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class="branding-box"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ko.svg" alt="위키백과" width="120" height="28" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.75em;"> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="특수:검색"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="위키백과 검색" aria-label="위키백과 검색" autocapitalize="sentences" title="위키백과 검색 [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> 검색 </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="사용자 둘러보기"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice">  </div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">한국어</h1> <div class="tagline"> 한국의 언어 </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="언어" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> 언어 </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="dablink hatnote"> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></a> 이 문서는 언어에 관한 것입니다. 문자에 대해서는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한글">한글</a> 문서를 참고하십시오. </div> 한국어(韓國語), 조선말(朝鮮말)는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>과 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>의 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="공용어">공용어</a>이다. 둘은 표기나 문법, 동사 어미나 표현에서 약간의 차이가 있다. <table class="infobox"> <caption style="border-top: 0.35em solid white; border-bottom: 0.35em solid white; margin: 0.25em 0em 0.5em 0em;"> 한국어 (<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="국제 음성 기호">IPA</a>: [ha(ː)n.ɡu.ɡʌ], [ɦa(ː)n.ɡu.ɡʌ]) </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Hangugeo-Chosono.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Hangugeo-Chosono.svg/200px-Hangugeo-Chosono.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Hangugeo-Chosono.svg/300px-Hangugeo-Chosono.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Hangugeo-Chosono.svg/400px-Hangugeo-Chosono.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="371"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">사용 국가 </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">사용 지역 </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국">한국</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">사용 민족 </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한민족">한민족</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">언어 인구 </th> <td>약 8,100만 명<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ethnologue-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">어순 </th> <td>주어-목적어-서술어 (SOV) 형용사-명사 후치사 사용</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">문자 </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한글">한글</a> · <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한국 한자">한자</a> · <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%EC%A0%90%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한글 점자">한글 점자</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="어족">언어 계통</a> </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어족">한국어족</a> 또는 고립어  한국어</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">초기형태 </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%A1%B0%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국조어">한국조어</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="고대 한국어">고대 한국어</a> (<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B5%AC%EB%A0%A4%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="고구려어">고구려어</a>·<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="백제어">백제어</a>·<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="신라어">신라어</a>) <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B8_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중세 한국어">중세 한국어</a> (<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4%EC%96%B4_(%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%96%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="고려어 (고대어)">고려어</a>·<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="조선어">조선어</a>) <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EB%8C%80_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="근대 한국어">근대 한국어</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:white; color:black;">공용어 및 표준</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">공용어로 쓰는 나라 </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국">대한민국</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%98%8C%EB%B3%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="옌볜 조선족 자치주">옌볜 조선족 자치주</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">표준 </th> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국"><img alt="대한민국" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9B%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="국립국어원">국립국어원</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국"><img alt="조선민주주의인민공화국" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800"></a> 사회과학원 언어학연구소 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중화인민공화국"><img alt="중화인민공화국" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> 중국조선어규범위원회</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:white; color:black;">언어 부호</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a> </th> <td><code>ko</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> </th> <td><code>kor</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th> <td><code><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kor" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kor">kor</a></code> – 포괄 부호: 한국어 개별 부호: <code><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kor" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kor">kor</a></code> – 현대 한국어 <code><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/jje" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:jje">jje</a></code> – 제주어 <code><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/okm" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:okm">okm</a></code> – 중세 한국어 <code><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/oko" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:oko">oko</a></code> – 고대 한국어 <code><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/oko" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:oko">oko</a></code> – 한국조어</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Idioma_coreano.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="한국어를 주로 사용하는 지역"><img alt="한국어를 주로 사용하는 지역" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Idioma_coreano.png/290px-Idioma_coreano.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Idioma_coreano.png 1.5x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="438"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">한국어를 주로 사용하는 지역</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Map_of_Korean_language.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/280px-Map_of_Korean_language.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/420px-Map_of_Korean_language.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/560px-Map_of_Korean_language.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Map_of_Korean_language.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/300px-Map_of_Korean_language.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/450px-Map_of_Korean_language.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Korean_language.png/600px-Map_of_Korean_language.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625"></a> <figcaption> 한국어의 세계 분포를 나타낸 그림 </figcaption> </figure> 세계 여러 지역에 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한민족">한민족</a> 인구가 이주하여 거주하자 전세계 각지에서 한국어를 사용한다. 2016년 1월 초 기준으로 한국어 사용 인구는 약 8,000만 명으로 추산한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ethnologue-1">[1]</a> 역사 및 현대 언어학자들은 한국어를 고립어로 분류한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-google15-2">[2]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> 그러나 한국어와 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="제주어">제주어</a>(제주도에서 사용하며 구별한다고 간주함)와 함께 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어족">한국어족</a>을 구성하던 몇 개의 사라진 언어(사어)가 한 때 존재했었다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> 일부 언어학자들이 한국어를 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="알타이 제어">알타이 제어</a>에 포함하였지만, 오늘날 알타이 제어설을 더 이상 지지하지 않는다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoWhitman202011%E2%80%9312-10">[10]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ko" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">목차</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EB%AA%85%EC%B9%AD">1 한국어의 여러 명칭</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5">2 계통</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1%EC%84%A4">2.1 알타이어족설</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%BD%EC%96%B4_%EB%98%90%EB%8A%94_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1_%EC%84%A4">2.2 고립어 또는 한국어족 설</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%99%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84">2.3 한국어와 일본어의 관계</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EB%B9%84%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B8%B5%EC%84%A4">2.4 비알타이어 기층설</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%9D%8C%EC%9A%B4">3 음운</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C">3.1 모음</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%8C">3.2 자음</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%ED%98%95%ED%83%9C_%EC%9D%8C%EC%86%8C%EB%A1%A0">3.3 형태 음소론</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95">4 문법</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%96%B4%ED%9C%98">5 어휘</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90">6 문자</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8">7 방언</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%81_%EA%B0%84_%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4">7.1 한국어의 남북 간 차이</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%A1%9C%EC%84%9C">8 외국어로서</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EA%B2%80%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98">8.1 한국어 검정시험</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD">8.1.1 대한민국</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98">8.1.2 일본에서 한국어 시험</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4">9 인터넷에서의 한국어</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80">10 한국어 사용 국가</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9_%EB%B9%88%EB%8F%84%EA%B0%80_%EB%86%92%EC%9D%80_%EB%82%B1%EB%A7%90">11 사용 빈도가 높은 낱말</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EA%B0%99%EC%9D%B4_%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0">12 같이 보기</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EA%B0%81%EC%A3%BC">13 각주</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%EC%99%B8%EB%B6%80_%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC">14 외부 링크</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="한국어의_여러_명칭">한국어의 여러 명칭</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 한국어의 여러 명칭" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%B8%EC%B9%AD_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 호칭 문제">한국어의 호칭 문제</a> 문서를 참고하십시오. </div> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>에서 한국어/한국말이라고 불리고, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>에서는 조선어/조선말이라고 한다. 대한민국과 조선민주주의인민공화국이 공동으로 만드는 사전 이름은 《<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%90%ED%81%B0%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%81%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%ED%8E%B8%EC%B0%AC%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85%ED%9A%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="겨레말큰사전남북공동편찬사업회">겨레말 큰사전</a>》이다. 1994년부터 여는 남북한 한글과 한국어 컴퓨터 처리를 표준화하려는 학회명은 '코리안 컴퓨터처리 국제학술대회'이다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본">일본</a>에서 한국어를 '쵸센고(조선어)'라고 불렀으나, 근래에 대한민국 국적 사람들이 쓰는 말을 '칸코쿠고'(한국어)라고 부른다. 일본 내 교포 사회는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EB%8B%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="재일본대한민국민단">재일본대한민국민단</a>과 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%B8%EC%B4%9D%EB%A0%A8%ED%95%A9%ED%9A%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="재일본조선인총련합회">재일본조선인총련합회</a>로 갈라져 각각 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="표준어">표준어</a>와 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="문화어">문화어</a>를 지지하는 경향이있으므로, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NHK?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NHK">NHK</a>는 중립성을 지키고자 한국어 회화 명칭을 '칸코쿠고(한국어)', '쵸센고(조선어)' 대신 '한구루 코우자'(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본어">일본어</a>: ハングル講座, 한글 강좌)<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a>라고 하였다. 그 밖에도 중립성을 고려하여 '칸코쿠ㆍ조센고(韓国・朝鮮語, 한국ㆍ조선어)', '코리아고'(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본어">일본어</a>: コリア語, 코리아어)나 '카라노쿠니노코토바'(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본어">일본어</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23074494">.mw-parser-output ruby>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby>rtc{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1}.mw-parser-output ruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rtc{font-size:.3em}</style><ruby> <rb> 韓 </rb><rp> (</rp><rt>から</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23074494"><ruby> <rb> 国 </rb><rp> (</rp><rt>くに</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>のことば, "한"의 나라말) 등 명칭이 있지만 자주 사용하지 않는다. 다만 '코리아고(코리아어)'는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1977%EB%85%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1977년">1977년</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%B9%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조치 대학">조치 대학</a>이 처음으로 전공 학과를 개설한 이후 일부 대학교에서 쓴다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>은 과거에 조선민주주의인민공화국에서 쓰는 말로서 한국어를 조선어로 불렀으나, 현재는 대한민국에서 쓰는 말은 한국어로 부른다. 이전 중화인민공화국은 조선민주주의인민공화국과의 밀접한 관계였으므로 한국어를 주로 '챠오셴위(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중국어">중국어</a>: 朝鲜语, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한어 병음">병음</a>: Cháoxiǎnyǔ, 조선어)'라고 불렀다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992%EB%85%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992년">1992년</a> 대한민국과 수교 이후에 양국이 활발하게 교류하면서 사회 각층 민간 생활 중에서 '한궈위(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중국어">중국어</a>: 韩国语, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한어 병음">병음</a>: Hánguóyǔ, 한국어)' 또는 '한위(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중국어">중국어</a>: 韩语, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한어 병음">병음</a>: Hányǔ, 한어)' 등의 명칭으로 쓰인다. 학술 상으로 문화어 계열 어휘를 많이 사용하지만, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%95_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="베이징 대학">베이징 대학</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%95_%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="베이징 외국어대학">베이징 외국어대학</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4_%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="상하이 외국어대학">상하이 외국어대학</a> 등을 비롯한 중국 대부분 한국어 학과는 학과 명칭을 조선민주주의인민공화국에서 쓰는 말의 뜻 조선어로 하고 강의 내용은 99.9%<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36482206">.mw-parser-output .fix{background-color:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;border:1px solid #ffdcdc}</style>[<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%ED%95%84%EC%9A%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="위키백과:출처 필요">출처 필요</a>] 이상 대한민국 서울 표준 한국어를 가르친다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%99%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="타이완">타이완</a>은 한국어를 '한궈위(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중국어">중국어</a>: 韓國語, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한어 병음">병음</a>: Hánguóyǔ)'나 '한위(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중국어">중국어</a>: 韓語, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한어 병음">병음</a>: Hányǔ)'로 부른다. 베트남에서 용법은 대한민국 표준어는 '띠엥한'(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="베트남어">베트남어</a>: Tiếng Hàn, 㗂韓)이라고 부른다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8%EC%96%B4_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="베트남어 위키백과">베트남어 위키백과</a>에는 한국어 문서 제목이 '한국어'를 뜻하는 '띠엥한꾸억'(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="베트남어">베트남어</a>: Tiếng Hàn Quốc, 㗂韓國, 한국어)으로 표기한다. 한편, 한국어는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="영어">영어</a>로 'Korean', <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>로 'Coréen', <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="스페인어">스페인어</a>로는 'Coreano'로 칭한다. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="계통">계통</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 계통" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  이 부분의 본문은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 계통">한국어의 계통</a>입니다. </div> 한국어는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="제주어">제주어</a>와 함께 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어족">한국어족</a>에 속한다. 일부 언어학자들이 한국어를 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="알타이 제어">알타이 제어</a>에 포함하였지만 오늘날 알타이 제어설은 사실상 학술적인 의미가 없다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoWhitman202011%E2%80%9312-10">[10]</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%80%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="거란어">거란어</a>에는 다른 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="몽골어족">몽골어족</a>이나 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%89%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="퉁구스어족">퉁구스어족</a>에서 찾지 못하는 한국어와 유사한 어휘 항목이 여럿 있다. 거란어에서 한국 영향력을 발견한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> 한국어가 일본어와 관련이 있다는 가설은 사무엘 E. 마르틴<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a>과 로이 앤드류 밀러<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a>와 같은 연구자들이 자세히 설명한 어휘와 유사한 문법적 특징 일부가 중복된다는 이유로 일부 지지자들이 있다. 세르게이 스타로스틴 (1991)은 일본어-한국어 100단어 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%EB%8D%B0%EC%8B%9C_%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="스와데시 리스트">스와데시 리스트</a>에서 약 25%의 잠재적 동족어를 발견했다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> 알렉산더 보빈을 포함하여 일본어와 한국어 사이 문제를 우려하는 일부 언어학자들은 발표한 유사성이 어떤 유전적 관계가 아니라, 특히 고대 한국어에서 고대 일본어가 단어를 많이 차용을 한 탓이라고 주장한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVovin2008211%E2%80%93212-16">[16]</a> 허드슨 앤 롭비츠(Hudson & Robbeets, 2020)는 한국어에 니브흐어 이전의 기질의 흔적이 존재한다고 주장했다. 가설에 따르면, 한국어 화자가 등장하기 전에 한반도에 니브흐어(아무르어라고도 함)의 조상 언어가 한때 분포했었다. 한국어의 유래와 함께 그 발달 과정도 아직 모른다. 중세 한국어 이전 기록이 극도로 부족하고, 고대 한국어 기록을 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한자">한자</a>로 써서 그 해석에 따라 음이 크게 달라지는 등으로 연구가 더욱 어렵다. 고대 한반도 언어 연구에서 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%AA%85%ED%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="지명학">지명학</a>적 흔적은 크게 의미가 있다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vovin2013-17">[17]</a> 한국어가 만주 등 북방 지역에서 유래하였다는 학설은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%89%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="퉁구스어족">퉁구스어족</a>에서 고대 한국어 흔적이 나타나고 역으로 한국어 음운에서도 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="고시베리아제어">고시베리아제어</a>와 접촉 흔적이 개연적으로 나타나므로 설득력이 있다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vovin2013-17">[17]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> 한편 하위 계통으로서 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%B8_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="이기문 (언어학자)">이기문</a> 등이 정립한 한-부여 분류가 국내외 학계에서 일반적으로 받아들인다. 한-부여 분류는 고대 한반도 지역에서 사용한 언어의 분류로, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B5%AC%EB%A0%A4%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="고구려어">고구려어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="백제어">백제어</a>를 포함하는 부여계 제어와 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="신라어">신라어</a>를 포함하는 한계 제어를 아우른다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> 다만 학자에 따라 그 차이가 방언 수준이라고 추측하기도 하며, 방언 주순이었다면 앞의 분류는 편의상 구분일 뿐이다. 한편 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%8D%BC_%EB%B2%A1%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="크리스토퍼 벡위스">크리스토퍼 벡위스</a>는 부여계 언어가 신라어와 완전히 달랐으며 일본어와 연관있다는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%97%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부여어족">부여어족</a> 가설을 주장하였으나 여러 오류가 있어 더 이상 중요한 주장이 아니다. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="알타이어족설">알타이어족설</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 알타이어족설" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="알타이 제어">알타이 제어</a> 문서를 참고하십시오. </div> 알타이어족설은 한국어가 알타이어족에 속하는 언어들과 문법적 특징을 공유하므로 같은 어족으로 분류하는 학설이다. 알타이어족이란 19세기부터 연구했다. 이 알타이어족설을 지지하는 학자는 언어학 대가인 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%ED%94%84_%EC%9A%98_%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="구스타프 욘 람스테트">구스타프 욘 람스테트</a>(Gustaf John Ramstedt, 1873~1950)와 예프게니 폴리바노프 그리고 현대 언어학자인 로이 앤드류 밀러가 있다. 근대에 핀란드 언어학자 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%ED%94%84_%EC%9A%98_%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="구스타프 욘 람스테트">구스타프 욘 람스테트</a>(Gustaf John Ramstedt)가 대어족 가설인 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="알타이어족">알타이어족</a>설을 제시할 때 한국어를 포함하면서 예프게니 폴리바노프, 로이 앤드류 밀러 등 20세기 중반 많은 언어학자들이 이 가설을 지지했다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%EA%B4%80%EA%B2%AC-20">[20]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> 람스테트는 논문 〈한국어에 대한 관견〉(1928)에서 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%9E%84%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="우랄알타이어족">우랄알타이어족</a>을 폐기하지 않고, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="알타이어족">알타이어족</a>을 분리했으며<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a>, 한국어는 동아시아 여러 언어 가운데 일찍이 분기한 언어라고 주장하였다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%EA%B4%80%EA%B2%AC-20">[20]</a> 이후 그는 《한국어의 문법》(1939)에서 음운 대응에 주목하여 한국어가 알타이어족에 속하는 언어임을 더욱 강하게 주장하였다. 그는 《한국어 어원연구》(1949), 《알타이어학 개설》(1952/57/66)에서도 한국어와 알타이어족의 동계를 입증할 만한 자료를 제시하였다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> 람스테트 이후, 러시아 언어학자 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%AC%ED%8E%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="니콜라스 포페">니콜라스 포페</a>는 한국어와 알타이제어가 공유하는 특성을 여러 가지 밝혀냈으나, 그러면서도 《알타이 언어학으로의 초대》(1965)에서 “한국어의 위치는 그다지 확실하지 않다”라며 아래 세 가지 가능성을 제시하였다. <ol> <li>한국어가 알타이제어와 친근 관계라는 가능성</li> <li>원시 한국어는 알타이제어 통일체가 이뤄지기 전, 매우 이른 시기에 분열했을 가능성</li> <li>한국어는 비알타이어로 고대 알타이어를 기층언어로 흡수하였거나, 기층언어인 알타이어 위에 덮혔을 가능성</li> </ol> 언어계통 중요성에서 문법적인 요소를 가장 많이 강조한다. 한국어와 알타이어족 고대언어 유사성에 20세기 언어학자들이 수많은 연구를 진행했다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> 대한민국의 정규 교육과정에서 한국어가 알타이어족이라고 가르쳐서<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-histsb-26">[26]</a> 많은 사람들이 한국어가 알타이어족에 속한다고 믿는다. 대한민국 언어학자 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="이기문">이기문</a>은 한국어가 알타이어족과 공유하는 성질이 많으나, 알타이어족에 속하는 퉁구스 어군, 몽골 어군, 투르크 어군들이 서로 같은 단어가 많지만, 한국어에는 많은 차용어로 알타이어족 단어가 사라졌다고 주장하였다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="고립어_또는_한국어족_설">고립어 또는 한국어족 설</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 고립어 또는 한국어족 설" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> 다른 학자들은 한국어족을 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%BD%EC%96%B4_(%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="고립어 (비교언어학)">고립어</a>(language isolate)로 분류한다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="영국">영국</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%A7%A8%EC%B2%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="맨체스터 대학교">맨체스터 대학교</a>의 알렉스 버라타 교수<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alex12-28">[28]</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="케임브리지 대학교">케임브리지 대학교</a>의 스테판 게오르크<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cambridge99-29">[29]</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%83%80_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="유타 대학교">유타 대학교</a>의 마우리시오 믹스코 교수<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Glossary-30">[30]</a>가 고립어설을 지지했다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cambridge99-29">[29]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-KNK92-31">[31]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Glossary-30">[30]</a> 한국어를 고립어 또는 한국어족으로 분류하는 언어학자들은 알타이어족과 한국어의 공통 어휘가 적거나 재구하기 어렵다는 점을 든다. 그러나 대부분의 고립어는 외부 접촉이 적은 고립된 곳에서 매우 적은 화자들이 사용하는데, 한국어는 약 8천만 명이 모국어로 사용하므로 고립어로 분류하기에는 어렵다는 지적도 있다. 만약 한국어 고립어설이 맞다면 고립어중 한국어는 가장 많은 화자있는 언어다. 또한 한국어가 알타이어족과 공통 어휘가 적은 이유는 일본어와 비슷하게 한자를 차용어로 쓴 단어가 있어서고, 현재 한국어 한 부분이었던 부여어족 기록이 적으므로 부여어족 기록을 더 발견하면 주장은 달라지므로 이들 의견은 여전히 논쟁중이다. 한편, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="유네스코">유네스코</a> 등 일부 단체나 학회에서 표준어와 차이가 큰 제주 방언을 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="제주어">제주어</a>로 분리하여 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어족">한국어족</a>이라고 본다. 또한 2000년대 초 고립어설을 지지한 스테판 게오르크도 제주어와 함께 한국어족을 이루는게 맞다고 견해를 정정했다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> 또한 학자들은 한국어, 일본어를 포함한 알타이어족은 같은 어족이라고 말할 정도로 유사하지만 한국어 경우 기초 어휘에 공통점이 적다고 말한다. 즉 칼 멩게스는 알타이어족은 단순히 SVO만 일치하지 않고, 많은 부분에서 일치하므로 일치하는 공통 어휘만 많다면 인도유럽어족처럼 같은 어족으로 불릴 수 있다고 주장한다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%84%88_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="마르티너 로베이츠">마르티너 로베이츠</a>는 한국이 중세에 한글을 발명했지만 근대까지 한자를 쓰며 소통하며, 한국 고유어가 사라졌으므로 알타이어족의 공통 어휘가 많이 사라졌다고 주장한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="한국어와_일본어의_관계">한국어와 일본어의 관계</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 한국어와 일본어의 관계" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%99%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어와 일본어의 비교">한국어와 일본어의 비교</a> 문서를 참고하십시오. </div> 일본어와 한국어의 연관은 과거부터 여러 학자가 지적하였다. 특히 문법이나 어휘의 유사성에서 창안된 주장이다. 서구 문화권과 비유하자면 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="독일어">독일어</a>와 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="영어">영어</a>의 관계이다. 다만 고대 한국어 자료가 부족하여 둘 간의 실제 연관은 가설 단계이다. 이노우에 키요시(井上淸)는 언어에서 중요한 1인칭에 주목했다. 일본 고어에서 1인칭은 나(己)라는 한자를 사용하며 나(な)라고 읽었는데 일본 1인칭 고어가 한국어 1인칭인 "나"와 같다. 일본어 1인칭이 동일한 곳은 중국 남부나 북부가 아닌 한국이라고 주장하였다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> 기본 어휘 중 한국어에서 숫자 1을 뜻하는 "하나"와 일본어에서 최초, 처음을 뜻하는 “はな”(하나)가 같은 점이 있다. 이노우에 키요시는 일본어가 친족 관계 가능성을 지닌 언어는 오직 한국어뿐이며, 만일 그렇다면 공통 조어에서 갈라진 시기를 언어연대학으로 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%AA%AC%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="조몬시대">조몬시대</a> 중기 이전으로 추정했다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> 하지만 한국어와 일본어에 유사성이 있는 이유는 한국인 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%9E%98%EC%9D%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="도래인">도래인</a>이 일본에 건너가서 정착했던 탓이라는 주장도 있다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%8D%BC_%EB%B2%A1%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="크리스토퍼 벡위스">크리스토퍼 벡위스</a>(Christopher I. Beckwith)는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B5%AC%EB%A0%A4%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="고구려어">고구려어</a> 어휘에서 일본어와 비슷한 점이 보인다며 신라어를 포함하지 않는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%97%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부여어족">부여어족</a>의 성립을 주장하였으나<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> 주류 학계에서는 수용하지 않고 현재 소수설이다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_%EB%B3%B4%EB%B9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="알렉산더 보빈">알렉산더 보빈</a>은 부여어족의 근거로 들리는 지명 어휘의 일치는 한국어족 어휘가 아니며 고구려어가 들어오기 전 한반도 남부에 잔존한 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본어족">일본어족</a> 언어 흔적일 뿐이라고 반박하였다. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="비알타이어_기층설">비알타이어 기층설</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 비알타이어 기층설" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> 소수 가설 중 하나로 대한민국 언어학자 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EB%B0%A9%ED%95%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="김방한">김방한</a>은 비알타이어 기층설을 주장한다. 김방한은 한국어 기층에 원시 한반도어라고 부르는 정체불명인 비알타이어 기층이 있고, 그 위에 알타이어계 요소가 덮혔거나, 그 반대로 비알타이어가 알타이 기층에 덮혀서 한국어 뼈대를 형성했다고 보았다. 그는 원시 한반도어와 계통적 친연성이 있는 언어로 편의상 고시베리아어족으로 분류하는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EB%B8%8C%ED%9E%88%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="니브히어">니브히어</a>(길랴크어)를 지목하였다. 이후 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%95%98_%EC%96%80%ED%9B%84%EB%84%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="유하 얀후넨">유하 얀후넨</a>은 한국어와 니브흐어 사이에 파열음 일치를 들어 고대에 접촉 가능성이 있다고 보았다. 이 외에는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88_%EC%97%90%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="안드레 에카르트">안드레 에카르트</a> 등 한국어가 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="인도유럽어족">인도유럽어족</a>에 속한다는 일부 학자들이 주장했으나, 계통적 관계를 규명한 기존의 연구들로 반박하였다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="음운">음운</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 음운" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  이 부분의 본문은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EC%9D%8C%EC%9A%B4%EB%A1%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어 음운론">한국어 음운론</a>입니다. </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="모음">모음</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 모음" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> 다음은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국 표준어">대한민국 표준어</a>를 기준으로 한 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="모음">모음</a>의 표기이다. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>음소</th> <th>대표적인 음성</th> <th>적요</th> <th>예</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅏ/</td> <td>[a]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EC%A0%80%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="전설 비원순 저모음">전설 비원순 저모음</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%A4_%EA%B7%BC%EC%A0%80%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중설 근저모음">중설 근저모음</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[vn 1]</a></td> <td>/ai/ 아이 [ai]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅓ/</td> <td>[ʌ]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EC%A4%91%EC%A0%80%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="후설 비원순 중저모음">후설 비원순 중저모음</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[vn 2]</a></td> <td>/ʌdi/ 어디 [ʌdi]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅗ/</td> <td>[o]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%A4_%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="후설 원순 중고모음">후설 원순 중고모음</a></td> <td>/oi/ 오이 [oi]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅜ/</td> <td>[u]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%A4_%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="후설 원순 고모음">후설 원순 고모음</a></td> <td>/uɾi/ 우리 [uɾi]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅡ/</td> <td>[ɯ]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="후설 비원순 고모음">후설 비원순 고모음</a></td> <td>/gɯ/ 그 [kɯ]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅣ/</td> <td>[i]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="전설 비원순 고모음">전설 비원순 고모음</a></td> <td>/ima/ 이마 [ima]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅐ/</td> <td>[ɛ]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EC%A4%91%EC%A0%80%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="전설 비원순 중저모음">전설 비원순 중저모음</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-n3-40">[vn 3]</a></td> <td>/hɛ/ 해 [hɛ]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅔ/</td> <td>[e]</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="전설 비원순 중고모음">전설 비원순 중고모음</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-n3-40">[vn 3]</a></td> <td>/nue/ 누에 [nue]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅚ/</td> <td>[ø] ([we] 허용)</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="전설 원순 중고모음">전설 원순 중고모음</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-n3-40">[vn 3]</a></td> <td>/sø/ 쇠 [sø]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">/ㅟ/</td> <td>[y] ([wi] 허용)</td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EA%B3%A0%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="전설 원순 고모음">전설 원순 고모음</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-n3-40">[vn 3]</a></td> <td>/y/ 위 [y]</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> 전설 모음 기호 a는 전통적으로 한국어 중설 모음을 나타내는 데 쓴다. 일반적으로 [ɐ]와 비슷한 소리를 낸다.</li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> 서울 방언 /ㅓ/는 완전한 비원순 모음이 아니라 원순과 비원순의 중간적인 발음이다. 또한 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="문화어">문화어</a>에서 이 모음을 [ɔ]로 소리 낸다.</li> <li id="cite_note-n3-40">↑ <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-n3_40-0">가</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-n3_40-1">나</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-n3_40-2">다</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-n3_40-3">라</a> 한국에서는 거의 모든 지역에서 노년층을 제외하고 /ㅐ/와 /ㅔ/의 구별을 상실하며 거의 같은 소리로 발음한다. 그 음성은 [ɛ] 와 [e]의 중간 소리다. 또 서울 방언과 평양 방언 모두 단모음 음소로서 /ㅚ/, /ㅟ/가 존재하지 않는다. 이들 방언에서 /ㅚ/는 보통 [we](평양 방언에서는 [wɛ])로 나타나며 /ㅟ/는 [wi]로 나타난다. 따라서 단모음의 종류가 가장 적은 서울 방언 화자의 경우 단모음은 일곱 가지(/ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅣ, ㅔ/)밖에 없다.</li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="자음">자음</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 자음" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center;"> <tbody> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%88%9C%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="양순음">양순</a></th> <th style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="치경음">치경</a></th> <th style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="치경구개음">치경구개</a></th> <th style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EC%84%A4%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="권설음">권설</a></th> <th style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="경구개음">경구개</a></th> <th style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="연구개음">연구개</a></th> <th style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%B8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="성문음">성문</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%97%B4%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="파열음">파열음</a></th> <td>p b</td> <td>t d</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>k ɡ</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="비음">비음</a></th> <td>m</td> <td>n</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ŋ</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="마찰음">마찰음</a></th> <td></td> <td>s z</td> <td>ɕ ʑ</td> <td></td> <td>ç   </td> <td>x   </td> <td>h ɦ</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="파찰음">파찰음</a></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ʨ ʥ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="탄음">탄음</a></th> <td></td> <td>ɾ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%91%EA%B7%BC%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="접근음">접근음</a></th> <td>w</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>j</td> <td>ɰ</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%84%A4%EC%B8%A1%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="설측음">설측음</a></th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ɭ</td> <td>ʎ</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center;"> <caption> 음운 체계 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%88%9C%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="양순음">양순음</a></td> <td style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="치경음">치경음</a></td> <td style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="경구개음">경구개음</a></td> <td style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="연구개음">연구개음</a></td> <td style="padding: 2px;"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%B8%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="성문음">성문음</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%97%B4%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="파열음">파열음</a></td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="평음">평음</a></td> <td>ㅂ (b/p)</td> <td>ㄷ (d/t)</td> <td></td> <td>ㄱ (g/k)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="경음">경음</a></td> <td>ㅃ (p͈)</td> <td>ㄸ (t͈)</td> <td></td> <td>ㄲ (k͈)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%A9%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="격음">격음</a></td> <td>ㅍ (pʰ/bʱ)</td> <td>ㅌ (tʰ/dʱ)</td> <td></td> <td>ㅋ (kʰ/gʱ)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="파찰음">파찰음</a></td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="평음">평음</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ㅈ (ʥ/ʨ)</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="경음">경음</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ㅉ (ʨ͈)</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%A9%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="격음">격음</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ㅊ (ʨʰ/ʥʱ)</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="마찰음">마찰음</a></td> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="평음">평음</a></td> <td></td> <td>ㅅ (sʰ/zʱ)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">ㅎ (h/ɦ)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="경음">경음</a></td> <td></td> <td>ㅆ (s͈)</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="비음">비음</a></td> <td>ㅁ (m)</td> <td>ㄴ (n)</td> <td></td> <td>ㅇ (ŋ)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="유음">유음</a></td> <td></td> <td>ㄹ (l)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li>/ㅅ/는 [sʰ], [j]나 [i] 앞에서는 [ɕʰ]가 된다. 비음 앞과 뒤에서는 [zʱ]로 발음된다. (단, [j]나 [i] 앞에서는 [ʑʱ]가 된다.)</li> <li>/ㅎ/는 [h]. [j]나 [i] 앞에서는 [ç], [w]나 [u] 앞에서는 [ɸ], [ɰ] 앞에서는 [x]가 된다. 모음, 비음 뒤에서는 [ɦ]로 발음되며, 비음 뒤에서는 음가가 사라진다.</li> <li>/ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㄱ/는 [p], [t], [ʨ], [k]. 모음 사이, 비음 뒤에서는 [b], [d], [ʥ], [ɡ]가 된다.</li> <li>/ㄹ/는 모음 사이에서는 [ɾ], 어말에서 또는 겹으로 날 때는 [l]. 겹으로 날 때 [i]나 [j] 앞에서는 [lʲ]가 된다. 어두에서는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%91%90%EC%9D%8C%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="두음법칙">음가가 없어진다</a>.</li> <li>위의 표에서 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="평음">평음</a>. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="경음">경음</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%A9%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="격음">격음</a>은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EC%8B%9D%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="기식성 (없는 문서)">기식성</a>에 의해 나눈 것이고, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B4%EC%9E%A5%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="긴장성 (없는 문서)">긴장성</a>에 의해 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0_%EC%97%B0%EC%9D%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="무기 연음 (없는 문서)">무기 연음</a>. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="무기 경음 (없는 문서)">무기 경음</a>. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="유기 경음 (없는 문서)">유기 경음</a>으로 분류할 수 있다.</li> <li>한국어의 강세는 불규칙이다.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="형태_음소론">형태 음소론</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 형태 음소론" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> 조사의 형태는 앞 소리 영향을 받는다. 은/는, 이/가, 을/를과 같이 음절이 바뀌는 경우도 있고, 에서/서, 으로/로와 같이 음절이 끼어드는 경우도 좋다. 특히 은/는, 이/가, 을/를의 경우, 모음 연쇄르 피하고자 자음을 삽입하는 규칙적인 경우이나, 와/과, 으로/로의 경우는 예외적이다. 으로/로는 ㄹ 뒤에서 독특하게 분포한다. 와/과 역시 중세 한국어에서 으로/로와 마찬가지로 ㄹ뒤에서 '와'를 쓰는 독특한 분포를 보였으나 현대 한국어에서는 그렇지 않다. 와/과의 경우 이중모음/ㅘ/가 모음이 아니라는 점에서 모음 연쇄 환경이 아니고 사용 빈도에 따라 분포를 설명한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[38]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> 한국어 조사 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>자음 뒤</th> <th>모음 뒤</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">-의</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-은</td> <td>-는</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-이</td> <td>-가</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-을</td> <td>-를</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-과</td> <td>-와</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-으로</td> <td>-로</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 형태 음소론적 차이는 일부 동사에서도 관찰된다. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="문법">문법</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 문법" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  이 부분의 본문은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어 문법">한국어 문법</a>입니다. </div> 한국어는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EA%B7%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="어근">어근</a>과 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%91%EC%82%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="접사">접사</a> 등 특정 표지가 붙어서 단어 기능을 결정하는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%B0%A9%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="교착어">교착어</a>로 분류한다. 특히 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC_(%ED%92%88%EC%82%AC)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조사 (품사)">조사</a>에 따라 문법적 격을 정하며 이 때문에 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%BD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="고립어">고립어</a>에 비해 어순이 비교적 유동적이나, 일반적으로 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SOV%ED%98%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SOV형">SOV형</a> 어순, 곧 주어-목적어-서술어 구조다. 또한 일반적인 경우 서술어는 반드시 문장의 끝에 위치하여야 한다. 조사는 문법적 격을 나타내는 격조사, 단어끼리 이어주는 접속조사, 특별한 의미를 가하는 보조사로 나누며, 조사가 붙는 체언이 개음절인지 폐음절인지에 따라 다른 조사가 붙기도 한다. 일례로, '사람' 뒤에 붙는 주격 조사는 '이'이나, '머리' 뒤에 붙는 주격 조사는 '가'이다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%AF%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="어미">어미</a> 다양성이 특징으로, 문장 내에서 기능이나 수식은 물론 미묘한 분위기까지 묘사한다. 특히 주로 종결 어미나 선어말 어미에 따라 드러나는 낮춤말과 평어, 높임말의 복잡한 존비어 체계가 특징이다. 화자 간에 존댓말(높임말)과 반말(낮춤말, 평어)에 합의를 명확하게 이루지 않은 상태에서 의사소통할 때 어색한 상황이 발생한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[39]</a> 이러한 언어와 호칭 선택 문제 때문에 갈등과 권위적 상황이 나타난다는 분석도 있다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[40]</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="용언">용언</a>은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%82%AC_(%ED%92%88%EC%82%AC)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="동사 (품사)">동사</a>와 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9A%A9%EC%82%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="형용사">형용사</a>를 포함하는데, 둘의 어미 변화가 거의 동일하다는 특징이 있다. 용언의 기본형은 모두 종결어미의 일종인 '-다'로 끝나는 것으로 취급되며, 그 기능에 따라 조금씩 변하나 대부분 여전히 '다'로 끝나 문장의 끝을 암시한다. 그 시제는 현재, 과거, 미래형으로 나누며, 이 또한 동사의 종류나 기능에 따라 다양한 어미가 있다. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="어휘">어휘</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 어휘" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  이 부분의 본문은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%A0%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 고유어">한국어의 고유어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 한자어">한국어의 한자어</a> 및 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%99%B8%EB%9E%98%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 외래어">한국어의 외래어</a>입니다. </div> 한국어 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%96%B4%ED%9C%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="어휘">어휘</a>는 크게 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%A0%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 고유어">고유어</a>(흔히 이르는 '순우리말'), <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한자어">한자어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%99%B8%EB%9E%98%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="외래어">외래어</a>로 분류한다. 고유어는 한국어 기층을 형성하는 고유 어휘로, 사용 빈도가 높은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%BC%EC%83%81%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="일상어 (없는 문서)">일상어</a>는 거의 대부분 고유어다. 음운적으로 ㄹ 소리로 시작하는 토착 어휘는 거의 없으며, 이는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="알타이 제어">알타이 제어</a>의 음운론 특징이기도 하다. 한국어에 한자 비율은 일반적으로 한자 비율이 50%라는 주장이 세간에 있으나 이는 일제강점기에 가능한 많은 영어와 독일어에서 번역하거나 차용한 현대어 낱말들을 한자로 표기하면서 (예를 들어 Society=사회) 과장되었다는 주장이 있다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[41]</a> 또한, 국어사전이 수록하는 한자어 상당수는 한문 문장에만 용례가 있고, 한국어에서는 용례 없는 단어들이다. 국립국어연구원이 2002년 발표한 '현대 국어 사용 빈도 조사'를 보면 우리말의 낱말 사용 비율은 토박이말이 54%, 한자어 35%, 외래어가 2%였다. 외래어라 하면 일반적으로 한자 이외 외국어에서 유래한 어휘다. 근대 이전에는 불경에서 간접 차용한 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="산스크리트어">산스크리트어</a>(한자어 형태)를 비롯하여 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="몽골어">몽골어</a>에서 두 개의 단어가 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="차용어">차용어</a>로 쓰였으며 (예를 들어 송골매), 일제강점기에는 영어와 독일어 현대어를 한자로 차용하여 사용한 단어가 있다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="독일어">독일어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="스페인어">스페인어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="포르투갈어">포르투갈어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="네덜란드어">네덜란드어</a> 등 소수의 인도유럽어족의 어휘가 일본을 통하여 들어왔으나 현재 사용 빈도는 매우 적다. 예를 들어 "Part time job"이라는 말을 일본에서 쓰던 독일어인 "아르바이트(Arbeit; 일事)"라고 부르며 원래의 아르바이트의 의미와 다르게 쓰인 말들이 있다. 현대에는 영어가 영향력을 발휘하면서 영어에서 많은 차용어가 들어와서 사용한다. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="문자">문자</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 문자" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  이 부분의 본문은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한글">한글</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%91%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="이두">이두</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%96%A5%EC%B0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="향찰">향찰</a> 및 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B2%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="구결">구결</a>입니다. </div> 한반도에서 처음 사용한 문자 체계는 한자다. 한문 유입 이후, 고유명사 표기 등 한국어 표기 필요성이 대두하였으며, 1934년 경주에서 발견한 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%9C%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="임신서기석">임신서기석</a>은 어순이 한문 어순이 아닌 한국어 어순에 따라 배열하여 한자를 이용해서 한국어를 표기하고자 한 여러 노력이 있었다. 이 임신서기석에 사용한 변칙 한문체를 서기체 또는 의국체라고 한다. 단음절어이며 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%BD%EC%96%B4_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%9C%A0%ED%98%95%ED%95%99)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="고립어 (언어유형학)">고립어</a>인 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한자">한자</a>는 다음절어이면서 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%B0%A9%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="교착어">교착어</a>인 한국어의 표기에 적합하지 않아 한자를 이용하여 한국어를 표기하는 방법 중에서 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%91%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="이두">이두</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B2%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="구결">구결</a>이 있었으며 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%96%A5%EC%B0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="향찰">향찰</a>은 소멸하였다. 한글을 만들기 전에는 한국어를 표기하기보다는 문어체 한문을 고수하려는 경향이 있어서, 구어(한국어)와 문어(한문) 이중 체계를 오랫동안 지속하였다. 현재 한국어 표기에 쓰는 문자인 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한글">한글</a>은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%A2%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="세종">세종대왕</a>이 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1443%EB%85%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1443년">1443년</a>에 창제하여 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="훈민정음">훈민정음</a>이라는 이름으로 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1446%EB%85%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1446년">1446년</a>에 반포하였다. 훈민정음 창제 원리에 대한 설이 여러 가지 있었으나, 1940년에 《세종어제훈민정음》을 발견하면서 발성 기관을 본떠서 만든 사실을 발견했다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%B8%EC%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="정인지">정인지</a>는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="훈민정음">훈민정음</a> 반포 서문에서 "계해년 겨울에 우리 전하께서 비로소 정음 28자를 창제하시다."(癸亥冬, 我殿下創制正音二十八字.)라고 적었다. 한글 창제 이후 조선에서 소설이나 편지 등에서도 많이 사용하였다. (<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%ED%95%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%98%BC%EC%9A%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국한문혼용">국한문혼용</a>) 현재 대한민국에서 한글이 공식문자이고, 일부 한자어는 한자를 괄호에 넣어 병기하지만 한자 사용은 갈수록 줄어드는 추세이다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>과 중국 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%98%8C%EB%B3%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="옌볜 조선족 자치주">옌볜 조선족 자치주</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A0%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="소련">구 소련</a> 지역에서는 한자를 거의 쓰지 않고 가급적 한글로만 한국어를 표기한다. 1930년대 초반 소련에서 여러 소수 민족 언어를 대상으로 한 로마자 표기 정책 일환으로 한국어를 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="로마자">로마자</a>로 표기하는 방안을 승인했지만, 실제 로마자 표기안을 마련하여 생활에 적용하지는 못했다. 이는 한국어 문자생활에서 로마자로 한글·한자를 대체하려던 방안으로 외국인들을 위한 한국어 고유명사의 표기에 쓰는 현재 로마자 표기 규범과는 큰 차이가 있다. 다만, 현대 한국어에서는 로마자 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%91%90%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="두문자어">두문자어</a> 표기와 일부 고유 명사 표기에 로마자를 일부 제한적으로 사용하기도 한다. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="방언">방언</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 방언" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  이 부분의 본문은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 방언">한국어의 방언</a>입니다. </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Korean_dialect_dragonfly.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Korean_dialect_dragonfly.png/220px-Korean_dialect_dragonfly.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="389" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="460"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 389px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Korean_dialect_dragonfly.png/220px-Korean_dialect_dragonfly.png" data-width="220" data-height="389" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Korean_dialect_dragonfly.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> '<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="잠자리">잠자리</a>'를 부르는 여러 가지 말. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Koreandialects.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Koreandialects.png/220px-Koreandialects.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="441"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Koreandialects.png/220px-Koreandialects.png" data-width="220" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Koreandialects.png/330px-Koreandialects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Koreandialects.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> 한국어의 지역별 방언 구분 </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 방언">한국어의 방언</a>은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="경기 방언">경기 방언</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%98%81%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="영동 방언">영동 방언</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%B6%81_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="서북 방언">서북 방언</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%B6%A9%EC%B2%AD_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="충청 방언">충청 방언</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="서남 방언">서남 방언</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="동남 방언">동남 방언</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%B6%81_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="동북 방언">동북 방언</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EB%AF%B8_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="재미 한국어">재미 한국어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%A4%91_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="재중 한국어">재중 한국어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%BC_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="재일 한국어">재일 한국어</a> 등으로 나눈다. 경기 방언과 황해 방언, 강원 방언(영서 방언/영동 방언), 충청 방언을 중부 말로 합쳐 일컫기도 한다. 제주 방언을 제외한 거의 모든 방언이 서로 의사소통이 가능한 정도의 차이를 보인다. 대한민국 표준어는 서울 방언을 바탕으로 하고, 조선민주주의인민공화국 표준어인 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="문화어">문화어</a>는 분단 이전 남한 표준어에 기반을 두고 서북 방언 어휘들을 추가하였다. 최근에 미국 등 영어 사용 국가로 이민이 늘어나면서 이민 2세와 같이 영어를 모국어로 하는 한국계 외국인들이 영어를 번역한 듯한 한국어(번역체)를 사용하기도 한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="한국어의_남북_간_차이">한국어의 남북 간 차이</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 한국어의 남북 간 차이" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  이 부분의 본문은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%81_%EA%B0%84_%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 남북 간 차이">한국어의 남북 간 차이</a>입니다. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480376">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html 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body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style> <table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; width: auto;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> 이 문단의 내용은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%EB%B0%9D%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="위키백과:출처 밝히기">출처</a>가 분명하지 않습니다. 이 <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25ED%2595%259C%25EA%25B5%25AD%25EC%2596%25B4%26action%3Dedit">문단을 편집</a>하여, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%8B%A0%EB%A2%B0%ED%95%A0_%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="위키백과:신뢰할 수 있는 출처">신뢰할 수 있는 출처</a>를 표기해 주세요. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%ED%99%95%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="위키백과:확인 가능">검증</a>되지 않은 내용은 삭제될 수도 있습니다. 내용에 대한 의견은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="토론:한국어">토론 문서</a>에서 나누어 주세요. (2010년 5월) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>과 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>은 약 80년 가까이 나뉘어 언어상 특징도 적지만 다른 점이 있다. 서로 의사소통에는 전혀 문제는 없으며 소수 단어를 빼고서 모든 언어와 문법은 일치한다. 가령 조선민주주의인민공화국에서는 건데기나 지팽이와 같이 'ㅣ'의 모음 역행 동화를 인정하는 경향이 크며, 대한민국에서 인정하는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%91%90%EC%9D%8C_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="두음 법칙">두음 법칙</a>은 없으므로 여자, 염원, 노동 대신 녀자, 념원, 로동과 같은 낱말을 사용한다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>에서 상황에 따라 다양한 성격의 문체나 구어체를 활용하고, 조선민주주의인민공화국에서는 어감이 강한 표현을 많이 쓴다. 또, 조선민주주의인민공화국에서는 '찔리우다'와 같이 대한민국보다 보조용언을 겹쳐 쓰는 경우가 많으며, 접미사 '들'을 많이 쓰는 경향도 있다. 어휘 면에서는 특히 많은 차이를 보이며, 외래어 수용에 큰 거리낌이 없는 대한민국에 반해, 조선민주주의인민공화국에서는 말다듬기로 고유어를 많이 사용한다. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="외국어로서">외국어로서</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 외국어로서" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="미국">미국</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본">일본</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중화인민공화국">중국</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="프랑스">프랑스</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="폴란드">폴란드</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="카자흐스탄">카자흐스탄</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="키르기스스탄">키르기스스탄</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="러시아">러시아</a> 등지에서는 한국어를 배우려는 사람들이 많이 있다. 이는 대한민국 경제 성장에 따른 국제적 위상 확대와 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%A5%98_(%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한류 (문화)">한류</a> 등 문화적 영향력에 힘입은 바가 크다. 과거에 영어, 일본어 등 유럽, 미주 및 일본을 중심으로만 한국어 학습용 교재를 발간했으나, 근래에는 한국어 학습 동기 다변화와 국내 외국인 수 증가로 중국어, 타이어, 인도네시아어, 베트남어 등 다양한 언어로 한국어 교재를 발간한다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="고려인 강제 이주 (없는 문서)">고려인 강제 이주</a>로 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="러시아">러시아</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="우즈베키스탄">우즈베키스탄</a> 등을 포함하여 예전 소련 일부 지역에서도 사용한다. 조선족이 조선말을 사용하면서 둥베이 지역에서도 사용한다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="미국">미국</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%ED%9A%8C%EA%B3%84%EA%B0%90%EC%82%AC%EC%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="정부회계감사원 (없는 문서)">정부회계감사원</a>이 발표한 '미국 국무부 외국어 직무수행 평가서'에 따르면 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본어">일본어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중국어">중국어</a>, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="아랍어">아랍어</a>와 더불어 한국어를 미국인이 가장 배우기 힘든 언어(superhard language)로 분류하는데, 이는 인도유럽어족인 영어와 한국어 어원이 아예 다른 탓이다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[43]</a> 한국어를 배우는 거의 대부분의 외국인은 한국어를 학문으로서 배운다는 의견도 존재한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="한국어_검정시험">한국어 검정시험</h3> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 한국어 검정시험" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="대한민국">대한민국</h4> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 대한민국" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> 대한민국에는 현재 한국어 능력을 검정하는 시험이 몇 가지 있다. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어능력시험">한국어능력시험</a>(韓國語能力試驗, Test Of Proficiency in Korean ; TOPIK), <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%9D%B8%EC%A6%9D%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="국어능력인증시험">국어능력인증시험</a>(國語能力認證試驗, Test of Korean Language;TOKL), <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KBS_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KBS 한국어능력시험">KBS 한국어능력시험</a>(Korean Language Test) 등이 있다. <ul> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어능력시험">한국어능력시험</a>(韓國語能力試驗, TOPIK) <dl> <dd> 국립국제교육원이 주최하고 교육과학기술부가 인정하는 자격시험으로 매년 4월과 9월에 시행한다. (대한민국에서는 2007년부터, 일본에서는 2008년부터 연 2회 볼 수 있게 되었다) 한글능력검정시험과 달리 1, 2급이 초급이고 3, 4급이 중급, 5, 6급이 고급단계이다. 대한민국, 일본 외에 세계 28개국에서 실시하는 국제적 시험이다. 외국인이 유학으로 대한민국 대학교, 대학원에 입학할 때 이 시험 성적 증명서 제출하라고 요구한다. 또한, 대한민국의 많은 외국인 대상 어학당(어학원)에서 이 시험 결과로 반을 편성하며 TOPIK 시험을 위해 공부를 가르친다. TOPIK 시험은 듣기, 읽기, 쓰기가 있다. TOPIK에 말하기 평가를 신설한다는 뉴스가 계속 있었고, 2019년에 해외에서 "말하기 평가" 모의시행을 열었고, 2023년부터 TOPIK에 말하기 평가를 신설하여 2023년부터 말하기 평가, 듣기, 읽기, 쓰기로 시험을 진행한다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[45]</a> </dd> </dl></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%A7%90%EC%9D%B8%EC%A6%9D%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="세계한국말인증시험">세계한국말인증시험</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[46]</a>(KLPT) <dl> <dd> 한글학회가 주최하는 자격시험으로 4월, 10월에 시행한다. 2006년까지 1,4,7,10월 연 4회 시행했으나, 2007년부터 연 2회로 단축했다.(적은 수험자 인원수를 원인으로 추측한다.) 평가는 500점 만점 점수제로 토익과 같은 형태다. </dd> </dl></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="한국어 레벨테스트 (없는 문서)">한국어 레벨테스트</a>(KLT) <dl> <dd> 점수제이고 1000점 만점이다. 시험시간은 90분이고 비교적 단시간에 시험을 볼 수 있다. 한국,일본외에 중국과 미국에서도 수험이 가능하다. 2004년부터 개시했지만 2009년 1월부터 시행하지 않았다. </dd> </dl></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="일본에서_한국어_시험">일본에서 한국어 시험</h4> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 일본에서 한국어 시험" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> 일본에 시행하는 네 가지 한국어 시험 가운데 일본에서 잘 알려진 시험은 한글능력검정시험과 한국어능력시험이다. 한글능력검정시험을 뺀 나머지 모든 시험은 대한민국 표준어 시험이기 때문에 표준어가 기준이며, 이와 다른 문화어 맞춤법이나 어법은 오답으로 처리한다. 이외 일본 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99_%EC%9E%85%EC%8B%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0_%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대학 입시 센터 시험">대학 입시 센터 시험</a>은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2002%EB%85%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2002년">2002년</a>부터 한국어를 포함한다. <ul> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EA%B2%80%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="한글능력검정시험 (없는 문서)">한글능력검정시험</a> <dl> <dd> 일본 특정 비영리법인 한글능력검정협회가 주최하는 자격시험으로 6월경(연 2회)에 실시한다. 일본인 한국어 학습자이 가장 잘 아는 시험이다. 5급이 가장 낮은 급수이고 4급<3급<준2급<2급<1급순으로 급수가 올라간다. 일본 국내에서만 인정하며 등급이 영어검정(일본)시험과 거의 같으므로 영어검정시험과 비교 대조하기도 한다. 2006년부터 "준 1급"을 없앴다. 1, 2급은 문제 지문을 포함하여 모든 글을 한국어로 표기한다. 또한, 이 시험은 답을 적을 때 대한민국이나 조선민주주의인민공화국 어느 한쪽으로 일관성이 있으면 정답으로 간주한다. 근래 한류 영향으로 초급 수험자는 상당히 증가했으나 반대로 1, 2급 등 고급 레벨에는 수험자 수가 매우 적다. 2004년 전후에 상급 시험 문제는 난도가 계속 상승하는 반면, 3급 이하 급수는 합격률이 90%로 문제가 쉬운 현상이 일어났다. 그러나 2006년 다시 출제 기준과 난이도를 조정하여, 낮은 급수도 난도가 대폭 상승해 현재에 이른다. 이러한 난이도 유동에 따라 자격 시험 신뢰도가 떨어진다는 지적도 있다. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36482206">[<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%ED%95%84%EC%9A%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="위키백과:출처 필요">출처 필요</a>] </dd> </dl></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="인터넷에서의_한국어">인터넷에서의 한국어</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 인터넷에서의 한국어" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7_%EC%8B%A0%EC%A1%B0%EC%96%B4_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국의 인터넷 신조어 목록">대한민국의 인터넷 신조어 목록</a> 문서를 참고하십시오. </div> 한국어 문서가 전 세계 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EB%93%9C%EC%99%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="월드와이드웹">웹</a>에서 차지하는 비중은 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004%EB%85%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004년">2004년</a>에 4.1%로, 이는 영어(35.8%), 중국어(14.1%), 일본어(9.6%), 스페인어(9%), 독일어(7%)에 이어 전 세계 6위이다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dtimes20050316-50">[47]</a> 웹상에서의 한국어 사용 인구는 전 세계 75억여 명의 인구<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-un_worldpopulation2008-51">[48]</a> 중 약 1%<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[49]</a>에 해당한다. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="한국어_사용_국가">한국어 사용 국가</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 한국어 사용 국가" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="대한민국의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="대한민국의 기" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>(국가 공용어)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="미국의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="미국의 기" data-width="22" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="미국">미국</a>(재미동포, 한인타운 등지에서 사용, 주요 외국어 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SAT?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SAT">SAT</a> 제2외국어 과목 채택)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="카자흐스탄의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" data-alt="카자흐스탄의 기" data-width="22" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="카자흐스탄">카자흐스탄</a>(고려인, 주요 외국어, 제2외국어 과목 채택)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="키르기스스탄의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" data-alt="키르기스스탄의 기" data-width="22" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="키르기스스탄">키르기스스탄</a>(고려인, 주요 외국어, 제2외국어 과목 채택)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="우즈베키스탄의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" data-alt="우즈베키스탄의 기" data-width="22" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="우즈베키스탄">우즈베키스탄</a>(고려인, 주요 외국어, 제2외국어 과목 채택)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="투르크메니스탄의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" data-alt="투르크메니스탄의 기" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="투르크메니스탄">투르크메니스탄</a>(고려인, 주요 외국어, 제2외국어 과목 채택)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="조선민주주의인민공화국의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="조선민주주의인민공화국의 기" data-width="22" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>(국가 공용어)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Japan.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="일본의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="일본의 기" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="일본">일본</a>(인구의 약 0.8% 사용, 재일동포가 사용, 주요 외국어, 제2외국어 과목 채택. 공항 및 지하철 안내 언어)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="중화인민공화국의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="중화인민공화국의 기" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>(<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%98%8C%EB%B3%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="옌볜 조선족 자치주">옌볜 조선족 자치주</a>의 공용어)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="러시아의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="러시아의 기" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="러시아">러시아</a>(북-러양국문화인민언어선택)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Turkey.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="튀르키예의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="튀르키예의 기" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="튀르키예">튀르키예</a>(제2외국어 과목 채택)</li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="아제르바이잔의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" data-alt="아제르바이잔의 기" data-width="22" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="아제르바이잔">아제르바이잔</a>(제2외국어 과목 채택)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="사용_빈도가_높은_낱말">사용 빈도가 높은 낱말</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 사용 빈도가 높은 낱말" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25EB%25B6%2580%25EB%25A1%259D:%25EC%259E%2590%25EC%25A3%25BC_%25EC%2593%25B0%25EC%259D%25B4%25EB%258A%2594_%25ED%2595%259C%25EA%25B5%25AD%25EC%2596%25B4_%25EB%2582%25B1%25EB%25A7%2590_5800" class="extiw" title="wikt:부록:자주 쓰이는 한국어 낱말 5800">wikt:부록:자주 쓰이는 한국어 낱말 5800</a> 문서를 참고하십시오. </div> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9B%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="국립국어원">국립국어원</a>은 지속적으로 사용 빈도가 높은 한국어 기초 어휘 관련 자료들을 연구 및 제공한다. 그중에서 한국어 낱말 단어를 수록한 "한국어 학습용 어휘" 6,000 낱말을 2004년 12월에 발표하였으며 이후 이러한 자료를 세계인들이 사용하도록 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한국어기초사전">한국어기초사전</a>을 통해 어휘 데이터베이스를 제공한다. 이러한 한국어 어휘에 대한 사용 빈도 자료는 <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어능력시험">한국어능력시험</a>(TOPIK), 외국인을 위한 한국어 학습 및 교육 등에 중요한 근거 자료로 그 활용도가 높다.<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[50]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[51]</a><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[52]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="같이_보기">같이 보기</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%88%98%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국 수어">한국 수어</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4_%EC%88%9C%EC%88%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어의 언어 순수주의">한국어의 언어 순수주의</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%92%88%EC%82%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한국어의 품사">한국어의 품사</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SOV%ED%98%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SOV형">SOV형</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한글">한글</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80%EB%82%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한글날">한글날</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="훈민정음">훈민정음</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B8%B4_%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EB%82%B1%EB%A7%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="긴 한국어 낱말">긴 한국어 낱말</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9E%B0%EB%A7%90_%EB%86%80%EC%9D%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="잰말 놀이">발음하기 힘든 한국어 문장</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어 사전">한국어 사전</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한국어 위키백과">한국어 위키백과</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한자">한자</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="한자어">한자어</a></li> <li><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="한자 문화권">한자 문화권</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="각주">각주</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="부분 편집: 각주" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 편집 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-1">↑ <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-0">가</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-1">나</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kor">“Korean language”</a>. 《<a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%EB%86%80%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="에스놀로그">에스놀로그</a>》 27판. 2024년. 2024년 6월 4일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%EB%86%80%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8&rft.atitle=Korean+language&rft.date=2024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fkor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-google15-2"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-google15_2-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSong2005" class="citation">Song, Jae Jung (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrIk52cJ1vDEC%26pg%3DPA15">《The Korean language: structure, use and context》</a>, Routledge, 15쪽, <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-415-32802-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-415-32802-9"><bdi>978-0-415-32802-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korean+language%3A+structure%2C+use+and+context&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-32802-9&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=Jae+Jung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrIk52cJ1vDEC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCampbellMixco2007" class="citation">Campbell, Lyle; Mixco, Mauricio (2007), 〈Korean, A language isolate〉, 《A Glossary of Historical Linguistics》, University of Utah Press, 7, 90–91쪽, <q>most specialists... no longer believe that the... Altaic groups... are related […] Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Korean%2C+A+language+isolate&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+Historical+Linguistics&rft.pages=7%2C+90-91&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft.au=Mixco%2C+Mauricio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFDalby1999–2000" class="citation">Dalby, David (1999–2000), 《The Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities》, Linguasphere Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Register+of+the+World%27s+Languages+and+Speech+Communities&rft.pub=Linguasphere+Press&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFKim1992" class="citation">Kim, Nam-Kil (1992), 〈Korean〉, 《International Encyclopedia of Linguistics》 2, 282–86쪽, <q>scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Korean&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=282-86&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Nam-Kil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFRóna-Tas1998" class="citation">Róna-Tas, András (1998), 〈The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question〉, 《The Turkic Languages》, Routledge, 67–80쪽, <q>[Ramstedt's comparisons of Korean and Altaic] have been heavily criticised in more recent studies, though the idea of a genetic relationship has not been totally abandoned</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Proto-Turkic+and+the+Genetic+Question&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+Languages&rft.pages=67-80&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=R%C3%B3na-Tas&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSchönig2003" class="citation">Schönig, Claus (2003), 〈Turko-Mongolic Relations〉, 《The Mongolic Languages》, Routledge, 403–19쪽, <q>the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common basic vocabulary of the type normally present in cases of genetic relationship</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turko-Mongolic+Relations&rft.btitle=The+Mongolic+Languages&rft.pages=403-19&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6nig&rft.aufirst=Claus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSanchez-MazasBlenchRossLin2008" class="citation">Sanchez-Mazas; Blench; Ross; Lin; Pejros, 편집. (2008), 〈Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology?〉, 《Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan: genetic, linguistic and archaeological evidence》, Taylor & Francis</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stratification+in+the+peopling+of+China%3A+how+far+does+the+linguistic+evidence+match+genetics+and+archaeology%3F&rft.btitle=Human+migrations+in+continental+East+Asia+and+Taiwan%3A+genetic%2C+linguistic+and+archaeological+evidence&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Vovin, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.academia.edu/18764127">“Korean as a Paleosiberian Language (English version of 원시시베리아 언어로서 한국어)”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Korean+as+a+Paleosiberian+Language+%28English+version+of+%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%A1%9C%EC%84%9C+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%29&rft.aulast=Vovin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F18764127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoWhitman202011–12-10">↑ <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoWhitman202011%E2%80%9312_10-0">가</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoWhitman202011%E2%80%9312_10-1">나</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFChoWhitman2020">Cho & Whitman (2020)</a>, 11–12쪽. sfnp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFChoWhitman2020 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> 그러나, 북한에서는 한글을 이르는 말로 보통 "조선글(자)"를 사용하므로 이 표현 역시 중립적이지 않다. 다만, 최근 북한 사전들에서 "한글"을 올림말로 삼는다.</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Vovin, Alexander (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224042740/http://real.mtak.hu/56022/1/062.2017.70.2.4.pdf">“Koreanic loanwords in Khitan and their importance in the decipherment of the latter”</a> (PDF). 《Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae》 70 (2): 207–215. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1556%252F062.2017.70.2.4">10.1556/062.2017.70.2.4</a>. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-6446">0001-6446</a>. 2021년 2월 24일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://real.mtak.hu/56022/1/062.2017.70.2.4.pdf">원본 문서</a> (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 9월 20일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Orientalia+Academiae+Scientiarum+Hungaricae&rft.atitle=Koreanic+loanwords+in+Khitan+and+their+importance+in+the+decipherment+of+the+latter&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=207-215&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1556%2F062.2017.70.2.4&rft.issn=0001-6446&rft.aulast=Vovin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freal.mtak.hu%2F56022%2F1%2F062.2017.70.2.4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMartin1966">Martin (1966)</a> harvp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFMartin1966 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMartin1990">Martin (1990)</a> harvp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFMartin1990 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> e.g. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMiller1971">Miller (1971)</a> harvp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFMiller1971 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMiller1996">Miller (1996)</a> harvp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFMiller1996 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Starostin, Sergei (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509142850/http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/Starostin_AP.pdf">《Altaiskaya problema i proishozhdeniye yaponskogo yazika》 [The Altaic Problem and the Origins of the Japanese Language]</a> (PDF) (러시아어). Moscow: Nauka. 2021년 5월 9일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/Starostin_AP.pdf">원본 문서</a> (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 11월 22일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Altaiskaya+problema+i+proishozhdeniye+yaponskogo+yazika&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Nauka&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Starostin&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarling.rinet.ru%2FTexts%2FStarostin_AP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVovin2008211–212-16"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVovin2008211%E2%80%93212_16-0">↑</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVovin2008">Vovin (2008)</a>, 211–212쪽. sfnp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFVovin2008 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Vovin2013-17">↑ <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vovin2013_17-0">가</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vovin2013_17-1">나</a> Vovin, Alexander (2013), "From Koguryo to T'amna", Korean Linguistics 15:2</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Hölzl, Andreas (2018년 8월 29일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DcC9tDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25%26lpg%3DPA25%26dq%3Dkoreanic%2Blanguages%2Borigin%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dkoreanic%2520languages%2520origin%26f%3Dfalse">《A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective》</a> (영어). Language Science Press. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9783961101023?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="특수:책찾기/9783961101023"><bdi>9783961101023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+typology+of+questions+in+Northeast+Asia+and+beyond%3A+An+ecological+perspective&rft.pub=Language+Science+Press&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft.isbn=9783961101023&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6lzl&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DcC9tDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25%26lpg%3DPA25%26dq%3Dkoreanic%2Blanguages%2Borigin%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dkoreanic%2520languages%2520origin%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> Young Kyun Oh, 2005. Old Chinese and Old Sino-Korean</li> <li id="cite_note-관견-20">↑ <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%EA%B4%80%EA%B2%AC_20-0">가</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%EA%B4%80%EA%B2%AC_20-1">나</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%ED%94%84_%EC%9A%98_%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="구스타프 욘 람스테트">Ramstedt, Gustaf John</a> (2016) [1928]. 〈Remarks on the Korean language〉 [한국어에 대한 관견]. 《알타이 가설과 한국어》. 아시아학술번역총서 1. 번역 도재학. 서울: 역락. 30, 49쪽. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9791156867296?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="특수:책찾기/9791156867296"><bdi>9791156867296</bdi></a>. <q>The result of etymological researches will, as far as I can see, once for all fix the Korean language in its proper place as an old branch of a large East-Asiatic group, from which the Mongoloturcicum seperated earlier, while another group, the Tungusian, remained closer to the Korean, from which it also got Chinese loanwords.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Remarks+on+the+Korean+language&rft.btitle=%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4+%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4%EA%B3%BC+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.series=%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%ED%95%99%EC%88%A0%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD%EC%B4%9D%EC%84%9C+1&rft.pages=30%2C+49&rft.pub=%EC%97%AD%EB%9D%BD&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9791156867296&rft.aulast=Ramstedt&rft.aufirst=Gustaf+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988">  [<cite class="citation journal"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%ED%94%84_%EC%9A%98_%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="구스타프 욘 람스테트">Ramstedt, Gustaf John</a> (1928). “Remarks on the Korean language”. 《Mémoires de la Société Finno-ougrienne》 (영어) 58: 441-453.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Finno-ougrienne&rft.atitle=Remarks+on+the+Korean+language&rft.volume=58&rft.pages=441-453&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Ramstedt&rft.aufirst=Gustaf+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> 에서 재인용.]</li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id%3DE0035147">알타이어족(─語族)</a>, 한국민족문화대백과사전.</li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Ramstedt, Gustaf John (2016) [1928]. 위의 책. 30-31, 49쪽. “The traditional and unconvincing «Uraloaltaic» theory must be removed far away, as the center of the Altaic world locates itself on the Western and Eastern slopes of the Hingan mountain range.”</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://news.joins.com/article/1265948">“한국어연구의 태두 「람스테트」 박사-김방한<서울대 문리대교수>”</a>. 중앙일보. 1970년 11월 20일. 2019년 9월 23일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98+%ED%83%9C%EB%91%90+%E3%80%8C%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8%E3%80%8D+%EB%B0%95%EC%82%AC-%EA%B9%80%EB%B0%A9%ED%95%9C%3C%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8%EB%8C%80+%EB%AC%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%90%EC%88%98%3E&rft.date=1970-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.joins.com%2Farticle%2F1265948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> eg Vovin 2008: 1</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">서울대학교 국어교육연구소 (2002). 《고등학교 국어(하)》. 서울: 두산동아. 16쪽. <q>여러 자료들을 볼 때, 몽골 어군(語群), 만주·퉁구스 어군, 튀르크 어군 등과 함께 국어가 알타이 어족(語族)에 속할 가능성이 높지만, 아직은 분명한 증거가 확보되지 않아 가설 단계에 머물러 있을 뿐이다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%B1%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90+%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%28%ED%95%98%29&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=%EB%91%90%EC%82%B0%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84&rft.date=2002&rft.au=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90+%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-histsb-26"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-histsb_26-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">국사 편찬 위원회; 국정 도서 편찬 위원회 (2006년 3월 2일). 《고등학교 국사》. 서울: (주)교학사. 19쪽. <q>우리 민족은 인종상으로는 황인종에 속하고, 언어학상으로는 알타이 어족과 가까운 관계에 있다고 본다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%B1%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90+%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=%28%EC%A3%BC%29%EA%B5%90%ED%95%99%EC%82%AC&rft.date=2006-03-02&rft.au=%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC+%ED%8E%B8%EC%B0%AC+%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C&rft.au=%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%95+%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C+%ED%8E%B8%EC%B0%AC+%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">李基文 (1972). 《國語史槪說》改訂판. 서울: 塔出版社. 14-15, 28쪽. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/8934200421?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="특수:책찾기/8934200421"><bdi>8934200421</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%8F%B2%E6%A7%AA%E8%AA%AA&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.pages=14-15%2C+28&rft.edition=%E6%94%B9%E8%A8%82&rft.pub=%E5%A1%94%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=8934200421&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alex12-28"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alex12_28-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Baratta, Alex (2012년 3월 8일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud%3D20120308001122">“Is the Korean language really an orphan?”</a> (영어). The Korean Herald. 2019년 9월 22일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Is+the+Korean+language+really+an+orphan%3F&rft.date=2012-03-08&rft.aulast=Baratta&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20120308001122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge99-29">↑ <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cambridge99_29-0">가</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cambridge99_29-1">나</a> <cite class="citation journal">Georg, Stefan; Michalove, Peter A.; Ramer, Alexis Manaster; Sidwell, Paul J. (1999년 3월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-linguistics/article/telling-general-linguists-about-altaic/4062C2C55ABDE1D32E08D74FA26A6330">“Telling general linguists about Altaic”</a> 35 (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Telling+general+linguists+about+Altaic&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1999-03&rft.aulast=Georg&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Michalove%2C+Peter+A.&rft.au=Ramer%2C+Alexis+Manaster&rft.au=Sidwell%2C+Paul+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fjournal-of-linguistics%2Farticle%2Ftelling-general-linguists-about-altaic%2F4062C2C55ABDE1D32E08D74FA26A6330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glossary-30">↑ <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Glossary_30-0">가</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Glossary_30-1">나</a> <cite class="citation book">Campbell, Lyle; Mixco, Mauricio J. 《A Glossary of Historical Linguistics》. Salt Lake City: Edinburgh University Press. 7, 90-91쪽. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9780874808933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="특수:책찾기/9780874808933"><bdi>9780874808933</bdi></a>. <q>While ‘Altaic’ is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic, are related.[p=7] Korean, A language isolate [...] Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported.[p=90-91]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+Historical+Linguistics&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pages=7%2C+90-91&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780874808933&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft.au=Mixco%2C+Mauricio+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KNK92-31"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-KNK92_31-0">↑</a> Kim, Nam-Kil (1992), "Korean", International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2, pp. 282–86, scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success.</li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> Other isolated languages of Asia</li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Menges, Karl H. (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43191627">“THE ALTAIC LANGUAGES”</a>. 《Bulletin of the American Association of Teachers of Slavonic and East European Languages》 3 (4): 74–76. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2325-7717">2325-7717</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Association+of+Teachers+of+Slavonic+and+East+European+Languages&rft.atitle=THE+ALTAIC+LANGUAGES&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=74-76&rft.date=1946&rft.issn=2325-7717&rft.aulast=Menges&rft.aufirst=Karl+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43191627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kotobank.jp/word/%25E5%25B7%25B1-453569">https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B7%B1-453569</a></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EA%B2%BD%EB%A6%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="박경리">박경리</a> (2008년 7월 18일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.donga.com/news/article/all/20080718/8604412/1">“박경리 선생 유고 ‘일본산고(日本散考)’<1>憎惡의 根源”</a>. 동아일보. 2019년 9월 22일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EB%B0%95%EA%B2%BD%EB%A6%AC+%EC%84%A0%EC%83%9D+%EC%9C%A0%EA%B3%A0+%E2%80%98%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%82%B0%EA%B3%A0%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%A3%E8%80%83%29%E2%80%99%3C1%3E%E6%86%8E%E6%83%A1%EC%9D%98+%E6%A0%B9%E6%BA%90&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft.au=%EB%B0%95%EA%B2%BD%EB%A6%AC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.donga.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fall%2F20080718%2F8604412%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> 크리스토퍼 벡위드(2006), 《고구려어: 일본을 대륙과 연결시켜 주는 언어》, 서울: 고구려연구재단, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/8991448658?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="특수:책찾기/8991448658">8991448658</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#lewin">Lewin 1976</a>, 394쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: lewin (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>): "The German Koreanist Eckardt has in fact sought Korean affinities in Indo-European, which years before had led to the strange hypothesis of an "Eurasian language family". On the other hand Eckardt in one of his essays (1971) has attempted to derive Japanese from Korean. Two studies, written in German by Korean scholars, which came about under his influence, also opposed the prevailing view of a genetic relationship between the two languages or between Korean and the Altaic languages"</li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">남, 성현; 김, 선회 (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId%3DART002049997">“제약서열과 사용빈도”</a>. 《언어연구》 (한국현대언어학회). <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.18627%252Fjslg.31.3.201511.605">10.18627/jslg.31.3.201511.605</a>. 2016년 7월 17일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC&rft.atitle=%EC%A0%9C%EC%95%BD%EC%84%9C%EC%97%B4%EA%B3%BC+%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EB%B9%88%EB%8F%84&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18627%2Fjslg.31.3.201511.605&rft.aulast=%EB%82%A8&rft.aufirst=%EC%84%B1%ED%98%84&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%2C+%EC%84%A0%ED%9A%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kci.go.kr%2Fkciportal%2Fci%2FsereArticleSearch%2FciSereArtiView.kci%3FsereArticleSearchBean.artiId%3DART002049997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid%3D200804080132361001">“미수다 “한국어 존댓말 그것이 궁금하다”</a>. 《Newsen(뉴스앤미디어)》. 2008년 4월 8일. 2018년 10월 6일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsen%28%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%95%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4%29&rft.atitle=%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A4+%E2%80%9C%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4+%EC%A1%B4%EB%8C%93%EB%A7%90+%EA%B7%B8%EA%B2%83%EC%9D%B4+%EA%B6%81%EA%B8%88%ED%95%98%EB%8B%A4&rft.date=2008-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsen.com%2Fnews_view.php%3Fuid%3D200804080132361001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid%3D201101021911275%26code%3D990000">“[포럼]미묘한 호칭 갈등”</a>. 《경향신문》. 2011년 1월 2일. 2018년 10월 6일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EA%B2%BD%ED%96%A5%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8&rft.atitle=%5B%ED%8F%AC%EB%9F%BC%5D%EB%AF%B8%EB%AC%98%ED%95%9C+%ED%98%B8%EC%B9%AD+%EA%B0%88%EB%93%B1&rft.date=2011-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.khan.co.kr%2Fkh_news%2Fkhan_art_view.html%3Fartid%3D201101021911275%26code%3D990000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826214445/http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/religion/376204.html">“"우리말 70%가 한자말? 일제가 왜곡"”</a>. 《한겨레》. 2009년 9월 11일. 2018년 8월 26일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hani.co.kr/arti/culture/religion/376204.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 10월 6일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88&rft.atitle=%22%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%A7%90+70%25%EA%B0%80+%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90%EB%A7%90%3F+%EC%9D%BC%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%80+%EC%99%9C%EA%B3%A1%22&rft.date=2009-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fculture%2Freligion%2F376204.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yoksa.aks.ac.kr/jsp/ll/Directory.jsp?gb%3D1">한국 방언 자료집</a> - ASX, 한국역사정보통합시스템</li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">이은주 기자 (2006년 8월 13일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.joins.com/article/2417248">“미국인들 배우기 가장 어려운 언어는 한국·중국·일본·아랍어”</a>. 중앙일보. 2017년 12월 6일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8%EB%93%A4+%EB%B0%B0%EC%9A%B0%EA%B8%B0+%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%A5+%EC%96%B4%EB%A0%A4%EC%9A%B4+%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%94+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%C2%B7%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%C2%B7%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%C2%B7%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%96%B4&rft.date=2006-08-13&rft.au=%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%80%EC%A3%BC+%EA%B8%B0%EC%9E%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.joins.com%2Farticle%2F2417248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Koh Young-aah (2010년 7월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811161607/http://www.koreaherald.com/lifestyle/Detail.jsp?newsMLId%3D20100720000729">“More foreigners study Korean academically”</a> (영어). The Korean Herald. 2010년 8월 11일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.koreaherald.com/lifestyle/Detail.jsp?newsMLId%3D20100720000729">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 8월 5일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+foreigners+study+Korean+academically&rft.date=2010-07-20&rft.au=Koh+Young-aah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Flifestyle%2FDetail.jsp%3FnewsMLId%3D20100720000729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">이효석 (2019년 1월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20190118134400004">“한국어능력시험도 말하기 평가 만든다…2023년 본격 도입”</a>. 연합뉴스. 2019년 9월 22일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98%EB%8F%84+%EB%A7%90%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0+%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80+%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A0%EB%8B%A4%E2%80%A62023%EB%85%84+%EB%B3%B8%EA%B2%A9+%EB%8F%84%EC%9E%85&rft.date=2019-01-20&rft.au=%EC%9D%B4%ED%9A%A8%EC%84%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FAKR20190118134400004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.klpt.org">세계한국말인증시험 웹사이트</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610091212/http://www.klpt.org/">Archived</a> 2017년 6월 10일 - <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a> 2000년에 위원회를 발족한 세계한국말인증시험(KLPT)은 2001년부터 한글학회 주관하에 미주, 유럽, 동남아 등 40여 곳에서 시험을 시행해 왔다.</li> <li id="cite_note-dtimes20050316-50"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dtimes20050316_50-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">이택수 (2005년 6월 16일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dt.co.kr/contents.htm?article_no%3D2005031602010731671002">“한글 홈피 점유 4.1% 중국·일본어 이어 6위”</a>. <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8%ED%83%80%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="디지털타임스">디지털타임스</a>. 2011년 1월 10일에 확인함. <q>온라인에서의 언어 분포는 영어가 35.8%로 1위를 차지했고. 중국어가 14.1%, 일본어가 9.6%, 스페인어가 9%를 차지했으며, 한글은 독일어(7%)에 이어 4.1%로 6위에 올랐다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%ED%99%88%ED%94%BC+%EC%A0%90%EC%9C%A0+4.1%25+%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%C2%B7%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4+%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4+6%EC%9C%84&rft.date=2005-06-16&rft.au=%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%9D%EC%88%98&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dt.co.kr%2Fcontents.htm%3Farticle_no%3D2005031602010731671002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-un_worldpopulation2008-51"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-un_worldpopulation2008_51-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107202528/http://esa.un.org/unpp">“World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision”</a> (영어). <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 연합">국제 연합</a>. 2009. 2010년 1월 7일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://esa.un.org/unpp">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 1월 10일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2008+Revision&rft.pub=%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C+%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988">  해당 웹페이지의 지역 항목에서 'World'를 선택하면 조회 가능.</li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code%3Dkor">“Ethnologue - Korean”</a> (영어). <a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_SIL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="국제 SIL">Summer Institute of Linguistics</a>. 2011년 1월 10일에 확인함. <q>Population 42,000,000 in Korea, South (1986). Population total all countries: 66,305,890.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue+-+Korean&rft.pub=Summer+Institute+of+Linguistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Dkor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> 국립국어원, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.korean.go.kr/attachFile/viewer/201905/7fe221a2-da7b-4187-9e98-5d5d55642f9f_0.pdf.htm">2018년 국어기초어휘선정및어휘등급화연구</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> 국립국어원, 2004.12, '한국어 학습용 어휘 6,000 낱말'</li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">김철호 (2008년 1월 6일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/schooling/261322.html">“동사만으로도 말 되는 한국어”</a>. 한겨레. 2019년 9월 22일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EB%8F%99%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%8C%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%84+%EB%A7%90+%EB%90%98%EB%8A%94+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&rft.date=2008-01-06&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%EC%B2%A0%ED%98%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fsociety%2Fschooling%2F261322.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" 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href="https://ko-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> 2024년 11월 24일 (일) 11:46에 마지막으로 편집됨 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>언어</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B1%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7%25D1%2588%25D3%2599%25D0%25B0" title="Акореиа бызшәа – 압카즈어" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акореиа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="압카즈어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koreaans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanische_Sprache" title="Koreanische Sprache – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Koreanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25AE%25E1%2588%25AA%25E1%258B%25AD%25E1%258A%259B" title="ኮሪይኛ – 암하라어" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮሪይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="암하라어" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_coreano" title="Idioma coreano – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma coreano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कोरियाई भाषा – 앙가어" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कोरियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="앙가어" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="اللغة الكورية – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الكورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D9%2587_%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589" title="لغه كورى – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه كورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="কোৰীয় ভাষা – 아삼어" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কোৰীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="아삼어" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_coreanu" title="Idioma coreanu – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma coreanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कोरियाई भाषा – 아와히어" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कोरियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="아와히어" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_dili" title="Koreya dili – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Koreya dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="کوره دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوره دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Корей теле – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Корей теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kor%25C3%25A9a" title="Basa Koréa – 발리어" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Koréa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="발리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuoriej%25C4%2597itiu_kalba" title="Kuoriejėitiu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuoriejėitiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Koreano" title="Tataramon na Koreano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Koreano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Карэйская мова – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карэйская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Карэйская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карэйская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Корейски език – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корейски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="কোরীয় ভাষা – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোরীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaneg" title="Koreaneg – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Koreaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejski_jezik" title="Korejski jezik – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Korejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581_%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Солонгос хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Солонгос хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%25C3%25A0" title="Coreà – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coreà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C3%25A0ng-gu%25C3%25B3k-ng%25E1%25B9%25B3%25CC%2584" title="Hàng-guók-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hàng-guók-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2582" title="Корейхойн мотт – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Корейхойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinoreano" title="Kinoreano – 세부아노어" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kinoreano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="세부아노어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25AA%25E1%258E%25B5%25E1%258E%25A5" title="ᎪᎵᎥ – 체로키어" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎪᎵᎥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="체로키어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25DA%25A9%25DB%2586%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="زمانی کۆری – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی کۆری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore_tili" title="Kore tili – 크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kore tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%25C5%25A1tina" title="Korejština – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Korejština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25B2reja%25C5%2584sczi_j%25C3%25A3z%25C3%25ABk" title="Kòrejańsczi jãzëk – 카슈비아어" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòrejańsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="카슈비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreeg" title="Coreeg – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coreeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreansk_(sprog)" title="Koreansk (sprog) – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koreansk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanische_Sprache" title="Koreanische Sprache – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koreanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2586%25DE%25AE%25DE%2583%25DE%25AC%25DE%2594%25DE%25A7_%25DE%2584%25DE%25A6%25DE%2590%25DE%25B0" title="ކޮރެޔާ ބަސް – 디베히어" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކޮރެޔާ ބަސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="디베히어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CE%25BF%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CF%258E%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1" title="Κορεατική γλώσσα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κορεατική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Korean language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_lingvo" title="Korea lingvo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Korea lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_coreano" title="Idioma coreano – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma coreano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_keel" title="Korea keel – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korea keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreera" title="Koreera – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koreera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_coreana" title="Luenga coreana – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga coreana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C" title="زبان کره‌ای – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان کره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_kieli" title="Korean kieli – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korean kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_kiil" title="Korea kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Korea kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanskt_m%25C3%25A1l" title="Koreanskt mál – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Koreanskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%25C3%25A9en" title="Coréen – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coréen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans_spriak" title="Koreaans spriak – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Koreaans spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaansk" title="Koreaansk – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koreaansk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%25C3%25B3ir%25C3%25A9is" title="An Chóiréis – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chóiréis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%25AE%25AE%25E8%25A9%25B1" title="朝鮮話 – 간어" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="朝鮮話" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="간어" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_coreana" title="Lingua coreana – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua coreana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%25C3%25B1e%2527%25E1%25BA%25BD" title="Koreañe'ẽ – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Koreañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreeish" title="Koreeish – 맹크스어" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Koreeish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="맹크스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C3%25B2n-koet-ng%25C3%25AE" title="Hòn-koet-ngî – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hòn-koet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="קוריאנית – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוריאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कोरियाई भाषा – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोरियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_bhasa" title="Korean bhasa – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Korean bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejski_jezik" title="Korejski jezik – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Korejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587ina" title="Korejšćina – 고지 소르비아어" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Korejšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="고지 소르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_kore" title="Lang kore – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang kore" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreai_nyelv" title="Koreai nyelv – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koreai nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Կորեերեն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորեերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_corean" title="Lingua corean – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua corean" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Korea" title="Jaku Korea – 이반어" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Korea" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="이반어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Koreano" title="Pagsasao a Koreano – 이로코어" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Koreano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="이로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreana_linguo" title="Koreana linguo – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Koreana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25B3reska" title="Kóreska – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kóreska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_coreana" title="Lingua coreana – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua coreana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2591%25AF%25E1%2595%2586%25E1%2590%258A%25E1%2591%258E%25E1%2591%2590%25E1%2591%25A6" title="ᑯᕆᐊᑎᑐᑦ – 이눅티투트어" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑯᕆᐊᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="이눅티투트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%25AE%25AE%25E8%25AA%259E" title="朝鮮語 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kor%25C3%25A9a" title="Basa Koréa – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Koréa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590" title="კორეული ენა – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კორეული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreys_tili" title="Koreys tili – 카라칼파크어" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Koreys tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="카라칼파크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koorey%25C9%259B_k%25CA%258An%25CA%258A%25C5%258B" title="Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Korea" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596" title="Корей тілі – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Корей тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2597%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%25BC%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259F%2589%25E1%259F%2581" title="ភាសាកូរ៉េ – 크메르어" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាកូរ៉េ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="크메르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258A%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25A6_%25E0%25B2%25AD%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಕೊರಿಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊರಿಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%25B2%25DB%258C%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="کوریٲیی زبان – 카슈미르어" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کوریٲیی زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="카슈미르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%25C3%25AA_kor%25C3%25AAy%25C3%25AE" title="Zimanê korêyî – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê korêyî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2" title="Корея кыв – 코미어" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Корея кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="코미어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreek" title="Koreek – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Koreek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Корей тили – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Корей тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Coreana" title="Lingua Coreana – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Coreana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2587%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Корей чӀал – 레즈기안어" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Корей чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="레즈기안어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corean_(lingua)" title="Corean (lingua) – 링구아 프랑카 노바" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Corean (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="링구아 프랑카 노바" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Koreaans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259E%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25BB%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25AB%25E0%25BA%25BC%25E0%25BA%25B5" title="ພາສາເກົາຫຼີ – 라오어" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາເກົາຫຼີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="라오어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%25C4%2597jie%25C4%258Di%25C5%25B3_kalba" title="Korėjiečių kalba – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Korėjiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejie%25C5%25A1u_valoda" title="Korejiešu valoda – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korejiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_k%25C3%25B4reanina" title="Fiteny kôreanina – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kôreanina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B9%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5" title="Корей йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Корей йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_K%25C5%258Drea" title="Reo Kōrea – 마오리어" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Kōrea" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="마오리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Korea" title="Bahaso Korea – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Korea" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2598%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Корејски јазик – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корејски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258A%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%25BB_%25E0%25B4%25AD%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B7" title="കൊറിയൻ ഭാഷ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊറിയൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581_%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB" title="Солонгос хэл – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Солонгос хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2580%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%259F_%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – 마니푸리어" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="마니푸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कोरियन भाषा – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोरियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8" title="ကိုရီးယားဘာသာစကား – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုရီးယားဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Кореянь кель – 엘즈야어" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кореянь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="엘즈야어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C" title="کره‌ای – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کره‌ای" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_coreana" title="Lengua coreana – 나폴리어" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua coreana" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="나폴리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaansche_Spraak" title="Koreaansche Spraak – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Koreaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कोरियाली भाषा – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कोरियाली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कोरियन भाषा – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोरियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koreaans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreansk" title="Koreansk – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koreansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreansk" title="Koreansk – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koreansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corean" title="Corean – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corean" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3_%25C3%25A6%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3" title="Корейаг æвзаг – 오세트어" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Корейаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="오세트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%25A8_%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਕੋਰੀਅਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਰੀਅਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Koreanu" title="Amanung Koreanu – 팜팡가어" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Koreanu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="팜팡가어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C4%2599zyk_korea%25C5%2584ski" title="Język koreański – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język koreański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_corean" title="Lenga corean – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga corean" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C" title="کوریائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوریائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%258A_%25DA%2598%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587" title="کوريايي ژبه – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوريايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADngua_coreana" title="Língua coreana – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua coreana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuryu_simi" title="Kuryu simi – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kuryu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_coreean%25C4%2583" title="Limba coreeană – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba coreeană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Корейский язык – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Корейскый язык – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Корейскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कोरियालिभाषा – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोरियालिभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Кэриэй тыла – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэриэй тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25B3%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B1_%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4" title="ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 산탈리어" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="산탈리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_coreana" title="Limba coreana – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba coreana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_leid" title="Korean leid – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Korean leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreagiella" title="Koreagiella – 북부 사미어" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Koreagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="북부 사미어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejski_jezik" title="Korejski jezik – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Korejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%259C%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%2594_%25E0%25B6%25B7%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="කොරියානු භාෂාව – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොරියානු භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Korean language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25B3rej%25C4%258Dina" title="Kórejčina – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kórejčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Dina" title="Korejščina – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Korejščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%25CA%25BBa_Kolea" title="Faʻa Kolea – 사모아어" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Kolea" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="사모아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikoriya" title="Chikoriya – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chikoriya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_koreane" title="Gjuha koreane – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha koreane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2598%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Корејски језик – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Корејски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kor%25C3%25A9a" title="Basa Koréa – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Koréa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanska" title="Koreanska – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koreanska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikorea" title="Kikorea – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikorea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koryja%25C5%2584sk%25C5%258F_g%25C5%258Fdka" title="Koryjańskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Koryjańskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258A%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258A%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="கொரிய மொழி – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொரிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258A%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D_%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B7" title="కొరియన్ భాష – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొరియన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2591%25D3%25A3" title="Забони куриёӣ – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони куриёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A0%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B5" title="ภาษาเกาหลี – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเกาหลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore%25C3%25BD_dili" title="Koreý dili – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Koreý dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Koreano" title="Wikang Koreano – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Koreano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korej%25C9%2599_zyvon" title="Korejə zyvon – 탈리쉬어" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Korejə zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="탈리쉬어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Koria" title="Tok Koria – 토크 피신어" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Koria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="토크 피신어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korece" title="Korece – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korece" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Han-guk" title="Kari Han-guk – 타로코어" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Han-guk" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="타로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Корей теле – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корей теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="Көрей дыл – 투비니안어" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Көрей дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="투비니안어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="Корей кыл – 우드말트어" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Корей кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="우드말트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595%25DA%2586%25DB%2595" title="كورىيەچە – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كورىيەچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Корейська мова – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корейська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="کوریائی زبان – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوریائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreys_tili" title="Koreys tili – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koreys tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejan_kel%2527" title="Korejan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Korejan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%25E1%25BA%25BFng_H%25C3%25A0n_Qu%25E1%25BB%2591c" title="Tiếng Hàn Quốc – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hàn Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korey%25C3%25A4nap%25C3%25BCk" title="Koreyänapük – 볼라퓌크어" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Koreyänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="볼라퓌크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%25C3%25AAyin" title="Corêyin – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Corêyin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="왈론어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinoreano_nga_pinulongan" title="Kinoreano nga pinulongan – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kinoreano nga pinulongan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%259F%25A9%25E8%25AF%25AD" title="韩语 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="韩语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590" title="კორეული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კორეული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A2%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9" title="קארעיש – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארעיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B5%259C_%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B4%25BD%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B5%2594%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%259C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ – 표준 모로코 타마지트어" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="표준 모로코 타마지트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%25AE%25AE%25E8%25AA%259E" title="朝鮮語 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朝鮮語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%25AE%25AE%25E8%25AA%259E" title="朝鮮語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="朝鮮語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C3%25A2n-kok-g%25C3%25AD" title="Hân-kok-gí – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hân-kok-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%259F%2593%25E6%2596%2587" title="韓文 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="韓文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ko.svg" alt="위키백과" width="120" height="28" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.75em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">이 문서는 2024년 11월 24일 (일) 11:46에 마지막으로 편집되었습니다.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">별도로 명시하지 않은 경우, 내용은 <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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