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bioconversion</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: bioconversion"> <meta name="keywords" content="bioconversion"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="bioconversion"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 32</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: bioconversion</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Extractive Bioconversion of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from Ralstonia Eutropha Via Aqueous Two-Phase System-An Integrated Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Leong">Y. K. Leong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20C.%20W.%20Lan"> J. C. W. Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Loh"> H. S. Loh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20L.%20Show"> P. L. Show</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable and have similar or better properties as commercial plastics, polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHAs) can be a potential game changer in the polymer industry. PHAs are the biodegradable polymer produced by bacteria, which are in interest as a sustainable alternative to petrochemical-derived plastics; however, its commercial value has significantly limited by high production and recovery cost of PHA. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) offers different chemical and physical environments, which contains about 80-90% water delivers an excellent environment for partitioning of cells, cell organelles and biologically active substances. Extractive bioconversion via ATPS allows the integration of PHA upstream fermentation and downstream purification process, which reduces production steps and time, thus lead to cost reduction. The ability of Ralstonia eutropha to grow under different ATPS conditions was investigated for its potential to be used in a bioconversion system. Changes in tie-line length (TLL) and a volume ratio (Vr) were shown to have an effect on PHA partition coefficient. High PHA recovery yield of 65% with a relatively high purity of 73% was obtained in PEG 6000/Sodium sulphate system with 42.6 wt/wt % TLL and 1.25 Vr. Extractive bioconversion via ATPS is an attractive approach for the combination of PHA production and recovery process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20two-phase%20system" title="aqueous two-phase system">aqueous two-phase system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extractive%20bioconversion" title=" extractive bioconversion"> extractive bioconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyhydroxy%20alkanoates" title=" polyhydroxy alkanoates"> polyhydroxy alkanoates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification" title=" purification "> purification </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40313/extractive-bioconversion-of-polyhydroxyalkanoates-phas-from-ralstonia-eutropha-via-aqueous-two-phase-system-an-integrated-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Bioconversion of Orange Wastes for Pectinase Production Using Aspergillus niger under Solid State Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hachemi">N. Hachemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nouani"> A. Nouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benchabane"> A. Benchabane </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of cultivation factors such as content of ammonium sulfate, glucose and water in the culture medium and particle size of dry orange waste, on their bioconversion for pectinase production was studied using complete factorial design. a polygalacturonase (PG) was isolated using ion exchange chromatography under gradient elution 0-0,5 m/l NaCl (column equilibrate with acetate buffer pH 4,5), subsequently by sephadex G75 column chromatography was applied and the molecular weight was obtained about 51,28 KDa . Purified PG enzyme exhibits a pH and temperature optima of activity at 5 and 35°C respectively. Treatment of apple juice by purified enzyme extract yielded a clear juice, which was competitive with juice yielded by pure Sigma Aldrich Aspergillus niger enzyme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioconversion" title="bioconversion">bioconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20wastes" title=" orange wastes"> orange wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectinase" title=" pectinase"> pectinase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28879/bioconversion-of-orange-wastes-for-pectinase-production-using-aspergillus-niger-under-solid-state-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Utilization of Agro-wastes for Biotechnological Production of Edible Mushroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salami%20Abiodun%20Olusola">Salami Abiodun Olusola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bankole%20Faith%20Ayobami"> Bankole Faith Ayobami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agro-wastes are wastes produced from various agricultural activities and include manures, corncob, plant stalks, hulls, leaves, sugarcane bagasse, oil-palm spadix, and rice bran. In farming situation, the agro-waste is often useless and, thus, discarded. Huge quantities of waste resources generated from Nigerian agriculture could be converted to more useful forms of energy, which could contribute to the country’s primary energy needs and reduce problems associated with waste management. Accumulation of agro-wastes may cause health, safety, and environmental concern. However, biotechnological use of agro-waste could enhance food security through its bioconversion to useful renewable energy. Mushrooms are saprophytes which feed by secreting extracellular enzymes, digesting food externally, and absorb the nutrients in net-like hyphae. Therefore, mushrooms could be exploited for bioconversion of the cheap and numerous agro-wastes for providing nutritious food for animals, human and carbon recycling. The study investigated the bioconversion potentials of Pleurotus florida on agro-wastes using a simple and cost-effective biotechnological method. Four agro-wastes; corncobs, oil-palm spadix, corn straw, and sawdust, were composted and used as substrates while the biological efficiency (BE) and the nutritional composition of P. florida grown on the substrates were determined. Pleurotus florida contained 26.28-29.91% protein, 86.90-89.60% moisture, 0.48-0.91% fat, 19.64-22.82% fibre, 31.37-38.17% carbohydrate and 5.18-6.39% ash. The mineral contents ranged from 342-410 mg/100g Calcium, 1009-1133 mg/100g Phosphorus, 17-21 mg/100g Iron, 277-359 mg/100g Sodium, and 2088-2281 mg/100g Potassium. The highest yield and BE were obtained on corncobs (110 g, 55%), followed by oil-palm spadix (76.05 g, 38%), while the least BE was recorded on corn straw substrate (63.12 g, 31.56%). Utilization of the composted substrates yielded nutritional and edible mushrooms. The study presents biotechnological procedure for bioconversion of agro-wastes to edible and nutritious mushroom for efficient agro-wastes’ management, utilization, and recycling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agrowaste" title="agrowaste">agrowaste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioconversion" title=" bioconversion"> bioconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilization" title=" utilization"> utilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161995/utilization-of-agro-wastes-for-biotechnological-production-of-edible-mushroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Bioconversion of Antifungal Antibiotic Derived from Aspergillus Nidulans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savitha%20Janakiraman">Savitha Janakiraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivakumar%20M.%20C"> Shivakumar M. C</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anidulafungin, an advanced class of antifungal agent used for the treatment of chronic fungal infections, is derived from Echinocandin B nucleus, an intermediate metabolite of Echinocandin B produced by Aspergillus nidulans. The enzyme acylase derived from the fermentation broth of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) plays a key role in the bioconversion of echinocandin B to echinocandin B nucleus. The membrane-bound nature of acylase and low levels of expression contributes to the rate-limiting process of enzymatic deacylation, hence low yields of ECB nucleus and anidulafungin. In the present study, this is addressed through novel genetic engineering approaches of overexpression and heterologous expression studies, immobilization of whole cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) and Co-cultivation studies. Overexpression of the acylase gene in Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) was done by increasing the gene copy number to increase the echinocandin B nucleus production. Echinocandin B acylase gene, under the control of a PermE* promoter, was cloned in pSET152 vector and introduced into Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL12052) by a ɸC31-directed site-specific recombination method. The resultant recombinant strain (C2-18) showed a 3-fold increase in acylase expression, which was confirmed by HPLC analysis. Pichia pastoris is one of the most effective and versatile host systems for the production of heterologous proteins. The ECB acylase gene was cloned into pPIC9K vector with AOX1 promoter and was transformed into Pichia pastoris (GS115). The acylase expression was confirmed by protein expression and bioconversion studies. The heterologous expression of acylase in Pichia pastoris, is a milestone in the development of antifungals. Actively growing cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) were immobilized and tested for bioconversion ability which showed >90% conversion in each cycle. The stability of immobilized cell beads retained the deacylation ability up to 60 days and reusability was confirmed up to 4 cycles. The significant findings from the study have revealed that immobilization of whole cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) could be an alternative option for bioconversion of echinocandin B to echinocandin B nucleus, which has not been reported to date. The concept of co-cultivation of Aspergillus nidulans and Actinoplanes utahensis strains for the production of the echinocandin B nucleus was also carried out in order to produce echinocandin B nucleus. The process completely reduced the ECB purification step and, therefore, could be recommended as an ingenious method to improve the yield of the ECB nucleus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acylase" title="acylase">acylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anidulafungin" title=" anidulafungin"> anidulafungin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungals" title=" antifungals"> antifungals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20nidulans" title=" Aspergillus nidulans"> Aspergillus nidulans</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154160/bioconversion-of-antifungal-antibiotic-derived-from-aspergillus-nidulans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Bioconversion of Kitchen Waste to Bio-Ethanol for Energy Security and Solid Waste Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjiv%20Kumar%20Soni">Sanjiv Kumar Soni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chetna%20Janveja"> Chetna Janveja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The approach of utilizing zero cost kitchen waste residues for growing suitable strains of fungi for the induction of a cocktail of hydrolytic enzymes and ethanol generation has been validated in the present study with the objective of developing an indigenous biorefinery for low cost bioethanol production with the generation of zero waste. Solid state fermentation has been carried out to evaluate the potential of various steam pretreated kitchen waste residues as substrates for the co-production of multiple carbohydrases including cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinase and amylases by a locally isolated strain of Aspergillus niger C-5. Of all the residues, potato peels induced the maximum yields of all the enzyme components corresponding to 64.0±1.92 IU of CMCase, 17.0±0.54 IU of FPase , 42.8±1.28 IU of β-glucosidase, 990.0±28.90 IU of xylanase, 53.2±2.12 IU of mannanase, 126.0±3.72 IU of pectinase, 31500.0±375.78 IU of α-amylase and 488.8±9.82 IU of glucoamylase/g dry substrate respectively. Saccharification of various kitchen refuse residues using inhouse produced crude enzyme cocktail resulted in the release of 610±10.56, 570±8.89, 435±6.54, 475±4.56, 445±4.27, 385±4.49, 370±6.89, 490±10.45 mg of total reducing sugars/g of dried potato peels, orange peels, pineapple peels, mausami peels, onion peels, banana stalks, pea pods and composite mixture respectively revealing carbohydrate conversion efficiencies in the range of 97.0-99.4%. After fermentation of released hexoses by Saccharomyces cerevisae, ethanol yields ranging from 80-262 mL/ kg of dry residues were obtained. The study has successfully evaluated the valorization of kitchen garbage, a highly biodegradable component in Municipal Solid Waste by using it as a substrate for the in-house co-production of multiple carbohydrases and employing the steam treated residues as a feed stock for bioethanol production. Such valorization of kitchen garbage may reduce the level of Municipal Solid Waste going into land-fills thus lowering the emissions of greenhouse gases. Moreover, the solid residue left after the bioconversion may be used as a biofertilizer for improving the fertility of the soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kitchen%20waste" title="kitchen waste">kitchen waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title=" bioethanol"> bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste" title=" solid waste"> solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioconversion" title=" bioconversion"> bioconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7320/bioconversion-of-kitchen-waste-to-bio-ethanol-for-energy-security-and-solid-waste-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Studies of Lactose Utilization in Microalgal Isolate for Further Use in Dairy By-Product Bioconversion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergejs%20Kolesovs">Sergejs Kolesovs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armands%20Vigants"> Armands Vigants</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of dairy industry by-products and wastewater as a cheap substrate for microalgal growth is gaining recognition. However, the mechanisms of lactose utilization remain understudied, limiting the potential of successful microalgal biomass production using various dairy by-products, such as whey and permeate. The necessity for microalgae to produce a specific enzyme, β-galactosidase, requires the selection of suitable strains. This study focuses on a freshwater microalgal isolate's ability to grow on a semi-synthetic medium supplemented with lactose. After 10 days of agitated cultivation, an axenic microalgal isolate achieved significantly higher biomass production under mixotrophic growth conditions (0.86 ± 0.07 g/L, dry weight) than heterotrophic growth (0.46 ± 0.04 g/L). Moreover, mixotrophic cultivation had significantly higher biomass production compared to photoautotrophic growth (0.67 ± 0.05 g/L). The activity of β-galactosidase was detected in both supernatant and microalgal biomass under mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions, showing the potential of extracellular and intracellular mechanisms of enzyme production. However, the main limiting factor in this study was the increase of pH values during the cultivation, significantly reducing the activity of the β-galactosidase enzyme after 3rd day of cultivation. It highlights the need for stricter control of growth parameters to ensure the enzyme's activity. Further research will assess the isolate's suitability for dairy by-product bioconversion and biomass composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactose" title=" lactose"> lactose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey" title=" whey"> whey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeate" title=" permeate"> permeate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-galactosidase" title=" beta-galactosidase"> beta-galactosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixotrophy" title=" mixotrophy"> mixotrophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophy" title=" heterotrophy"> heterotrophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185298/studies-of-lactose-utilization-in-microalgal-isolate-for-further-use-in-dairy-by-product-bioconversion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Biomass Enhancement of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Shoot Culture in Temporary Immersion System (TIS) RITA® Bioreactor Optimized in Two Different Immersion Periods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agustine%20Melviana">Agustine Melviana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizkita%20Esyanti"> Rizkita Esyanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stevia plant contains steviol glycosides which is estimated to be 300 times sweeter than sucrose. However in Indonesia, conventional (in vivo) propagation of Stevia rebaudiana was not effective due to a poor result. Therefore, alternative methods to propagate S. rebaudiana plants is needed, one of it is using in vitro method. Multiplication with a large quantity of stevia biomass in relatively short period can be conducted by using TIS RITA® (Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion System). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of immersion period of the medium on growth and the medium bioconversion into the production of shoot biomass. The study was conducted to determine the effect of different intensity period of medium to enhance biomass of stevia shoots. Shoot culture of S. rebaudiana was grown in full strength MS medium supplemented with 1 ppm Kinetin. RITA® bioreactors were set up with two different immersion periods, 15 min (RITA® 15) and 30 min (RITA® 30), scheduled every 6 hours and incubated for 21 days. The result indicated that immersion period affected the biomass and growth rate (µ). Thirty-minutes immersion showed greater percentage of shoot multiplication (93.44 ± 0.83%), percentage of leaf growth (85.24 ± 5.99%), growth rate (0.042 ± 0.001 g/day), and productivity (0.066 g/L medium/day) compared to that immersed in RITA® 15 min (76.90 ± 4.85%; 79.73 ± 7.76; 0.045 ± 0.004 g/day, and 0.045 g/L medium/day respectively). Enhancement of biomass in RITA® 30 reached 1,702 ± 0,114 gr, whereas in RITA® 15 only 0,953 ± 0,093 gr. Additionally, the pattern of sucrose, mineral, and inorganic compounds consumption followed the growth of plant biomass for both systems. In conclusion, the bioconversion efficiency from medium to biomass in RITA® 30 is better than RITA® 15. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20period" title="intensity period">intensity period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoot%20culture" title=" shoot culture"> shoot culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stevia%20rebaudiana" title=" Stevia rebaudiana"> Stevia rebaudiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIS%20RITA%C2%AE" title=" TIS RITA®"> TIS RITA®</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54238/biomass-enhancement-of-stevia-stevia-rebaudiana-bertoni-shoot-culture-in-temporary-immersion-system-tis-rita-bioreactor-optimized-in-two-different-immersion-periods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> The Role of Phycoremediation in the Sustainable Management of Aquatic Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Ezenweani">Raymond Ezenweani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20Ogbebor"> Jeffrey Ogbebor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The menace of aquatic pollution has become increasingly of great concern and the effects of this pollution as a result of anthropogenic activities cannot be over emphasized. Phycoremediation is the application of algal remediation technology in the removal of harmful products from the environment. Harmful products also known as pollutants are usually introduced into the environment through variety of processes such as industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, flooding, and acid rain. This work has to do with the capability of algae in the efficient removal of different pollutants, ranging from hydrocarbons, eutrophication, agricultural chemicals and wastes, heavy metals, foul smell from septic tanks or dumps through different processes such as bioconversion, biosorption, bioabsorption and biodecomposition. Algae are capable of bioconversion of environmentally persistent compounds to degradable compounds and also capable of putting harmful bacteria growth into check in waste water remediation. Numerous algal organisms such as Nannochloropsis spp, Chlorella spp, Tetraselmis spp, Shpaerocystics spp, cyanobacteria and different macroalgae have been tested by different researchers in laboratory scale and shown to have 100% efficiency in environmental remediation. Algae as a result of their photosynthetic capacity are also efficient in air cleansing and management of global warming by sequestering carbon iv oxide in air and converting it into organic carbon, thereby making food available for the other organisms in the higher trophic level of the aquatic food chain. Algae play major role in the sustenance of the aquatic ecosystem by their virtue of being photosynthetic. They are the primary producers and their role in environmental sustainability is remarkable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algae" title="Algae ">Algae </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pollutant" title=" Pollutant"> Pollutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=." title=".">.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phycoremediation" title=" Phycoremediation"> Phycoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aquatic" title=" Aquatic"> Aquatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sustainability" title=" Sustainability"> Sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120451/the-role-of-phycoremediation-in-the-sustainable-management-of-aquatic-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Principles of Municipal Sewage Sludge Bioconversion into Biomineral Fertilizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20V.%20Kalinichenko">K. V. Kalinichenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Nikovskaya"> G. N. Nikovskaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of heavy metals removal from sewage sludge in bioleaching with heterotrophic, chemoautotrophic (sulphur-oxidizing) sludge cenoses and chemical leaching (in distilled water, weakly acidic or alkaline medium) was compared. The efficacy of heavy metals removal from sewage sludge varied from 83 % (Zn) up to 14 % (Cr) and followed the order: Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr. The advantages of metals bioleaching process at heterotrophic metabolism was shown. A new process for bioconversation of sewage sludge into fertilizer at middle temperature after partial heavy metals removal was developed. This process is based on enhancing vital ability of heterotrophic microorganisms by adding easily metabolized nutrients and synthesis of metabolites by growing sludge cenoses. These metabolites possess the properties of heavy metals extractants and flocculants which provide sludge flocks sedimentation and concentration. The process results in biomineral fertilizer with immobilized sludge bioelements with prolonged action. The fertilizer obtained satisfied the EU limits for the sewage sludge of agricultural utilization. High efficiency of the biomineral fertilizers obtained has been demonstrated in vegetation experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer" title="fertilizer">fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title=" leaching"> leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge" title=" sewage sludge"> sewage sludge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2684/principles-of-municipal-sewage-sludge-bioconversion-into-biomineral-fertilizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Application of the Carboxylate Platform in the Consolidated Bioconversion of Agricultural Wastes to Biofuel Precursors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sesethu%20G.%20Njokweni">Sesethu G. Njokweni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marelize%20Botes"> Marelize Botes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emile%20W.%20H.%20Van%20Zyl"> Emile W. H. Van Zyl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An alternative strategy to the production of bioethanol is by examining the degradability of biomass in a natural system such as the rumen of mammals. This anaerobic microbial community has higher cellulolytic activities than microbial communities from other habitats and degrades cellulose to produce volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane and CO₂. VFAs have the potential to serve as intermediate products for electrochemical conversion to hydrocarbon fuels. In vitro mimicking of this process would be more cost-effective than bioethanol production as it does not require chemical pre-treatment of biomass, a sterile environment or added enzymes. The strategies of the carboxylate platform and the co-cultures of a bovine ruminal microbiota from cannulated cows were combined in order to investigate and optimize the bioconversion of agricultural biomass (apple and grape pomace, citrus pulp, sugarcane bagasse and triticale straw) to high value VFAs as intermediates for biofuel production in a consolidated bioprocess. Optimisation of reactor conditions was investigated using five different ruminal inoculum concentrations; 5,10,15,20 and 25% with fixed pH at 6.8 and temperature at 39 ˚C. The ANKOM 200/220 fiber analyser was used to analyse in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance of the feedstuffs. Fresh and cryo-frozen (5% DMSO and 50% glycerol for 3 months) rumen cultures were tested for the retainment of fermentation capacity and durability in 72 h fermentations in 125 ml serum vials using a FURO medical solutions 6-valve gas manifold to induce anaerobic conditions. Fermentation of apple pomace, triticale straw, and grape pomace showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the effect of 15 and 20 % inoculum concentrations for the total VFA yield. However, high performance liquid chromatographic separation within the two inoculum concentrations showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in acetic acid yield, with 20% inoculum concentration being the optimum at 4.67 g/l. NDF disappearance of 85% in 96 h and total VFA yield of 11.5 g/l in 72 h (A/P ratio = 2.04) for apple pomace entailed that it was the optimal feedstuff for this process. The NDF disappearance and VFA yield of DMSO (82% NDF disappearance and 10.6 g/l VFA) and glycerol (90% NDF disappearance and 11.6 g/l VFA) stored rumen also showed significantly similar degradability of apple pomace with lack of treatment effect differences compared to a fresh rumen control (P > 0.05). The lack of treatment effects was a positive sign in indicating that there was no difference between the stored samples and the fresh rumen control. Retaining of the fermentation capacity within the preserved cultures suggests that its metabolic characteristics were preserved due to resilience and redundancy of the rumen culture. The amount of degradability and VFA yield within a short span was similar to other carboxylate platforms that have longer run times. This study shows that by virtue of faster rates and high extent of degradability, small scale alternatives to bioethanol such as rumen microbiomes and other natural fermenting microbiomes can be employed to enhance the feasibility of biofuels large-scale implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20wastes" title="agricultural wastes">agricultural wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxylate%20platform" title=" carboxylate platform"> carboxylate platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20microbiome" title=" rumen microbiome"> rumen microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20fatty%20acids" title=" volatile fatty acids"> volatile fatty acids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92186/application-of-the-carboxylate-platform-in-the-consolidated-bioconversion-of-agricultural-wastes-to-biofuel-precursors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Production of Antimicrobial Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus through the Biocatalysis of Vegetable Oils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hak-Ryul%20Kim">Hak-Ryul Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung-Geun%20Lee"> Hyung-Geun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Long"> Qi Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching%20Hou"> Ching Hou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural modification of natural lipids via chemical reaction or microbial bioconversion can change their properties or even create novel functionalities. Enzymatic oxidation of lipids leading to formation of oxylipin is one of those modifications. Hydroxy fatty acids, one of those oxylipins have gained important attentions because of their structural and functional properties compared with other non-hydroxy fatty acids. Recently 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was produced with high yield from lipid-containing oleic acid by microbial conversion, and the further study confirmed that DOD contained strong antimicrobial activities against a broad range of microorganisms. In this study, we tried to modify DOD molecules by the enzymatic or physical reaction to create new functionality or to enhance the antimicrobial activity of DOD. After modification of DOD molecules by different ways, we confirmed that the antimicrobial activity of DOD was highly enhanced and presented strong antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, suggesting that DOD and its derivatives can be used as efficient antimicrobial agents for medical and industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocatalysis" title="biocatalysis">biocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20agent" title=" antimicrobial agent"> antimicrobial agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug-resistant%20bacteria" title=" multidrug-resistant bacteria"> multidrug-resistant bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20oil" title=" vegetable oil"> vegetable oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75239/production-of-antimicrobial-agents-against-multidrug-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-through-the-biocatalysis-of-vegetable-oils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Solid State Fermentation: A Technological Alternative for Enriching Bioavailability of Underutilized Crops </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vipin%20Bhandari">Vipin Bhandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupama%20Singh"> Anupama Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kopal%20Gupta"> Kopal Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid state fermentation, an eminent bioconversion technique for converting many biological substrates into a value-added product, has proven its role in the biotransformation of crops by nutritionally enriching them. Hence, an effort was made for nutritional enhancement of underutilized crops viz. barnyard millet, amaranthus and horse gram based composite flour using SSF. The grains were given pre-treatments before fermentation and these pre-treatments proved quite effective in diminishing the level of antinutrients in grains and in improving their nutritional characteristics. The present study deals with the enhancement of nutritional characteristics of underutilized crops viz. barnyard millet, amaranthus and horsegram based composite flour using solid state fermentation (SSF) as the principle bioconversion technique to convert the composite flour substrate into a nutritionally enriched value added product. Response surface methodology was used to design the experiments. The variables selected for the fermentation experiments were substrate particle size, substrate blend ratio, fermentation time, fermentation temperature and moisture content having three levels of each. Seventeen designed experiments were conducted randomly to find the effect of these variables on microbial count, reducing sugar, pH, total sugar, phytic acid and water absorption index. The data from all experiments were analyzed using Design Expert 8.0.6 and the response functions were developed using multiple regression analysis and second order models were fitted for each response. Results revealed that pretreatments proved quite handful in diminishing the level of antinutrients and thus enhancing the nutritional value of the grains appreciably, for instance, there was about 23% reduction in phytic acid levels after decortication of barnyard millet. The carbohydrate content of the decorticated barnyard millet increased to 81.5% from initial value of 65.2%. Similarly popping and puffing of horsegram and amaranthus respectively greatly reduced the trypsin inhibitor activity. Puffing of amaranthus also reduced the tannin content appreciably. Bacillus subtilis was used as the inoculating specie since it is known to produce phytases in solid state fermentation systems. These phytases remarkably reduce the phytic acid content which acts as a major antinutritional factor in food grains. Results of solid state fermentation experiments revealed that phytic acid levels reduced appreciably when fermentation was allowed to continue for 72 hours at a temperature of 35°C. Particle size and substrate blend ratio also affected the responses positively. All the parameters viz. substrate particle size, substrate blend ratio, fermentation time, fermentation temperature and moisture content affected the responses namely microbial count, reducing sugar, pH, total sugar, phytic acid and water absorption index but the effect of fermentation time was found to be most significant on all the responses. Statistical analysis resulted in the optimum conditions (particle size 355µ, substrate blend ratio 50:20:30 of barnyard millet, amaranthus and horsegram respectively, fermentation time 68 hrs, fermentation temperature 35°C and moisture content 47%) for maximum reduction in phytic acid. The model F- value was found to be highly significant at 1% level of significance in case of all the responses. Hence, second order model could be fitted to predict all the dependent parameters. The effect of fermentation time was found to be most significant as compared to other variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20flour" title="composite flour">composite flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20state%20fermentation" title=" solid state fermentation"> solid state fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underutilized%20crops" title=" underutilized crops"> underutilized crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cereals" title=" cereals"> cereals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation%20technology" title=" fermentation technology"> fermentation technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20processing" title=" food processing"> food processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35405/solid-state-fermentation-a-technological-alternative-for-enriching-bioavailability-of-underutilized-crops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Functional Cell Surface Display Using Ice Nucleation Protein from Erwina ananas on Escherischia coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei%20Yuin%20Joanne%20Wee">Mei Yuin Joanne Wee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20Md.%20Illias"> Rosli Md. Illias </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell surface display is the expression of a protein with an anchoring motif on the surface of the cell. This approach offers advantages when used in bioconversion in terms of easier purification steps and more efficient enzymatic reaction. A surface display system using ice nucleation protein (InaA) from Erwina ananas as an anchoring motif has been constructed to display xylanase (xyl) on the surface of Escherischia coli. The InaA was truncated so that it is made up of the N- and C-terminal domain (INPANC-xyl) and it has successfully directed xylanase to the surface of the cell. A study was also done on xylanase fused to two other ice nucleation proteins, InaK (INPKNC-xyl) and InaZ (INPZNC-xyl) from Pseudomonas syringae KCTC 1832 and Pseudomonas syringae S203 respectively. Surface localization of the fusion protein was verified using SDS-PAGE and Western blot on the cell fractions and all anchoring motifs were successfully displayed on the outer membrane of E. coli. Upon comparison, whole-cell activity of INPANC-xyl was more than six and five times higher than INPKNC-xyl and INPZNC-xyl respectively. Furthermore, the expression of INPANC-xyl on the surface of E. coli did not inhibit the growth of the cell. This is the first report of surface display system using ice nucleation protein, InaA from E. ananas. From this study, this anchoring motif offers an attractive alternative to the current surface display systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20surface%20display" title="cell surface display">cell surface display</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherischia%20coli" title=" Escherischia coli"> Escherischia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20nucleation%20protein" title=" ice nucleation protein"> ice nucleation protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylanase" title=" xylanase"> xylanase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39347/functional-cell-surface-display-using-ice-nucleation-protein-from-erwina-ananas-on-escherischia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Optimization of Fermentation Parameters for Bioethanol Production from Waste Glycerol by Microwave Induced Mutant Escherichia coli EC-MW (ATCC 11105)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Refal%20Hussain">Refal Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saifuddin%20M.%20Nomanbhay"> Saifuddin M. Nomanbhay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glycerol is a valuable raw material for the production of industrially useful metabolites. Among many promising applications for the use of glycerol is its bioconversion to high value-added compounds, such as bioethanol through microbial fermentation. Bioethanol is an important industrial chemical with emerging potential as a biofuel to replace vanishing fossil fuels. The yield of liquid fuel in this process was greatly influenced by various parameters viz, temperature, pH, glycerol concentration, organic concentration, and agitation speed were considered. The present study was undertaken to investigate optimum parameters for bioethanol production from raw glycerol by immobilized mutant Escherichia coli (E.coli) (ATCC11505) strain on chitosan cross linked glutaraldehyde optimized by Taguchi statistical method in shake flasks. The initial parameters were set each at four levels and the orthogonal array layout of L16 (45) conducted. The important controlling parameters for optimized the operational fermentation was temperature 38 °C, medium pH 6.5, initial glycerol concentration (250 g/l), and organic source concentration (5 g/l). Fermentation with optimized parameters was carried out in a custom fabricated shake flask. The predicted value of bioethanol production under optimized conditions was (118.13 g/l). Immobilized cells are mainly used for economic benefits of continuous production or repeated use in continuous as well as in batch mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title="bioethanol">bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title=" Escherichia coli"> Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26809/optimization-of-fermentation-parameters-for-bioethanol-production-from-waste-glycerol-by-microwave-induced-mutant-escherichia-coli-ec-mw-atcc-11105" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">653</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Conversion of Glycerol to 3-Hydroxypropanoic Acid by Genetically Engineered Bacillus subtilis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aida%20Kalantari">Aida Kalantari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boyang%20Ji"> Boyang Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Chen"> Tao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Mijakovic"> Ivan Mijakovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-HP) is one of the most important biomass-derivable platform chemicals that can be converted into a number of industrially important compounds. There have been several attempts at production of 3-HP from renewable sources in cell factories, focusing mainly on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite the significant progress made in this field, commercially exploitable large-scale production of 3-HP in microbial strains has still not been achieved. In this study, we investigated the potential of Bacillus subtilis to be used as a microbial platform for bioconversion of glycerol into 3-HP. Our recombinant B. subtilis strains overexpress the two-step heterologous pathway containing glycerol dehydratase and aldehyde dehydrogenase from various backgrounds. The recombinant strains harboring the codon-optimized synthetic pathway from K. pneumoniae produced low levels of 3-HP. Since the enzymes in the heterologous pathway are sensitive to oxygen, we had to perform our experiments in micro-aerobic conditions. Under these conditions, the cell produces lactate in order to regenerate NAD+, and we found the lactate production to be in competition with the production of 3-HP. Therefore, based on the in silico predictions, we knocked out the glycerol kinase (glpk), which in combination with growth on glucose, resulted in improving the 3-HP titer to 1 g/L and the removal of lactate. Cultivation of the same strain in an enriched medium improved the 3-HP titer up to 7.6 g/L. Our findings provide the first report of successful introduction of the biosynthetic pathway for conversion of glycerol into 3-HP in B. subtilis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus%20subtilis" title="bacillus subtilis">bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycerol" title=" glycerol"> glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-hydroxypropanoic%20acid" title=" 3-hydroxypropanoic acid"> 3-hydroxypropanoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20engineering" title=" metabolic engineering"> metabolic engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59324/conversion-of-glycerol-to-3-hydroxypropanoic-acid-by-genetically-engineered-bacillus-subtilis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Paenibacillus illinoisensis CX11: A Cellulase- and Xylanase-Producing Bacteria for Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20A.%20Q.%20Ahmed">Abeer A. Q. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracey%20McKay"> Tracey McKay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomass can provide a sustainable source for the production of high valued chemicals. Under the uncertain availability of fossil resources biomass could be the only available source for chemicals in future. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed into their building blocks (hexsoses and pentoses) which can be converted later to the desired high valued chemicals. A cellulase- and xylanase- producing bacterial strain identified as Paenibacillus illinoisensis CX11 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was found to have the ability to saccharify different lignocellulosic materials. Cellulase and xylanase activities were evaluated by 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid (DNS) method using CMC and xylan as substrates. Results showed that P. illinoisensis CX11 have cellulase (2.63± 0.09 mg/ml) and xylanase (3.25 ± 0.2 mg/ml) activities. The ability of P. illinoisensis CX11 to saccharify lignocellulosic materials was tested using wheat straw (WS), wheat bran (WB), saw dust (SD), and corn stover (CS). DNS method was used to determine the amount of reducing sugars that were released from lignocellulosic materials. P. illinoisensis CX11 showed to have the ability to saccharify lignocellulosic materials and producing total reducing sugars as 2.34 ± 0.12, 2.51 ± 0.37, 1.86 ± 0.16, and 3.29 ± 0.20 mg/l from WS, WB, SD, and CS respectively. According to the author's knowledge, current findings are the first to report P. illinoisensis CX11 as a cellulase and xylanase producing species and that it has the ability to saccharify different lignocellulosic materials. This study presents P. illinoisensis CX11 that can be good source for cellulase and xylanase enzymes which could be introduced into lignocellulose bioconversion processes to produce high valued chemicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulase" title="cellulase">cellulase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20valued%20chemicals" title=" high valued chemicals"> high valued chemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulosic%20materials" title=" lignocellulosic materials"> lignocellulosic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paenibacillus%20illinoisensis%20CX11" title=" Paenibacillus illinoisensis CX11"> Paenibacillus illinoisensis CX11</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xylanase" title=" Xylanase"> Xylanase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57976/paenibacillus-illinoisensis-cx11-a-cellulase-and-xylanase-producing-bacteria-for-saccharification-of-lignocellulosic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Second Generation Biofuels: A Futuristic Green Deal for Lignocellulosic Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nivedita%20Sharma">Nivedita Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global demand for fossil fuels is very high, but their use is not sustainable since its reserves are declining. Additionally, fossil fuels are responsible for the accumulation of greenhouse gases. The emission of greenhouse gases from the transport sector can be reduced by substituting fossil fuels by biofuels. Thus, renewable fuels capable of sequestering carbon dioxide are in high demand. Second‐generation biofuels, which require lignocellulosic biomass as a substrate and ultimately producing ethanol, fall largely in this category. Bioethanol is a favorable and near carbon-neutral renewable biofuel leading to reduction in tailpipe pollutant emission and improving the ambient air quality. Lignocellulose consists of three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which can be converted to ethanol with the help of microbial enzymes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in 1st step is considered as the most efficient and least polluting methods for generating fermentable hexose and pentose sugars which subsequently are fermented to power alcohol by yeasts in 2nd step of the process. In the present technology, a complete bioconversion process i.e. potential hydrolytic enzymes i.e. cellulase and xylanase producing microorganisms have been isolated from different niches, screened for enzyme production, identified using phenotyping and genotyping, enzyme production, purification and application of enzymes for saccharification of different lignocellulosic biomass followed by fermentation of hydrolysate to ethanol with high yield is to be presented in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulase" title="cellulase">cellulase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylanase" title=" xylanase"> xylanase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulose" title=" lignocellulose"> lignocellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title=" bioethanol"> bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20enzymes" title=" microbial enzymes"> microbial enzymes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161810/second-generation-biofuels-a-futuristic-green-deal-for-lignocellulosic-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Purification of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) from Fish Oil Using HPLC Method and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Effects on Some Pathogenic Bacteria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y%C4%B1lmaz%20U%C3%A7ar">Yılmaz Uçar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Ozogul"> Fatih Ozogul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Durmu%C5%9F"> Mustafa Durmuş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yesim%20Ozogul"> Yesim Ozogul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20R%C4%B1za%20K%C3%B6%C5%9Fker"> Ali Rıza Köşker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmeray%20Kuley%20Bo%C4%9Fa"> Esmeray Kuley Boğa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20Ayas"> Deniz Ayas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), that are essential oils from trout oil, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, bioconverted EPA and DHA into bioconverted EPA (bEPA), bioconverted DHA (bDHA) extracts by P. aeruginosa PR3. Moreover, in vitro antibacterial activity of bEPA and bDHA was investigated using disc diffusion methods and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). EPA and DHA concentration of 11.1% and 15.9% in trout oil increased in 58.64% and 40.33% after HPLC optimisation, respectively. In this study, EPA and DHA enriched products were obtained which are to be used as valuable supplements for food and pharmaceutical purposes. The bioconverted EPA and DHA exhibited antibacterial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7677 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213) and six Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Aeromonas hydrophila NCIMB 1135, and Salmonella Paratyphi A NCTC 13). Inhibition zones and MIC value of bEPA and bDHA against bacterial strains ranged from 7 to 12 mm and from 350 to 2350 μg/mL, respectively. Our results suggested that the crude extracts of bioconversion of EPA and DHA by P. aeruginosa PR3 can be considered as promising antimicrobials in improving food safety by controlling foodborne pathogens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=High-Performance%20Liquid%20Chromatography%20%28HPLC%29" title="High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)">High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docosahexaenoic%20acid" title=" docosahexaenoic acid"> docosahexaenoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHA" title=" DHA"> DHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eicosapentaenoic%20acid" title=" eicosapentaenoic acid"> eicosapentaenoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPA" title=" EPA"> EPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20inhibitory%20concentration" title=" minimum inhibitory concentration"> minimum inhibitory concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIC" title=" MIC"> MIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudomonas%20aeruginosa%20PR3" title=" Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3"> Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21883/purification-of-eicosapentaenoic-acid-epa-and-docosahexaenoic-acid-dha-from-fish-oil-using-hplc-method-and-investigation-of-their-antibacterial-effects-on-some-pathogenic-bacteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Novel Nutraceutical Structured Lipids in Non-Conventional Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selim%20Kermasha">Selim Kermasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A process for the synthesis of structured lipids (SLs) by the lipase-catalyzed interesterification of selected endogenous edible oils such as flaxseed oil (FO) and medium-chain triacylglyceols such as tricaprylin (TC) in non-conventional media (NCM), including organic solvent media (OSM) and solvent-free medium (SFM), was developed. The bioconversion yield of the medium-long-medium-type SLs (MLM-SLs were monitored as the responses with use of selected commercial lipases. In order to optimize the interesterification reaction and to establish a model system, a wide range of reaction parameters, including TC to FO molar ratio, reaction temperature, enzyme concentration, reaction time, agitation speed and initial water activity, were investigated to establish the a model system. The model system was monitored with the use of multiple response surface methodology (RSM) was used to obtain significant models for the responses and to optimize the interesterification reaction, on the basis of selected levels and variable fractional factorial design (FFD) with centre points. Based on the objective of each response, the appropriate level combination of the process parameters and the solutions that met the defined criteria were also provided by means of desirability function. The synthesized novel molecules were structurally characterized, using silver-ion reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrophotometry (APCI-MS) analyses. The overall experimental findings confirmed the formation of dicaprylyl-linolenyl glycerol, dicaprylyl-oleyl glycerol and dicaprylyl-linoleyl glycerol resulted from the lipase-catalyzed interesterification of FO and TC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20interesterification" title="enzymatic interesterification">enzymatic interesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conventinal%20media" title=" non-conventinal media"> non-conventinal media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutraceuticals" title=" nutraceuticals"> nutraceuticals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20lipids" title=" structured lipids"> structured lipids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35834/lipase-catalyzed-synthesis-of-novel-nutraceutical-structured-lipids-in-non-conventional-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Ethanol and Biomass Production from Spent Sulfite Liquor by Filamentous Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Asadollahzadeh">M. T. Asadollahzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghasemian"> A. Ghasemian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Saraeian"> A. R. Saraeian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Resalati"> H. Resalati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20R.%20Lennartsson"> P. R. Lennartsson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Taherzadeh"> M. J. Taherzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since filamentous fungi are capable of assimilating several types of sugars (hexoses and pentoses), they are potential candidates for bioconversion of spent sulfite liquor (SSL). Three filamentous fungi such as <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em>, <em>Mucor indicus</em>, and <em>Rhizopus oryzae</em> were investigated in this work. The SSL was diluted in order to obtain concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% and supplemented with two types of nutrients. The results from cultivations in shake flask showed that <em>A. oryzae</em> and <em>M. indicus</em> were not able to grow in pure SSL and SSL90% while <em>R. oryzae</em> could grow only in SSL50% and SSL60%. Cultivation with <em>A. oryzae</em> resulted in the highest yield of produced fungal biomass, while <em>R. oryzae</em> cultivation resulted in the lowest fungal biomass yield. Although, the mediums containing yeast extract, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O, and MgSO<sub>4</sub>∙7H<sub>2</sub>O as nutrients supplementations produced higher fungal biomass compared to the mediums containing NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and ammonia, but there was no significant difference between two types of nutrients in terms of sugars and acetic acid consumption rate. The sugars consumption in <em>M. indicus</em> cultivation was faster than <em>A. oryzae</em> and <em>R. oryzae</em> cultivation. Acetic acid present in SSL was completely consumed during cultivation of all fungi. <em>M. indicus</em> was the best and fastest ethanol producer from SSL among the fungi examined, when yeast extract and salts were used as nutrients supplementations. Furthermore, no further improvement in ethanol concentration and rate of sugars consumption was obtained in medium supplemented with NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and ammonia compared to medium containing yeast extract, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O, and MgSO<sub>4</sub>∙7H<sub>2</sub>O. On the other hand, the higher dilution of SSL resulted in a better fermentability, and better consumption of sugars and acetic acid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title="ethanol">ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filamentous%20fungi" title=" filamentous fungi"> filamentous fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20biomass" title=" fungal biomass"> fungal biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20sulfite%20liquor" title=" spent sulfite liquor"> spent sulfite liquor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53168/ethanol-and-biomass-production-from-spent-sulfite-liquor-by-filamentous-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Design and Optimisation of 2-Oxoglutarate Dioxygenase Expression in Escherichia coli Strains for Production of Bioethylene from Crude Glycerol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idan%20Chiyanzu">Idan Chiyanzu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maruping%20Mangena"> Maruping Mangena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crude glycerol, a major by-product from the transesterification of triacylglycerides with alcohol to biodiesel, is known to have a broad range of applications. For example, its bioconversion can afford a wide range of chemicals including alcohols, organic acids, hydrogen, solvents and intermediate compounds. In bacteria, the 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (2-OGD) enzymes are widely found among the Pseudomonas syringae species and have been recognized with an emerging importance in ethylene formation. However, the use of optimized enzyme function in recombinant systems for crude glycerol conversion to ethylene is still not been reported. The present study investigated the production of ethylene from crude glycerol using engineered E. coli MG1655 and JM109 strains. Ethylene production with an optimized expression system for 2-OGD in E. coli using a codon optimized construct of the ethylene-forming gene was studied. The codon-optimization resulted in a 20-fold increase of protein production and thus an enhanced production of the ethylene gas. For a reliable bioreactor performance, the effect of temperature, fermentation time, pH, substrate concentration, the concentration of methanol, concentration of potassium hydroxide and media supplements on ethylene yield was investigated. The results demonstrate that the recombinant enzyme can be used for future studies to exploit the conversion of low-priced crude glycerol into advanced value products like light olefins, and tools including recombineering techniques for DNA, molecular biology, and bioengineering can be used to allowing unlimited the production of ethylene directly from the fermentation of crude glycerol. It can be concluded that recombinant E.coli production systems represent significantly secure, renewable and environmentally safe alternative to thermochemical approach to ethylene production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20glycerol" title="crude glycerol">crude glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethylene" title=" bioethylene"> bioethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinant%20E.%20coli" title=" recombinant E. coli"> recombinant E. coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54648/design-and-optimisation-of-2-oxoglutarate-dioxygenase-expression-in-escherichia-coli-strains-for-production-of-bioethylene-from-crude-glycerol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Comparison of Growth Medium Efficiency into Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Shoot Biomass and Stevioside Content in Thin-Layer System, TIS RITA® Bioreactor, and Bubble Column Bioreactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurhayati%20Br%20Tarigan">Nurhayati Br Tarigan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizkita%20Rachmi%20Esyanti"> Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) has a great potential to be used as a natural sweetener because it contains steviol glycoside, which is approximately 100 - 300 times sweeter than sucrose, yet low calories. Vegetative and generative propagation of S. rebaudiana is inefficient to produce stevia biomass and stevioside. One of alternative for stevia propagation is in vitro shoot culture. This research was conducted to optimize the best medium for shoot growth and to compare the bioconversion efficiency and stevioside production of S. rebaudiana shoot culture cultivated in thin layer culture (TLC), recipient for automated temporary immersion system (TIS RITA®) bioreactor, and bubble column bioreactor. The result showed that 1 ppm of Kinetin produced a healthy shoot and the highest number of leaves compared to BAP. Shoots were then cultivated in TLC, TIS RITA® bioreactor, and bubble column bioreactor. Growth medium efficiency was determined by yield and productivity. TLC produced the highest growth medium efficiency of S. rebaudiana, the yield was 0.471 ± 0.117 gbiomass.gsubstrate-1, and the productivity was 0.599 ± 0.122 gbiomass.Lmedium-1.day-1. While TIS RITA® bioreactor produced the lowest yield and productivity, 0.182 ± 0.024 gbiomass.gsubstrate-1 and 0.041 ± 0.0002 gbiomass.Lmedium-1.day-1 respectively. The yield of bubble column bioreactor was 0.354 ± 0.204 gbiomass.gsubstrate-1 and the productivity was 0,099 ± 0,009 gbiomass.Lmedium-1.day-1. The stevioside content from the highest to the lowest was obtained from stevia shoot which was cultivated on TLC, TIS RITA® bioreactor, and bubble column bioreactor; the content was 93,44 μg/g, 42,57 μg/g, and 23,03 μg/g respectively. All three systems could be used to produce stevia shoot biomass, but optimization on the number of nutrition and oxygen intake was required in each system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20column" title="bubble column">bubble column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20medium%20efficiency" title=" growth medium efficiency"> growth medium efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stevia%20rebaudiana" title=" Stevia rebaudiana"> Stevia rebaudiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stevioside" title=" stevioside"> stevioside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIS%20RITA%C2%AE" title=" TIS RITA®"> TIS RITA®</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLC" title=" TLC"> TLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54234/comparison-of-growth-medium-efficiency-into-stevia-stevia-rebaudiana-bertoni-shoot-biomass-and-stevioside-content-in-thin-layer-system-tis-rita-bioreactor-and-bubble-column-bioreactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Comparative Study of the Quality of Treated Water and Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Peri-Urban Area of Casablanca</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meryem%20Zarri">Meryem Zarri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohame%20Tahiri"> Mohame Tahiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20Amraoui"> Fouad Amraoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of water resources shortage that Morocco is experiencing in recent years, the mobilization of non-conventional resources becomes a necessity. The reuse of treated water and the bioconversion of biological sewage sludge into value-added products is considered an environmentally friendly and economical approach to the management of this significant resource which represent at least 80 % of consumed fresh wate In this work, we compare the quality of treated water and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in the peri-urban Casablanca by analyzing different physicochemical and bacteriological parameters. The choice was made for three wastewater plants installed in different regions and monitored either by LYDEC and Commune of Had Soualem and use different technologies. Recycling of treated water in agriculture and watering of green spaces is dependent on the compliance of the parameters with international standards (WHO, FAO, …etc.) The preliminary tests of the samples taken during the second half of the year 2021 showed that the advanced technologies put in place at the level of the Mediouna and the airport zone stations (membrane reactor and activated sludge, respectively) give water to the output of the stations more respectful of the standards required in terms of physicochemical parameters (pH, Conductivity, Tubidity, COD, BOD5, TNK, and TPK) and bacteriological (fecal germs, Escherichia Coli, streptococci, Helminthes eggs). The parameters relating to the Had Soualem natural lagoon station are generally at the tolerance’s threshold. The results of analyzes relating to the residual sludge collected at the end of the cycle are, on the whole satisfactory despite a fluctuating variability of the bacteriological parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20wastewater%20treatment%20plants" title="urban wastewater treatment plants">urban wastewater treatment plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purified%20wastewater" title=" purified wastewater"> purified wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge" title=" sewage sludge"> sewage sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20parameters" title=" physicochemical parameters"> physicochemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriological%20parameters" title=" bacteriological parameters"> bacteriological parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peri-urban%20area%20of%20%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bcasablanca" title=" peri-urban area of casablanca"> peri-urban area of casablanca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morocco" title=" morocco"> morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148253/comparative-study-of-the-quality-of-treated-water-and-sludge-from-wastewater-treatment-plants-in-the-peri-urban-area-of-casablanca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Bioconversion of Capsaicin Using the Optimized Culture Broth of Lipase Producing Bacterium of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doostishoar%20Farzad">Doostishoar Farzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forootanfar%20Hamid"> Forootanfar Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan-Bikdashti%20Morvarid"> Hasan-Bikdashti Morvarid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faramarzi%20Mohammad%20Ali"> Faramarzi Mohammad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameri%20Atefe"> Ameri Atefe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Chili peppers and related plants in the family of capsaicum produce a mixture of capsaicins represent anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and chemopreventive properties. Vanillylamine, the main product of capsaicin hydrolysis is applied as a precursor for manufacturing of natural vanillin (a famous flavor). It is also used in the production of synthetic capsaicins harboring a wide variety of physiological and biological activities such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects as well as enhancing of adrenal catecholamine secretion, analgesic, and antioxidative activities. The ability of some lipases, such as Novozym 677 BG and Novozym 435 and also some proteases e.g. trypsine and penicillin acylase, in capsaicin hydrolysis and green synthesis of vanillylamine has been investigated. In the present study the optimized culture broth of a newly isolated lipase-producing bacterial strain (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) applied for the hydrolysis of capsaicin. Materials and methods: In order to compare hydrolytic activity of optimized and basal culture broth through capsaicin 2 mL of each culture broth (as sources of lipase) was introduced to capsaicin solution (500 mg/L) and then the reaction mixture (total volume of 3 mL) was incubated at 40 °C and 120 rpm. Samples were taken every 2 h and analyzed for vanillylamine formation using HPLC. Same reaction mixture containing boiled supernatant (to inactivate lipase) designed as blank and each experiment was done in triplicate. Results: 215 mg/L of vanillylamine was produced after the treatment of capsaicin using the optimized medium for 18 h, while only 61 mg/L of vanillylamine was detected in presence of the basal medium under the same conditions. No capsaicin conversion was observed in the blank sample, in which lipase activity was suppressed by boiling of the sample for 10 min. Conclusion: The application of optimized broth culture for the hydrolysis of capsaicin led to a 43% conversion of that pungent compound to vanillylamine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20synthesis" title=" green synthesis"> green synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipase" title=" lipase"> lipase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stenotrophomonas%20maltophilia" title=" stenotrophomonas maltophilia"> stenotrophomonas maltophilia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25327/bioconversion-of-capsaicin-using-the-optimized-culture-broth-of-lipase-producing-bacterium-of-stenotrophomonas-maltophilia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Development of a Two-Step 'Green' Process for (-) Ambrafuran Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucia%20Steenkamp">Lucia Steenkamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20V.%20D.%20Westhuyzen"> Chris V. D. Westhuyzen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kgama%20Mathiba"> Kgama Mathiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ambergris, and more specifically its oxidation product (–)-ambrafuran, is a scarce, valuable, and sought-after perfumery ingredient. The material is used as a fixative agent to stabilise perfumes in formulations by reducing the evaporation rate of volatile substances. Ambergris is a metabolic product of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephatus L.), resulting from intestinal irritation. Chemically, (–)-ambrafuran is produced from the natural product sclareol in eight synthetic steps – in the process using harsh and often toxic chemicals to do so. An overall yield of no more than 76% can be achieved in some routes, but generally, this is lower. A new 'green' route has been developed in our laboratory in which sclareol, extracted from the Clary sage plant, is converted to (–)-ambrafuran in two steps with an overall yield in excess of 80%. The first step uses a microorganism, Hyphozyma roseoniger, to bioconvert sclareol to an intermediate diol using substrate concentrations up to 50g/L. The yield varies between 90 and 67% depending on the substrate concentration used. The purity of the diol product is 95%, and the diol is used without further purification in the next step. The intermediate diol is then cyclodehydrated to the final product (–)-ambrafuran using a zeolite, which is not harmful to the environment and is readily recycled. The yield of the product is 96%, and following a single recrystallization, the purity of the product is > 99.5%. A preliminary LC-MS study of the bioconversion identified several intermediates produced in the fermentation broth under oxygen-restricted conditions. Initially, a short-lived ketone is produced in equilibrium with a more stable pyranol, a key intermediate in the process. The latter is oxidised under Norrish type I cleavage conditions to yield an acetate, which is hydrolysed either chemically or under lipase action to afford the primary fermentation product, an intermediate diol. All the intermediates identified point to the likely CYP450 action as the key enzyme(s) in the mechanism. This invention is an exceptional example of how the power of biocatalysis, combined with a mild, benign chemical step, can be deployed to replace a total chemical synthesis of a specific chiral antipode of a commercially relevant material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambrafuran" title="ambrafuran">ambrafuran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocatalysis" title=" biocatalysis"> biocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragrance" title=" fragrance"> fragrance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganism" title=" microorganism"> microorganism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123567/development-of-a-two-step-green-process-for-ambrafuran-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Fermentation of Pretreated Herbaceous Cellulosic Wastes to Ethanol by Anaerobic Cellulolytic and Saccharolytic Thermophilic Clostridia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lali%20Kutateladze">Lali Kutateladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Urushadze"> Tamar Urushadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Dudauri"> Tamar Dudauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Besarion%20Metreveli"> Besarion Metreveli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Zakariashvili"> Nino Zakariashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izolda%20Khokhashvili"> Izolda Khokhashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Jobava"> Maya Jobava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lignocellulosic waste streams from agriculture, paper and wood industry are renewable, plentiful and low-cost raw materials that can be used for large-scale production of liquid and gaseous biofuels. As opposed to prevailing multi-stage biotechnological processes developed for bioconversion of cellulosic substrates to ethanol where high-cost cellulase preparations are used, Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP) offers to accomplish cellulose and xylan hydrolysis followed by fermentation of both C6 and C5 sugars to ethanol in a single-stage process. Syntrophic microbial consortium comprising of anaerobic, thermophilic, cellulolytic, and saccharolytic bacteria in the genus Clostridia with improved ethanol productivity and high tolerance to fermentation end-products had been proposed for achieving CBP. 65 new strains of anaerobic thermophilic cellulolytic and saccharolytic Clostridia were isolated from different wetlands and hot springs in Georgia. Using new isolates, fermentation of mechanically pretreated wheat straw and corn stalks was done under oxygen-free nitrogen environment in thermophilic conditions (T=550C) and pH 7.1. Process duration was 120 hours. Liquid and gaseous products of fermentation were analyzed on a daily basis using Perkin-Elmer gas chromatographs with flame ionization and thermal detectors. Residual cellulose, xylan, xylose, and glucose were determined using standard methods. Cellulolytic and saccharolytic bacteria strains degraded mechanically pretreated herbaceous cellulosic wastes and fermented glucose and xylose to ethanol, acetic acid and gaseous products like hydrogen and CO2. Specifically, maximum yield of ethanol was reached at 96 h of fermentation and varied between 2.9 – 3.2 g/ 10 g of substrate. The content of acetic acid didn’t exceed 0.35 g/l. Other volatile fatty acids were detected in trace quantities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20bacteria" title="anaerobic bacteria">anaerobic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulosic%20wastes" title=" cellulosic wastes"> cellulosic wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clostridia%20sp" title=" Clostridia sp"> Clostridia sp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76441/fermentation-of-pretreated-herbaceous-cellulosic-wastes-to-ethanol-by-anaerobic-cellulolytic-and-saccharolytic-thermophilic-clostridia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Purification and Characterization of a Novel Extracellular Chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis LHH100</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laribi-Habchi%20Hasiba">Laribi-Habchi Hasiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouanane-Darenfed%20Amel"> Bouanane-Darenfed Amel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drouiche%20Nadjib"> Drouiche Nadjib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pausse%20Andr%C3%A9"> Pausse André</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mameri%20Nabil"> Mameri Nabil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chitin, a linear 1, 4-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polysaccharide is the major structural component of fungal cell walls, insect exoskeletons and shells of crustaceans. It is one of the most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharides and has attracted tremendous attention in the fields of agriculture, pharmacology and biotechnology. Each year, a vast amount of chitin waste is released from the aquatic food industry, where crustaceans (prawn, crab, Shrimp and lobster) constitute one of the main agricultural products. This creates a serious environmental problem. This linear polymer can be hydrolyzed by bases, acids or enzymes such as chitinase. In this context an extracellular chitinase (ChiA-65) was produced and purified from a newly isolated LHH100. Pure protein was obtained after heat treatment and ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. Based on matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis, the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 65,195.13 Da. The sequence of the 27 N-terminal residues of the mature ChiA-65 showed high homology with family-18 chitinases. Optimal activity was achieved at pH 4 and 75◦C. Among the inhibitors and metals tested p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, Hg2+ and Hg + completelyinhibited enzyme activity. Chitinase activity was high on colloidal chitin, glycol chitin, glycol chitosane, chitotriose and chitooligosaccharide. Chitinase activity towards synthetic substrates in the order of p-NP-(GlcNAc) n (n = 2–4) was p-NP-(GlcNAc)2> p-NP-(GlcNAc)4> p-NP-(GlcNAc)3. Our results suggest that ChiA-65 preferentially hydrolyzed the second glycosidic link from the non-reducing end of (GlcNAc) n. ChiA-65 obeyed Michaelis Menten kinetics the Km and kcat values being 0.385 mg, colloidal chitin/ml and5000 s−1, respectively. ChiA-65 exhibited remarkable biochemical properties suggesting that this enzyme is suitable for bioconversion of chitin waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20licheniformis%20LHH100" title="Bacillus licheniformis LHH100">Bacillus licheniformis LHH100</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracellular%20chitinase" title=" extracellular chitinase"> extracellular chitinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification" title=" purification "> purification </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27008/purification-and-characterization-of-a-novel-extracellular-chitinase-from-bacillus-licheniformis-lhh100" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Anaerobic Co-digestion in Two-Phase TPAD System of Sewage Sludge and Fish Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20L%C3%B3pez">Rocio López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miriam%20Tena"> Miriam Tena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrat%20P%C3%A9rez"> Montserrat Pérez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosario%20Solera"> Rosario Solera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biotransformation of organic waste into biogas is considered an interesting alternative for the production of clean energy from renewable sources by reducing the volume and organic content of waste Anaerobic digestion is considered one of the most efficient technologies to transform waste into fertilizer and biogas in order to obtain electrical energy or biofuel within the concept of the circular economy. Currently, three types of anaerobic processes have been developed on a commercial scale: (1) single-stage process where sludge bioconversion is completed in a single chamber, (2) two-stage process where the acidogenic and methanogenic stages are separated into two chambers and, finally, (3) temperature-phase sequencing (TPAD) process that combines a thermophilic pretreatment unit prior to mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Two-stage processes can provide hydrogen and methane with easier control of the first and second stage conditions producing higher total energy recovery and substrate degradation than single-stage processes. On the other hand, co-digestion is the simultaneous anaerobic digestion of a mixture of two or more substrates. The technology is similar to anaerobic digestion but is a more attractive option as it produces increased methane yields due to the positive synergism of the mixtures in the digestion medium thus increasing the economic viability of biogas plants. The present study focuses on the energy recovery by anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and waste from the aquaculture-fishing sector. The valorization is approached through the application of a temperature sequential phase process or TPAD technology (Temperature - Phased Anaerobic Digestion). Moreover, two-phase of microorganisms is considered. Thus, the selected process allows the development of a thermophilic acidogenic phase followed by a mesophilic methanogenic phase to obtain hydrogen (H₂) in the first stage and methane (CH₄) in the second stage. The combination of these technologies makes it possible to unify all the advantages of these anaerobic digestion processes individually. To achieve these objectives, a sequential study has been carried out in which the biochemical potential of hydrogen (BHP) is tested followed by a BMP test, which will allow checking the feasibility of the two-stage process. The best results obtained were high total and soluble COD yields (59.8% and 82.67%, respectively) as well as H₂ production rates of 12LH₂/kg SVadded and methane of 28.76 L CH₄/kg SVadded for TPAD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20co-digestion" title="anaerobic co-digestion">anaerobic co-digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPAD" title=" TPAD"> TPAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase" title=" two-phase"> two-phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BHP" title=" BHP"> BHP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMP" title=" BMP"> BMP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge" title=" sewage sludge"> sewage sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20waste" title=" fish waste"> fish waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143315/anaerobic-co-digestion-in-two-phase-tpad-system-of-sewage-sludge-and-fish-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Isolation and Selection of Strains Perspective for Sewage Sludge Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zh.%20Aupova">A. Zh. Aupova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ulankyzy"> A. Ulankyzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sarsenova"> A. Sarsenova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kussayin"> A. Kussayin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Turarbek"> Sh. Turarbek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Moldagulova"> N. Moldagulova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kurmanbayev"> A. Kurmanbayev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the methods of organic waste bioconversion into environmentally-friendly fertilizer is composting. Microorganisms that produce hydrolytic enzymes play a significant role in accelerating the process of organic waste composting. We studied the enzymatic potential (amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase, urease activity) of bacteria isolated from the sewage sludge of Nur-Sultan, Rudny, and Fort-Shevchenko cities, the dacha soil of Nur-Sultan city, and freshly cut grass from the dacha for processing organic waste and identifying active strains. Microorganism isolation was carried out by the cultures enrichment method on liquid nutrient media, followed by inoculating on different solid media to isolate individual colonies. As a result, sixty-one microorganisms were isolated, three of which were thermophiles (DS1, DS2, and DS3). The highest number of isolates, twenty-one and eighteen, were isolated from sewage sludge of Nur-Sultan and Rudny cities, respectively. Ten isolates were isolated from the wastewater of the sewage treatment plant in Fort-Shevchenko. From the dacha soil of Nur-Sultan city and freshly cut grass - 9 and 5 isolates were revealed, respectively. The lipolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulolytic, ureolytic, and oil-oxidizing activities of isolates were studied. According to the results of experiments, starch hydrolysis (amylolytic activity) was found in 2 isolates - CB2/2, and CB2/1. Three isolates - CB2, CB2/1, and CB1/1 were selected for the highest ability to break down casein. Among isolated 61 bacterial cultures, three isolates could break down fats - CB3, CBG1/1, and IL3. Seven strains had cellulolytic activity - DS1, DS2, IL3, IL5, P2, P5, and P3. Six isolates rapidly decomposed urea. Isolate P1 could break down casein and cellulose. Isolate DS3 was a thermophile and had cellulolytic activity. Thus, based on the conducted studies, 15 isolates were selected as a potential for sewage sludge composting - CB2, CB3, CB1/1, CB2/2, CBG1/1, CB2/1, DS1, DS2, DS3, IL3, IL5, P1, P2, P5, P3. Selected strains were identified on a mass spectrometer (Maldi-TOF). The isolate - CB 3 was referred to the genus Rhodococcus rhodochrous; two isolates CB2 and CB1 / 1 - to Bacillus cereus, CB 2/2 - to Cryseobacterium arachidis, CBG 1/1 - to Pseudoxanthomonas sp., CB2/1 - to Bacillus megaterium, DS1 - to Pediococcus acidilactici, DS2 - to Paenibacillus residui, DS3 - to Brevibacillus invocatus, three strains IL3, P5, P3 - to Enterobacter cloacae, two strains IL5, P2 - to Ochrobactrum intermedium, and P1 - Bacillus lichenoformis. Hence, 60 isolates were isolated from the wastewater of the cities of Nur-Sultan, Rudny, Fort-Shevchenko, the dacha soil of Nur-Sultan city, and freshly cut grass from the dacha. Based on the highest enzymatic activity, 15 active isolates were selected and identified. These strains may become the candidates for bio preparation for sewage sludge processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge" title="sewage sludge">sewage sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composting" title=" composting"> composting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20activity" title=" enzymatic activity"> enzymatic activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151903/isolation-and-selection-of-strains-perspective-for-sewage-sludge-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Detection of Triclosan in Water Based on Nanostructured Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Magalh%C3%A3es-Mota">G. Magalhães-Mota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Magro"> C. Magro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S%C3%A9rio"> S. Sério</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Mateus"> E. Mateus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20A.%20Ribeiro"> P. A. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Ribeiro"> A. B. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Raposo"> M. Raposo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol], belonging to the class of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and bactericide. Because of its antimicrobial efficacy, it is widely used in personal health and skin care products, such as soaps, detergents, hand cleansers, cosmetics, toothpastes, etc. However, it has been considered to disrupt the endocrine system, for instance, thyroid hormone homeostasis and possibly the reproductive system. Considering the widespread use of triclosan, it is expected that environmental and food safety problems regarding triclosan will increase dramatically. Triclosan has been found in river water samples in both North America and Europe and is likely widely distributed wherever triclosan-containing products are used. Although significant amounts are removed in sewage plants, considerable quantities remain in the sewage effluent, initiating widespread environmental contamination. Triclosan undergoes bioconversion to methyl-triclosan, which has been demonstrated to bio accumulate in fish. In addition, triclosan has been found in human urine samples from persons with no known industrial exposure and in significant amounts in samples of mother's milk, demonstrating its presence in humans. The action of sunlight in river water is known to turn triclosan into dioxin derivatives and raises the possibility of pharmacological dangers not envisioned when the compound was originally utilized. The aim of this work is to detect low concentrations of triclosan in an aqueous complex matrix through the use of a sensor array system, following the electronic tongue concept based on impedance spectroscopy. To achieve this goal, we selected the appropriate molecules to the sensor so that there is a high affinity for triclosan and whose sensitivity ensures the detection of concentrations of at least nano-molar. Thin films of organic molecules and oxides have been produced by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique and sputtered onto glass solid supports already covered by gold interdigitated electrodes. By submerging the films in complex aqueous solutions with different concentrations of triclosan, resistance and capacitance values were obtained at different frequencies. The preliminary results showed that an array of interdigitated electrodes sensor coated or uncoated with different LbL and films, can be used to detect TCS traces in aqueous solutions in a wide range concentration, from 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁶ M. The PCA method was applied to the measured data, in order to differentiate the solutions with different concentrations of TCS. Moreover, was also possible to trace a curve, the plot of the logarithm of resistance versus the logarithm of concentration, which allowed us to fit the plotted data points with a decreasing straight line with a slope of 0.022 ± 0.006 which corresponds to the best sensitivity of our sensor. To find the sensor resolution near of the smallest concentration (Cs) used, 1pM, the minimum measured value which can be measured with resolution is 0.006, so the ∆logC =0.006/0.022=0.273, and, therefore, C-Cs~0.9 pM. This leads to a sensor resolution of 0.9 pM for the smallest concentration used, 1pM. This attained detection limit is lower than the values obtained in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triclosan" title="triclosan">triclosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer" title=" layer-by-layer"> layer-by-layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" impedance spectroscopy"> impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20tongue" title=" electronic tongue"> electronic tongue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63514/detection-of-triclosan-in-water-based-on-nanostructured-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioconversion&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioconversion&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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