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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prif ddewislen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Dwysiambraeth" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Dwysiambraeth" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Dwysiambraeth" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Dwysiambraeth" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cyfraniadau</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Esblygiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esblygiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Esblygiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esblygiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rheswm_dros_Dwysiambraeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rheswm_dros_Dwysiambraeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rheswm dros Dwysiambraeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rheswm_dros_Dwysiambraeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Y_gwahanol_fathau_o_Ddwysiambraeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Y_gwahanol_fathau_o_Ddwysiambraeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Y gwahanol fathau o Ddwysiambraeth</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Y_gwahanol_fathau_o_Ddwysiambraeth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Y gwahanol fathau o Ddwysiambraeth</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Y_gwahanol_fathau_o_Ddwysiambraeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ffederaliaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ffederaliaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ffederaliaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ffederaliaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dwysiambraeth_Tirfeddiannol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dwysiambraeth_Tirfeddiannol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dwysiambraeth Tirfeddiannol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dwysiambraeth_Tirfeddiannol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achosion_eraill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achosion_eraill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Achosion eraill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achosion_eraill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refferendwm_Iwerddon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refferendwm_Iwerddon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Refferendwm Iwerddon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refferendwm_Iwerddon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deddfwrfeydd_Dwysiambr_Gwledydd_Annibynnol_Ewrop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deddfwrfeydd_Dwysiambr_Gwledydd_Annibynnol_Ewrop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Deddfwrfeydd Dwysiambr Gwledydd Annibynnol Ewrop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deddfwrfeydd_Dwysiambr_Gwledydd_Annibynnol_Ewrop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gweler_hefyd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gweler_hefyd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gweler hefyd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gweler_hefyd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dolenni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dwysiambraeth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 58 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="برلمان من مجلسين - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلمان من مجلسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralismu" title="Bicameralismu - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bicameralismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ki_palatal%C4%B1_parlament" title="İki palatalı parlament - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İki palatalı parlament" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Двухпалатны парламент - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Двухпалатны парламент" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_pangk%C3%A8ng_dua" title="Sistim pangkèng dua - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sistim pangkèng dua" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="দ্বিকক্ষ আইনসভা - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিকক্ষ আইনসভা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvodomni_sistem" title="Dvodomni sistem - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dvodomni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralitat" title="Bicameralitat - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bicameralitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikameralismus" title="Bikameralismus - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bikameralismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokammersystem" title="Tokammersystem - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tokammersystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweikammersystem" title="Zweikammersystem - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweikammersystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bicameralism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C4%89ambra_parlamento" title="Duĉambra parlamento - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duĉambra parlamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralidad" title="Bicameralidad - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bicameralidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahekojalisus" title="Kahekojalisus - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kahekojalisus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganbera-bitasun" title="Ganbera-bitasun - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ganbera-bitasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="دومجلسی - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دومجلسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaksikamarij%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Kaksikamarijärjestelmä - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaksikamarijärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicam%C3%A9risme" title="Bicamérisme - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bicamérisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralismo" title="Bicameralismo - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bicameralismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99" title="בית מחוקקים דו-ביתי - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית מחוקקים דו-ביתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="द्विसदनपद्धति - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्विसदनपद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_dua_kamar" title="Sistem dua kamar - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem dua kamar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralismo" title="Bicameralismo - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bicameralismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" title="両院制 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="両院制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ორპალატიანი სისტემა - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორპალატიანი სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Екі палаталы жүйе - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Екі палаталы жүйе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%9C" title="양원제 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양원제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweekummersystem" title="Zweekummersystem - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zweekummersystem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bicameralism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvej%C5%B3_r%C5%ABm%C5%B3_parlamentas" title="Dvejų rūmų parlamentas - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dvejų rūmų parlamentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Дводомен парламент - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дводомен парламент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD" title="ദ്വിമണ്ഡല സഭ - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്വിമണ്ഡല സഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwidewan" title="Dwidewan - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dwidewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="လွှတ်တော်နှစ်ရပ်စနစ် - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လွှတ်တော်နှစ်ရပ်စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="द्विसदनपद्धति - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="द्विसदनपद्धति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweekamerstelsel" title="Tweekamerstelsel - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweekamerstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokammersystem" title="Tokammersystem - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tokammersystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokammersystem" title="Tokammersystem - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tokammersystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicamerisme" title="Bicamerisme - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bicamerisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikameralizm" title="Bikameralizm - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bikameralizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="دو ایوانیت - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دو ایوانیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralismo" title="Bicameralismo - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bicameralismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bicameralism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Двухпалатный парламент - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двухпалатный парламент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameral" title="Bicameral - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bicameral" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dydhom%C3%ABsia" title="Dydhomësia - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dydhomësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Дводомни систем - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дводомни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%A5kammarsystem" title="Tvåkammarsystem - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tvåkammarsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="ஈரவை முறைமை - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரவை முறைமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2" title="ระบบสองสภา - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบสองสภา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ift_meclislilik" title="Çift meclislilik - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çift meclislilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Двопалатний парламент - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Двопалатний парламент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="دو ایوانیت - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دو ایوانیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BF_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1ng_vi%E1%BB%87n" title="Chế độ lưỡng viện - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chế độ lưỡng viện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჟირპალატამი პარლამენტი - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟირპალატამი პარლამენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" title="兩院制 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="兩院制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" title="兩院制 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="兩院制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189445#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dwysiambraeth" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dwysiambraeth"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Blwch offer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dwysiambraeth"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Dwysiambraeth" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Dwysiambraeth" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&oldid=12374889" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Dwysiambraeth&id=12374889&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDwysiambraeth"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDwysiambraeth"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Dwysiambraeth"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dwysiambraeth&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bicameral_legislatures" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Unibicameral_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Unibicameral_Map.svg/400px-Unibicameral_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Unibicameral_Map.svg/600px-Unibicameral_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Unibicameral_Map.svg/800px-Unibicameral_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#38b4d8 solid 1px; background-color:#38b4d8; color:#38b4d8;">    </span> Gwladwriaethau â deddfwrfa deusiambr.</span><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#f09c30 solid 1px; background-color:#f09c30; color:#f09c30;">    </span> Gwladwriaethau â deddfwrfa unsiambr</span><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#b0e947 solid 1px; background-color:#b0e947; color:#b0e947;">    </span> Gwladwriaethau â deddfwrfa unsiambr ond corff cynghori hefyd.</span><span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#333333 solid 1px; background-color:#333333; color:#333333;">    </span> Gwladwriaethau heb ddim deddfwrfa.</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dwysiambraeth</b> yw'r arfer o gael dwy siambr ddeddfwriaethol fel rhan o <a href="/wiki/Deddfwrfa" title="Deddfwrfa">ddeddfwrfa</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwladwriaeth" title="Gwladwriaeth">gwladwriaeth</a> neu dalaith. Yn yr ystyr hwn, senedd dwysiambr <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yw senedd neu gyngres sydd â dwy siambr: y "siambr isaf, a elwir fel arfer yn "Gynulliad Cenedlaethol", a "senedd", "siambr dirprwyon", ac ati, a "siambr uchaf", a elwir fel arfer yn senedd. Mae Iwerddon a San Steffan yn esiamplau o hyn. </p><p>Gelwir y system lle nad oes ond un siambr (fel <a href="/wiki/Senedd_Cymru" title="Senedd Cymru">Senedd Cymru</a>) yn <a href="/wiki/Unsiambraeth" title="Unsiambraeth">unsiambraeth</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esblygiad">Esblygiad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Esblygiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Esblygiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Berlin_reichstag_CP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_reichstag_CP.jpg/220px-Berlin_reichstag_CP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_reichstag_CP.jpg/330px-Berlin_reichstag_CP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_reichstag_CP.jpg/440px-Berlin_reichstag_CP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Y Bundestag, siambr isaf yr Almaen sy'n cwrdd yn <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> a chanddi 709 aelod wedi eu hethol drwy system <a href="/wiki/Cynrychiolaeth_gyfrannol" title="Cynrychiolaeth gyfrannol">Cynrychiolaeth gyfrannol</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Berlin_-_0040_-_13052015_-_Bundesrat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Berlin_-_0040_-_13052015_-_Bundesrat.jpg/220px-Berlin_-_0040_-_13052015_-_Bundesrat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Berlin_-_0040_-_13052015_-_Bundesrat.jpg/330px-Berlin_-_0040_-_13052015_-_Bundesrat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Berlin_-_0040_-_13052015_-_Bundesrat.jpg/440px-Berlin_-_0040_-_13052015_-_Bundesrat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5299" data-file-height="3532" /></a><figcaption>Bundesrat yr Almaen sydd wedi ei lleoli yn <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>. 67 sedd i'r taleithiau gyda pheth amrywiaeth i gydnabod gwahanol maint y boblogaeth</figcaption></figure> <p>Er y gellir olrhain gwreiddiau dwysiambraeth yn ôl i amser Gwlad <a href="/wiki/Groeg_Glasurol" class="mw-redirect" title="Groeg Glasurol">Groeg Glasurol</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Ymerodraeth_Rufeinig" class="mw-redirect" title="Ymerodraeth Rufeinig">Ymerodraeth Rufeinig</a>, ymddangosodd seneddau deusiambriog eu hunain yn <a href="/wiki/Ewrop" title="Ewrop">Ewrop</a> yn ystod yr <a href="/wiki/Oesoedd_Canol" class="mw-redirect" title="Oesoedd Canol">Oesoedd Canol</a>, pan oedd yn gysylltiedig â chynrychiolaeth gwahanol daleithiau teyrnas. </p><p>Mae dwysiambraeth gyfoes yn dyddio nôl i'r 17g a'r 18g.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gwrthododd sylfaenwyr <a href="/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau_America" title="Unol Daleithiau America">Unol Daleithiau America</a> unrhyw syniad o gynrychiolaeth ar wahân ar gyfer pendefigaeth gymdeithasol, ond fe wnaethant dderbyn creu Deddfwrfa dwysiambr, <a href="/wiki/Cyngres_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Cyngres yr Unol Daleithiau">Cyngres yr Unol Daleithiau</a> ("The United States Congress"). Ceir yma dau siambr: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>siambr isaf - cynrychiolaeth pob talaith yn gymesur â'r boblogaeth, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_Cynrychiolwyr_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Tŷ Cynrychiolwyr yr Unol Daleithiau">Tŷ Cynrychiolwyr yr Unol Daleithiau</a> (United States House of Representatives), 435 aelod.</dd> <dd>siambr uchaf - lle mae pob talaith yn y tŷ uchaf <a href="/wiki/Senedd_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Senedd yr Unol Daleithiau">Senedd yr Unol Daleithiau</a> (Senate of the United States) yn cael ei chynrychioli’n gyfartal gydag on 100 aelod (2 i bob un o'r 50 talaith).</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Ers hynny, mae gwladwriaethau <a href="/wiki/Ffederaliaeth" title="Ffederaliaeth">ffederal</a> wedi dewis dwysiambraeth, yn enwedig pan fydd yn angenrheidiol, yn dibynnu ar wahaniaethau rhanbarthol, bod pob rhanbarth neu diriogaeth y wlad yn cael ei gynrychioli'n ddigonol. Fodd bynnag, arhosodd yr hen gyfiawnhad dros fodolaeth siambr isaf yn y syniad o gyfle newydd i gael ail farn ar faterion deddfwriaethol. </p><p>Mae'r perthnasoedd rhwng y ddau siambr yn amrywio. Mewn rhai achosion mae ganddyn nhw bwerau cyfartal ond mewn eraill mae siambr yn amlwg yn rhagori. Yn y systemau ffederal ac arlywyddol mae cydraddoldeb y siambr yn ymddangos yn bennaf. Cyflwynir goruchafiaeth siambr yn systemau <a href="/wiki/Llywodraeth_seneddol" title="Llywodraeth seneddol">llywodraeth seneddol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rheswm_dros_Dwysiambraeth">Rheswm dros Dwysiambraeth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Rheswm dros Dwysiambraeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Rheswm dros Dwysiambraeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esboniodd yr newyddiadurwr, Walter Bagehot, y ddadl dros Ddeddfwriaeth deusiambriog: </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A formidable sinister interest may always obtain the complete command of a dominant assembly by some chance and for a moment, and it is therefore of great use to have a second chamber of an opposite sort, differently composed, in which that interest in all likelihood will not rule. </p></blockquote> <p>Cyflwynwyd nifer o resymeg o blaid dwysiambraeth. </p> <dl><dd><b>Ffederaliaeth</b> - Mae taleithiau <a href="/wiki/Ffederaliaeth" title="Ffederaliaeth">ffederal</a> wedi ei fabwysiadu yn aml, ac mae'r datrysiad yn parhau i fod yn boblogaidd pan fydd gwahaniaethau neu sensitifrwydd rhanbarthol yn gofyn am gynrychiolaeth fwy eglur, gyda'r ail siambr yn cynrychioli'r taleithiau cyfansoddol. Serch hynny, mae'r cyfiawnhad hŷn dros ail siambrau - darparu cyfleoedd ar gyfer ail feddyliau am ddeddfwriaeth - wedi goroesi. Ar gyfer gwladwriaethau sy'n ystyried trefniant cyfansoddiadol gwahanol a allai symud pŵer i grwpiau newydd, gellid mynnu deusiambriaeth gan grwpiau hegemonig ar hyn o bryd a fyddai fel arall yn atal unrhyw newid strwythurol (ee unbenaethau milwrol, pendefigion).</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>Cymdeithas Amrywiol a Amryiwaeth Barn Eang</b> - Efallai bod yr ymwybyddiaeth gynyddol o gymhlethdod y syniad o gynrychiolaeth a natur aml-swyddogaethol deddfwrfeydd modern yn rhoi rhesymeg newydd ddechreuol ar gyfer ail siambrau, er bod y rhain yn gyffredinol yn parhau i fod yn sefydliadau a ymleddir mewn ffyrdd nad yw'r siambrau cyntaf. Enghraifft o ddadlau gwleidyddol ynghylch ail siambr fu'r ddadl dros bwerau 'Senate' neu ethol Sénat Ffrainc. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>Rhannu Grym</b> - Mae'r berthynas rhwng y ddwy siambr yn amrywio; mewn rhai achosion, mae ganddyn nhw bwer cyfartal, ond mewn eraill, mae'n amlwg bod un siambr yn rhagori ar ei phwerau. Mae'r cyntaf yn tueddu i fod yn wir mewn systemau ffederal a'r rhai â llywodraethau arlywyddol. Mae'r olaf yn tueddu i fod yn wir mewn gwladwriaethau unedol gyda system seneddol. Mae dwy ffrwd o feddwl: Mae beirniaid yn credu bod deusiambriaeth yn ei gwneud yn anoddach cyflawni diwygiadau gwleidyddol ystyrlon ac yn cynyddu'r risg o gloi grid - yn enwedig mewn achosion lle mae gan y ddwy siambr bwerau tebyg - tra bod gwrthwynebwyr yn dadlau rhinweddau'r "checks and balancesg" a ddarperir gan y model deusiambr, y maent yn credu sy'n helpu i atal deddfwriaeth heb ei hystyried yn gyfraith.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Y_gwahanol_fathau_o_Ddwysiambraeth">Y gwahanol fathau o Ddwysiambraeth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Y gwahanol fathau o Ddwysiambraeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Y gwahanol fathau o Ddwysiambraeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Nationalratssaal_w%C3%A4hrend_Session.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nationalratssaal_w%C3%A4hrend_Session.jpg/220px-Nationalratssaal_w%C3%A4hrend_Session.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nationalratssaal_w%C3%A4hrend_Session.jpg/330px-Nationalratssaal_w%C3%A4hrend_Session.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nationalratssaal_w%C3%A4hrend_Session.jpg/440px-Nationalratssaal_w%C3%A4hrend_Session.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption>Cyngor Cenedlaethol y Swistir (y siambr isaf) yn cwrdd. Mae'r ddwy siambr yn Palas Ffederal yn y briffinas, <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ffederaliaeth">Ffederaliaeth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Ffederaliaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ffederaliaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae rhai gwledydd, megis <a href="/wiki/Awstralia" title="Awstralia">Awstralia</a>, yr <a href="/wiki/Ariannin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariannin">Ariannin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecsico" title="Mecsico">Mecsico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau_America" title="Unol Daleithiau America">Unol Daleithiau America</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Almaen" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaen">Almaen</a>, yn cysylltu eu systemau dwysiambriog â'u strwythur gwleidyddol ffederal. </p><p>Felly, yn yr <a href="/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Unol Daleithiau">Unol Daleithiau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awstralia" title="Awstralia">Awstralia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> a <a href="/wiki/Mecsico" title="Mecsico">Mecsico</a> mae gan bob gwladwriaeth nifer penodol o seddi yn y siambr uchaf waeth beth yw'r boblogaeth sydd gan y dalaith honno. Gwnaethpwyd hyn i sicrhau nad yw taleithiau llai yn cael eu goddiweddyd gan rai mwy poblog. Yn y tŷ isaf mae'r seddi'n cael eu dosbarthu ar sail poblogaeth pob gwladwriaeth yn unig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dwysiambraeth_Tirfeddiannol">Dwysiambraeth Tirfeddiannol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Dwysiambraeth Tirfeddiannol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Dwysiambraeth Tirfeddiannol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mewn rhai gwledydd mae dwysiambraeth yn cynnwys cyfosod elfennau democrataidd ac aristocrataidd. Yr enghraifft fwyaf adnabyddus yw'r <a href="/wiki/Deyrnas_Unedig" class="mw-redirect" title="Deyrnas Unedig">Deyrnas Unedig</a>, lle mae <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7%27r_Arglwyddi" title="Tŷ'r Arglwyddi">Tŷ'r Arglwyddi</a> yn cynrychioli olion o'r system aristocrataidd a fu unwaith yn bennaf yng ngwleidyddiaeth Prydain tra bod <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7%27r_Cyffredin" class="mw-disambig" title="Tŷ'r Cyffredin">Tŷ'r Cyffredin</a> yn cynnwys ASau etholedig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achosion_eraill">Achosion eraill</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Achosion eraill" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Achosion eraill"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:L%27h%C3%A9micycle_du_S%C3%A9nat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_septembre_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/L%27h%C3%A9micycle_du_S%C3%A9nat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_septembre_2009.jpg/220px-L%27h%C3%A9micycle_du_S%C3%A9nat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_septembre_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/L%27h%C3%A9micycle_du_S%C3%A9nat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_septembre_2009.jpg/330px-L%27h%C3%A9micycle_du_S%C3%A9nat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_septembre_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/L%27h%C3%A9micycle_du_S%C3%A9nat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_septembre_2009.jpg/440px-L%27h%C3%A9micycle_du_S%C3%A9nat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_septembre_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1370" /></a><figcaption>Sénat Ffrainc (yr ail siambr) sydd ym Mhalas Luxembourg ym <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Mharis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nid yw llawer o systemau deusiambriog yn gysylltiedig â ffederaliaeth na'r uchelwyr. Yng ngwledydd <a href="/wiki/De_America" title="De America">De America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ynysoedd_y_Philipinau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynysoedd y Philipinau">Ynysoedd y Philipinau</a> neu <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Iwerddon" title="Gweriniaeth Iwerddon">Gweriniaeth Iwerddon</a> y system deusiambriog sy'n bodoli, er eu bod yn wladwriaethau unedol. Mewn gwledydd fel y rhain, dim ond at ddibenion goruchwylio ac, yn eithriadol, rhoi <a href="/wiki/Feto" title="Feto">feto</a> ar benderfyniadau'r tŷ isaf, y mae'r tŷ uchaf yn bodoli. Maent yn gyffredinol gyfartal yn wleidyddol, ac eithrio wrth baratoi'r gyllideb genedlaethol. Rhaid i'r gangen weithredol anfon y gyllideb ddrafft i'r siambr isaf, sy'n ei thrafod a'i chymeradwyo yn ei gweithdrefn gyntaf, gan ei hanfon i'r siambr uchaf i'w hadolygu a'i chymeradwyo wedi hynny. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Refferendwm_Iwerddon">Refferendwm Iwerddon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Refferendwm Iwerddon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Refferendwm Iwerddon"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn 2013 cafwyd <a href="/wiki/Refferendwm" title="Refferendwm">refferendwm</a> yng <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Iwerddon" title="Gweriniaeth Iwerddon">Ngweriniaeth Iwerddon</a> ar symud oddi ar system dwysiambriog i un <a href="/wiki/Unsiambraeth" title="Unsiambraeth">unsiambriog</a> gan gael gwared ar <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> (yr ail siambr). Pleidleisiodd y dinasyddion o blaid cadw'r system dwysiambriog.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deddfwrfeydd_Dwysiambr_Gwledydd_Annibynnol_Ewrop">Deddfwrfeydd Dwysiambr Gwledydd Annibynnol Ewrop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Deddfwrfeydd Dwysiambr Gwledydd Annibynnol Ewrop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Deddfwrfeydd Dwysiambr Gwledydd Annibynnol Ewrop"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noder y siambr isaf yn gyntaf ac yna'r ail siambr yn ail: </p> <div class="column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li>Senedd-dai Awstria - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalsrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationalsrat (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nationalsrat</a> a'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundesrat_Awstria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundesrat Awstria (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bundesrat</a></li> <li>Senedd-dai Gwlad Belg - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siambr_Cynrychiolwyr_Gwlad_Belg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siambr Cynrychiolwyr Gwlad Belg (dim tudalen ar gael)">Siambr Cynrychiolwyr</a> a Senat Gwlad Belg</li> <li>Senedd-dai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnia_a_Herzogovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosnia a Herzogovina (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bosnia a Herzogovina</a> - Tŷ'r Cynrychiolwyr a Tŷ y Bobl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd_y_Deyrnas_Unedig" title="Senedd y Deyrnas Unedig">Senedd y Deyrnas Unedig</a> - <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7%27r_Cyffredin" class="mw-disambig" title="Tŷ'r Cyffredin">Tŷ'r Cyffredin</a> a <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7%27r_Arglwyddi" title="Tŷ'r Arglwyddi">Tŷ'r Arglwyddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> - <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> a <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a></li> <li>Senedd-dai yr Almaen - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundestag (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bundestag</a> a'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundesrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundesrat (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bundesrat</a></li> <li>Senedd-dai Ffrainc - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senedd_Ffrainc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senedd Ffrainc (dim tudalen ar gael)">Assemblée nationale</a> a'r Sénat</li> <li>Senedd-dai yr Eidal - <a href="/wiki/Senedd_yr_Eidal" title="Senedd yr Eidal">Camera dei deputati</a> a'r Senato della Repubblica - Yr Eidal</li> <li>Senedd-dai Sbaen (Cortes Generales) - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senedd_Sbaen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senedd Sbaen (dim tudalen ar gael)">Congreso de los Diputados</a> a'r Senado</li> <li>Senedd-dai Swistir - Cyngor Cenedlaethol a'r Cyngor y Taleithiau</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gweler_hefyd">Gweler hefyd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Gweler hefyd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Gweler hefyd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unsiambraeth" title="Unsiambraeth">Unsiambraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deddfwrfa" title="Deddfwrfa">Deddfwrfa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolenni">Dolenni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolenni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Dolenni"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/clp/article-abstract/65/1/31/356923?redirectedFrom=PDF">papur 'Bicameralism and the Separation of Powers by Jeremy Waldron'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tutor2u.net/politics/reference/bicameralism">'Study Notes: Bicameralism'</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://termau.cymru/#bicameral">http://termau.cymru/#bicameral</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/bicameral-system">https://www.britannica.com/topic/bicameral-system</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:In_lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:In lang (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nodyn:In lang</a> [ <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/010132156-senat-le-triomphe-de-l-anomalie">http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/010132156-senat-le-triomphe-de-l-anomalie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120928055906/http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/010132156-senat-le-triomphe-de-l-anomalie">Archifwyd</a> 2012-09-28 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a> Liberation.fr], Sénat, le triomphe de l'anomalie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2013/1005/478505-referendum-count/">https://www.rte.ie/news/2013/1005/478505-referendum-count/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Wedi dod o "<a dir="ltr" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&oldid=12374889">https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwysiambraeth&oldid=12374889</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Categories" title="Arbennig:Categories">Categorïau</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Gwleidyddiaeth" 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