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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jens Rasmussen</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">11 May 1926<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Ribe, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 February 2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Danish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">dynamic safety model, risk management framework, skill-rule-knowledge model, abstraction hierarchy, ecological interface design, AcciMaps</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">safety science</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jens Rasmussen</b> (11 May 1926 – 5 February 2018) was a <a href="/wiki/System_safety" title="System safety">system safety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors">human factors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_systems_engineering" title="Cognitive systems engineering">cognitive systems engineering</a> researcher at the <a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%B8_DTU_National_Laboratory_for_Sustainable_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy">Risø National Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Risø">Risø</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. He was highly influential within the field of safety science, <a href="/wiki/Human_error" title="Human error">human error</a> and accident research. His contributions include the <a href="/wiki/Ecological_interface_design#The_Skills,_Rules,_Knowledge_(SRK)_framework" title="Ecological interface design">skills, rules, knowledge (SRK) framework</a>, risk management framework, dynamic safety model, <a href="/wiki/AcciMap_Approach" class="mw-redirect" title="AcciMap Approach">AcciMap Approach</a>, and others. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rasmussen was born in <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">Ribe</a>, Denmark. In 1950, he earned an M.Sc. degree in electronic engineering,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a background in control engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After completing his degree, he worked for several years at the Radio Receiver Research Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, Rasmussen was recruited to work at the Danish Atomic Energy Commission. After several years, he was named the head of the Electronics Department at the Atomic Research Establishment Risø (eventually renamed <a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%B8_DTU_National_Laboratory_for_Sustainable_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy">Risø National Laboratory</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, Rasmussen was appointed Research Professor at both the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%B8_DTU_National_Laboratory_for_Sustainable_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy">Risø National Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamic_safety_model">Dynamic safety model</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dynamic safety model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rasmussen proposed a state-based model of a socio-technical system as a system that moves within a region of a state space.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is surrounded by three boundaries: </p> <ul><li>economic failure</li> <li>unacceptable work load</li> <li>functionality acceptable performance</li></ul> <p>Incentives push the system towards the boundary of acceptable performance: accidents happen when the boundary is exceeded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Risk_management_framework">Risk management framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Risk management framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rasmussen proposed a multi-layer view of socio-technical systems, with hazardous processes and work at the lowest level, and government at the highest level.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The different levels involve different research disciplines (e.g., mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering at the lowest level, political science, law, economics, and sociology at the highest level, and other domains in-between) and different environmental stressors (e.g., changing political climate at the top level, fast pace of technological change at the lowest level) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skills,_rules,_knowledge_(SRK)_framework"><span id="Skills.2C_rules.2C_knowledge_.28SRK.29_framework"></span>Skills, rules, knowledge (SRK) framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Skills, rules, knowledge (SRK) framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Ecological_interface_design#The_Skills,_Rules,_Knowledge_(SRK)_framework" title="Ecological interface design">Skills, Rules, Knowledge (SRK) framework</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abstraction_hierarchy">Abstraction hierarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Abstraction hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Ecological_interface_design#The_abstraction_hierarchy" title="Ecological interface design">the abstraction hierarchy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecological_interface_design">Ecological interface design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ecological interface design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Ecological_interface_design" title="Ecological interface design">Ecological interface design</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AcciMaps">AcciMaps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: AcciMaps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/AcciMap_approach" title="AcciMap approach">AcciMap approach</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJens_Rasmussen,_Annelise_M._Pejtersen,_L.P.Goodstein1994" class="citation book cs1">Jens Rasmussen, Annelise M. Pejtersen, L.P.Goodstein (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKUoAQAAMAAJ"><i>Cognitive Systems Engineering</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0471011983" title="Special:BookSources/0471011983"><bdi>0471011983</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cognitive+Systems+Engineering&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0471011983&rft.au=Jens+Rasmussen%2C+Annelise+M.+Pejtersen%2C+L.P.Goodstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrKUoAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJens_Rasmussen1986" class="citation book cs1">Jens Rasmussen (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKUoAQAAMAAJ"><i>Information processing and human-machine interaction: an approach to cognitive engineering</i></a>. North-Holland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780444009876" title="Special:BookSources/9780444009876"><bdi>9780444009876</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Information+processing+and+human-machine+interaction%3A+an+approach+to+cognitive+engineering&rft.pub=North-Holland&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780444009876&rft.au=Jens+Rasmussen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrKUoAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jens Rasmussen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/proactive-risk-management-in-a-dynamic-society"><i>Proactive Risk Management in a Dynamic Society</i>. Swedish Rescue Services Agency</a>. ISBN 9172530847.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papers">Papers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussenJensen1974" class="citation journal cs1">Rasmussen, Jens; Jensen, A (1974). "Mental procedures in real-life tasks: a case study of electronic trouble shooting". <i>Ergonomics</i>. <b>17</b> (3): 293–307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00140137408931355">10.1080/00140137408931355</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4442376">4442376</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Mental+procedures+in+real-life+tasks%3A+a+case+study+of+electronic+trouble+shooting&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=293-307&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00140137408931355&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4442376&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft.au=Jensen%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussen1983" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Rasmussen, Jens (May–June 1983). "Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models". <i>IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics</i>. SMC-13 (3): 257–266. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTSMC.1983.6313160">10.1109/TSMC.1983.6313160</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1525146">1525146</a> – via IEEE Xplore.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Systems%2C+Man%2C+and+Cybernetics&rft.atitle=Skills%2C+rules%2C+and+knowledge%3B+signals%2C+signs%2C+and+symbols%2C+and+other+distinctions+in+human+performance+models&rft.volume=SMC-13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=257-266&rft.date=1983-05%2F1983-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTSMC.1983.6313160&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1525146%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookRasmussen2005" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, Richard; Rasmussen, Jens (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/14/2/130">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Going solid": a model of system dynamics and consequences for patient safety"</a>. <i>BMJ Quality & Safety</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 130–134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fqshc.2003.009530">10.1136/qshc.2003.009530</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1743994">1743994</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15805459">15805459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Quality+%26+Safety&rft.atitle=%22Going+solid%22%3A+a+model+of+system+dynamics+and+consequences+for+patient+safety&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=130-134&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1743994%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15805459&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fqshc.2003.009530&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Jens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqualitysafety.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F14%2F2%2F130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Rasmussen_(human_factors_expert)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatersonLe_CozeAndersen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Waterson, Patrick; Le Coze, Jean-Christophe; Andersen, Henning Boje (March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003687016302150">"Recurring themes in the legacy of Jens Rasmussen"</a>. <i>Applied Ergonomics</i>. <b>59</b> (Pt B): 471–482. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apergo.2016.10.002">10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27765154">27765154</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29824909">29824909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Recurring+themes+in+the+legacy+of+Jens+Rasmussen&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=Pt+B&rft.pages=471-482&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29824909%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27765154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.apergo.2016.10.002&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Le+Coze%2C+Jean-Christophe&rft.au=Andersen%2C+Henning+Boje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0003687016302150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlach2020" class="citation book cs1">Flach, John (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1117930294"><i>A meaning processing approach to cognition : what matters?</i></a>. Fred Voorhorst. New York, NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-40428-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-40428-4"><bdi>978-0-367-40428-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1117930294">1117930294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+meaning+processing+approach+to+cognition+%3A+what+matters%3F&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1117930294&rft.isbn=978-0-367-40428-4&rft.aulast=Flach&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1117930294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussen1997" class="citation journal cs1">Rasmussen, Jens (November 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925753597000520">"Risk management in a dynamic society: a modelling problem"</a>. <i>Safety Science</i>. <b>27</b> (2–3): 183–213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0925-7535%2897%2900052-0">10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00052-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54965024">54965024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Safety+Science&rft.atitle=Risk+management+in+a+dynamic+society%3A+a+modelling+problem&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=183-213&rft.date=1997-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0925-7535%2897%2900052-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54965024%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0925753597000520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJens+Rasmussen+%28human+factors+expert%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" 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