardens</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Website&rft.pub=Missouri+Botanical+Gardens&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=P.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2Fmobot%2Fresearch%2Fapweb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkin2012" class="citation web cs1">Wilkin, Paul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026154849/http://e-monocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:family:81">"Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil"</a>. <i>eMonocot</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-monocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:family:81">the original</a> on 26 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eMonocot&rft.atitle=Amaryllidaceae+J.St.-Hil&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Wilkin&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-monocot.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Akew.org%3Awcs%3Afamily%3A81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFeMonocot2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304161517/http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/">"Amaryllidaceae: A taxonomic tool for the Amaryllidaceae of the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EMonocot" title="EMonocot">eMonocot</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amaryllidaceae%3A+A+taxonomic+tool+for+the+Amaryllidaceae+of+the+world&rft.pub=eMonocot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/30000959-2">"Amaryllidaceae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=Amaryllidaceae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F30000959-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaryllidaceae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaryllidaceae&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amaryllidaceae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/File:Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG/24px-Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG/36px-Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG/48px-Allium_aflatunense_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span> Subdivisions of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amaryllidaceae</a> family, with <i>type genus</i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agapanthoideae" title="Agapanthoideae">Agapanthoideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus" title="Agapanthus">Agapanthus</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allioideae" title="Allioideae">Allioideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allieae" title="Allieae">Allieae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allium" title="Allium">Allium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tulbaghieae" title="Tulbaghieae">Tulbaghieae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulbaghia" title="Tulbaghia">Tulbaghia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilliesieae" title="Gilliesieae">Gilliesieae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gilliesia" title="Gilliesia">Gilliesia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidoideae" title="Amaryllidoideae">Amaryllidoideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amaryllideae" title="Amaryllideae">Amaryllideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaryllidinae">Amaryllidinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaryllis" title="Amaryllis">Amaryllis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boophoninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Boophoninae">Boophoninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boophone" title="Boophone">Boophone</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strumariinae" 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haemantheae" title="Haemantheae">Haemantheae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cliviinae" title="Cliviinae">Cliviinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Clivia" title="Clivia">Clivia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haemanthinae" title="Haemanthinae">Haemanthinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haemanthus" title="Haemanthus">Haemanthus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gethyllidinae" title="Gethyllidinae">Gethyllidinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gethyllis" title="Gethyllis">Gethyllis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calostemmateae" title="Calostemmateae">Calostemmateae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calostemma" title="Calostemma">Calostemma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lycorideae" title="Lycorideae">Lycorideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycoris_(plant)" title="Lycoris (plant)">Lycoris</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galantheae" title="Galantheae">Galantheae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galanthus" title="Galanthus">Galanthus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancratieae" title="Pancratieae">Pancratieae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pancratium_(plant)" title="Pancratium (plant)">Pancratium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Narcisseae" title="Narcisseae">Narcisseae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hippeastrum" title="Hippeastrum">Hippeastrum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traubiinae" title="Traubiinae">Traubiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Traubia" title="Traubia">Traubia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eustephieae" title="Eustephieae">Eustephieae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eustephia" title="Eustephia">Eustephia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharideae" title="Eucharideae">Eucharideae</a><br />(including <a href="/wiki/Stenomesseae" title="Stenomesseae">Stenomesseae</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eucharis_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharis (plant)">Eucharis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clinantheae" title="Clinantheae">Clinantheae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Clinanthus" title="Clinanthus">Clinanthus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hymenocallideae" title="Hymenocallideae">Hymenocallideae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hymenocallis" title="Hymenocallis">Hymenocallis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Amaryllidaceae" title="Category:Amaryllidaceae">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Families_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;;background:#90EE90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Template:Angiosperm families"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angiosperm_families" title="Template talk:Angiosperm families"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angiosperm families"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Families_of_flowering_plants_(APG_IV)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Families of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> (<a href="/wiki/APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">APG IV</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li>Supergroup <a href="/wiki/Template:Plant_classification" title="Template:Plant classification">Plant</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bryophyta" title="Template:Bryophyta">Bryophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Marchantiophyta" title="Template:Marchantiophyta">Marchantiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fern_classification" title="Template:Fern classification">Polypodiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Acrogymnospermae_classification" title="Template:Acrogymnospermae classification">Acrogymnospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Template:Angiosperm families">Angiospermae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>angio<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>sperms</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellaceae">Amborellaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydatellaceae" title="Hydatellaceae">Hydatellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabombaceae" title="Cabombaceae">Cabombaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrobaileyaceae">Austrobaileyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimeniaceae" title="Trimeniaceae">Trimeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="margin:+20px; position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"> <a href="/wiki/Mesangiospermae" title="Mesangiospermae">Mesangiospermae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Chloranthidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chloranthales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Lilidae</b> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">Orchidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amaryllidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Ceratophyllidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ceratophyllales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rosids" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vitales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asterids" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Angiosperm_families" title="Category:Angiosperm families">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Amaryllidaceae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155848" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q155848">Q155848</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/121004">121004</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Tropical_Rainforest_Plants" title="Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants">ATRF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Amaryllidaceae.htm">Amaryllidaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id3379">3379</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=122204">122204</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/694">694</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/8187">8187</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1AMYF">1AMYF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/22779">22779</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10032">10032</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10032">10032</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7682">7682</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=49">49</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/55849">55849</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/30000959-2">30000959-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119252">119252</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=182703">182703</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000172122">NBNSYS0000172122</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4668">4668</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/472c082e-e897-4929-863f-ede768d05cc4">472c082e-e897-4929-863f-ede768d05cc4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=17701">17701</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55831">55831</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B52EA06B-6351-5967-A70E-6207EA372BF1">B52EA06B-6351-5967-A70E-6207EA372BF1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000959-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000959-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/42000442">42000442</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/80">80</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/012b7de8-b46e-4793-8ee4-60bf3791cb4e">012b7de8-b46e-4793-8ee4-60bf3791cb4e</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Watson & Dallwitz: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/amarylli.htm">amarylli</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-7000000018">wfo-7000000018</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414755">414755</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155848#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amaryllisgewächse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4142160-7">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amaryllidaceae"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85004113">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amaryllidacées"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122585004">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amaryllidacées"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122585004">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563146">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="amarylkovité"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph520049&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amarilidáceas"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX531338">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000207110&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294755405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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