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For this purpose it is composed a system of six nonlinear differential equations. To determine the 3D... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35844558" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract:  The three dimensional (3D) flight of a golf ball at taking into account the Magnus effect is studied in the paper. For this purpose it is composed a system of six nonlinear differential equations. To determine the 3D orientation of the ball the rotations around all three axes are given by the so-called Cardan angles instead of classical Euler ones. The high nonlinear system differential equations are solved numerically by a special program created in the MatLab-Simulink environment. It is founded the laws of motion, velocities and accelerations on all six coordinates, as well as the projections of trajectory on the three coordinate planes. The presented analytical base and numerical results in the paper increasing and expanding the knowledge in the theory of general motion of spherical solid and leads to new more extensive research in this complicated area.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35844558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2f07f85b14ba5fac65bd38b45ea80d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55723176,"asset_id":35844558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55723176/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9378185" href="https://uctm.academia.edu/JulianaJavorova">Juliana Javorova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9378185" type="text/json">{"id":9378185,"first_name":"Juliana","last_name":"Javorova","domain_name":"uctm","page_name":"JulianaJavorova","display_name":"Juliana Javorova","profile_url":"https://uctm.academia.edu/JulianaJavorova?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9378185/2994060/3574264/s65_juliana.javorova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35844558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35844558"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35844558, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35844558", }); 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For this purpose it is composed a system of six nonlinear differential equations. To determine the 3D orientation of the ball the rotations around all three axes are given by the so-called Cardan angles instead of classical Euler ones. The high nonlinear system differential equations are solved numerically by a special program created in the MatLab-Simulink environment. It is founded the laws of motion, velocities and accelerations on all six coordinates, as well as the projections of trajectory on the three coordinate planes. The presented analytical base and numerical results in the paper increasing and expanding the knowledge in the theory of general motion of spherical solid and leads to new more extensive research in this complicated area.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55723176,"asset_id":35844558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9378185,"first_name":"Juliana","last_name":"Javorova","domain_name":"uctm","page_name":"JulianaJavorova","display_name":"Juliana Javorova","profile_url":"https://uctm.academia.edu/JulianaJavorova?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9378185/2994060/3574264/s65_juliana.javorova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2435,"name":"Fluid Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":10875,"name":"Aerodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerodynamics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":49905,"name":"Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":95228,"name":"Physics, Geometry and Kinematics of the Golf Swing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics_Geometry_and_Kinematics_of_the_Golf_Swing?f_ri=512"},{"id":156173,"name":"Golf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Golf?f_ri=512"},{"id":300330,"name":"Matlab \u0026 Simulink programming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matlab_and_Simulink_programming?f_ri=512"},{"id":897837,"name":"Matematical Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matematical_Modelling?f_ri=512"},{"id":1211728,"name":"Sports Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Science-1?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43509557" data-work_id="43509557" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43509557/Mechanics_of_materials_solution_manual">Mechanics of materials solution manual</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">mechanics of materials solution manual. Chapter# 6-14</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43509557" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a073dde6b0b6697064ed54a502140187" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63819810,"asset_id":43509557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63819810/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="75422287" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UmerMalik38">Umer Malik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="75422287" type="text/json">{"id":75422287,"first_name":"Umer","last_name":"Malik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UmerMalik38","display_name":"Umer Malik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UmerMalik38?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75422287/19497654/19406912/s65_umer.malik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43509557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43509557"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43509557, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43509557", }); 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Hibbeler</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Download Full Version Here: <br /> <br /><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/booksaz/pdfsolutions-manual-for-mechanics-of-materials" rel="nofollow">https://sites.google.com/view/booksaz/pdfsolutions-manual-for-mechanics-of-materials</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42255668" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="150203446" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/DovieCunha">Dovie Cunha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="150203446" type="text/json">{"id":150203446,"first_name":"Dovie","last_name":"Cunha","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"DovieCunha","display_name":"Dovie Cunha","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DovieCunha?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42255668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42255668"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42255668, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42255668", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42255668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42255668; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42255668"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42255668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42255668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42255668; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42255668]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42255668").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42255668").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42255668"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32984" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics_of_Materials">Mechanics of Materials</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32984" type="text/json">{"id":32984,"name":"Mechanics of Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics_of_Materials?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42255668]'), work: {"id":42255668,"title":"Solutions Manual for Mechanics of Materials 9th Edition by Russell C. Hibbeler","created_at":"2020-03-18T22:07:19.619-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42255668/Solutions_Manual_for_Mechanics_of_Materials_9th_Edition_by_Russell_C_Hibbeler?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_42255668","summary":"Download Full Version Here:\r\n\r\nhttps://sites.google.com/view/booksaz/pdfsolutions-manual-for-mechanics-of-materials","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":150203446,"first_name":"Dovie","last_name":"Cunha","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"DovieCunha","display_name":"Dovie Cunha","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/DovieCunha?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":32984,"name":"Mechanics of Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics_of_Materials?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41032249" data-work_id="41032249" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41032249/G%C3%96K_MEKAN%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0_UYGULAMA_SORULARI">GÖK MEKANİĞİ UYGULAMA SORULARI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">GÖK MEKANİĞİ</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41032249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="854a701f6461996270f9badd3e746b30" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61309658,"asset_id":41032249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61309658/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57509874" href="https://ege.academia.edu/HakiSavci">Haki Savci</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57509874" type="text/json">{"id":57509874,"first_name":"Haki","last_name":"Savci","domain_name":"ege","page_name":"HakiSavci","display_name":"Haki Savci","profile_url":"https://ege.academia.edu/HakiSavci?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57509874/15087551/51515022/s65_haki.savci.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41032249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41032249"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41032249, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41032249", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41032249]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41032249").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41032249").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41032249"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23179" type="text/json">{"id":23179,"name":"Astrophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrophysics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47599" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astronomy">Astronomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47599" type="text/json">{"id":47599,"name":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astronomy?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171343" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celestial_Mechanics">Celestial Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="171343" type="text/json">{"id":171343,"name":"Celestial Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celestial_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41032249]'), work: {"id":41032249,"title":"GÖK MEKANİĞİ UYGULAMA SORULARI","created_at":"2019-11-23T05:52:18.061-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41032249/G%C3%96K_MEKAN%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0_UYGULAMA_SORULARI?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_41032249","summary":"GÖK MEKANİĞİ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61309658,"asset_id":41032249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57509874,"first_name":"Haki","last_name":"Savci","domain_name":"ege","page_name":"HakiSavci","display_name":"Haki Savci","profile_url":"https://ege.academia.edu/HakiSavci?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57509874/15087551/51515022/s65_haki.savci.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":23179,"name":"Astrophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrophysics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":47599,"name":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astronomy?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":171343,"name":"Celestial Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celestial_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81995207 coauthored" data-work_id="81995207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81995207/Experimental_Analysis_of_the_Influence_of_Heat_Sink_Geometric_Parameters_on_Natural_Convection">Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Heat Sink Geometric Parameters on Natural Convection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this work, the steady state heat transfer by natural convection in heat sinks with rectangular fins positioned vertically and horizontally was studied. The heat transfer by radiation was also considered. Several analyses were performed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81995207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this work, the steady state heat transfer by natural convection in heat sinks with rectangular fins positioned vertically and horizontally was studied. The heat transfer by radiation was also considered. Several analyses were performed to determine the optimal number and position of the sensors used to measure the temperature on the heat sinks horizontally and vertically positioned. These analyses confirmed an almost uniform temperature distribution in the heat sink. This uniformity allowed the use of thermocouples only in the center of the heat sink. Twelve heat sinks were designed to study how their geometric parameters such as height, spacing and thickness of the fins, influence the heat transfer by free convection. In addition, in this work, two correlations using the dimensionless parameters Nusselt and Rayleigh are proposed. These correlations were obtained by using the results from the 12 heat sinks vertically and horizontally positioned considering a temperature range between 20 °C and 100 °C. Furthermore, studies were done to identify which of the 12 analyzed heat sinks managed to remove the greatest amount of heat in a given temperature range. The results were compared with those obtained from empirical correlations found in literature.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81995207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3349954c56bbb4de7fa001a9b6486cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87844234,"asset_id":81995207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87844234/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="148107981" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrunodeCamposSallesAnselmo">Bruno de Campos Salles Anselmo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="148107981" type="text/json">{"id":148107981,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"de Campos Salles Anselmo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrunodeCamposSallesAnselmo","display_name":"Bruno de Campos Salles Anselmo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrunodeCamposSallesAnselmo?f_ri=512","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/158396e50cbfd1394712ad1120921e34?s=65"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-81995207">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-81995207"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VilsonAltairdaSilva">Vilson Altair da Silva</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-81995207'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-81995207').html(); 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The heat transfer by radiation was also considered. Several analyses were performed to determine the optimal number and position of the sensors used to measure the temperature on the heat sinks horizontally and vertically positioned. These analyses confirmed an almost uniform temperature distribution in the heat sink. This uniformity allowed the use of thermocouples only in the center of the heat sink. Twelve heat sinks were designed to study how their geometric parameters such as height, spacing and thickness of the fins, influence the heat transfer by free convection. In addition, in this work, two correlations using the dimensionless parameters Nusselt and Rayleigh are proposed. These correlations were obtained by using the results from the 12 heat sinks vertically and horizontally positioned considering a temperature range between 20 °C and 100 °C. Furthermore, studies were done to identify which of the 12 analyzed heat sinks managed to remove the greatest amount of heat in a given temperature range. The results were compared with those obtained from empirical correlations found in literature.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87844234,"asset_id":81995207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":148107981,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"de Campos Salles Anselmo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrunodeCamposSallesAnselmo","display_name":"Bruno de Campos Salles Anselmo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrunodeCamposSallesAnselmo?f_ri=512","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/158396e50cbfd1394712ad1120921e34?s=65"},{"id":228477603,"first_name":"Vilson Altair","last_name":"da Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VilsonAltairdaSilva","display_name":"Vilson Altair da Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VilsonAltairdaSilva?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/228477603/85258064/73903383/s65_vilson_altair.da_silva.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials 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class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33831421" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc0737f5d97c410d19e0b2fdca0a083f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53814651,"asset_id":33831421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53814651/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2435" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Mechanics">Fluid Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2435" type="text/json">{"id":2435,"name":"Fluid Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2550" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics">Hydraulics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2550" type="text/json">{"id":2550,"name":"Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8910" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation">Evaluation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8910" type="text/json">{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33831421]'), work: {"id":33831421,"title":"Research activities relevant to the application of LEU at the HOR","created_at":"2017-07-10T03:34:26.633-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33831421/Research_activities_relevant_to_the_application_of_LEU_at_the_HOR?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_33831421","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53814651,"asset_id":33831421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":66281349,"first_name":"Hugo Van","last_name":"Dam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HugoVanDam","display_name":"Hugo Van 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Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Hydraulics?f_ri=512"},{"id":48999,"name":"Information","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information?f_ri=512"},{"id":91015,"name":"Elements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elements?f_ri=512"},{"id":108782,"name":"Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data?f_ri=512"},{"id":266485,"name":"Temperature measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature_measurement?f_ri=512"},{"id":1750189,"name":"Measuring instruments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Measuring_instruments?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25241330" data-work_id="25241330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25241330/The_Tension_Mounts_Mechanics_Meets_Morphogenesis_and_Malignancy">The Tension Mounts: Mechanics Meets Morphogenesis and Malignancy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25241330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f73082094c5d4bb0b03f1693dee0cdaf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45547695,"asset_id":25241330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphogenesis">Morphogenesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24124" type="text/json">{"id":24124,"name":"Morphogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphogenesis?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular_Matrix">Extracellular Matrix</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="29149" type="text/json">{"id":29149,"name":"Extracellular Matrix","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular_Matrix?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25241330]'), work: {"id":25241330,"title":"The Tension Mounts: Mechanics Meets Morphogenesis and 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Matrix","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular_Matrix?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":130971,"name":"Mechanotransduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanotransduction?f_ri=512"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=512"},{"id":379889,"name":"Homeostasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homeostasis?f_ri=512"},{"id":434050,"name":"Mammary gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammary_gland?f_ri=512"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=512"},{"id":497482,"name":"Force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Force?f_ri=512"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional?f_ri=512"},{"id":951407,"name":"Malignant Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malignant_Transformation?f_ri=512"},{"id":984451,"name":"Treatment Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Response?f_ri=512"},{"id":1178162,"name":"Tumor Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Growth?f_ri=512"},{"id":1362702,"name":"Traction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traction?f_ri=512"},{"id":1670920,"name":"Integrin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrin?f_ri=512"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21651338" data-work_id="21651338" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21651338/Mechanics_of_Fresh_Refrigerated_and_Frozen_Arterial_Tissue">Mechanics of Fresh, Refrigerated, and Frozen Arterial Tissue</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Arterial grafts and experimental soft tissues are commonly preserved using refrigeration and freezing. The present study was designed to investigate effects of common storage protocols on arterial mechanics. Porcine aortas were axially... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21651338" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Arterial grafts and experimental soft tissues are commonly preserved using refrigeration and freezing. The present study was designed to investigate effects of common storage protocols on arterial mechanics. Porcine aortas were axially distracted to failure implementing fresh, refrigerated, and frozen storage conditions. Fresh tissues were tested within 24 h of sacrifice; refrigerated tissues were stored at ؉4°C for 24 or 48 h prior to testing, and frozen tissues were stored at ؊20 or ؊80°C for 3 months prior to testing. Blunt arterial injury experimentally occurred in distraction with intimal subfailure before ultimate failure in 82% of specimens. Subfailure stress decreased in refrigerated (0.59 ؎ 0.19 MPa) compared to fresh (0.83 ؎ 0.39 MPa) and frozen (0.99 ؎ 0.41 MPa) specimens. Ultimate stress was also significantly decreased in refrigerated (0.83 ؎ 0.19 MPa) compared to fresh (1.15 ؎ 0.39 MPa) and frozen (1.32 ؎ 0.31 MPa) specimens. Subfailure and ultimate strain were not significantly dependent upon storage technique. Young's modulus significantly decreased in refrigerated (1.89 ؎ 0.63 MPa) compared to fresh (2.98 ؎ 1.45 MPa) and frozen (3.49 ؎ 1.32 MPa) specimens. Physiological, subfailure, and ultimate failure mechanics between fresh and frozen specimens were not significantly different. Clinically relevant intimal failures can be reproduced and injury mechanics determined while adhering to experimental protocols of freezing specimens before testing. However, short-term tissue refrigeration may affect mechanics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21651338" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d943ff69f8cc8da2cca36f03cdccd9a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42292450,"asset_id":21651338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42292450/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42798506" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrianStemper">Brian Stemper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42798506" type="text/json">{"id":42798506,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Stemper","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianStemper","display_name":"Brian Stemper","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianStemper?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21651338 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21651338"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21651338, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21651338", }); 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The present study was designed to investigate effects of common storage protocols on arterial mechanics. Porcine aortas were axially distracted to failure implementing fresh, refrigerated, and frozen storage conditions. Fresh tissues were tested within 24 h of sacrifice; refrigerated tissues were stored at ؉4°C for 24 or 48 h prior to testing, and frozen tissues were stored at ؊20 or ؊80°C for 3 months prior to testing. Blunt arterial injury experimentally occurred in distraction with intimal subfailure before ultimate failure in 82% of specimens. Subfailure stress decreased in refrigerated (0.59 ؎ 0.19 MPa) compared to fresh (0.83 ؎ 0.39 MPa) and frozen (0.99 ؎ 0.41 MPa) specimens. Ultimate stress was also significantly decreased in refrigerated (0.83 ؎ 0.19 MPa) compared to fresh (1.15 ؎ 0.39 MPa) and frozen (1.32 ؎ 0.31 MPa) specimens. Subfailure and ultimate strain were not significantly dependent upon storage technique. Young's modulus significantly decreased in refrigerated (1.89 ؎ 0.63 MPa) compared to fresh (2.98 ؎ 1.45 MPa) and frozen (3.49 ؎ 1.32 MPa) specimens. Physiological, subfailure, and ultimate failure mechanics between fresh and frozen specimens were not significantly different. Clinically relevant intimal failures can be reproduced and injury mechanics determined while adhering to experimental protocols of freezing specimens before testing. However, short-term tissue refrigeration may affect mechanics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42292450,"asset_id":21651338,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42798506,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Stemper","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianStemper","display_name":"Brian Stemper","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianStemper?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":8065,"name":"Refrigeration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refrigeration?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":19295,"name":"Cryopreservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation?f_ri=512"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=512"},{"id":48904,"name":"Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasticity?f_ri=512"},{"id":239165,"name":"Rupture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rupture?f_ri=512"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=512"},{"id":419370,"name":"Swine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swine?f_ri=512"},{"id":916082,"name":"Surgical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgical?f_ri=512"},{"id":973999,"name":"Tensile Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tensile_Strength?f_ri=512"},{"id":1035092,"name":"Aorta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aorta?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76624881" data-work_id="76624881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76624881/Cavity_dynamics_in_water_entry_at_low_Froude_numbers">Cavity dynamics in water entry at low Froude numbers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The dynamics of the air cavity created by vertical water entry of a three-dimensional body is investigated theoretically, computationally and experimentally. The study is focused in the range of relatively low Froude numbers, Fr ≡... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76624881" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The dynamics of the air cavity created by vertical water entry of a three-dimensional body is investigated theoretically, computationally and experimentally. The study is focused in the range of relatively low Froude numbers, Fr ≡ V(gD)−1/2 ≤ O(10) (where V is the dropping velocity of the body, D its characteristic dimension and g the gravitational acceleration), when the inertia and gravity effects are comparable. To understand the physical processes involved in the evolution of cavity, we conduct laboratory experiments of water entry of freely dropping spheres. A matched asymptotic theory for the description of the cavity dynamics is developed based on the slender-body theory in the context of potential flow. Direct comparisons with experimental data show that the asymptotic theory properly captures the key physical effects involved in the development of the cavity, and in particular gives a reasonable prediction of the maximum size of the cavity and the time of cavity closure. Du...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76624881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e695ef3f1f6626934b2d493516f025df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84276212,"asset_id":76624881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84276212/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="215066174" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YumingLiu11">Yuming Liu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="215066174" type="text/json">{"id":215066174,"first_name":"Yuming","last_name":"Liu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YumingLiu11","display_name":"Yuming Liu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YumingLiu11?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215066174/73676150/62161000/s65_yuming.liu.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76624881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76624881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76624881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76624881", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76624881]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76624881").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76624881").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76624881"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76624881]'), work: {"id":76624881,"title":"Cavity dynamics in water entry at low Froude numbers","created_at":"2022-04-16T08:56:45.156-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76624881/Cavity_dynamics_in_water_entry_at_low_Froude_numbers?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_76624881","summary":"The dynamics of the air cavity created by vertical water entry of a three-dimensional body is investigated theoretically, computationally and experimentally. The study is focused in the range of relatively low Froude numbers, Fr ≡ V(gD)−1/2 ≤ O(10) (where V is the dropping velocity of the body, D its characteristic dimension and g the gravitational acceleration), when the inertia and gravity effects are comparable. To understand the physical processes involved in the evolution of cavity, we conduct laboratory experiments of water entry of freely dropping spheres. A matched asymptotic theory for the description of the cavity dynamics is developed based on the slender-body theory in the context of potential flow. Direct comparisons with experimental data show that the asymptotic theory properly captures the key physical effects involved in the development of the cavity, and in particular gives a reasonable prediction of the maximum size of the cavity and the time of cavity closure. Du...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84276212,"asset_id":76624881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":215066174,"first_name":"Yuming","last_name":"Liu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YumingLiu11","display_name":"Yuming Liu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YumingLiu11?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215066174/73676150/62161000/s65_yuming.liu.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2435,"name":"Fluid Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Mechanics?f_ri=512"},{"id":9032,"name":"Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interaction?f_ri=512"},{"id":75647,"name":"Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interactions?f_ri=512"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=512"},{"id":144041,"name":"SPHERE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SPHERE?f_ri=512"},{"id":179332,"name":"Hydrodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrodynamics?f_ri=512"},{"id":599635,"name":"Cambridge University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambridge_University?f_ri=512"},{"id":976192,"name":"Spheres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spheres?f_ri=512"},{"id":2298656,"name":"Froude number","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Froude_number?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74402368" data-work_id="74402368" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74402368/Hydro_power_potentials_of_water_distribution_networks_in_public_universities_A_case_study">Hydro power potentials of water distribution networks in public universities: A case study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Public Universities in Southwestern Nigeria are densely populated student-resident campuses, so that provision of regular potable water and electricity are important, but power supply is not optimally available for all the necessary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74402368" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Public Universities in Southwestern Nigeria are densely populated student-resident campuses, so that provision of regular potable water and electricity are important, but power supply is not optimally available for all the necessary activities. This study assesses the hydropower potential of the water distribution networks in the Universities, with the view to augmenting the inadequate power supplies. The institutions with water distribution configuration capable of accommodating in-pipe turbine are identified; the hydropower parameters, such as the flow characteristics and the pipe geometry are determined to estimate the water power. Global positioning device is used in estimating the elevations of the distribution reservoirs and the nodal points. The hydropower potential of each location is computed incorporating Lucid ® Lift-based spherical turbine in the pipeline. From the analysis, the lean and the peak water power are between 1.92-3.30 kW and 3.95-7.24 kW, respectively, for re...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74402368" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d290432742772f85f86d8bafac430562" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82568249,"asset_id":74402368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82568249/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="101524090" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OKoya">Olufemi Koya</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="101524090" type="text/json">{"id":101524090,"first_name":"Olufemi","last_name":"Koya","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OKoya","display_name":"Olufemi Koya","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OKoya?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/101524090/22241890/21465798/s65_olufemi.koya.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74402368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74402368"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74402368, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74402368", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74402368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74402368; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74402368"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74402368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74402368"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74402368; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74402368]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74402368").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74402368").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74402368"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2298" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics">Computational Fluid Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2298" type="text/json">{"id":2298,"name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16177" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Cad_CAE_Systems">Integrated Cad/CAE Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16177" type="text/json">{"id":16177,"name":"Integrated Cad/CAE Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Cad_CAE_Systems?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74402368]'), work: {"id":74402368,"title":"Hydro power potentials of water distribution networks in public universities: A case study","created_at":"2022-03-23T11:53:57.294-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74402368/Hydro_power_potentials_of_water_distribution_networks_in_public_universities_A_case_study?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_74402368","summary":"Public Universities in Southwestern Nigeria are densely populated student-resident campuses, so that provision of regular potable water and electricity are important, but power supply is not optimally available for all the necessary activities. This study assesses the hydropower potential of the water distribution networks in the Universities, with the view to augmenting the inadequate power supplies. The institutions with water distribution configuration capable of accommodating in-pipe turbine are identified; the hydropower parameters, such as the flow characteristics and the pipe geometry are determined to estimate the water power. Global positioning device is used in estimating the elevations of the distribution reservoirs and the nodal points. The hydropower potential of each location is computed incorporating Lucid ® Lift-based spherical turbine in the pipeline. From the analysis, the lean and the peak water power are between 1.92-3.30 kW and 3.95-7.24 kW, respectively, for re...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82568249,"asset_id":74402368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":101524090,"first_name":"Olufemi","last_name":"Koya","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OKoya","display_name":"Olufemi Koya","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OKoya?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/101524090/22241890/21465798/s65_olufemi.koya.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2298,"name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":16177,"name":"Integrated Cad/CAE Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Cad_CAE_Systems?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":33661,"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_and_Mass_Transfer?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54977646" data-work_id="54977646" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54977646/Repeatability_of_Trapezius_Muscle_Tone_Assessment_by_a_Myometric_Method">Repeatability of Trapezius Muscle Tone Assessment by a Myometric Method</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The goal of this paper is to examine the trapezius muscle tone by measuring simultaneously using Myoton-2 myometer i.e., the natural oscillation frequency, stiffness and the elasticity of the trapezius muscle. With this method, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54977646" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The goal of this paper is to examine the trapezius muscle tone by measuring simultaneously using Myoton-2 myometer i.e., the natural oscillation frequency, stiffness and the elasticity of the trapezius muscle. With this method, the mechanical response of the muscle, to a short applied mechanical impulse, is registered by an acceleration probe. From the acquired damped natural oscillation waveform, the frequency (Hz), the stiffness (N/m) and the logarithmic decrement of damping (characterizing tissue&#39;s elasticity) are calculated, quantifying the functional state of the muscle. The trapezius muscle on both sides of the body was tested in twenty adult women by two investigators using the Myoton-2 myometer. During the measurements, the subjects were in a relaxed sitting position. The Bland and Altman graphical test, comparing the differences of the measurements of two investigators, was used for assessing the inter-observer repeatability. The registered values for the trapezius musc...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54977646" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee635a518c1842e2e748f01d913b132e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71074906,"asset_id":54977646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71074906/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30360013" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ragnarviir">ragnar viir</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30360013" type="text/json">{"id":30360013,"first_name":"ragnar","last_name":"viir","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ragnarviir","display_name":"ragnar viir","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ragnarviir?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30360013/46531139/35926489/s65_ragnar.viir.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54977646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54977646"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54977646, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54977646", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54977646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54977646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54977646"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54977646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54977646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54977646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54977646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54977646").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54977646").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54977646"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54977646]'), work: {"id":54977646,"title":"Repeatability of Trapezius Muscle Tone Assessment by a Myometric Method","created_at":"2021-10-02T22:53:25.397-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54977646/Repeatability_of_Trapezius_Muscle_Tone_Assessment_by_a_Myometric_Method?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_54977646","summary":"The goal of this paper is to examine the trapezius muscle tone by measuring simultaneously using Myoton-2 myometer i.e., the natural oscillation frequency, stiffness and the elasticity of the trapezius muscle. With this method, the mechanical response of the muscle, to a short applied mechanical impulse, is registered by an acceleration probe. From the acquired damped natural oscillation waveform, the frequency (Hz), the stiffness (N/m) and the logarithmic decrement of damping (characterizing tissue\u0026#39;s elasticity) are calculated, quantifying the functional state of the muscle. The trapezius muscle on both sides of the body was tested in twenty adult women by two investigators using the Myoton-2 myometer. During the measurements, the subjects were in a relaxed sitting position. The Bland and Altman graphical test, comparing the differences of the measurements of two investigators, was used for assessing the inter-observer repeatability. The registered values for the trapezius musc...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71074906,"asset_id":54977646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30360013,"first_name":"ragnar","last_name":"viir","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ragnarviir","display_name":"ragnar viir","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ragnarviir?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30360013/46531139/35926489/s65_ragnar.viir.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53765215" data-work_id="53765215" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53765215/Effect_of_Mechanical_Dyssynchrony_and_Cardiac_Resynchronization_Therapy_on_Left_Ventricular_Rotational_Mechanics">Effect of Mechanical Dyssynchrony and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alterations in rotational mechanics can bring new aspects to the understanding of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. The aims of this study were to investigate LV rotational mechanics in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53765215" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alterations in rotational mechanics can bring new aspects to the understanding of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. The aims of this study were to investigate LV rotational mechanics in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and to assess the effect of CRT by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Fifty-four patients with heart failure and 33 healthy controls were studied. Thirty-three underwent CRT. Speckle tracking was applied to short-and long-axis views. Radial and longitudinal dyssynchrony were assessed as previously defined. Apical and basal rotations were measured as the average angular displacement about the LV central axis. LV twist and torsion were then calculated. Peak apical and basal rotation, peak LV twist and torsion, apical and basal rotation at aortic valve closure (AVC), and LV twist and torsion at AVC were significantly lower in patients than controls. Apical-basal rotation delay and AVC-to-peak LV twist interval were longer in patients and associated with decreased peak LV twist and LV twist at AVC, respectively. In patients, rotational indexes, particularly LV twist and torsion, were correlated strongly with radial dyssynchrony. LV torsion (cutoff 0.1°/cm) and twist (cutoff 1°) at AVC had the highest sensitivity (90%) and specificity (77%) to predict CRT responders among all other parameters, including radial and longitudinal dyssynchrony. In conclusion, LV dyssynchrony is associated with discoordinate rotation of the apical and basal regions, which in turn significantly decreases peak LV twist and torsion and LV twist and torsion at AVC. CRT significantly restored the altered rotational mechanics in responders. These parameters have potential for predicting responders to CRT.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53765215" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4da0e87246b0f0cd4f26eb10c1e91bf5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70454191,"asset_id":53765215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70454191/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="196233056" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%96zlemDemir49">Özlem Demir</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="196233056" type="text/json">{"id":196233056,"first_name":"Özlem","last_name":"Demir","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ÖzlemDemir49","display_name":"Özlem Demir","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%96zlemDemir49?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196233056/58516740/46749235/s65__zlem.demir.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53765215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53765215"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53765215, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53765215", }); 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The aims of this study were to investigate LV rotational mechanics in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and to assess the effect of CRT by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Fifty-four patients with heart failure and 33 healthy controls were studied. Thirty-three underwent CRT. Speckle tracking was applied to short-and long-axis views. Radial and longitudinal dyssynchrony were assessed as previously defined. Apical and basal rotations were measured as the average angular displacement about the LV central axis. LV twist and torsion were then calculated. Peak apical and basal rotation, peak LV twist and torsion, apical and basal rotation at aortic valve closure (AVC), and LV twist and torsion at AVC were significantly lower in patients than controls. Apical-basal rotation delay and AVC-to-peak LV twist interval were longer in patients and associated with decreased peak LV twist and LV twist at AVC, respectively. In patients, rotational indexes, particularly LV twist and torsion, were correlated strongly with radial dyssynchrony. LV torsion (cutoff 0.1°/cm) and twist (cutoff 1°) at AVC had the highest sensitivity (90%) and specificity (77%) to predict CRT responders among all other parameters, including radial and longitudinal dyssynchrony. In conclusion, LV dyssynchrony is associated with discoordinate rotation of the apical and basal regions, which in turn significantly decreases peak LV twist and torsion and LV twist and torsion at AVC. CRT significantly restored the altered rotational mechanics in responders. These parameters have potential for predicting responders to CRT.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70454191,"asset_id":53765215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":196233056,"first_name":"Özlem","last_name":"Demir","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ÖzlemDemir49","display_name":"Özlem Demir","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%96zlemDemir49?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196233056/58516740/46749235/s65__zlem.demir.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":606,"name":"Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":46824,"name":"Echocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":88113,"name":"Left Ventricular Assist Device","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Ventricular_Assist_Device?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":198747,"name":"Left Ventricular Dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Ventricular_Dysfunction?f_ri=512"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=512"},{"id":1154249,"name":"Heart Ventricles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Ventricles?f_ri=512"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=512"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=512"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=512"},{"id":2863708,"name":"cardiac resynchronization therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cardiac_resynchronization_therapy?f_ri=512"},{"id":3501173,"name":"Left Ventricular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Ventricular?f_ri=512"},{"id":3658339,"name":"systole","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/systole?f_ri=512"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47523247" data-work_id="47523247" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47523247/Results_of_irradiated_cladding_tests_and_clad_plate_experiments">Results of irradiated cladding tests and clad plate experiments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two aspects critical to the fracture behavior of three-wire stainless steel cladding were investigated by the Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program: (1) radiation effects on cladding strength and toughness, and (2) the response of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47523247" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two aspects critical to the fracture behavior of three-wire stainless steel cladding were investigated by the Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program: (1) radiation effects on cladding strength and toughness, and (2) the response of mechanically loaded, flawed structures in the presence of cladding (clad plate experiments).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2161" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure">Microstructure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2161" type="text/json">{"id":2161,"name":"Microstructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Transfer">Heat Transfer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8067" type="text/json">{"id":8067,"name":"Heat Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Transfer?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture_Mechanics">Fracture Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23047" type="text/json">{"id":23047,"name":"Fracture Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47523247]'), work: {"id":47523247,"title":"Results of irradiated cladding tests and clad plate experiments","created_at":"2021-04-22T18:55:36.615-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47523247/Results_of_irradiated_cladding_tests_and_clad_plate_experiments?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_47523247","summary":"Two aspects critical to the fracture behavior of three-wire stainless steel cladding were investigated by the Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program: (1) radiation effects on cladding strength and toughness, and (2) the response of mechanically loaded, flawed structures in the presence of cladding (clad plate experiments).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66572006,"asset_id":47523247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42282260,"first_name":"Fahmy","last_name":"Haggag","domain_name":"abiservices-usa","page_name":"FahmyHaggag","display_name":"Fahmy Haggag","profile_url":"https://abiservices-usa.academia.edu/FahmyHaggag?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42282260/35266843/119505090/s65_fahmy.haggag.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2161,"name":"Microstructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":8067,"name":"Heat Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Transfer?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":23047,"name":"Fracture Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":48752,"name":"Pressure Vessels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pressure_Vessels?f_ri=512"},{"id":48999,"name":"Information","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information?f_ri=512"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=512"},{"id":50630,"name":"Crystal structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_structure?f_ri=512"},{"id":108782,"name":"Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data?f_ri=512"},{"id":134201,"name":"Deposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deposition?f_ri=512"},{"id":406548,"name":"Cladding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cladding?f_ri=512"},{"id":439023,"name":"Irradiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irradiation?f_ri=512"},{"id":554780,"name":"Interdisciplinary 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class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several processes contribute to the rapid opening of Asiatic lily¯owers. Opening occurs after the tepals stop increasing in length, and have reached maximum thickness. Up to day À0 . 5 (where day 0 is time that¯owers are halfopen), the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6769299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several processes contribute to the rapid opening of Asiatic lily¯owers. Opening occurs after the tepals stop increasing in length, and have reached maximum thickness. Up to day À0 . 5 (where day 0 is time that¯owers are halfopen), the sepals entirely encase the petals, and their edges are tightly clasped in deep grooves beside the petal midribs. At day À0 . 5 to À0 . 3, the petal midrib reduces in width, opening the groove and allowing the tepals to pull apart (bud`cracking'). Unlocking is not complete until about day À0 . 15: it is not the key event directing opening, but helps to sharpen its onset. The midribs control subsequent opening, pulling the laminae behind them. In the ®rst 3±4 h of opening (`dark phase'), the main process is an increase in the angles the midribs make where they join the pedicels. During this time, the petals and sepals are only slightly curved. Subsequently through to day 0 . 5 (the`light phase'), an increasingly marked curvature of the midribs pulls the tepals further apart and causes them to progressively re¯ex. By day 1 the¯owers are mature and the laminae are no longer being pulled by the midribs. In studies of isolated tissue segments, we found that in the later stages of opening there is greater cell expansion in the epidermis of the inner surfaces, contributing to the recurving. Petal expansion is accompanied by cell separation and osmotic changes, and inhibitors of starch hydrolysis inhibit expansion of petal segments. Of the various processes operating during lily opening, we believe that the most in¯uential is the change in angle between midribs and pedicel, suggesting a pulvinus-like mechanism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6769299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0dfeb1c74073c6e9e682f10d5355e434" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33477727,"asset_id":6769299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33477727/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11167785" href="https://massey.academia.edu/JulianHeyes">Julian Heyes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11167785" type="text/json">{"id":11167785,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Heyes","domain_name":"massey","page_name":"JulianHeyes","display_name":"Julian Heyes","profile_url":"https://massey.academia.edu/JulianHeyes?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11167785/3292487/3874450/s65_julian.heyes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6769299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6769299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6769299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6769299", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6769299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6769299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6769299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6769299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6769299]'), work: {"id":6769299,"title":"Mechanical Aspects of Rapid Flower Opening in Asiatic Lily","created_at":"2014-04-15T14:14:43.811-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6769299/Mechanical_Aspects_of_Rapid_Flower_Opening_in_Asiatic_Lily?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_6769299","summary":"Several processes contribute to the rapid opening of Asiatic lily¯owers. Opening occurs after the tepals stop increasing in length, and have reached maximum thickness. Up to day À0 . 5 (where day 0 is time that¯owers are halfopen), the sepals entirely encase the petals, and their edges are tightly clasped in deep grooves beside the petal midribs. At day À0 . 5 to À0 . 3, the petal midrib reduces in width, opening the groove and allowing the tepals to pull apart (bud`cracking'). Unlocking is not complete until about day À0 . 15: it is not the key event directing opening, but helps to sharpen its onset. The midribs control subsequent opening, pulling the laminae behind them. In the ®rst 3±4 h of opening (`dark phase'), the main process is an increase in the angles the midribs make where they join the pedicels. During this time, the petals and sepals are only slightly curved. Subsequently through to day 0 . 5 (the`light phase'), an increasingly marked curvature of the midribs pulls the tepals further apart and causes them to progressively re¯ex. By day 1 the¯owers are mature and the laminae are no longer being pulled by the midribs. In studies of isolated tissue segments, we found that in the later stages of opening there is greater cell expansion in the epidermis of the inner surfaces, contributing to the recurving. Petal expansion is accompanied by cell separation and osmotic changes, and inhibitors of starch hydrolysis inhibit expansion of petal segments. Of the various processes operating during lily opening, we believe that the most in¯uential is the change in angle between midribs and pedicel, suggesting a pulvinus-like mechanism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33477727,"asset_id":6769299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11167785,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Heyes","domain_name":"massey","page_name":"JulianHeyes","display_name":"Julian Heyes","profile_url":"https://massey.academia.edu/JulianHeyes?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11167785/3292487/3874450/s65_julian.heyes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13586953" data-work_id="13586953" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13586953/Mechanical_stability_of_resin_dentin_bond_components">Mechanical stability of resin–dentin bond components</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objectives: To evaluate the effects of long-term storage on the mechanical properties of the components of resin -dentin bonds, that is, resin composite, adhesive system, demineralized and mineralized dentin.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button 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".js-paper-rank-work_13586953", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13586953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13586953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13586953"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13586953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13586953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13586953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13586953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13586953").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13586953").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13586953"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26168" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Materials">Dental Materials</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26168" type="text/json">{"id":26168,"name":"Dental Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Materials?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13586953]'), work: {"id":13586953,"title":"Mechanical stability of resin–dentin bond components","created_at":"2015-07-03T07:07:59.755-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13586953/Mechanical_stability_of_resin_dentin_bond_components?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_13586953","summary":"Objectives: To evaluate the effects of long-term storage on the mechanical properties of the components of resin -dentin bonds, that is, resin composite, adhesive system, demineralized and mineralized dentin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45182917,"asset_id":13586953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32764852,"first_name":"Leo","last_name":"Tjäderhane","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"LTjäderhane","display_name":"Leo Tjäderhane","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/LTj%C3%A4derhane?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":26168,"name":"Dental Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Materials?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":48904,"name":"Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasticity?f_ri=512"},{"id":133175,"name":"Durability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Durability?f_ri=512"},{"id":297807,"name":"Mineral Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineral_Oil?f_ri=512"},{"id":385888,"name":"Composite resins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_resins?f_ri=512"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=512"},{"id":437832,"name":"Distilled Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distilled_Water?f_ri=512"},{"id":558068,"name":"Dentin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentin?f_ri=512"},{"id":632959,"name":"Dental Stress Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Stress_Analysis?f_ri=512"},{"id":678833,"name":"Dental Bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Bonding?f_ri=512"},{"id":687524,"name":"Adhesives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesives?f_ri=512"},{"id":771315,"name":"Dentin bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentin_bonding?f_ri=512"},{"id":845844,"name":"Polymethyl Methacrylates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymethyl_Methacrylates?f_ri=512"},{"id":892969,"name":"Materials Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Testing?f_ri=512"},{"id":973999,"name":"Tensile Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tensile_Strength?f_ri=512"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=512"},{"id":1307357,"name":"Resin Composite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resin_Composite?f_ri=512"},{"id":1330652,"name":"Tensile Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tensile_Test?f_ri=512"},{"id":1364394,"name":"Modulus of Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modulus_of_Elasticity?f_ri=512"},{"id":1557306,"name":"Resin Cements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resin_Cements?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20616924" data-work_id="20616924" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20616924/Wheat_gluten_based_materials_plasticised_with_glycerol_and_water_by_thermoplastic_mixing_and_thermomoulding">Wheat gluten-based materials plasticised with glycerol and water by thermoplastic mixing and thermomoulding</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: Gluten has been investigated as a source for biodegradable polymeric materials because it is a renewable, available and low-cost raw material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some variables involved in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20616924" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND: Gluten has been investigated as a source for biodegradable polymeric materials because it is a renewable, available and low-cost raw material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some variables involved in the two stages of protein/plasticiser thermo-mechanical processing, where a mixture of glycerol and water was used as the plasticiser.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20616924" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4ebc62be09336dea3d1602c525ab409" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41467603,"asset_id":20616924,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41467603/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27281429" href="https://us.academia.edu/AntonioGuerrero">Antonio Guerrero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27281429" type="text/json">{"id":27281429,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Guerrero","domain_name":"us","page_name":"AntonioGuerrero","display_name":"Antonio Guerrero","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/AntonioGuerrero?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27281429/7744453/8683936/s65_antonio.guerrero.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20616924 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20616924"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20616924, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20616924", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20616924]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20616924").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20616924").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20616924"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5398" type="text/json">{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20616924]'), work: {"id":20616924,"title":"Wheat gluten-based materials plasticised with glycerol and water by thermoplastic mixing and thermomoulding","created_at":"2016-01-23T03:13:01.538-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20616924/Wheat_gluten_based_materials_plasticised_with_glycerol_and_water_by_thermoplastic_mixing_and_thermomoulding?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_20616924","summary":"BACKGROUND: Gluten has been investigated as a source for biodegradable polymeric materials because it is a renewable, available and low-cost raw material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some variables involved in the two stages of protein/plasticiser thermo-mechanical processing, where a mixture of glycerol and water was used as the plasticiser.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41467603,"asset_id":20616924,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27281429,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Guerrero","domain_name":"us","page_name":"AntonioGuerrero","display_name":"Antonio Guerrero","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/AntonioGuerrero?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27281429/7744453/8683936/s65_antonio.guerrero.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=512"},{"id":162983,"name":"Absorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Absorption?f_ri=512"},{"id":168703,"name":"Plasticizers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasticizers?f_ri=512"},{"id":283379,"name":"Glycerol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycerol?f_ri=512"},{"id":973999,"name":"Tensile Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tensile_Strength?f_ri=512"},{"id":991443,"name":"Triticum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Triticum?f_ri=512"},{"id":1491514,"name":"*Hot Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Hot_Temperature?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7939857" data-work_id="7939857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7939857/Experimental_construction_of_a_Breakfast_Maker">Experimental construction of a Breakfast Maker</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We built in an experimental way a device which through a sequential and remote manipulation (not wireless) could prepare breakfast using a combination of two energies: electric and hydraulic. This artefact can be improved if we change the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7939857" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We built in an experimental way a device which through a sequential and remote manipulation (not wireless) could prepare breakfast using a combination of two energies: electric and hydraulic. This artefact can be improved if we change the current manual programmer for an automatic programmer of commands using an electric circuit. The experimental Breakfast Maker can be useful when it is not possible or suitable a direct manipulation of the ingredients, or if we lack of enough time to make our breakfast in the traditional way, or to be used by persons with any physical handicap.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7939857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1b046f6ec70a98ef6204b1f72382f3e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34416974,"asset_id":7939857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34416974/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13638408" href="https://unmsm.academia.edu/GraceRetto">Jesús Retto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13638408" type="text/json">{"id":13638408,"first_name":"Jesús","last_name":"Retto","domain_name":"unmsm","page_name":"GraceRetto","display_name":"Jesús Retto","profile_url":"https://unmsm.academia.edu/GraceRetto?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13638408/3801621/4773912/s65_grace.retto.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7939857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7939857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7939857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7939857", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7939857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7939857; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7939857"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7939857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7939857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7939857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7939857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7939857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7939857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7939857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17712" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology">Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17712" type="text/json">{"id":17712,"name":"Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43986" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity">Electricity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43986" type="text/json">{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7939857]'), work: {"id":7939857,"title":"Experimental construction of a Breakfast Maker","created_at":"2014-08-11T13:01:58.880-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7939857/Experimental_construction_of_a_Breakfast_Maker?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_7939857","summary":"We built in an experimental way a device which through a sequential and remote manipulation (not wireless) could prepare breakfast using a combination of two energies: electric and hydraulic. This artefact can be improved if we change the current manual programmer for an automatic programmer of commands using an electric circuit. The experimental Breakfast Maker can be useful when it is not possible or suitable a direct manipulation of the ingredients, or if we lack of enough time to make our breakfast in the traditional way, or to be used by persons with any physical handicap.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34416974,"asset_id":7939857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13638408,"first_name":"Jesús","last_name":"Retto","domain_name":"unmsm","page_name":"GraceRetto","display_name":"Jesús Retto","profile_url":"https://unmsm.academia.edu/GraceRetto?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13638408/3801621/4773912/s65_grace.retto.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":17712,"name":"Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":84245,"name":"Inventions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inventions?f_ri=512"},{"id":362729,"name":"Machines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machines?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78283744" data-work_id="78283744" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78283744/Investigation_on_effect_of_20_shrinkage_and_20_shrinkage_offset_canard_configurations_on_aerodynamic_characteristics_of_Onera_M6_wing_using_computational_fluid_dynamics">Investigation on effect of 20% shrinkage and 20% shrinkage-offset canard configurations on aerodynamic characteristics of Onera M6 wing using computational fluid dynamics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main objective of the analysis is to study the detailed aerodynamics & the characteristics of the lift & drag of the aircraft with the canard wing & the co-efficient of pressure & flow separation patterns over the wings at different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78283744" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main objective of the analysis is to study the detailed aerodynamics & the characteristics of the lift & drag of the aircraft with the canard wing & the co-efficient of pressure & flow separation patterns over the wings at different spans and angles of attacks. Here the Onera-M6 wing is modelled for the transonic flow conditions in 3D with the adiabatic flow conditions. In the first case only the Onera-M6 wing is analyzed to know the performance. In the second case the canard is considered along with the Onera-M6 main wing and the modelling is done with the same set of conditions as 3D- transonic flows. In the present study two canard positions are considered, one under the same axis of the main wing (20% shrinkage), and another above the axis line of the main wing (20% shrinkage-offset). In the first design i.e., canard of 20% shrinkage with same axis, the design is performing well than clean wing & 20% shrinkage-offset canard at the lower angle of attacks. In the second design...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78283744" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b0518a1d770afc3f7d23fadcfefa375" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85385348,"asset_id":78283744,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85385348/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33051396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bhadagali">balappa hadagali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33051396" type="text/json">{"id":33051396,"first_name":"balappa","last_name":"hadagali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bhadagali","display_name":"balappa hadagali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bhadagali?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78283744 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78283744"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78283744, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78283744", }); 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Here the Onera-M6 wing is modelled for the transonic flow conditions in 3D with the adiabatic flow conditions. In the first case only the Onera-M6 wing is analyzed to know the performance. In the second case the canard is considered along with the Onera-M6 main wing and the modelling is done with the same set of conditions as 3D- transonic flows. In the present study two canard positions are considered, one under the same axis of the main wing (20% shrinkage), and another above the axis line of the main wing (20% shrinkage-offset). In the first design i.e., canard of 20% shrinkage with same axis, the design is performing well than clean wing \u0026 20% shrinkage-offset canard at the lower angle of attacks. In the second design...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85385348,"asset_id":78283744,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33051396,"first_name":"balappa","last_name":"hadagali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bhadagali","display_name":"balappa hadagali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bhadagali?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":10875,"name":"Aerodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerodynamics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2253257,"name":"Wing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wing?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div 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polymers above the glass transition temperature Ž .</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18272206" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b8a643bfbf0f8080816c141849804fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39966529,"asset_id":18272206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="505" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics">Condensed Matter Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="505" type="text/json">{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry">Electrochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4748" type="text/json">{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21466" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers">Polymers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21466" type="text/json">{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18272206]'), work: {"id":18272206,"title":"A method for analysing proton NMR relaxation data from motionally heterogeneous polymer systems","created_at":"2015-11-13T03:55:25.116-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18272206/A_method_for_analysing_proton_NMR_relaxation_data_from_motionally_heterogeneous_polymer_systems?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_18272206","summary":"Historically, the results of studies of the motional processes present in polymers above the glass transition temperature Ž .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39966529,"asset_id":18272206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38254055,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Harris","domain_name":"boscobae","page_name":"RobinHarris","display_name":"Robin Harris","profile_url":"https://boscobae.academia.edu/RobinHarris?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=512"},{"id":124863,"name":"Motion processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion_processing?f_ri=512"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=512"},{"id":198527,"name":"Motion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion?f_ri=512"},{"id":335228,"name":"Glass Transition Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass_Transition_Temperature?f_ri=512"},{"id":1208793,"name":"Protons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protons?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79509854" data-work_id="79509854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79509854/Eurocodes_for_bridge_design_versus_mechanics">Eurocodes for bridge design versus mechanics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Regulations on which designers base their process of designing of any engineer structures should include and combine mechanics, loads and dimensioning. It is not always the case as far as eurocodes are concerned. Ambiguities appear... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79509854" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Regulations on which designers base their process of designing of any engineer structures should include and combine mechanics, loads and dimensioning. It is not always the case as far as eurocodes are concerned. Ambiguities appear everywhere, which sometimes leads to incorrect understanding of a norm. The authors meticulously analysed basic mechanical terms. Their digressions began with the concepts of strain and deformation that have discrepant definitions in sources from other countries. The next part of article discusses the concept of „shear lag”. It is treated as an elementary concept in the eurocodes, although is has not been defined yet. Other sources define it as cooperating width and shear strain in the beam flanges or as stretching. Polish translation mentions the effect of „wide stripes”. The authors focused also on dynamics – especially while discussing first natural frequencies denoted as “n0”. They scrutinised the norm EN 1991-2 in which dynamic problems of brid...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79509854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54c3ec8963c2e65457f9c395f96f5529" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86200445,"asset_id":79509854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86200445/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35582323" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SKaras">Slawomir Karas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35582323" type="text/json">{"id":35582323,"first_name":"Slawomir","last_name":"Karas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SKaras","display_name":"Slawomir Karas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SKaras?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35582323/11045520/12326011/s65_slawomir.karas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79509854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79509854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79509854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79509854", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79509854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79509854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79509854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79509854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="250631" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bridges">Bridges</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="250631" type="text/json">{"id":250631,"name":"Bridges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bridges?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="316157" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurocode">Eurocode</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="316157" type="text/json">{"id":316157,"name":"Eurocode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurocode?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="377123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurocodes">Eurocodes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="377123" type="text/json">{"id":377123,"name":"Eurocodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurocodes?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79509854]'), work: {"id":79509854,"title":"Eurocodes for bridge design versus mechanics","created_at":"2022-05-20T04:22:28.292-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79509854/Eurocodes_for_bridge_design_versus_mechanics?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_79509854","summary":"Regulations on which designers base their process of designing of any engineer structures should include and combine mechanics, loads and dimensioning. It is not always the case as far as eurocodes are concerned. Ambiguities appear everywhere, which sometimes leads to incorrect understanding of a norm. The authors meticulously analysed basic mechanical terms. Their digressions began with the concepts of strain and deformation that have discrepant definitions in sources from other countries. The next part of article discusses the concept of „shear lag”. It is treated as an elementary concept in the eurocodes, although is has not been defined yet. Other sources define it as cooperating width and shear strain in the beam flanges or as stretching. Polish translation mentions the effect of „wide stripes”. The authors focused also on dynamics – especially while discussing first natural frequencies denoted as “n0”. They scrutinised the norm EN 1991-2 in which dynamic problems of brid...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86200445,"asset_id":79509854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35582323,"first_name":"Slawomir","last_name":"Karas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SKaras","display_name":"Slawomir Karas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SKaras?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35582323/11045520/12326011/s65_slawomir.karas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":250631,"name":"Bridges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bridges?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":316157,"name":"Eurocode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurocode?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":377123,"name":"Eurocodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurocodes?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66586905" data-work_id="66586905" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66586905/Sex_Differences_in_Lower_Extremity_Landing_Kinematics_Through_Neuromuscular_Fatigue">Sex Differences in Lower Extremity Landing Kinematics Through Neuromuscular Fatigue</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66586905" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text 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data-has-card-for-user="114312907" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LauraDaniusevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97">Laura Daniusevičiūtė</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114312907" type="text/json">{"id":114312907,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Daniusevičiūtė","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LauraDaniusevičiūtė","display_name":"Laura Daniusevičiūtė","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LauraDaniusevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114312907/42566873/34113448/s65_laura.daniusevi_i_t_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66586905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66586905"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66586905, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66586905", }); });</script></li><li 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var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66586905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66586905").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66586905").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66586905"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63056356" data-work_id="63056356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63056356/Considerations_Upon_a_New_Tripod_Joint_Solution">Considerations Upon a New Tripod Joint Solution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63056356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cde3018e2c808b664d7cc5c0f8b0d54c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75610525,"asset_id":63056356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75610525/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="171296020" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SALACI">Stelian ALACI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="171296020" type="text/json">{"id":171296020,"first_name":"Stelian","last_name":"ALACI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SALACI","display_name":"Stelian ALACI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SALACI?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/171296020/47678339/36445530/s65_stelian.alaci.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63056356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63056356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63056356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63056356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63056356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63056356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63056356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63056356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63056356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63056356]'), work: {"id":63056356,"title":"Considerations Upon a New Tripod Joint Solution","created_at":"2021-12-02T22:42:05.442-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63056356/Considerations_Upon_a_New_Tripod_Joint_Solution?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_63056356","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75610525,"asset_id":63056356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":171296020,"first_name":"Stelian","last_name":"ALACI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SALACI","display_name":"Stelian ALACI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SALACI?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/171296020/47678339/36445530/s65_stelian.alaci.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60283407" data-work_id="60283407" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60283407/Synthesis_and_heavy_metal_immobilization_behaviors_of_slag_based_geopolymer">Synthesis and heavy metal immobilization behaviors of slag based geopolymer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, two aspects of studies are carried out: (1) synthesis of geopolymer by using slag and metakaolin; (2) immobilization behaviors of slag based geopolymer in a presence of Pb and Cu ions. As for the synthesis of slag based... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60283407" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, two aspects of studies are carried out: (1) synthesis of geopolymer by using slag and metakaolin; (2) immobilization behaviors of slag based geopolymer in a presence of Pb and Cu ions. As for the synthesis of slag based geopolymer, four different slag content (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%) and three types of curing regimes (standard curing, steam curing and autoclave curing) are investigated to obtain the optimum synthesis condition based on the compressive and flexural strength. The testing results showed that geopolymer mortar containing 50% slag that is synthesized at steam curing (80 • C for 8 h), exhibits higher mechanical strengths. The compressive and flexural strengths of slag based geopolymer mortar are 75.2 MPa and 10.1 MPa, respectively. Additionally, Infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques are used to characterize the microstructure of the slag based geopolymer paste. IR spectra show that the absorptive band at 1086 cm −1 shifts to lower wave number around 1007 cm −1 , and some six-coordinated Als transforms into four-coordination during the synthesis of slag based geopolymer paste. The resulting slag based geopolymeric products are X-ray amorphous materials. SEM observation shows that it is possible to have geopolymeric gel and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel forming simultaneously within slag based geopolymer paste. As for immobilization of heavy metals, the leaching tests are employed to investigate the immobilization behaviors of the slag based geopolymer mortar synthesized under the above optimum condition. The leaching tests show that slag based geopolymer mortar can effectively immobilize Cu and Pb heavy metal ions, and the immobilization efficiency reach 98.5% greater when heavy metals are incorporated in the slag geopolymeric matrix in the range of 0.1-0.3%. The Pb exhibits better immobilization efficiency than the Cu in the case of large dosages of heavy metals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60283407" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6f65f2ffd9d6a9dca9ece350d58b356" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73798752,"asset_id":60283407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73798752/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115813588" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sunguowei">guowei sun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115813588" type="text/json">{"id":115813588,"first_name":"guowei","last_name":"sun","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sunguowei","display_name":"guowei sun","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sunguowei?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60283407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60283407"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60283407, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60283407", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60283407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60283407").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60283407").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60283407"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2161" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure">Microstructure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2161" type="text/json">{"id":2161,"name":"Microstructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6309" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6309" type="text/json">{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60283407]'), work: {"id":60283407,"title":"Synthesis and heavy metal immobilization behaviors of slag based geopolymer","created_at":"2021-10-29T02:17:51.473-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60283407/Synthesis_and_heavy_metal_immobilization_behaviors_of_slag_based_geopolymer?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_60283407","summary":"In this paper, two aspects of studies are carried out: (1) synthesis of geopolymer by using slag and metakaolin; (2) immobilization behaviors of slag based geopolymer in a presence of Pb and Cu ions. As for the synthesis of slag based geopolymer, four different slag content (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%) and three types of curing regimes (standard curing, steam curing and autoclave curing) are investigated to obtain the optimum synthesis condition based on the compressive and flexural strength. The testing results showed that geopolymer mortar containing 50% slag that is synthesized at steam curing (80 • C for 8 h), exhibits higher mechanical strengths. The compressive and flexural strengths of slag based geopolymer mortar are 75.2 MPa and 10.1 MPa, respectively. Additionally, Infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques are used to characterize the microstructure of the slag based geopolymer paste. IR spectra show that the absorptive band at 1086 cm −1 shifts to lower wave number around 1007 cm −1 , and some six-coordinated Als transforms into four-coordination during the synthesis of slag based geopolymer paste. The resulting slag based geopolymeric products are X-ray amorphous materials. SEM observation shows that it is possible to have geopolymeric gel and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel forming simultaneously within slag based geopolymer paste. As for immobilization of heavy metals, the leaching tests are employed to investigate the immobilization behaviors of the slag based geopolymer mortar synthesized under the above optimum condition. The leaching tests show that slag based geopolymer mortar can effectively immobilize Cu and Pb heavy metal ions, and the immobilization efficiency reach 98.5% greater when heavy metals are incorporated in the slag geopolymeric matrix in the range of 0.1-0.3%. The Pb exhibits better immobilization efficiency than the Cu in the case of large dosages of heavy metals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73798752,"asset_id":60283407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":115813588,"first_name":"guowei","last_name":"sun","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sunguowei","display_name":"guowei sun","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sunguowei?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2161,"name":"Microstructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=512"},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=512"},{"id":111050,"name":"Heavy Metal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metal?f_ri=512"},{"id":116579,"name":"Lead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lead?f_ri=512"},{"id":149625,"name":"Hazardous Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Materials?f_ri=512"},{"id":173601,"name":"Fly Ash","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fly_Ash?f_ri=512"},{"id":239252,"name":"Flexural Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flexural_Strength?f_ri=512"},{"id":335361,"name":"Infrared","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrared?f_ri=512"},{"id":473797,"name":"Microstructures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructures?f_ri=512"},{"id":514113,"name":"Geopolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolymer?f_ri=512"},{"id":532843,"name":"Industrial Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Waste?f_ri=512"},{"id":850029,"name":"Kaolin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kaolin?f_ri=512"},{"id":869235,"name":"Autoclave","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoclave?f_ri=512"},{"id":1249210,"name":"Calcium Silicate Hydrate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_Silicate_Hydrate?f_ri=512"},{"id":2292122,"name":"Slag","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slag?f_ri=512"},{"id":2777214,"name":"Mechanical strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_strength?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16359773 coauthored" data-work_id="16359773" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16359773/The_role_of_hydroxyapatite_as_solid_signal_on_performance_of_PCL_porous_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_regeneration">The role of hydroxyapatite as solid signal on performance of PCL porous scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Highly porous composites made up of biodegradable poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) and stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) particles have been developed as substrate for bonetissue regeneration. The processing technique consists of phase... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16359773" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Highly porous composites made up of biodegradable poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) and stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) particles have been developed as substrate for bonetissue regeneration. The processing technique consists of phase inversion and particulate (salt crystals) leaching. Three different HA contents (13, 20 and 26 vol %) in PCL-based composite were considered in this study. Pore microstructure with fully interconnected network and pore sizes ranging around a few hundred of lm (macroporosity) was obtained as a result of salt particles removal by leaching process. Several microns (microporosity) porosity was also created through phase inversion of polymer solution. Total porosity up to 95% was achieved. Human marrow stromal cells (MSC) were seeded onto porous PCL-based composites for 1-5 weeks and cultured in osteogenic medium. MSC were able to adhere and grow on PCL-based substrates with a plateau at 3-4 weeks. However, the small effect of bioactive signals on the biological response evaluated in MSC cell culture suggests a prior role of topography on the biological response. Importantly, the presence of HA as a bioactive solid signal determines an increase of mechanical properties. On the overall, the results indicated that porous PCL-based composites are potential candidate for bone substitution with beneficial influence on structural characteristics by solid signal addition. '</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16359773" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43b39f258cd6726f444f087cf36764db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42512277,"asset_id":16359773,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42512277/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46438737" href="https://cnr-it.academia.edu/VincenzoGuarino">Vincenzo Guarino</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46438737" type="text/json">{"id":46438737,"first_name":"Vincenzo","last_name":"Guarino","domain_name":"cnr-it","page_name":"VincenzoGuarino","display_name":"Vincenzo Guarino","profile_url":"https://cnr-it.academia.edu/VincenzoGuarino?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16359773">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16359773"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9eMartini">Désirée Martini</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FCausa">F. Causa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16359773'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16359773').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16359773 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16359773"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16359773, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16359773", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16359773 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16359773; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16359773"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16359773 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16359773"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16359773; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16359773]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16359773").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16359773").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16359773"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2699" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_Engineering">Tissue Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2699" type="text/json">{"id":2699,"name":"Tissue Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxyapatite">Hydroxyapatite</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6216" type="text/json">{"id":6216,"name":"Hydroxyapatite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxyapatite?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16359773]'), work: {"id":16359773,"title":"The role of hydroxyapatite as solid signal on performance of PCL porous scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration","created_at":"2015-10-01T06:18:29.602-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16359773/The_role_of_hydroxyapatite_as_solid_signal_on_performance_of_PCL_porous_scaffolds_for_bone_tissue_regeneration?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_16359773","summary":"Highly porous composites made up of biodegradable poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) and stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) particles have been developed as substrate for bonetissue regeneration. The processing technique consists of phase inversion and particulate (salt crystals) leaching. Three different HA contents (13, 20 and 26 vol %) in PCL-based composite were considered in this study. Pore microstructure with fully interconnected network and pore sizes ranging around a few hundred of lm (macroporosity) was obtained as a result of salt particles removal by leaching process. Several microns (microporosity) porosity was also created through phase inversion of polymer solution. Total porosity up to 95% was achieved. Human marrow stromal cells (MSC) were seeded onto porous PCL-based composites for 1-5 weeks and cultured in osteogenic medium. MSC were able to adhere and grow on PCL-based substrates with a plateau at 3-4 weeks. However, the small effect of bioactive signals on the biological response evaluated in MSC cell culture suggests a prior role of topography on the biological response. Importantly, the presence of HA as a bioactive solid signal determines an increase of mechanical properties. On the overall, the results indicated that porous PCL-based composites are potential candidate for bone substitution with beneficial influence on structural characteristics by solid signal addition. '","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42512277,"asset_id":16359773,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46438737,"first_name":"Vincenzo","last_name":"Guarino","domain_name":"cnr-it","page_name":"VincenzoGuarino","display_name":"Vincenzo Guarino","profile_url":"https://cnr-it.academia.edu/VincenzoGuarino?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":35484160,"first_name":"Désirée","last_name":"Martini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DésiréeMartini","display_name":"Désirée Martini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9eMartini?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35484160/85316719/73962935/s65_d_sir_e.martini.jpeg"},{"id":46191829,"first_name":"F.","last_name":"Causa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FCausa","display_name":"F. Causa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FCausa?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2699,"name":"Tissue Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":6216,"name":"Hydroxyapatite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxyapatite?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":38237,"name":"Bone Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Regeneration?f_ri=512"},{"id":68315,"name":"Porosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Porosity?f_ri=512"},{"id":477968,"name":"Stromal Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stromal_Cells?f_ri=512"},{"id":945593,"name":"Durapatite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Durapatite?f_ri=512"},{"id":973559,"name":"Polyesters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyesters?f_ri=512"},{"id":1256683,"name":"Bone and Bones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_and_Bones?f_ri=512"},{"id":1664707,"name":"Bone Marrow Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Marrow_Cells?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17847230" data-work_id="17847230" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17847230/Forces_in_one_dimension_Chapter_Four">Forces in one dimension : Chapter Four</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This chapter talks about the importance of the free body diagram  <br />and the laws of motion , <br />and finally explains the major difference between mass and weight including Newton's law of universal gravitation and the gravitational field .</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17847230" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1dca8ffb35b571e08798af157723efc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52386684,"asset_id":17847230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52386684/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28094137" href="https://udel.academia.edu/WaleedAbuKhader">Waleed Abu-Khader</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28094137" type="text/json">{"id":28094137,"first_name":"Waleed","last_name":"Abu-Khader","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"WaleedAbuKhader","display_name":"Waleed Abu-Khader","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/WaleedAbuKhader?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28094137/7950982/37414645/s65_waleed.abu-khader.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17847230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17847230"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17847230, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17847230", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17847230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17847230").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17847230").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17847230"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="442067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Mechanics">Classical Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="442067" type="text/json">{"id":442067,"name":"Classical Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17847230]'), work: {"id":17847230,"title":"Forces in one dimension : Chapter Four","created_at":"2015-11-06T01:03:53.611-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17847230/Forces_in_one_dimension_Chapter_Four?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_17847230","summary":"This chapter talks about the importance of the free body diagram \nand the laws of motion , \nand finally explains the major difference between mass and weight including Newton's law of universal gravitation and the gravitational field . ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52386684,"asset_id":17847230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28094137,"first_name":"Waleed","last_name":"Abu-Khader","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"WaleedAbuKhader","display_name":"Waleed Abu-Khader","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/WaleedAbuKhader?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28094137/7950982/37414645/s65_waleed.abu-khader.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":442067,"name":"Classical Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81405315" data-work_id="81405315" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81405315/Modeling_and_analysis_of_thermal_damping_in_heat_exchanger_tube_bundles">Modeling and analysis of thermal damping in heat exchanger tube bundles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Most structures and equipment used in nuclear power plant and process plant, such as reactor internals, fuel rods, steam generator tubes bundles, and process heat exchanger tube bundles, are subjected to flow-induced vibrations (FIV).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81405315" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Most structures and equipment used in nuclear power plant and process plant, such as reactor internals, fuel rods, steam generator tubes bundles, and process heat exchanger tube bundles, are subjected to flow-induced vibrations (FIV). Costly plant shutdowns have been the source of motivation for continuing studies on cross-flow-induced vibration in these structures. Damping has been the target of various research attempts related to FIV in tube bundles. A recent research attempt has shown the usefulness of a phenomenon termed as 'thermal damping'. The current paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of thermal damping in tube bundles subjected to cross-flow. It is expected that the present attempt will help in establishing improved design guidelines with respect to damping in tube bundles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81405315" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="875c9df56406094102b9a714fe44f07c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87459202,"asset_id":81405315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87459202/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11965880" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KhanZaffar">Zaffar Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11965880" type="text/json">{"id":11965880,"first_name":"Zaffar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KhanZaffar","display_name":"Zaffar Khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KhanZaffar?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11965880/3439300/4043552/s65_zaffar.khan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81405315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81405315"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81405315, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81405315", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81405315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81405315").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81405315").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81405315"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Design">Engineering Design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7947" type="text/json">{"id":7947,"name":"Engineering Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Design?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81405315]'), work: {"id":81405315,"title":"Modeling and analysis of thermal damping in heat exchanger tube bundles","created_at":"2022-06-13T10:41:44.113-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81405315/Modeling_and_analysis_of_thermal_damping_in_heat_exchanger_tube_bundles?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_81405315","summary":"Most structures and equipment used in nuclear power plant and process plant, such as reactor internals, fuel rods, steam generator tubes bundles, and process heat exchanger tube bundles, are subjected to flow-induced vibrations (FIV). Costly plant shutdowns have been the source of motivation for continuing studies on cross-flow-induced vibration in these structures. Damping has been the target of various research attempts related to FIV in tube bundles. A recent research attempt has shown the usefulness of a phenomenon termed as 'thermal damping'. The current paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of thermal damping in tube bundles subjected to cross-flow. It is expected that the present attempt will help in establishing improved design guidelines with respect to damping in tube bundles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87459202,"asset_id":81405315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11965880,"first_name":"Zaffar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KhanZaffar","display_name":"Zaffar Khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KhanZaffar?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11965880/3439300/4043552/s65_zaffar.khan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":7947,"name":"Engineering Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Design?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":19517,"name":"Heat Exchanger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Exchanger?f_ri=512"},{"id":432657,"name":"Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shell_and_Tube_Heat_Exchanger?f_ri=512"},{"id":554780,"name":"Interdisciplinary Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdisciplinary_Engineering?f_ri=512"},{"id":1214122,"name":"Nuclear Power Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Power_Plant?f_ri=512"},{"id":1759269,"name":"Steam Generator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steam_Generator?f_ri=512"},{"id":1968875,"name":"Modeling and Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Analysis?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66605780" data-work_id="66605780" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66605780/Criterion_for_angle_prediction_for_the_crack_in_materials_with_random_structure">Criterion for angle prediction for the crack in materials with random structure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Presented paper contains results of fracture analysis of brittle composite materials with a random distribution of grains. The composite structure has been modelled as an isotropic matrix that surrounds circular grains with random... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66605780" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Presented paper contains results of fracture analysis of brittle composite materials with a random distribution of grains. The composite structure has been modelled as an isotropic matrix that surrounds circular grains with random diameters and space position. Analyses were preformed for the rectangular &quot;numerical sample &quot; by finite element method. FE mesh for the examples were generated using the authors&#39; computer program RandomGrain. Fracture analyses were accomplished with the authors&#39; computer program CrackPath3 executing the &quot;fine mesh window&quot; technique. Calculations were preformed in 2D space assuming the plane stress state. Current efforts focus on brittle materials such as rocks or concrete.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66605780" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11580de08f4adf3c68b68cfa5530b2ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77730704,"asset_id":66605780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77730704/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12114354" href="https://pollub.academia.edu/JPodg%C3%B3rski">Jerzy Podgórski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12114354" type="text/json">{"id":12114354,"first_name":"Jerzy","last_name":"Podgórski","domain_name":"pollub","page_name":"JPodgórski","display_name":"Jerzy Podgórski","profile_url":"https://pollub.academia.edu/JPodg%C3%B3rski?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12114354/17704595/17742040/s65_jerzy.podg_rski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66605780 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66605780"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66605780, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66605780", }); 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The composite structure has been modelled as an isotropic matrix that surrounds circular grains with random diameters and space position. Analyses were preformed for the rectangular \u0026quot;numerical sample \u0026quot; by finite element method. FE mesh for the examples were generated using the authors\u0026#39; computer program RandomGrain. Fracture analyses were accomplished with the authors\u0026#39; computer program CrackPath3 executing the \u0026quot;fine mesh window\u0026quot; technique. Calculations were preformed in 2D space assuming the plane stress state. Current efforts focus on brittle materials such as rocks or concrete.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77730704,"asset_id":66605780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12114354,"first_name":"Jerzy","last_name":"Podgórski","domain_name":"pollub","page_name":"JPodgórski","display_name":"Jerzy Podgórski","profile_url":"https://pollub.academia.edu/JPodg%C3%B3rski?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12114354/17704595/17742040/s65_jerzy.podg_rski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":167207,"name":"Flight mechanics and control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flight_mechanics_and_control?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49444708" data-work_id="49444708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49444708/Terrace_width_distributions_on_vicinal_surfaces_generalized_Wigner_surmise_and_extraction_of_step_step_repulsions">Terrace-width distributions on vicinal surfaces: generalized Wigner surmise and extraction of step–step repulsions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From quantitative measurement of the equilibrium terrace-width (`) distribution (TWD) of vicinal surfaces, one can assess the strength A of elastic step±step repulsions A/`2. Generally the TWD depends only onÃ A Â step stiffness=k B T 2.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49444708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From quantitative measurement of the equilibrium terrace-width (`) distribution (TWD) of vicinal surfaces, one can assess the strength A of elastic step±step repulsions A/`2. Generally the TWD depends only onÃ A Â step stiffness=k B T 2. From ideas of¯uctuation phenomena, TWDs should be describable by the``generalized Wigner distribution'' (GWD), essentially a power-law in`/h`i times a``Gaussian decay'' in`/h`i. The power-law exponent is related simply toÃ. Alternatively, the GWD gives the exact solution for a mean-®eld approximation. The GWD provides at least as good a description of TWDs as the standard ®t to a Gaussian (centered at h`i). It works well for weak elastic repulsion strengthsÃ (where Gaussians fail), as illustrated explicitly for vicinal Pt(1 1 0). Application to vicinal copper surfaces con®rms the viability of the GWD analysis. The GWD can be treated as a two-parameter ®t by scaling`using an adjustable characteristic width. With Monte Carlo and transfer-matrix calculations, we show that for physical values ofÃ, the GWD provides a better overall estimate than the Gaussian models. We quantify how a GWD approaches a Gaussian for largeÃ and present a convenient, accurate expression relating the variance of the TWD toÃ. We describe how discreteness of terrace widths impacts the standard continuum analysis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49444708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="797d1ffa2265d7745cc0bfc692553161" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67794783,"asset_id":49444708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67794783/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1804020" href="https://umd.academia.edu/TedEinstein">Ted Einstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1804020" type="text/json">{"id":1804020,"first_name":"Ted","last_name":"Einstein","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"TedEinstein","display_name":"Ted Einstein","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/TedEinstein?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49444708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49444708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49444708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49444708", }); 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Generally the TWD depends only onÃ A Â step stiffness=k B T 2. From ideas of¯uctuation phenomena, TWDs should be describable by the``generalized Wigner distribution'' (GWD), essentially a power-law in`/h`i times a``Gaussian decay'' in`/h`i. The power-law exponent is related simply toÃ. Alternatively, the GWD gives the exact solution for a mean-®eld approximation. The GWD provides at least as good a description of TWDs as the standard ®t to a Gaussian (centered at h`i). It works well for weak elastic repulsion strengthsÃ (where Gaussians fail), as illustrated explicitly for vicinal Pt(1 1 0). Application to vicinal copper surfaces con®rms the viability of the GWD analysis. The GWD can be treated as a two-parameter ®t by scaling`using an adjustable characteristic width. With Monte Carlo and transfer-matrix calculations, we show that for physical values ofÃ, the GWD provides a better overall estimate than the Gaussian models. We quantify how a GWD approaches a Gaussian for largeÃ and present a convenient, accurate expression relating the variance of the TWD toÃ. We describe how discreteness of terrace widths impacts the standard continuum analysis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67794783,"asset_id":49444708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1804020,"first_name":"Ted","last_name":"Einstein","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"TedEinstein","display_name":"Ted Einstein","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/TedEinstein?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":520,"name":"Statistical Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":4120,"name":"Crystal Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_Growth?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":6974,"name":"Monte 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href="https://www.academia.edu/52104231/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_V94_2_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9">التوربين الغازي V94.2 من وجهة نظر ميكانيكية</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The main parts of the V94.2 gas turbine from a mechanical point of view.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52104231" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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Turbines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Turbines?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52104231]'), work: {"id":52104231,"title":"التوربين الغازي V94.2 من وجهة نظر ميكانيكية","created_at":"2021-09-13T02:05:32.558-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52104231/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_V94_2_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_52104231","summary":"The main parts of the V94.2 gas turbine from a mechanical point of view.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69522512,"asset_id":52104231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":106026119,"first_name":"عدنان","last_name":"بهجت","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdnanBahjat","display_name":"عدنان بهجت","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdnanBahjat?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/106026119/26090922/45667509/s65__._.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":397530,"name":"Gas Turbines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Turbines?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37250378" data-work_id="37250378" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37250378/Interclinician_and_intraclinician_variability_in_the_mechanics_of_the_pivot_shift_test_for_posterolateral_rotatory_instability_PLRI_of_the_elbow">Interclinician and intraclinician variability in the mechanics of the pivot shift test for posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hypothesis: Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow results from injury to the lateral collateral ligament complex from trauma or iatrogenic injury. The lateral pivot-shift test (PST) is standard for diagnosing PLRI, but... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37250378" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hypothesis: Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow results from injury to the lateral collateral ligament complex from trauma or iatrogenic injury. The lateral pivot-shift test (PST) is standard for diagnosing PLRI, but its subjectivity affects diagnosis and makes it difficult to train young surgeons. Awell-controlled investigation has not been done to quantify interclinician and intraclinician variability in PST mechanics in the intact and unstable elbow. The authors predict that there exist differences in PST mechanics between clinicians. Materials and methods: Five unpaired elbow specimens underwent PST intact and after sequential sectioning of lateral stabilizing ligaments. Multiple PST trials were performed on each specimen by 3 clinicians (1 expert, 2 in-training) while 3-dimensional motion and loads were recorded. Intraclinician and interclinician variability were analyzed. Results: Mean supination torque, valgus torque, and axial force were 3.6 AE 1.9 Nm, 5.6 AE 3.1 Nm, and e8.3 AE 15.7 N, respectively. Mean radial head displacement was 13.7 AE 4.6 mm. There were no significant differences in these measures after sequential ligament sectioning. One surgeon (in-training 2) applied significantly greater axial compressive forces across the elbow joint (5-9 N difference). Variability of axial force (380% AE 473%) was greater than that of supination torque (20% AE 11%), valgus torque (14% AE 4%), and radial head displacement (8% AE 6%; P < .05 for analysis of variance). Discussion: The clinicians performed the PST consistently and with comparable loads, with the exception of axial compressive force across the radiohumeral joint, which varied across clinicians by 1 to 2 pounds (5-9 N). Conclusion: This study suggests that the PST is a mechanically reproducible clinical examination, despite differing levels of training in performing the maneuver. With the exception of axial force, PST mechanics are highly repeatable for a given surgeon applying the test on a single specimen.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37250378" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aecb60a5b67694e4b303ee7af2f62890" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57203126,"asset_id":37250378,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57203126/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53906904" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LisaLattanza">Lisa Lattanza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53906904" type="text/json">{"id":53906904,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Lattanza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LisaLattanza","display_name":"Lisa Lattanza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LisaLattanza?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37250378 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37250378"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37250378, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37250378", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37250378]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37250378").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37250378").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37250378"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="645" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="645" type="text/json">{"id":645,"name":"Rheumatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37250378]'), work: {"id":37250378,"title":"Interclinician and intraclinician variability in the mechanics of the pivot shift test for posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow","created_at":"2018-08-16T22:34:15.835-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37250378/Interclinician_and_intraclinician_variability_in_the_mechanics_of_the_pivot_shift_test_for_posterolateral_rotatory_instability_PLRI_of_the_elbow?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_37250378","summary":"Hypothesis: Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow results from injury to the lateral collateral ligament complex from trauma or iatrogenic injury. The lateral pivot-shift test (PST) is standard for diagnosing PLRI, but its subjectivity affects diagnosis and makes it difficult to train young surgeons. Awell-controlled investigation has not been done to quantify interclinician and intraclinician variability in PST mechanics in the intact and unstable elbow. The authors predict that there exist differences in PST mechanics between clinicians. Materials and methods: Five unpaired elbow specimens underwent PST intact and after sequential sectioning of lateral stabilizing ligaments. Multiple PST trials were performed on each specimen by 3 clinicians (1 expert, 2 in-training) while 3-dimensional motion and loads were recorded. Intraclinician and interclinician variability were analyzed. Results: Mean supination torque, valgus torque, and axial force were 3.6 AE 1.9 Nm, 5.6 AE 3.1 Nm, and e8.3 AE 15.7 N, respectively. Mean radial head displacement was 13.7 AE 4.6 mm. There were no significant differences in these measures after sequential ligament sectioning. One surgeon (in-training 2) applied significantly greater axial compressive forces across the elbow joint (5-9 N difference). Variability of axial force (380% AE 473%) was greater than that of supination torque (20% AE 11%), valgus torque (14% AE 4%), and radial head displacement (8% AE 6%; P \u003c .05 for analysis of variance). Discussion: The clinicians performed the PST consistently and with comparable loads, with the exception of axial compressive force across the radiohumeral joint, which varied across clinicians by 1 to 2 pounds (5-9 N). Conclusion: This study suggests that the PST is a mechanically reproducible clinical examination, despite differing levels of training in performing the maneuver. With the exception of axial force, PST mechanics are highly repeatable for a given surgeon applying the test on a single specimen.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57203126,"asset_id":37250378,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53906904,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Lattanza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LisaLattanza","display_name":"Lisa Lattanza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LisaLattanza?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":645,"name":"Rheumatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":63679,"name":"Instability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instability?f_ri=512"},{"id":80560,"name":"Shoulder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shoulder?f_ri=512"},{"id":80561,"name":"Variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Variability?f_ri=512"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical 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data-work_id="328638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/328638/Modelling_of_Martensitic_Transformation_and_Plastic_Slip_Effects_on_the_Thermomechanical_Behaviour_of_Iron_Based_Shape_Memory_Alloys">Modelling of Martensitic Transformation and Plastic Slip Effects on the Thermomechanical Behaviour of Iron Based Shape Memory Alloys</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/328638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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href="https://enim-tn.academia.edu/tarakbouraoui">Tarak Bouraoui</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="247838" type="text/json">{"id":247838,"first_name":"Tarak","last_name":"Bouraoui","domain_name":"enim-tn","page_name":"tarakbouraoui","display_name":"Tarak Bouraoui","profile_url":"https://enim-tn.academia.edu/tarakbouraoui?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/247838/53533/49315/s65_tarak.bouraoui.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_328638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="328638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 328638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_328638", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_328638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=328638]'), work: {"id":328638,"title":"Modelling of Martensitic Transformation and Plastic Slip Effects on the Thermomechanical Behaviour of Iron Based Shape Memory Alloys","created_at":"2010-09-16T05:41:01.957-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/328638/Modelling_of_Martensitic_Transformation_and_Plastic_Slip_Effects_on_the_Thermomechanical_Behaviour_of_Iron_Based_Shape_Memory_Alloys?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_328638","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3247798,"asset_id":328638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":247838,"first_name":"Tarak","last_name":"Bouraoui","domain_name":"enim-tn","page_name":"tarakbouraoui","display_name":"Tarak Bouraoui","profile_url":"https://enim-tn.academia.edu/tarakbouraoui?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/247838/53533/49315/s65_tarak.bouraoui.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=512"},{"id":2161,"name":"Microstructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure?f_ri=512"},{"id":32145,"name":"Micromechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Micromechanics?f_ri=512"},{"id":32984,"name":"Mechanics of Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics_of_Materials?f_ri=512"},{"id":114719,"name":"Gibbs Free Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gibbs_Free_Energy?f_ri=512"},{"id":193501,"name":"Shape Memory Alloy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shape_Memory_Alloy?f_ri=512"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional?f_ri=512"},{"id":551418,"name":"Newton-Raphson algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newton-Raphson_algorithm?f_ri=512"},{"id":727498,"name":"Martensitic Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martensitic_Transformation?f_ri=512"},{"id":1231286,"name":"Representative Volume Element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representative_Volume_Element?f_ri=512"},{"id":1231330,"name":"Constitutive Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutive_Equation?f_ri=512"},{"id":1401143,"name":"Slip System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slip_System?f_ri=512"},{"id":2049637,"name":"Mechanical Loading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Loading?f_ri=512"},{"id":2419096,"name":"Driving force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Driving_force?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20787443" data-work_id="20787443" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20787443/Pullout_Strengths_of_Cannulated_and_Noncannulated_Cancellous_Bone_Screws">Pullout Strengths of Cannulated and Noncannulated Cancellous Bone Screws</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42072107" href="https://arizona.academia.edu/JohnSzivek">John Szivek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42072107" type="text/json">{"id":42072107,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Szivek","domain_name":"arizona","page_name":"JohnSzivek","display_name":"John Szivek","profile_url":"https://arizona.academia.edu/JohnSzivek?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42072107/96361721/85394144/s65_john.szivek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20787443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20787443"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 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20787443; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20787443]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20787443").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20787443").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20787443"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancellous_bone">Cancellous bone</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83969" type="text/json">{"id":83969,"name":"Cancellous bone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancellous_bone?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1145520" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design">Equipment Design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1145520" type="text/json">{"id":1145520,"name":"Equipment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20787443]'), work: {"id":20787443,"title":"Pullout Strengths of Cannulated and Noncannulated Cancellous Bone Screws","created_at":"2016-01-25T08:58:56.759-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20787443/Pullout_Strengths_of_Cannulated_and_Noncannulated_Cancellous_Bone_Screws?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_20787443","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41561979,"asset_id":20787443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42072107,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Szivek","domain_name":"arizona","page_name":"JohnSzivek","display_name":"John Szivek","profile_url":"https://arizona.academia.edu/JohnSzivek?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42072107/96361721/85394144/s65_john.szivek.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":83969,"name":"Cancellous bone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancellous_bone?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":1145520,"name":"Equipment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7028254" data-work_id="7028254" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7028254/Analysis_and_testing_of_corrugated_board_panels_into_the_post_buckling_regime">Analysis and testing of corrugated board panels into the post-buckling regime</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Testing of the load bearing capacity of corrugated board boxes is often associated with uncertainties, e.g. the creases along the edges of the side panels introduce eccentricities. An alternative to the testing of boxes is therefore... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7028254" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Testing of the load bearing capacity of corrugated board boxes is often associated with uncertainties, e.g. the creases along the edges of the side panels introduce eccentricities. An alternative to the testing of boxes is therefore attractive. One suggestion is testing of panels. However, panels are sensitive to the boundary conditions. A panel compression test (PCT-) rig, similar to a test frame for metal plates designed by A.C. Walker, was therefore built to achieve accurately defined load and boundary conditions. The PCT-rig furnishes simply supported boundary conditions, i.e. the edges of the panel are prevented from moving out-of-plane without any rotational restraint. The edges are also free to move in-plane. In order to describe the buckling behaviour, a non-linear buckling analysis of orthotropic plates, derived by Rhodes and Harvey, was modified to include initial imperfections. The critical buckling load of the panels was evaluated by fitting the analytical expression by non-linear regression to experimentally measured loaddisplacement curves. The results show a difference in the order of 15-20% between experimentally estimated critical buckling load and the analytically predicted critical buckling load for orthotropic plates. This is mainly attributed to transverse shear deformations. A corresponding difference was observed between analytically predicted and experimentally measured load-displacement curves at large out-of-plane deformation, i.e. twice or three times the board thickness. This is probably caused by the non-linear response of paper at high stresses and local buckling of the panel facings, i.e. the liners. A predicted failure load of the corrugated board panel was determined when stresses in the facings reached the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. The predicted failure load and measured average experimental failure load were close, indicating that collapse of the panel is triggered by material failure of one of the liners.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7028254" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ea24cb40f55abf87f09b9f49d913bbe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48627245,"asset_id":7028254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48627245/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11987172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TNordstrand">Tomas Nordstrand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11987172" type="text/json">{"id":11987172,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Nordstrand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TNordstrand","display_name":"Tomas Nordstrand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TNordstrand?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11987172/3445222/4050170/s65_tomas.nordstrand.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7028254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7028254"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7028254, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7028254", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7028254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7028254; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7028254"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7028254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7028254"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7028254; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7028254]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7028254").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7028254").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7028254"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14557" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Mechanics">Applied Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14557" type="text/json">{"id":14557,"name":"Applied Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7028254]'), work: {"id":7028254,"title":"Analysis and testing of corrugated board panels into the post-buckling regime","created_at":"2014-05-12T20:07:35.458-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7028254/Analysis_and_testing_of_corrugated_board_panels_into_the_post_buckling_regime?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_7028254","summary":"Testing of the load bearing capacity of corrugated board boxes is often associated with uncertainties, e.g. the creases along the edges of the side panels introduce eccentricities. An alternative to the testing of boxes is therefore attractive. One suggestion is testing of panels. However, panels are sensitive to the boundary conditions. A panel compression test (PCT-) rig, similar to a test frame for metal plates designed by A.C. Walker, was therefore built to achieve accurately defined load and boundary conditions. The PCT-rig furnishes simply supported boundary conditions, i.e. the edges of the panel are prevented from moving out-of-plane without any rotational restraint. The edges are also free to move in-plane. In order to describe the buckling behaviour, a non-linear buckling analysis of orthotropic plates, derived by Rhodes and Harvey, was modified to include initial imperfections. The critical buckling load of the panels was evaluated by fitting the analytical expression by non-linear regression to experimentally measured loaddisplacement curves. The results show a difference in the order of 15-20% between experimentally estimated critical buckling load and the analytically predicted critical buckling load for orthotropic plates. This is mainly attributed to transverse shear deformations. A corresponding difference was observed between analytically predicted and experimentally measured load-displacement curves at large out-of-plane deformation, i.e. twice or three times the board thickness. This is probably caused by the non-linear response of paper at high stresses and local buckling of the panel facings, i.e. the liners. A predicted failure load of the corrugated board panel was determined when stresses in the facings reached the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. The predicted failure load and measured average experimental failure load were close, indicating that collapse of the panel is triggered by material failure of one of the liners.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48627245,"asset_id":7028254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11987172,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Nordstrand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TNordstrand","display_name":"Tomas Nordstrand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TNordstrand?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11987172/3445222/4050170/s65_tomas.nordstrand.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":14557,"name":"Applied Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69189681" data-work_id="69189681" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69189681/Significant_increase_in_the_hardness_of_the_ferritic_phase_due_to_structural_changes_at_low_temperatures_in_duplex_stainless_steels">Significant increase in the hardness of the ferritic phase due to structural changes at low temperatures in duplex stainless steels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Duplex stainless steel samples were aged at low temperatures of the 300ºC and 400ºC for 3000, 5000 and 7000 hours. The changes at the micro-structure were fol-lowed during the annealing time using an optical micro s-copy and measurements... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69189681" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Duplex stainless steel samples were aged at low temperatures of the 300ºC and 400ºC for 3000, 5000 and 7000 hours. The changes at the micro-structure were fol-lowed during the annealing time using an optical micro s-copy and measurements of phase percentages. Nano-hardness was used in order to identify the phase responsi-ble for the increasing in the global hardness. The G phase precipitation and alpha’ phase due to spinodal decomposition was identified by transmission electron microscopy. It was detected that the micro-structural changes affect the global properties, remarkably the global hardness. TEM results showed that the chromium rich precipitation occurs mainly in the ferrite phases. The results also showed a clear difference between the kinetics of precipitation of the lower chromium content sample and the higher chromium sam-ple. The phenomena of precipitation and coalescence ofchromium rich phases must be related to the increasing and decreasing tendencies of hardness, res...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69189681" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c44b46b0b458dc7c6d11d40bf7d189b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79379628,"asset_id":69189681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79379628/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27719601" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoaoRobertoSartoriMoreno">Joao Roberto Sartori Moreno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27719601" type="text/json">{"id":27719601,"first_name":"Joao Roberto","last_name":"Sartori Moreno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoaoRobertoSartoriMoreno","display_name":"Joao Roberto Sartori Moreno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoaoRobertoSartoriMoreno?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69189681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69189681"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69189681, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69189681", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69189681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69189681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69189681"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69189681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69189681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69189681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69189681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69189681").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69189681").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69189681"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="176678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hardness">Hardness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="176678" type="text/json">{"id":176678,"name":"Hardness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hardness?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="291658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation">Precipitation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="291658" type="text/json">{"id":291658,"name":"Precipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69189681]'), work: {"id":69189681,"title":"Significant increase in the hardness of the ferritic phase due to structural changes at low temperatures in duplex stainless steels","created_at":"2022-01-22T11:37:12.891-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69189681/Significant_increase_in_the_hardness_of_the_ferritic_phase_due_to_structural_changes_at_low_temperatures_in_duplex_stainless_steels?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_69189681","summary":"Duplex stainless steel samples were aged at low temperatures of the 300ºC and 400ºC for 3000, 5000 and 7000 hours. The changes at the micro-structure were fol-lowed during the annealing time using an optical micro s-copy and measurements of phase percentages. Nano-hardness was used in order to identify the phase responsi-ble for the increasing in the global hardness. The G phase precipitation and alpha’ phase due to spinodal decomposition was identified by transmission electron microscopy. It was detected that the micro-structural changes affect the global properties, remarkably the global hardness. TEM results showed that the chromium rich precipitation occurs mainly in the ferrite phases. The results also showed a clear difference between the kinetics of precipitation of the lower chromium content sample and the higher chromium sam-ple. The phenomena of precipitation and coalescence ofchromium rich phases must be related to the increasing and decreasing tendencies of hardness, res...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79379628,"asset_id":69189681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27719601,"first_name":"Joao Roberto","last_name":"Sartori Moreno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoaoRobertoSartoriMoreno","display_name":"Joao Roberto Sartori Moreno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoaoRobertoSartoriMoreno?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":176678,"name":"Hardness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hardness?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":291658,"name":"Precipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":415783,"name":"Spinodal Decomposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinodal_Decomposition?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10114100" data-work_id="10114100" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10114100/Systematic_study_of_the_flow_behaviour_and_mechanical_properties_of_Carbopol_Ultrez_10_hydroalcoholic_gels">Systematic study of the flow behaviour and mechanical properties of Carbopol ® Ultrez™ 10 hydroalcoholic gels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Flow behaviour and mechanical properties of 0:100, 15:85, and 30:70 v/v gelled ethanol:water mixtures are studied as a function of pH (4.0-7.0) and Carbopol w Ultreze 10 concentration (0.1-0.5%). As previously reported individually for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10114100" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Flow behaviour and mechanical properties of 0:100, 15:85, and 30:70 v/v gelled ethanol:water mixtures are studied as a function of pH (4.0-7.0) and Carbopol w Ultreze 10 concentration (0.1-0.5%). As previously reported individually for 30% v/v alcoholic Ultreze 10 gels, flow curves were adjusted to the Ostwald's model, and similar sigmoidal dose response functions were obtained to describe the pH dependence of consistency index and mechanical properties of the systems. The concentration dependence of flow indexes was also best adjusted to one-phase exponential decay functions. As a result, the influence of ethanol content on polymer network is meaningfully assessed by means of the obtained empirical parameters: bottom value of each variable (Y max ), pH value required for a 50% polymer network development (pH 50 ), and asymptotic flow index value for the fully structured gels (n min ). Also, it is assessed the influence of cosolvent on the above-mentioned empirical variables, by studying pH-dependence of gelation in methanol:water, 1-propanol:water and 1-butanol:water 15:85% v/v mixtures. As a result, the alcohol induced variations in consistency and mechanical properties of hydroalcoholic gels were well correlated to modifications in the solubility parameter (d T ). q</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10114100" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78e808a15eb0e8c8cc8d2463e265bf01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47525238,"asset_id":10114100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47525238/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24665766" href="https://independent.academia.edu/maricelajimenez">maricela jimenez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24665766" type="text/json">{"id":24665766,"first_name":"maricela","last_name":"jimenez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"maricelajimenez","display_name":"maricela jimenez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/maricelajimenez?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24665766/24101143/23070966/s65_maricela.jimenez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10114100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10114100"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10114100, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10114100", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10114100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10114100; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10114100"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10114100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10114100"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10114100; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10114100]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10114100").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10114100").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10114100"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="279027" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European">European</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="279027" type="text/json">{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="284907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gels">Gels</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="284907" type="text/json">{"id":284907,"name":"Gels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gels?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10114100]'), work: {"id":10114100,"title":"Systematic study of the flow behaviour and mechanical properties of Carbopol ® Ultrez™ 10 hydroalcoholic gels","created_at":"2015-01-11T11:52:23.047-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10114100/Systematic_study_of_the_flow_behaviour_and_mechanical_properties_of_Carbopol_Ultrez_10_hydroalcoholic_gels?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_10114100","summary":"Flow behaviour and mechanical properties of 0:100, 15:85, and 30:70 v/v gelled ethanol:water mixtures are studied as a function of pH (4.0-7.0) and Carbopol w Ultreze 10 concentration (0.1-0.5%). As previously reported individually for 30% v/v alcoholic Ultreze 10 gels, flow curves were adjusted to the Ostwald's model, and similar sigmoidal dose response functions were obtained to describe the pH dependence of consistency index and mechanical properties of the systems. The concentration dependence of flow indexes was also best adjusted to one-phase exponential decay functions. As a result, the influence of ethanol content on polymer network is meaningfully assessed by means of the obtained empirical parameters: bottom value of each variable (Y max ), pH value required for a 50% polymer network development (pH 50 ), and asymptotic flow index value for the fully structured gels (n min ). Also, it is assessed the influence of cosolvent on the above-mentioned empirical variables, by studying pH-dependence of gelation in methanol:water, 1-propanol:water and 1-butanol:water 15:85% v/v mixtures. As a result, the alcohol induced variations in consistency and mechanical properties of hydroalcoholic gels were well correlated to modifications in the solubility parameter (d T ). q","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47525238,"asset_id":10114100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24665766,"first_name":"maricela","last_name":"jimenez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"maricelajimenez","display_name":"maricela jimenez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/maricelajimenez?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24665766/24101143/23070966/s65_maricela.jimenez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":284907,"name":"Gels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gels?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":604754,"name":"Acrylic Resins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acrylic_Resins?f_ri=512"},{"id":1294622,"name":"Alcohols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohols?f_ri=512"},{"id":1297237,"name":"Empirical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Model?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8337205" data-work_id="8337205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8337205/Problem_in_the_relativistic_energy_and_momentum_conservation">Problem in the relativistic energy and momentum conservation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Lorentz transformations and special theory of relativity have existed for more than a century and mathematics related to them has been used and applied for innumerous times. Relativistic energy and relativistic momentum equations have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8337205" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Lorentz transformations and special theory of relativity have existed for more than a century and mathematics related to them has been used and applied for innumerous times. Relativistic energy and relativistic momentum equations have been derived and proven to be conserved if energy/momentum transaction is seen from different frames of reference. The set of permissible inertial reference frame velocities from where the energy and momentum of a closed system of particles may be observed to be conserved forms a ball in the velocity vector space. In this paper we use the existing equations of special theory of relativity and Lorentz transformations and the mathematical structure of the observation velocity space to prove that the conservation of kinetic energy implies the conservation of momentum. We also prove that the conservation of momentum implies the conservation of kinetic energy. The derivation of the conservation of kinetic energy from the conservation of momentum implies that either potential energy has a momentum thus made of inertial particles or there cannot be a net conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. This is an important result for classical mechanics because it implies that all fields, which lead to particle interaction must carry momentum in them even in the case of classical mechanics. We further discuss the case of attractive field leading to increase in momentum. In this paper we also show that a similar derivation for conservation of Galilean/Newtonian energy leads to conservation of momentum but applying the derivation on conservation of momentum just leads to conservation of mass.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8337205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9cd51bf30d7d261bef284d0e2041e1ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35486520,"asset_id":8337205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35486520/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6514033" href="https://independent.academia.edu/shalender">Shalender Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6514033" type="text/json">{"id":6514033,"first_name":"Shalender","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"shalender","display_name":"Shalender Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/shalender?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6514033/2620280/44844406/s65_shalender.singh.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8337205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8337205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8337205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8337205", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8337205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8337205; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8337205"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8337205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8337205"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8337205; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8337205]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8337205").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8337205").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8337205"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3504" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Relativity">General Relativity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3504" type="text/json">{"id":3504,"name":"General Relativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Relativity?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40051" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Theory_Of_Relativity">Special Theory Of Relativity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40051" type="text/json">{"id":40051,"name":"Special Theory Of Relativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Theory_Of_Relativity?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="90682" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lorentzian_Geometry">Lorentzian Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="90682" type="text/json">{"id":90682,"name":"Lorentzian Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lorentzian_Geometry?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8337205]'), work: {"id":8337205,"title":"Problem in the relativistic energy and momentum conservation","created_at":"2014-09-15T08:58:21.312-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8337205/Problem_in_the_relativistic_energy_and_momentum_conservation?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_8337205","summary":"Lorentz transformations and special theory of relativity have existed for more than a century and mathematics related to them has been used and applied for innumerous times. Relativistic energy and relativistic momentum equations have been derived and proven to be conserved if energy/momentum transaction is seen from different frames of reference. The set of permissible inertial reference frame velocities from where the energy and momentum of a closed system of particles may be observed to be conserved forms a ball in the velocity vector space. In this paper we use the existing equations of special theory of relativity and Lorentz transformations and the mathematical structure of the observation velocity space to prove that the conservation of kinetic energy implies the conservation of momentum. We also prove that the conservation of momentum implies the conservation of kinetic energy. The derivation of the conservation of kinetic energy from the conservation of momentum implies that either potential energy has a momentum thus made of inertial particles or there cannot be a net conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. This is an important result for classical mechanics because it implies that all fields, which lead to particle interaction must carry momentum in them even in the case of classical mechanics. We further discuss the case of attractive field leading to increase in momentum. In this paper we also show that a similar derivation for conservation of Galilean/Newtonian energy leads to conservation of momentum but applying the derivation on conservation of momentum just leads to conservation of mass.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35486520,"asset_id":8337205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6514033,"first_name":"Shalender","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"shalender","display_name":"Shalender Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/shalender?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6514033/2620280/44844406/s65_shalender.singh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":3504,"name":"General Relativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Relativity?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":40051,"name":"Special Theory Of Relativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Theory_Of_Relativity?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":90682,"name":"Lorentzian Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lorentzian_Geometry?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":319555,"name":"Momentum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Momentum?f_ri=512"},{"id":704980,"name":"Energy-Momentum Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy-Momentum_Conservation?f_ri=512"},{"id":1353235,"name":"Conservation of Energy Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Energy_Theory?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77822289" data-work_id="77822289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77822289/CFD_Investigation_of_Falling_Film_Flow_over_Horizontal_Tube">CFD Investigation of Falling Film Flow over Horizontal Tube</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The heat exchangers employed in multi-effect desalination (MED) and ammonia/lithium bromide refrigeration systems are usually of falling film types. In horizontal falling film exchangers, liquid is sprayed on the top of bundle, which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77822289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The heat exchangers employed in multi-effect desalination (MED) and ammonia/lithium bromide refrigeration systems are usually of falling film types. In horizontal falling film exchangers, liquid is sprayed on the top of bundle, which forms thin film around the tube that makes these exchangers to operate at low temperature difference and spray density. The film hydrodynamics around the tube affects the heat and mass transfer mechanisms, which causes heat exchanger performance to change. In this work, a 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed in Ansys fluent v18.0, to understand falling film dynamics around the tube of 25.4 mm diameter. The physical domain consists of two tubes with an impingement height of 15.9 mm and inter-tube spacing of 31.8 mm. For water entrance, 2 mm orifice is selected at the top of first tube. The spray density is varied from 0.02-0.05 kg/(m•s) to examine film thickness and residence time for first and second tube. The CFD results shows that the film thickness increases with the increasing spray density, the average film thickness rises by 56% and time for complete wetting decreases by 48.6% ,when the spray density increases from 0.02 to 0.05 kg/(m•s). In addition, the average film thickness reduces by around 13.7% for second tube as compared to that of first tube because of impingement height difference.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77822289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6eb4d78e8dd2cd2e006c186f4f06d2e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85081659,"asset_id":77822289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85081659/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186022686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdelnasserMabrouk">Abdelnasser Mabrouk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186022686" type="text/json">{"id":186022686,"first_name":"Abdelnasser","last_name":"Mabrouk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdelnasserMabrouk","display_name":"Abdelnasser Mabrouk","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdelnasserMabrouk?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77822289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77822289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77822289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77822289", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77822289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77822289; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77822289"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77822289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77822289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77822289; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77822289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77822289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77822289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77822289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53158" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desalination">Desalination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53158" type="text/json">{"id":53158,"name":"Desalination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desalination?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="875473" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Thickness">Film Thickness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="875473" type="text/json">{"id":875473,"name":"Film Thickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Thickness?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1006024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluids_Dynamics_CFD_">Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1006024" type="text/json">{"id":1006024,"name":"Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluids_Dynamics_CFD_?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77822289]'), work: {"id":77822289,"title":"CFD Investigation of Falling Film Flow over Horizontal Tube","created_at":"2022-04-27T16:55:28.985-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77822289/CFD_Investigation_of_Falling_Film_Flow_over_Horizontal_Tube?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_77822289","summary":"The heat exchangers employed in multi-effect desalination (MED) and ammonia/lithium bromide refrigeration systems are usually of falling film types. In horizontal falling film exchangers, liquid is sprayed on the top of bundle, which forms thin film around the tube that makes these exchangers to operate at low temperature difference and spray density. The film hydrodynamics around the tube affects the heat and mass transfer mechanisms, which causes heat exchanger performance to change. In this work, a 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed in Ansys fluent v18.0, to understand falling film dynamics around the tube of 25.4 mm diameter. The physical domain consists of two tubes with an impingement height of 15.9 mm and inter-tube spacing of 31.8 mm. For water entrance, 2 mm orifice is selected at the top of first tube. The spray density is varied from 0.02-0.05 kg/(m•s) to examine film thickness and residence time for first and second tube. The CFD results shows that the film thickness increases with the increasing spray density, the average film thickness rises by 56% and time for complete wetting decreases by 48.6% ,when the spray density increases from 0.02 to 0.05 kg/(m•s). In addition, the average film thickness reduces by around 13.7% for second tube as compared to that of first tube because of impingement height difference.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85081659,"asset_id":77822289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186022686,"first_name":"Abdelnasser","last_name":"Mabrouk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdelnasserMabrouk","display_name":"Abdelnasser Mabrouk","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdelnasserMabrouk?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":53158,"name":"Desalination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desalination?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":875473,"name":"Film Thickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Thickness?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":1006024,"name":"Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluids_Dynamics_CFD_?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":1200856,"name":"Falling Film Evaporators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Falling_Film_Evaporators?f_ri=512"},{"id":1204060,"name":"Multi-Effect Destillation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multi-Effect_Destillation?f_ri=512"},{"id":2395608,"name":"Multiple Effect Evaporator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Effect_Evaporator?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55907369" data-work_id="55907369" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55907369/Aerodynamics_of_speed_skiers">Aerodynamics of speed skiers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aerodynamic loads contribute more than 80% of the total drag on speed skiers when passing through timing gates at the end of the straight downhill course. Measurements of aerodynamic drag on a variety of competitive speed skiers obtained... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55907369" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aerodynamic loads contribute more than 80% of the total drag on speed skiers when passing through timing gates at the end of the straight downhill course. Measurements of aerodynamic drag on a variety of competitive speed skiers obtained in a subsonic windtunnel, are presented here to quantify the in¯uence of position, helmet, leg fairings, poles and ski-suit features when skiers are in competitive speed skiing tuck positions. Results show that drag is reduced signi®cantly by reductions in either the frontal area or the size of recirculation regions around the body, particularly those in the downstream wake of the legs and buttocks. Equipment designed to improve stability is also shown to facilitate a decrease in the integral of drag over a competitive run because the optimal tuck can be more easily identi®ed and maintained.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55907369" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f75f00b08fcf9b9cd4afe82a89c84f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71554330,"asset_id":55907369,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71554330/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11422354" href="https://umaine.academia.edu/WilhelmFriess">Wilhelm Friess</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11422354" type="text/json">{"id":11422354,"first_name":"Wilhelm","last_name":"Friess","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"WilhelmFriess","display_name":"Wilhelm Friess","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/WilhelmFriess?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55907369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55907369"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55907369, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55907369", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55907369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55907369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55907369"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55907369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55907369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55907369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55907369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55907369").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55907369").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55907369"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201957" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceleration">Acceleration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="201957" type="text/json">{"id":201957,"name":"Acceleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceleration?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="294384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parametric">Parametric</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="294384" type="text/json">{"id":294384,"name":"Parametric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parametric?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55907369]'), work: {"id":55907369,"title":"Aerodynamics of speed skiers","created_at":"2021-10-06T04:07:22.794-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55907369/Aerodynamics_of_speed_skiers?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_55907369","summary":"Aerodynamic loads contribute more than 80% of the total drag on speed skiers when passing through timing gates at the end of the straight downhill course. Measurements of aerodynamic drag on a variety of competitive speed skiers obtained in a subsonic windtunnel, are presented here to quantify the in¯uence of position, helmet, leg fairings, poles and ski-suit features when skiers are in competitive speed skiing tuck positions. Results show that drag is reduced signi®cantly by reductions in either the frontal area or the size of recirculation regions around the body, particularly those in the downstream wake of the legs and buttocks. Equipment designed to improve stability is also shown to facilitate a decrease in the integral of drag over a competitive run because the optimal tuck can be more easily identi®ed and maintained.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71554330,"asset_id":55907369,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11422354,"first_name":"Wilhelm","last_name":"Friess","domain_name":"umaine","page_name":"WilhelmFriess","display_name":"Wilhelm Friess","profile_url":"https://umaine.academia.edu/WilhelmFriess?f_ri=512","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":201957,"name":"Acceleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceleration?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":294384,"name":"Parametric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parametric?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":576989,"name":"Swing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swing?f_ri=512"},{"id":854993,"name":"Sports Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Engineering?f_ri=512"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28997010" data-work_id="28997010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28997010/PROOFS_OF_PERPETUAL_MOTION">PROOFS OF PERPETUAL MOTION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Essentially a collection of arguments with some extra materials as bookends.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28997010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a02fb1966849d0ccdcb0974fa966762" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49819868,"asset_id":28997010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49819868/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5746293" href="https://southernct.academia.edu/NathanCoppedge">Nathan Coppedge</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5746293" type="text/json">{"id":5746293,"first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Coppedge","domain_name":"southernct","page_name":"NathanCoppedge","display_name":"Nathan Coppedge","profile_url":"https://southernct.academia.edu/NathanCoppedge?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5746293/2482759/76140274/s65_nathan.coppedge.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28997010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28997010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28997010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28997010", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28997010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28997010; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28997010"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28997010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28997010"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28997010; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28997010]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28997010").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28997010").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28997010"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="503" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Physics">Theoretical Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="503" type="text/json">{"id":503,"name":"Theoretical Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28997010]'), work: {"id":28997010,"title":"PROOFS OF PERPETUAL 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Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":1079,"name":"Engineering Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Mechanics?f_ri=512"},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=512"},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=512"},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=512"},{"id":14024,"name":"High Energy Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Energy_Physics?f_ri=512"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=512"},{"id":18186,"name":"Renewable energy 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laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newtons_laws?f_ri=512"},{"id":1358236,"name":"Energy Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Sources?f_ri=512"},{"id":2001339,"name":"Electrical Generators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Generators?f_ri=512"},{"id":2459261,"name":"Successful Over-Unity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Successful_Over-Unity?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54869053" data-work_id="54869053" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54869053/Physical_and_thermal_properties_of_blood_storage_bags_implications_for_shipping_frozen_components_on_dry_ice">Physical and thermal properties of blood storage bags: implications for shipping frozen components on dry ice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: Frozen blood components are shipped on dry ice. The lower temperature (-70°C in contrast to usual storage at-30°C) and shipping conditions may cause a rent in the storage bag, breaking sterility and rendering the unit useless.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54869053" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND: Frozen blood components are shipped on dry ice. The lower temperature (-70°C in contrast to usual storage at-30°C) and shipping conditions may cause a rent in the storage bag, breaking sterility and rendering the unit useless. The rate of loss can reach 50 to 80 percent. To identify those bags with lower probability of breaking during shipment, the thermal and physical properties of blood storage bags were examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood storage bags were obtained from several manufacturers and were of the following compositions: PVC with citrate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), or tri-2-ethylhexyl-tri-mellitate (TEHTM) plasticizer; polyolefin (PO); poly(ethylene-covinyl acetate) (EVA); or fluorinated polyethylene propylene (FEP). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of each storage bag was determined. Bag thickness and measures of material strength (tensile modulus [M T ] and time to achieve 0.5 percent strain [T 0.5% ]) were evaluated. M T and T 0.5% measurements were made at 25 and-70°C. Response to applied force at-70°C was measured using an impact testing device and a drop test. RESULTS: The Tg of the bags fell into two groups: 70 to 105°C (PO, FEP) and-50 to-17°C (PVC with plasticizer, EVA). Bag thickness ranged from 0.14 to 0.41 mm. Compared to other materials, the ratios of M T and T 0.5% for PVC bags were increased (p Յ 0.001) indicating that structural changes for PVC were more pronounced upon cooling from 25 to −70°C. Bags containing EVA were more shock resistant, resulting in the lowest rate of breakage (10% breakage) when compared with PO (60% breakage, p = 0.0573) or PVC (100% breakage, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Blood storage bags made of EVA appear better suited for shipping frozen blood components on dry ice and are cost-effective replacements for PVC bags. For the identification of blood storage bags meeting specific storage requirements, physical and thermal analyses of blood storage bags may be useful and remove empiricism from the process. ABBREVIATIONS: DEHP = di-2-ethylhexylphthalate; EVA = poly(ethylene-covinyl acetate); FEP = fluorinated ethylene propylene; FRBC(s) = frozen RBC(s); PBPC(s) = peripheral blood progenitor cell(s); PO = polyolefin; TEHTM = tri-2-ethylhexyltri-mellitate; Tg = glass transition temperature.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54869053" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b1fc69e80ec978467d716b04ab4675af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71021679,"asset_id":54869053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71021679/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1750439" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasReidIII">Thomas Reid III</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1750439" type="text/json">{"id":1750439,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Reid III","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasReidIII","display_name":"Thomas Reid III","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasReidIII?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1750439/600645/746027/s65_thomas.reid_iii.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54869053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54869053"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54869053, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54869053", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54869053]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54869053").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54869053").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54869053"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics">Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="512" type="text/json">{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19295" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation">Cryopreservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19295" type="text/json">{"id":19295,"name":"Cryopreservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization">Optimization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43981" type="text/json">{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=512","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54869053]'), work: {"id":54869053,"title":"Physical and thermal properties of blood storage bags: implications for shipping frozen components on dry ice","created_at":"2021-10-02T09:22:04.996-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54869053/Physical_and_thermal_properties_of_blood_storage_bags_implications_for_shipping_frozen_components_on_dry_ice?f_ri=512","dom_id":"work_54869053","summary":"BACKGROUND: Frozen blood components are shipped on dry ice. The lower temperature (-70°C in contrast to usual storage at-30°C) and shipping conditions may cause a rent in the storage bag, breaking sterility and rendering the unit useless. The rate of loss can reach 50 to 80 percent. To identify those bags with lower probability of breaking during shipment, the thermal and physical properties of blood storage bags were examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood storage bags were obtained from several manufacturers and were of the following compositions: PVC with citrate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), or tri-2-ethylhexyl-tri-mellitate (TEHTM) plasticizer; polyolefin (PO); poly(ethylene-covinyl acetate) (EVA); or fluorinated polyethylene propylene (FEP). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of each storage bag was determined. Bag thickness and measures of material strength (tensile modulus [M T ] and time to achieve 0.5 percent strain [T 0.5% ]) were evaluated. M T and T 0.5% measurements were made at 25 and-70°C. Response to applied force at-70°C was measured using an impact testing device and a drop test. RESULTS: The Tg of the bags fell into two groups: 70 to 105°C (PO, FEP) and-50 to-17°C (PVC with plasticizer, EVA). Bag thickness ranged from 0.14 to 0.41 mm. Compared to other materials, the ratios of M T and T 0.5% for PVC bags were increased (p Յ 0.001) indicating that structural changes for PVC were more pronounced upon cooling from 25 to −70°C. Bags containing EVA were more shock resistant, resulting in the lowest rate of breakage (10% breakage) when compared with PO (60% breakage, p = 0.0573) or PVC (100% breakage, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Blood storage bags made of EVA appear better suited for shipping frozen blood components on dry ice and are cost-effective replacements for PVC bags. For the identification of blood storage bags meeting specific storage requirements, physical and thermal analyses of blood storage bags may be useful and remove empiricism from the process. ABBREVIATIONS: DEHP = di-2-ethylhexylphthalate; EVA = poly(ethylene-covinyl acetate); FEP = fluorinated ethylene propylene; FRBC(s) = frozen RBC(s); PBPC(s) = peripheral blood progenitor cell(s); PO = polyolefin; TEHTM = tri-2-ethylhexyltri-mellitate; Tg = glass transition temperature.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71021679,"asset_id":54869053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1750439,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Reid III","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasReidIII","display_name":"Thomas Reid III","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasReidIII?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1750439/600645/746027/s65_thomas.reid_iii.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":19295,"name":"Cryopreservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=512"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=512"},{"id":313857,"name":"Risk Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factor?f_ri=512"},{"id":341079,"name":"Storage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storage?f_ri=512"},{"id":450353,"name":"Container","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Container?f_ri=512"},{"id":854553,"name":"Thermal Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Properties?f_ri=512"},{"id":892969,"name":"Materials Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Testing?f_ri=512"},{"id":973999,"name":"Tensile Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tensile_Strength?f_ri=512"},{"id":1228946,"name":"Physical Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Properties?f_ri=512"},{"id":1307860,"name":"Transfusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfusion?f_ri=512"},{"id":1778016,"name":"Product Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_Packaging?f_ri=512"},{"id":2141995,"name":"Break","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Break?f_ri=512"},{"id":2474611,"name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costs_and_Cost_Analysis?f_ri=512"},{"id":3777376,"name":"Dry Ice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dry_Ice?f_ri=512"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=512"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36102528" data-work_id="36102528" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36102528/Newtonian_mechanics_and_the_catenary">Newtonian mechanics and the catenary</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An approach to the catenary along the lines found in [1] which we frequently discuss in lectures on intermediate level Newtonian mechanics is presented. Some aspects of the calculation in particular the detailed solution of the basic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36102528" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An approach to the catenary along the lines found in [1] which we frequently discuss in lectures on intermediate level Newtonian mechanics is presented. Some aspects of the calculation in particular the detailed solution of the basic equations and the connection between the parabolic approximation to the catenary and the static limit of the the wave equation are also discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36102528" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51ef2d7efa76c7d878c59825cc6d7d25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55993612,"asset_id":36102528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55993612/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9168143" href="https://ufrj.academia.edu/AlexandreCTort">Alexandre C. 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Some aspects of the calculation in particular the detailed solution of the basic equations and the connection between the parabolic approximation to the catenary and the static limit of the the wave equation are also discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55993612,"asset_id":36102528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9168143,"first_name":"Alexandre C.","last_name":"Tort","domain_name":"ufrj","page_name":"AlexandreCTort","display_name":"Alexandre C. 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This short survey starts with the Rankine vortex and culminates in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79365860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: In this article, we review some of the theoretical solutions used to describe swirl dominated flows in both unidirectional and bidirectional flow orientations. This short survey starts with the Rankine vortex and culminates in the presentation of a compressible solution of the bidirectional vortex. After classifying representative swirl motions as external or internal depending on physical boundary conditions, their commonalities are identified along with their relevance to either geophysical or industrial applications. We also identify ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79365860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e88836f7f17a63b582305dcfc2ddb014" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86105512,"asset_id":79365860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86105512/download_file?st=MTczMzkwNjU0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="477924" href="https://auburn.academia.edu/JosephMajdalani">Joseph Majdalani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="477924" type="text/json">{"id":477924,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Majdalani","domain_name":"auburn","page_name":"JosephMajdalani","display_name":"Joseph Majdalani","profile_url":"https://auburn.academia.edu/JosephMajdalani?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/477924/250646/296244/s65_joseph.majdalani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79365860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79365860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79365860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79365860", }); 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This short survey starts with the Rankine vortex and culminates in the presentation of a compressible solution of the bidirectional vortex. After classifying representative swirl motions as external or internal depending on physical boundary conditions, their commonalities are identified along with their relevance to either geophysical or industrial applications. We also identify ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86105512,"asset_id":79365860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":477924,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Majdalani","domain_name":"auburn","page_name":"JosephMajdalani","display_name":"Joseph Majdalani","profile_url":"https://auburn.academia.edu/JosephMajdalani?f_ri=512","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/477924/250646/296244/s65_joseph.majdalani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":512,"name":"Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":16496,"name":"Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":109384,"name":"Viscosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viscosity?f_ri=512","nofollow":false},{"id":161318,"name":"Mathematical 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