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<span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">American Society of Anesthesiologists</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists.svg/220px-American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists.svg/330px-American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists.svg/440px-American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="125" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ASA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Professional association</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">"To raise and maintain the standards of the medical practice of anesthesiology and to improve patient care"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg, Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">57,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Ronald Harter, M.D., FASA <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.asahq.org">http://www.asahq.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>American Society of Anesthesiologists</b> (<b>ASA</b>) is an educational, research and scientific association of <a href="/wiki/Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Physicians">physicians</a> organized to raise the standards of the medical practice of <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiology</a> and to improve patient care. </p><p>As of 2023, the organization included more than 57,000 national and international members and has more than 100 full-time employees. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anesthesiology's roots date back to the mid-19th century. On March 30, 1842, <a href="/wiki/Crawford_Long" title="Crawford Long">Crawford Long</a>, M.D. administered the first ether anesthetic for surgery and operated to remove a tumor from a patient's neck. After the surgery, the patient revealed that he felt nothing and was not aware the surgery was over until he awoke. This was the start of a specialty critical to modern medicine, <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiology</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1905, nine physicians (from Long Island, N.Y.) organized the first professional anesthesia society. In 1911, the Society expanded to 23 members and became the New York Society of Anesthetists. Over the next 25 years, involvement in anesthesia-related issues grew and attracted other interested physicians nationwide. In 1936, the Society changed its name to the American Society of Anesthetists. In 1945, the organization moved to become the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). In 1960, the ASA established an Executive Office in <a href="/wiki/Park_Ridge,_Illinois" title="Park Ridge, Illinois">Park Ridge, Illinois</a> to meet growing membership and patient-care demands. In 2014, the ASA opened new headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Membership is open to holders of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a> (M.D.) or <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a> (D.O.) <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degrees</a> who are <a href="/wiki/Medical_license" title="Medical license">licensed</a> practitioners and have successfully completed a training program in anesthesiology approved by the <a href="/wiki/Accreditation_Council_for_Graduate_Medical_Education" title="Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education">Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education</a> (ACGME) or <a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Association" title="American Osteopathic Association">American Osteopathic Association</a> (AOA).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The ASA also maintains an active resident component, medical student component as well as an anesthesiologist assistant component. Non-physician providers of anesthesia care (anesthesiologist assistants, <a href="/wiki/Nurse_anesthetist" title="Nurse anesthetist">nurse anesthetists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentist" title="Dentist">dentist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veterinarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinarians">veterinarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_practice_registered_nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced practice registered nurse">APRNs</a>) can join as educational members.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ASA is governed by its House of Delegates. The House of Delegates is composed of ASA delegates and directors (designated by geographic distribution), ASA officers, all past presidents, the Editor-in-Chief of the journal, the chairs of all sections, the chair of the ASA delegation to the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a> House of Delegates and each member of the Resident Component Governing Council not to exceed five members and a non-voting member of the Medical Student component. The House of Delegates meets each year during the Society's Annual Meeting.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meetings">Meetings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meetings are held annually and are based on scientific progress in the anesthesiology fields.|<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Society publishes multiple academic resources in the following categories:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Practice Management</li> <li>Practice Parameters</li> <li>Continuing Education</li> <li>Patient Education</li> <li>Patient Safety/Risk Management and Quality Improvement</li> <li>Periodicals <ul><li>ASA Monitor (newsletter)|<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology_(journal)" title="Anesthesiology (journal)"><i>Anesthesiology</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>Physician Booklets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anesthesia_subspecialties">Anesthesia subspecialties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anesthesia subspecialties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While all anesthesiologists complete a minimum of eight years of medical training after college, some anesthesiologists have additional training (called a fellowship) in a specific area of anesthesiology. The ABA offers specific certifications in some of these areas. Anesthesiologists are not required to subspecialize, but many do focus on one area of care to further hone their expertise. These specialty areas include, but are not limited to:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Ambulatory Anesthesia</li> <li>Cardiac Anesthesia</li> <li>Critical Care Anesthesia</li> <li>Geriatric Anesthesia</li> <li>Neuroanesthesia</li> <li>Obstetric Anesthesia</li> <li>Pain Medicine</li> <li>Pediatric Anesthesia</li> <li>Perioperative Anesthesia</li> <li>Professional Issues</li> <li>Regional and Acute Anesthesia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahq.org/about-asa/governance-and-committees/asa-officers">"Officers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Officers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahq.org%2Fabout-asa%2Fgovernance-and-committees%2Fasa-officers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+of+Anesthesiologists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahq.org/about-asa/governance-and-committees/past-presidents">"Past Presidents"</a>. <i>www.asahq.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asahq.org&rft.atitle=Past+Presidents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahq.org%2Fabout-asa%2Fgovernance-and-committees%2Fpast-presidents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+of+Anesthesiologists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015033425/http://capitolwords.org/date/2014/07/29/E1265-3_commemorating-the-grand-opening-of-the-new-america/">"Commemorating The Grand Opening Of The New American Society Of Anesthesiologists Building In Schaumburg, Illinois"</a>. Capitol Words. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capitolwords.org/date/2014/07/29/E1265-3_commemorating-the-grand-opening-of-the-new-america/">the original</a> on 2014-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemorating+The+Grand+Opening+Of+The+New+American+Society+Of+Anesthesiologists+Building+In+Schaumburg%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Capitol+Words&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcapitolwords.org%2Fdate%2F2014%2F07%2F29%2FE1265-3_commemorating-the-grand-opening-of-the-new-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+of+Anesthesiologists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahq.org/member-center/membership-eligibility">"American Society of Anesthesiologists - Membership Eligibility"</a>. <i>www.asahq.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asahq.org&rft.atitle=American+Society+of+Anesthesiologists+-+Membership+Eligibility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahq.org%2Fmember-center%2Fmembership-eligibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+of+Anesthesiologists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahq.org/annualmeeting">"ANESTHESIOLOGY Annual Meeting"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANESTHESIOLOGY+Annual+Meeting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahq.org%2Fannualmeeting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+of+Anesthesiologists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines">"ASA Standards and Guidelines"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASA+Standards+and+Guidelines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahq.org%2Fstandards-and-guidelines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+of+Anesthesiologists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.asahq.org/monitor">"ASA Monitor"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASA+Monitor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.asahq.org%2Fmonitor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+of+Anesthesiologists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthesia" title="General anaesthesia">General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sedation" title="Sedation">Sedation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_sedation_and_analgesia" title="Procedural sedation and analgesia">Procedural sedation and analgesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twilight_anesthesia" title="Twilight anesthesia">Twilight anesthesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthesia" title="Local anesthesia">Local</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_wound_infiltration" title="Continuous wound infiltration">Continuous wound infiltration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical_anesthetic" title="Topical anesthetic">Topical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuraxial_blockade" title="Neuraxial blockade">Neuraxial blockade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_spinal_and_epidural_anaesthesia" title="Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia">Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidural_administration" title="Epidural administration">Epidural anesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_anaesthesia" title="Spinal anaesthesia">Spinal anaesthesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_block" title="Nerve block">Nerve block</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus_block" title="Brachial plexus block">Brachial plexus block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascia_iliaca_block" title="Fascia iliaca block">Fascia iliaca block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_nerve_block" title="Femoral nerve block">Femoral nerve block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_alveolar_nerve_anaesthesia" title="Inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia">Inferior alveolar nerve block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_nerve_block" title="Intercostal nerve block">Intercostal nerve block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpleural_block" title="Interpleural block">Interpleural block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_regional_anesthesia" title="Intravenous regional anesthesia">Intravenous regional anesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_nerve_block" title="Occipital nerve block">Occipital nerve block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracervical_block" title="Paracervical block">Paracervical block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudendal_anesthesia" title="Pudendal anesthesia">Pudendal nerve block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrobulbar_block" title="Retrobulbar block">Retrobulbar block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciatic_nerve_block" title="Sciatic nerve block">Sciatic nerve block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_abdominis_plane_block" title="Transverse abdominis plane block">Transverse abdominis plane block</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_intravenous_anaesthesia" title="Total intravenous anaesthesia">Total intravenous anaesthesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pharmacologic agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">Anticholinergics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiemetic" title="Antiemetic">Antiemetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyrophenone" title="Butyrophenone">Butyrophenones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_benzodiazepines" title="List of benzodiazepines">Benzodiazepines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_anesthetics" title="Category:General anesthetics">General anesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhalational_anesthetic" title="Inhalational anesthetic">Inhalational anesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_local_anesthetics" title="List of local anesthetics">Local anesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drug" title="Neuromuscular-blocking drug">Neuromuscular-blocking drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_opioids" title="List of opioids">Opioids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sedatives" title="Category:Sedatives">Sedatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airway_management" title="Airway management">Airway management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesia_provision_in_the_United_States" title="Anesthesia provision in the United States">Anesthesia provision in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchoscopy" title="Bronchoscopy">Bronchoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogliotti%27s_principle" title="Dogliotti's principle">Dogliotti's principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">Intravenous therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngoscopy" title="Laryngoscopy">Laryngoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheal_intubation" title="Tracheal intubation">Tracheal intubation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_sequence_induction" title="Rapid sequence induction">Rapid sequence induction</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientific principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93gas_partition_coefficient" title="Blood–gas partition coefficient">Blood–gas partition coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentration_effect" title="Concentration effect">Concentration effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fink_effect" title="Fink effect">Fink effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_alveolar_concentration" title="Minimum alveolar concentration">Minimum alveolar concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_gas_effect" title="Second gas effect">Second gas effect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASA_physical_status_classification_system" title="ASA physical status classification system">ASA physical status classification system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricity" title="Baricity">Baricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bispectral_index" title="Bispectral index">Bispectral index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_mass_index" title="Body mass index">Body mass index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capnography" title="Capnography">Capnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_monitoring" title="Entropy monitoring">Entropy monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fick_principle" title="Fick principle">Fick principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldman index">Goldman index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guedel%27s_classification" title="Guedel's classification">Guedel's classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraoperative_neurophysiological_monitoring" title="Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring">Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallampati_score" title="Mallampati score">Mallampati score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_monitoring" title="Neuromuscular monitoring">Neuromuscular monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_scale" title="Pain scale">Pain scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyromental_distance" title="Thyromental distance">Thyromental distance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instruments_used_in_anesthesiology" title="Instruments used in anesthesiology">Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaesthetic_machine" title="Anaesthetic machine">Anaesthetic machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthetic_vaporizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anesthetic vaporizer">Anesthetic vaporizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arterial_catheter" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterial catheter">Arterial catheter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchial_blocker" title="Bronchial blocker">Bronchial blocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-lumen_endobronchial_tube" title="Double-lumen endobronchial tube">Double-lumen endobronchial tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_mask_airway" title="Laryngeal mask airway">Laryngeal mask airway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_tube" title="Laryngeal tube">Laryngeal tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magill_forceps" title="Magill forceps">Magill forceps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_analgesia_machine" title="Relative analgesia machine">Relative analgesia machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheal_tube" title="Tracheal tube">Tracheal tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allergic_reactions_to_anesthesia" title="Allergic reactions to anesthesia">Allergic reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesia_awareness" title="Anesthesia awareness">Anesthesia awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug-induced_amnesia" title="Drug-induced amnesia">Drug-induced amnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_early-life_exposures_to_anesthesia_on_the_brain" title="Effects of early-life exposures to anesthesia on the brain">Effects of early-life exposures to anesthesia on the brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergence_delirium" title="Emergence delirium">Emergence delirium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic_toxicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Local anesthetic toxicity">Local anesthetic toxicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malignant_hyperthermia" title="Malignant hyperthermia">Malignant hyperthermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perioperative_mortality" title="Perioperative mortality">Perioperative mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postanesthetic_shivering" title="Postanesthetic shivering">Postanesthetic shivering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting" title="Postoperative nausea and vomiting">Postoperative nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postoperative_residual_curarization" title="Postoperative residual curarization">Postoperative residual curarization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subspecialties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_anesthesiology" title="Cardiothoracic anesthesiology">Cardiothoracic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_emergency_medicine" title="Critical emergency medicine">Critical emergency medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatric_anesthesia" title="Geriatric anesthesia">Geriatric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology" title="Obstetric anesthesiology">Obstetric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sedation_dentistry" title="Oral sedation dentistry">Oral sedation dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain medicine">Pain medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anesthesiologist">Anesthesiologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiologist_assistant" class="mw-redirect" title="Anesthesiologist assistant">Anesthesiologist assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse_anesthetist" title="Nurse anesthetist">Nurse anesthetist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_department_practitioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating department practitioners">Operating department practitioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_anesthesia_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Certified anesthesia technician">Certified anesthesia technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_anesthesia_technologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Certified anesthesia technologist">Certified anesthesia technologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaesthetic_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaesthetic technician">Anaesthetic technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians%27_assistant_(anaesthesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Physicians' assistant (anaesthesia)">Physicians' assistant (anaesthesia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACE_mixture" title="ACE mixture">ACE mixture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helsinki_Declaration_for_Patient_Safety_in_Anaesthesiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology (page does not exist)">Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_general_anesthesia" title="History of general anesthesia">History of general anesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_neuraxial_anesthesia" title="History of neuraxial anesthesia">History of neuraxial anesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tracheal_intubation" title="History of tracheal intubation">History of tracheal intubation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Nurse_Anesthetists" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association of Nurse Anesthetists">American Association of Nurse Anesthetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Anesthesia_Technologists_%26_Technicians" title="American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians">American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Society of Anesthesiologists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaesthesia_Trauma_and_Critical_Care&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care (page does not exist)">Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Anaesthetists_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland">Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Anaesthetists" title="Royal College of Anaesthetists">Royal College of Anaesthetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Veterinary_Anaesthetists" title="Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists">Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Anaesthetists" title="Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists">Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Society_of_Anaesthetists" title="Australian Society of Anaesthetists">Australian Society of Anaesthetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anesthesia_Research_Society" title="International Anesthesia Research Society">International Anesthesia Research Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Society_of_Anaesthesiology_and_Intensive_Care" title="European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care">European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anesthesiology" title="Category:Anesthesiology">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anesthesia" title="Outline of anesthesia">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154226932">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50065773">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="American Society of Anesthesiologists"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20020124927&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007331177405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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