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<li id="toc-Size_change_over_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size_change_over_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Size change over time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size_change_over_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation_and_preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation_and_preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Preparation and preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation_and_preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_York_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>New York style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montreal_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montreal_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Montreal style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montreal_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Louis_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Louis_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>St. Louis style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Louis_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_bagel_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_bagel_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Other bagel styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_bagel_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-traditional_doughs_and_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-traditional_doughs_and_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Non-traditional doughs and types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-traditional_doughs_and_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Large_scale_commercial_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Large_scale_commercial_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Large scale commercial sales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Large_scale_commercial_sales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Large scale commercial sales subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Large_scale_commercial_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_supermarket_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_supermarket_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>United States supermarket sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_supermarket_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_breads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_breads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Similar breads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_breads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bagel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93agel" title="Bēagel – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bēagel" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%84" title="بايغل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بايغل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagu%C3%A8l" title="Baguèl – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Baguèl" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyql" title="Beyql – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beyql" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Бейгъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бейгъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beigl" title="Beigl – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Beigl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Μπέγκελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπέγκελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagelo" title="Bagelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bagelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%84" title="بیگل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیگل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EA%B8%80" title="베이글 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이글" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beygla" title="Beygla – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Beygla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9A" title="כעך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כעך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didriestainis" title="Didriestainis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didriestainis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84" title="بايجل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بايجل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB" title="ベーグル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベーグル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajgiel" title="Bajgiel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bajgiel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%BB" title="Бейгл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бейгл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B3%D0%BB" title="Бејгл – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бејгл" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesirinkeli" title="Vesirinkeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vesirinkeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="เบเกิล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบเกิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bagel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%BB" title="Бейгл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бейгл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a 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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ring-shaped bread product</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bagel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bagel (disambiguation)">Bagel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Bagel</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagel_with_sesame_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bagel_with_sesame_3.jpg/220px-Bagel_with_sesame_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bagel_with_sesame_3.jpg/330px-Bagel_with_sesame_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bagel_with_sesame_3.jpg/440px-Bagel_with_sesame_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Sesame bagel</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Bajgiel, beigel, beygl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Bread</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Associated <a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">cuisine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data author"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Poland">Jewish communities of Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">Room temperature</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Wheat dough</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal-style bagel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizza_bagel" title="Pizza bagel">pizza bagel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagel_toast" title="Bagel toast">bagel toast</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bagels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bagels">Media: Bagel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>bagel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">בײגל</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">beygl</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">bajgiel</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈbajɡʲɛl]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/52\/LL-Q809_%28pol%29-Olaf-bajgiel.wav\/LL-Q809_%28pol%29-Olaf-bajgiel.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-bajgiel.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/LL-Q809_%28pol%29-Olaf-bajgiel.wav/LL-Q809_%28pol%29-Olaf-bajgiel.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-bajgiel.wav" title="File:LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-bajgiel.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; also spelled <b>beigel</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Bread_roll" title="Bread roll">bread roll</a> originating in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Jewish communities of Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-balinska2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balinska2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagels are traditionally made from <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeasted</a> <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> dough that is shaped by hand into a <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a> or ring, briefly <a href="/wiki/Boiling_in_cooking" class="mw-redirect" title="Boiling in cooking">boiled</a> in water, and then baked. The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior. </p><p>Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust—traditional choices include <a href="/wiki/Poppy" title="Poppy">poppy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> seeds—or with <a href="/wiki/Salt#Edible_salt" title="Salt">salt</a> grains. Different dough types include whole-grain and rye.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Book_of_Jewish_Food_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Book_of_Jewish_Food-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basic roll-with-a-hole design, hundreds of years old, allows even cooking and baking of the dough; it also allows groups of bagels to be gathered on a string or dowel for handling, transportation, and retail display.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known mention of a boiled-then-baked ring-shaped bread can be found in a 13th-century Syrian cookbook, where they are referred to as <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ak" title="Ka'ak">ka'ak</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagel-like bread known as <a href="/wiki/Obwarzanek_krakowski" title="Obwarzanek krakowski">obwarzanek</a> was common earlier in Poland as seen in royal family accounts from 1394.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagels have been widely associated with <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> since the 17th century; they were first mentioned in 1610 in Jewish community ordinances in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-balinska2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balinska2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bagels are now a popular bread product in North America and Poland, especially in cities with a large <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-balinska2008_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balinska2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagels are also sold (fresh or frozen, often in many flavors) in supermarkets. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Linguist <a href="/wiki/Leo_Rosten" title="Leo Rosten">Leo Rosten</a> wrote in <i>The Joys of Yiddish</i> about the first known mention of the Polish word <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">bajgiel</i></span> derived from the Yiddish word <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">bagel</i></span> in the "Community Regulations" of the city of <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> in 1610, which stated that the food was given as a gift to women in childbirth.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some evidence that the bagel may have been derived from <a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">pretzels</a> made in Germany brought by immigrants to Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-balinska2008_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balinska2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 16th and first half of the 17th centuries, the <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">bajgiel</i></span> became a staple of <a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name derives from the Yiddish word <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">beygal</i></span> from the German dialect word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beugel</i></span>, meaning 'ring' or 'bracelet'.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Variants of the word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beugal</i></span> are used in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Austrian_German" title="Austrian German">Austrian German</a> to refer to a similar form of sweet-filled pastry; <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mohnbeugel</i></span>, a pastry filled with <a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">poppy seeds</a>, and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Nussbeugel</i></span>, a pastry filled with ground nuts. The term is also used in southern German dialects, where <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beuge</i></span> refers to a pile, e.g., <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">holzbeuge</i></span> ('woodpile'). According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, <i>bagel</i> derives from the transliteration of the Yiddish <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">beygl</i></span>, which came from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> <span title="Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text"><i lang="gmh">böugel</i></span> or 'ring', which itself came from <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">bouc</i></span> ('ring') in <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">bēag</i></span> ('ring') and <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">būgan</i></span> ('to bend, bow').<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, another <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> in the Webster's New World College Dictionary says that the Middle High German form was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_German" title="Austrian German">Austrian German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beugel</i></span>, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">croissant</a>, and was similar to the German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">bügel</i></span>, a stirrup or ring.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane" title="Brick Lane">Brick Lane</a> district and surrounding area of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, bagels (locally spelled "beigels") have been sold since the middle of the 19th century. They were often displayed in the windows of bakeries on vertical wooden dowels, up to a metre in length, on racks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:*this*_is_a_bagel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%2Athis%2A_is_a_bagel.jpg/250px-%2Athis%2A_is_a_bagel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%2Athis%2A_is_a_bagel.jpg/330px-%2Athis%2A_is_a_bagel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%2Athis%2A_is_a_bagel.jpg/500px-%2Athis%2A_is_a_bagel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Bagels with <a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">cream cheese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">lox (cured salmon)</a> are considered a traditional part of American <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a> (colloquially known as "lox and a <i>schmear</i>").</figcaption></figure> <p>Bagels were brought to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> by immigrant Polish Jews, with a thriving business developing in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> that was controlled for decades by <a href="/wiki/Bagel_Bakers_Local_338" title="Bagel Bakers Local 338">Bagel Bakers Local 338</a>. They had contracts with nearly all bagel bakeries in and around the city for its workers, who prepared all their bagels by hand.<sup id="cite_ref-levineNYT31dec2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levineNYT31dec2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bagel came into more general use throughout <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> in the last quarter of the 20th century with automation. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Thompson_(inventor)" title="Daniel Thompson (inventor)">Daniel Thompson</a> started work on the first commercially viable <a href="/wiki/Bagel_machine" title="Bagel machine">bagel machine</a> in 1958; bagel baker <a href="/wiki/Lender%27s_Bagels" title="Lender's Bagels">Harry Lender</a>, his son, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Lender" title="Murray Lender">Murray Lender</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Florence_Sender" title="Florence Sender">Florence Sender</a> leased this technology and pioneered automated production and distribution of frozen bagels in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wp_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murray also invented pre-slicing the bagel.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1900, the "bagel brunch" became popular in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Adamson_Segan_2008_p._94_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamson_Segan_2008_p._94-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bagel brunch consists of a bagel topped with <a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">lox</a>, cream cheese, <a href="/wiki/Caper" title="Caper">capers</a>, tomato, and red onion.<sup id="cite_ref-Adamson_Segan_2008_p._94_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamson_Segan_2008_p._94-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This and similar combinations of toppings have remained associated with bagels into the 21st century in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the first kosher bagels were brought by <a href="/w/index.php?title=BagelK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BagelK (page does not exist)">BagelK</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%ABK" class="extiw" title="ja:ベーグルK">ja</a>]</span> from New York in 1989. BagelK created green tea, chocolate, maple-nut, and banana-nut flavors for the market in Japan. Some Japanese bagels, such as those sold by <a href="/w/index.php?title=BAGEL_%26_BAGEL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAGEL & BAGEL (page does not exist)">BAGEL & BAGEL</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAGEL_%26_BAGEL" class="extiw" title="ja:BAGEL & BAGEL">ja</a>]</span>, are soft and sweet; others, such as <a href="/wiki/Einstein_Bros._Bagels" title="Einstein Bros. Bagels">Einstein Bros. bagels</a> sold by <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a> in Japan, are the same as in the U.S.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size_change_over_time">Size change over time</h3></div> <p>Bagels in the U.S. have increased in size over time. Starting at around 2 ounces (60 g),<sup id="cite_ref-blaseyNEWSDAY2aug2018_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blaseyNEWSDAY2aug2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by 1915, the average bagel weighed 3 ounces (90 g);<sup id="cite_ref-levineNYT31dec2003_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levineNYT31dec2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the size began to increase further in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-blaseyNEWSDAY2aug2018_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blaseyNEWSDAY2aug2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2003, the average bagel sold on a Manhattan coffee cart weighed around 6 ounces (170 g).<sup id="cite_ref-levineNYT31dec2003_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levineNYT31dec2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_and_preservation">Preparation and preservation</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bagel" title="Special:EditPage/Bagel">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MontrealBagels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/MontrealBagels.jpg/250px-MontrealBagels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/MontrealBagels.jpg/330px-MontrealBagels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/MontrealBagels.jpg/500px-MontrealBagels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Saturday morning bagel queue at <a href="/wiki/St-Viateur_Bagel" title="St-Viateur Bagel">St-Viateur Bagel</a>, Montreal, Quebec</figcaption></figure> <p>At its most basic, traditional bagel dough contains wheat flour (without <a href="/wiki/Cereal_germ" title="Cereal germ">germ</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">bran</a>), salt, water, and <a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast" title="Baker's yeast">yeast</a> <a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">leavening</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wheat_flour#United_States" title="Wheat flour">Bread flour</a> or other high <a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">gluten</a> flours are preferred to create the firm, dense but spongy bagel shape and chewy texture.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a <a href="/wiki/Baker_percentage#Dough_hydration" title="Baker percentage">dough hydration</a> of around 50–57%, bagel dough is among the stiffest bread doughs.<sup id="cite_ref-stellaculinary.com_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stellaculinary.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most bagel recipes call for the addition of a sweetener to the dough, often <a href="/wiki/Barley_malt" class="mw-redirect" title="Barley malt">barley malt</a> (syrup or crystals), honey, <a href="/wiki/High_fructose_corn_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="High fructose corn syrup">high fructose corn syrup</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, with or without eggs, milk or butter.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leavening can be accomplished using a <a href="/wiki/Sourdough" title="Sourdough">sourdough</a> technique or a commercially produced yeast. </p><p>Bagels are traditionally made by: </p> <ul><li>mixing and kneading the ingredients to form the dough</li> <li>shaping the dough into the traditional bagel shape, round with a hole in the middle, from a long thin piece of dough</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proofing_(baking_technique)" title="Proofing (baking technique)">proofing</a> the bagels for at least 12 hours at low temperature (40–50 °F (4–10 °C))</li> <li>boiling each bagel for 60–90 seconds in water that may contain additives such as <a href="/wiki/Lye" title="Lye">lye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baking_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Baking soda">baking soda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley_malt_syrup" title="Barley malt syrup">barley malt syrup</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a></li> <li>baking at a temperature between 347–599 °F (175–315 °C)</li></ul> <p>This production method gives bagels their distinctive taste, chewy texture, and shiny appearance. </p><p>In recent years, a variant has emerged, producing what is sometimes called the steam bagel. To make a steam bagel, the boiling is skipped, and the bagels are instead baked in an oven equipped with a steam injection system.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In commercial bagel production, the steam bagel process requires less labor, since bagels need only be directly handled once, at the shaping stage. Thereafter, the bagels need never be removed from their pans as they are refrigerated and then steam-baked. The steam bagel results in a fluffier, softer, less chewy product more akin to a <a href="/wiki/Bread_roll" title="Bread roll">finger roll</a> that happens to be shaped like a bagel. The dough used is intentionally more <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">alkaline</a> to aid browning, because the steam injection process uses neutral water steam instead of an alkaline solution bath.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bagels can be frozen for up to six months.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quality">Quality</h2></div> <p>According to a 2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports" title="Consumer Reports">Consumer Reports</a></i> article, the ideal bagel should have a slightly crispy crust, a distinct "pull" when a piece is separated from the whole by biting or pinching, a chewy inside, and the flavor of bread freshly baked. The taste may be complemented by additions cooked on the bagel, such as onion, garlic, sesame seeds, or poppy seeds. The appeal of a bagel may change upon being toasted. Toasting can have the effect of bringing or removing desirable chewiness, softening the crust, and moderating off-flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_2012_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_2012-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally New Yorkers do not toast bagels; they argue that if a bagel is well made and fresh it should never be toasted.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some New York City bagel shops, like Murray's in Chelsea and Ess-a-Bagel at 21st and Third Avenue, have had no-toasting policies.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toasting of bagels in New York City is considered a bastardization<sup id="cite_ref-:5_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sacrilege.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i> food critic <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Sheraton" title="Mimi Sheraton">Mimi Sheraton</a> called the practice of eating toasted bagels obscene.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A typical<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="context needed: how much does this "typical" bagel weigh? (February 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> bagel has 260–350 kcal (1,100–1,500 kJ), 1.0–4.5 grams of fat, 330–660 milligrams of sodium, and 2–5 grams of fiber. Gluten-free bagels have much more fat, often 9 grams, because of ingredients in the dough to supplant the wheat flour of the original.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_2012_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_2012-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_style">New York style</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_style_bagel" class="mw-redirect" title="New York style bagel">New York style bagel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%26H_Bagel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Storefront of H&H Bagel, awning at door and signage above reads "H&H Bagel - Like no other in the world."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/H%26H_Bagel.JPG/250px-H%26H_Bagel.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/H%26H_Bagel.JPG/330px-H%26H_Bagel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/H%26H_Bagel.JPG/500px-H%26H_Bagel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>H&H Bagel, Broadway and W 80th St, New York City.</figcaption></figure> <p>The New York bagel contains malt, is cold-fermented for several days to develop the flavors and enhance the crust, and is boiled in salted water before baking in a standard oven.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting bagel has a fluffy interior and a chewy crust. According to CNN, Brooklynites believe New York bagels are the best due to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_water_supply_system" title="New York City water supply system">the quality of the local water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Brooklyn Water Bagels CEO Steven Fassberg, the characteristics of a New York bagel are the result of the recipe formula and preparation method.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montreal_style">Montreal style</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal-style bagel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagels-Montreal-REAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bagels-Montreal-REAL.jpg/250px-Bagels-Montreal-REAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bagels-Montreal-REAL.jpg/500px-Bagels-Montreal-REAL.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>Three <a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal-style bagels</a>: one <a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">poppy</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seed">sesame</a> bagels</figcaption></figure> <p>Different from the New York style, the Montreal-style bagel contains <a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">malt</a> and sugar with no salt; it is boiled in honey-sweetened water before baking in a wood-fired oven. It is predominantly of the <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> "white" seeds variety (bagels in <a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto, Ontario">Toronto</a> are similar to those made in New York in that they are less sweet, generally are coated with poppy seeds and are baked in a standard oven).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St._Louis_style">St. Louis style</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> style bagel refers not to composition, but to a particular method of slicing the bagel.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The St. Louis style bagels are sliced vertically multiple times, instead of the traditional single horizontal slice.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slices range from 3 to 6 mm (0.12 to 0.24 in) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This style of bagel was popularized by the St. Louis Bread Company, now known as <a href="/wiki/Panera_Bread" title="Panera Bread">Panera Bread</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, the bagels are sliced into eight pieces using a <a href="/wiki/Bread_slicer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread slicer">bread slicer</a>, which produces characteristically precise cuts (the bagel is not torn or crushed while slicing).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This particular method of preparation increases the surface area available for <a href="/wiki/Spread_(food)" title="Spread (food)">spreads</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">cream cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it decreases the portability of the bagel and prevents formation of <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwiches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_bagel_styles">Other bagel styles</h3></div> <p>Other bagel styles can be found elsewhere; <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>-style bagels are baked with steam. American chef <a href="/wiki/John_Mitzewich" title="John Mitzewich">John Mitzewich</a> has a recipe for what he calls San Francisco-style bagels which yields bagels flatter than New York-style bagels, characterized by a rough-textured crust. The traditional <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> bagel (or beigel as it is sometimes spelled) is chewier and has a denser texture. </p><p>In Austria, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beigl</i></span> (often also spelled <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beigerl</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beugerl</i></span> in its diminutive form) are a traditional <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lenten</a> food. The rings are made from a yeasted dough, rolled out very thin and briefly boiled in salted water before topped with salt and caraway seeds and then baked. Depending on the region, they are sometimes baked to a very hard consistency, making them relatively brittle. Connected with it is the tradition of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Beiglreißen</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">ripping/tearing the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beigl</i></span></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) at Easter where two people pull on opposite ends of a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beigl</i></span> until it breaks into two pieces. Tearing off the larger piece is meant to bring good luck.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Eastern <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burgenland" title="Burgenland">Burgenland</a>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beugerl</i></span> has taken on the meaning of certain types of <a href="/wiki/Kipferl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kipferl">kipferl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-traditional_doughs_and_types">Non-traditional doughs and types</h2></div> <p>While normally and traditionally made of <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeasted</a> <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, in the late 20th century variations on the bagel flourished. Non-traditional versions that change the dough recipe include <a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel" title="Pumpernickel">pumpernickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sourdough" title="Sourdough">sourdough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">bran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whole_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole wheat">whole wheat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Multigrain_bread" title="Multigrain bread">multigrain</a>. Other variations change the flavor of the dough, often using <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt#Edible_salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">egg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_chip" title="Chocolate chip">chocolate chip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, or some combination of the above. Green bagels are sometimes created for <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Day">St. Patrick's Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A flat bagel, known as a 'flagel', can be found in a few locations in and around New York City, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, and Toronto. According to a review attributed to New York's <i><a href="/wiki/Village_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Voice">Village Voice</a></i> food critic Robert Seitsema, the flagel was first created by <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn's</a> 'Tasty Bagels' <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">deli</a> in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Large_scale_commercial_sales">Large scale commercial sales</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_supermarket_sales">United States supermarket sales</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagel-Plain-Alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bagel-Plain-Alt.jpg/220px-Bagel-Plain-Alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bagel-Plain-Alt.jpg/330px-Bagel-Plain-Alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bagel-Plain-Alt.jpg/440px-Bagel-Plain-Alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2580" /></a><figcaption>Mass-produced steamed bagel purchased from a grocery store.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Baking" class="mw-redirect" title="American Institute of Baking">American Institute of Baking</a> (AIB), 2008 supermarket sales (52-week period ending January 27, 2009) of the top eight leading commercial fresh (not frozen) bagel brands in the United States: </p> <ul><li>totaled to US$430,185,378 based on 142,669,901 package unit sales.<sup id="cite_ref-AIB_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIB-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the top eight leading brand names for the above were (by order of sales): <a href="/wiki/Thomas%27" title="Thomas'">Thomas'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation" title="Sara Lee Corporation">Sara Lee</a>, private label brands, <a href="/wiki/Pepperidge_Farm" title="Pepperidge Farm">Pepperidge Farm</a>, Thomas Mini Squares, <a href="/wiki/Lender%27s_Bagels" title="Lender's Bagels">Lender's Bagels</a> (Pinnacle Foods), Weight Watchers and The Alternative Bagel (Western Bagel).<sup id="cite_ref-AIB_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIB-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Further, AIB-provided statistics for the 52-week period ending May 18, 2008, for refrigerated/frozen supermarket bagel sales for the top 10 brand names totaled US$50,737,860, based on 36,719,977 unit package sales.<sup id="cite_ref-AIB2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIB2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AIB reported US$626.9 million fresh bagel US supermarket sales (excluding Wal-Mart) for the 52 weeks ending 11 April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-AIBO_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIBO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fresh/frozen supermarket sales (excluding Wal-Mart) for the 52 weeks ending 13 May 2012 was US$592.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-AIBO_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIBO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average price for a bag of fresh bagels was $3.27; for frozen it was $1.23.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_breads">Similar breads</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bublik_in_Kiev_with_Sesame.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bublik_in_Kiev_with_Sesame.JPG/250px-Bublik_in_Kiev_with_Sesame.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bublik_in_Kiev_with_Sesame.JPG/330px-Bublik_in_Kiev_with_Sesame.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bublik_in_Kiev_with_Sesame.JPG/500px-Bublik_in_Kiev_with_Sesame.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="2028" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian <i>bublik</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Many cultures developed similar breads and preparations, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Bublik" title="Bublik">bubliki</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, and <i>obwarzanek</i> (in particular <i><a href="/wiki/Obwarzanek_krakowski" title="Obwarzanek krakowski">obwarzanek krakowski</a></i>) in Poland. Somewhat similar in appearance to bagels, these breads are usually topped with sesame and poppy seeds. The ingredients in these breads and bagels somewhat differ, as these breads are made with a different dough using <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sometimes also with milk.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Italy, <i><a href="/wiki/Taralli" title="Taralli">taralli</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friselle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friselle (page does not exist)">friselle</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisella" class="extiw" title="it:Frisella">it</a>]</sup></i> are breads similar to bagels. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, a salty and fattier form is called <i>açma</i>. The ring-shaped <a href="/wiki/Simit" title="Simit">simit</a> is sometimes marketed today as a Turkish bagel. Archival sources show that the <i>simit</i> has been produced in Istanbul since 1525.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on Üsküdar court records (Şer’iyye Sicili) dated 1593,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the weight and price of simit was standardized for the first time. Noted 17th-century traveler <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a> wrote that there were 70 simit bakeries in Istanbul during the 1630s.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jean Brindesi's early 19th-century oil paintings about Istanbul daily life show simit sellers on the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Goble" title="Warwick Goble">Warwick Goble</a> made an illustration of the simit sellers of Istanbul in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simit is very similar to the twisted sesame-sprinkled bagels pictured being sold in early 20th century Poland. <i>Simit</i> are also sold on the street in baskets or carts, as bagels were then.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghurs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> enjoy <i>girdeh nan</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, meaning round bread), a type of <a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">nan</a>, the local bread.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another bagel-like type of bread is the traditional German <i>Dortmunder Salzkuchen</i> from the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ka'ak al-Quds (better known in English as the Jerusalem bagel) is an oblong ring bread, usually topped with sesame seeds, with its origins in Jerusalem. Unlike the bagel, it is not boiled prior to baking.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2></div> <p>"Bagel" is also a <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a> term for sleeping 12 hours straight—e.g., "I slept a bagel last night." There are various opinions as to the origins of this term. It may be a reference to the fact that bagel dough has to "rest" for at least 12 hours between mixing and baking<sup id="cite_ref-balinska2008_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balinska2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4–5">: 4–5 </span></sup> or simply to the fact that the hour hand on a clock traces a bagel shape over the course of 12 hours.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In tennis, a "<a href="/wiki/Bagel_(tennis)" title="Bagel (tennis)">bagel</a>" refers to a player winning a set 6–0; winning a match 6–0, 6–0, 6–0 is called a "triple bagel".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<i><a href="/wiki/Bublichki_(song)" title="Bublichki (song)">Bublichki</a></i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> or "<i>Bagelach</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> is a title of a famous Russian and Yiddish song written in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> in the 1920s. <a href="/wiki/The_Barry_Sisters" title="The Barry Sisters">The Barry Sisters</a> together with the <a href="/wiki/Ziggy_Elman" title="Ziggy Elman">Ziggy Elman Orchestra</a> made it popular in the US in 1939. Today it belongs to the repertoire of <a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">klezmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and pop musicians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term "bageling" refers to when a Jew uses a Jewish word or phrase in a conversation, or in the vicinity of a stranger who is also clearly Jewish, in order to inform them that they are also Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bagel is a major plot device in the 2022 science-fiction film <i><a href="/wiki/Everything_Everywhere_All_at_Once" title="Everything Everywhere All at Once">Everything Everywhere All at Once</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/40px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/60px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appetizing_store" title="Appetizing store">Appetizing store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_and_cream_cheese" title="Bagel and cream cheese">Bagel and cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialy_(bread)" title="Bialy (bread)">Bialy (bread)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_bagel" title="Pizza bagel">Pizza bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pletzel" title="Pletzel">Pletzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simit" title="Simit">Simit</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/beigel?r=66">"Definition: Beigel"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014734/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/beigel?r=66">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Definition%3A+Beigel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fbeigel%3Fr%3D66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balinska2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-balinska2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-balinska2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-balinska2008_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-balinska2008_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-balinska2008_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBalinska2008" class="citation book cs1">Balinska, Maria (2008-11-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-EPvWnuRjCQC&q=Bagel:"><i>The Bagel: The Surprising History of a Modest Bread</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14232-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14232-7"><bdi>978-0-300-14232-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703224414/https://books.google.com/books?id=-EPvWnuRjCQC&q=Bagel:">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bagel%3A+The+Surprising+History+of+a+Modest+Bread&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008-11-03&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14232-7&rft.aulast=Balinska&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-EPvWnuRjCQC%26q%3DBagel%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/48756/bagel">"Bagel"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229143349/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/48756/bagel">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bagel&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F48756%2Fbagel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Book_of_Jewish_Food-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Book_of_Jewish_Food_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoden1996" class="citation book cs1">Roden, Claudia (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Food/Ashkenazic_Cuisine/Poland_and_Russia/The_Bagel.shtml"><i>The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318101717/http://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Food/Ashkenazic_Cuisine/Poland_and_Russia/The_Bagel.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Jewish+Food%3A+An+Odyssey+from+Samarkand+to+New+York&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Roden&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjewishlearning.com%2Fculture%2F2%2FFood%2FAshkenazic_Cuisine%2FPoland_and_Russia%2FThe_Bagel.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNathan2008" class="citation web cs1">Nathan, Joan (12 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2008/11/a_short_history_of_the_bagel.html">"A Short History of the Bagel: From ancient Egypt to Lender's"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225105614/http://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2008/11/a_short_history_of_the_bagel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Bagel%3A+From+ancient+Egypt+to+Lender%27s&rft.pub=Slate&rft.date=2008-11-12&rft.aulast=Nathan&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Flife%2Ffood%2F2008%2F11%2Fa_short_history_of_the_bagel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822153619/http://www.nyc24.org/2002/issue01/story02/page03.asp">"History of the Bagel: The Hole Story"</a>. Columbia University NYC24 New Media Workshop. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc24.org/2002/issue01/story02/page03.asp">the original</a> on 2011-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Bagel%3A+The+Hole+Story&rft.pub=Columbia+University+NYC24+New+Media+Workshop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc24.org%2F2002%2Fissue01%2Fstory02%2Fpage03.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry2017" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Charles (2017). <i>Scents and Flavours (A Bilingual Translation of a 13th Century Syrian Cookbook)</i>. NYU Press. pp. xxxiv, 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1479856282" title="Special:BookSources/978-1479856282"><bdi>978-1479856282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scents+and+Flavours+%28A+Bilingual+Translation+of+a+13th+Century+Syrian+Cookbook%29&rft.pages=xxxiv%2C+189&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1479856282&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDembińska1999" class="citation book cs1">Dembińska, Maria (1999). <i>Food and Drink in Medieval Poland: Rediscovering a Cuisine of the Past</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812232240" title="Special:BookSources/0812232240"><bdi>0812232240</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+and+Drink+in+Medieval+Poland%3A+Rediscovering+a+Cuisine+of+the+Past&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0812232240&rft.aulast=Dembi%C5%84ska&rft.aufirst=Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrowbridge_Filippone" class="citation web cs1">Trowbridge Filippone, Peggy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518125308/http://homecooking.about.com/od/foodhistory/a/bagelhistory.htm">"Bagel History: Bagels date back to the 1600s"</a>. <i>About.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homecooking.about.com/od/foodhistory/a/bagelhistory.htm">the original</a> on May 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=Bagel+History%3A+Bagels+date+back+to+the+1600s&rft.aulast=Trowbridge+Filippone&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomecooking.about.com%2Fod%2Ffoodhistory%2Fa%2Fbagelhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeinzweig2009" class="citation web cs1">Weinzweig, Ari (March 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2009/03/the-secret-history-of-bagels/6928/">"The Secret History of Bagels"</a>. <i>theatlantic.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207210232/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2009/03/the-secret-history-of-bagels/6928/">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theatlantic.com&rft.atitle=The+Secret+History+of+Bagels&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft.aulast=Weinzweig&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fhealth%2Farchive%2F2009%2F03%2Fthe-secret-history-of-bagels%2F6928%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAltschuler2008" class="citation web cs1">Altschuler, Glenn C. (November 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/14502">"Three Centuries of Bagels"</a>. <i>forward.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131155435/http://www.forward.com/articles/14502/">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forward.com&rft.atitle=Three+Centuries+of+Bagels&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft.aulast=Altschuler&rft.aufirst=Glenn+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forward.com%2Farticles%2F14502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2006" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2006). <i>Oxford Companion to Food</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0192806819" title="Special:BookSources/978-0192806819"><bdi>978-0192806819</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=49&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0192806819&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bagel">"Dictionary definition of 'bagel'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427220159/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bagel">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Dictionary+definition+of+%27bagel%27&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbagel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/bagel">"Dictionary definition of 'bagel'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>yourdictionary.com</i>. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428104513/http://www.yourdictionary.com/bagel">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yourdictionary.com&rft.atitle=Dictionary+definition+of+%27bagel%27&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourdictionary.com%2Fbagel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levineNYT31dec2003-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-levineNYT31dec2003_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levineNYT31dec2003_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levineNYT31dec2003_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevine2003" class="citation news cs1">Levine, Ed (2003-12-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/31/dining/was-life-better-when-bagels-were-smaller.html">"Was Life Better When Bagels Were Smaller? (Published 2003)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130145415/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/31/dining/was-life-better-when-bagels-were-smaller.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Was+Life+Better+When+Bagels+Were+Smaller%3F+%28Published+2003%29&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F12%2F31%2Fdining%2Fwas-life-better-when-bagels-were-smaller.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlagsburn2009" class="citation web cs1">Klagsburn, Francine (July 8, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114133636/http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c55_a16243/Editorial__Opinion/Opinion.html">"Chewing Over The Bagel's Story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Week">The Jewish Week</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c55_a16243/Editorial__Opinion/Opinion.html">the original</a> on January 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chewing+Over+The+Bagel%27s+Story&rft.pub=The+Jewish+Week&rft.date=2009-07-08&rft.aulast=Klagsburn&rft.aufirst=Francine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejewishweek.com%2FviewArticle%2Fc55_a16243%2FEditorial__Opinion%2FOpinion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHevesi2012" class="citation news cs1">Hevesi, Dennis (2012-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/23/business/murray-lender-dies-at-81-gave-all-america-a-taste-of-bagels.html">"Murray Lender, Who Gave All America a Taste of Bagels, Dies at 81"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414073010/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/23/business/murray-lender-dies-at-81-gave-all-america-a-taste-of-bagels.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Murray+Lender%2C+Who+Gave+All+America+a+Taste+of+Bagels%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.date=2012-03-22&rft.aulast=Hevesi&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fmurray-lender-dies-at-81-gave-all-america-a-taste-of-bagels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wp-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wp_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRothman2012" class="citation news cs1">Rothman, Lily (2012-03-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/murray-lender-the-man-who-brought-bagels-to-the-masses/2012/03/23/gIQACt47VS_story.html">"Murray Lender, the man who brought bagels to the masses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329204358/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/murray-lender-the-man-who-brought-bagels-to-the-masses/2012/03/23/gIQACt47VS_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Murray+Lender%2C+the+man+who+brought+bagels+to+the+masses&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fmurray-lender-the-man-who-brought-bagels-to-the-masses%2F2012%2F03%2F23%2FgIQACt47VS_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21552989">"Murray Lender"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 21 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120911230500/http://www.economist.com/node/21552989">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Murray+Lender&rft.date=2012-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21552989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adamson_Segan_2008_p._94-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adamson_Segan_2008_p._94_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adamson_Segan_2008_p._94_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdamsonSegan2008" class="citation book cs1">Adamson, M.W.; Segan, F. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPDIx6WWuOQC&pg=PA94"><i>Entertaining from Ancient Rome to the Super Bowl: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08689-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08689-2"><bdi>978-0-313-08689-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entertaining+from+Ancient+Rome+to+the+Super+Bowl%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-08689-2&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=M.W.&rft.au=Segan%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPDIx6WWuOQC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParkerFreeman2005" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Milton; Freeman, Allyn (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vE6I74CXk4kC&q=bagel+lox+cream+cheese+capers+tomato+onion&pg=PA97"><i>How to Feed Friends and Influence People: The Carnegie Deli: A Giant Sandwich, a Little Deli, a Huge Success</i></a>. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0471710350" title="Special:BookSources/0471710350"><bdi>0471710350</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703224411/https://books.google.com/books?id=vE6I74CXk4kC&q=bagel+lox+cream+cheese+capers+tomato+onion&pg=PA97">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Feed+Friends+and+Influence+People%3A+The+Carnegie+Deli%3A+A+Giant+Sandwich%2C+a+Little+Deli%2C+a+Huge+Success&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0471710350&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Milton&rft.au=Freeman%2C+Allyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvE6I74CXk4kC%26q%3Dbagel%2Blox%2Bcream%2Bcheese%2Bcapers%2Btomato%2Bonion%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark2013" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Melissa (2013-09-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/dining/setting-out-the-bagels-and-lox.html">"Setting Out the Bagels and Lox"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417064331/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/dining/setting-out-the-bagels-and-lox.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Setting+Out+the+Bagels+and+Lox&rft.date=2013-09-24&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F09%2F25%2Fdining%2Fsetting-out-the-bagels-and-lox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarner2015" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Justin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQaJCgAAQBAJ&q=bagel+lox+cream+cheese+capers+tomato+onion&pg=PA83"><i>The Laws of Cooking* *and How to Break Them</i></a>. New York: Flatiron Books. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1250065131" title="Special:BookSources/978-1250065131"><bdi>978-1250065131</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703224411/https://books.google.com/books?id=gQaJCgAAQBAJ&q=bagel+lox+cream+cheese+capers+tomato+onion&pg=PA83">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=Why+have+bagels+become+so+big+and+bready%3F&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft.aulast=Blasey&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Flong-island%2Fsuffolk%2Fbig-bagel-evolution-1.20250025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABagel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stellaculinary.com-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stellaculinary.com_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stellaculinary.com/scs20">"SCS 020| Bread Classifications | Stella Culinary"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108183105/https://stellaculinary.com/scs20">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewish_cuisine365" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_cuisine" title="Template:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewish_cuisine" title="Template talk:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewish_cuisine365" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_kosher_meat_boycott" title="1902 kosher meat boycott">1902 kosher meat boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_patronage_of_Chinese_restaurants" title="Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants">Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Jewish cuisine">Mountain Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite Jewish cuisine">Yemenite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious dietary laws and related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleishig" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleishig">Fleishig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">Hechsher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitniyot" title="Kitniyot">Kitniyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_by_ingredient" title="Kosher by ingredient">Kosher by ingredient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_for_Passover" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher for Passover">Kosher for Passover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_style" title="Kosher style">Kosher style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach" title="Mashgiach">Mashgiach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milchig" class="mw-redirect" title="Milchig">Milchig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">Pareve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treif" class="mw-redirect" title="Treif">Treif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Ben-Israel" title="Ron Ben-Israel">Ron Ben-Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Frankel" title="Laura Frankel">Laura Frankel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_Garten" title="Ina Garten">Ina Garten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Gil Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Nathan" title="Joan Nathan">Joan Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Reichl" title="Ruth Reichl">Ruth Reichl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyal_Shani" title="Eyal Shani">Eyal Shani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Solomonov" title="Michael Solomonov">Michael Solomonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotam_Ottolenghi" title="Yotam Ottolenghi">Yotam Ottolenghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Yeh" title="Molly Yeh">Molly Yeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apples_and_honey" title="Apples and honey">Apples and honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabo_kolo" title="Dabo kolo">Dabo kolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog">Etrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_gelt" title="Hanukkah gelt">Hanukkah gelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maror" title="Maror">Maror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">Matzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishloach_manot" title="Mishloach manot">Mishloach manot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekalach" title="Pekalach">Pekalach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeroa" title="Zeroa">Zeroa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkenazi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babka" title="Babka">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_roll" title="Onion roll">Onion roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pletzel" title="Pletzel">Pletzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel" title="Pumpernickel">Pumpernickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_rye_bread" title="Jewish rye bread">Rye Bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sephardic/Mizrahi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folar" title="Folar">Folar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachooh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachooh">Lachooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffa" title="Laffa">Laffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmacun" title="Lahmacun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawach" title="Malawach">Malawach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboon_bread" title="Taboon bread">Taboon bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Water challah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethiopian breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injera" title="Injera">Injera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bagels and similar breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_toast" title="Bagel toast">Bagel toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_with_cream_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagel with cream cheese">Bagel with cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialy_(bread)" title="Bialy (bread)">Bialy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal-style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_bagel" title="New York–style bagel">New York–style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_bagel" title="Pizza bagel">Pizza bagel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pancakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesaha_Appam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesaha Appam">Pesaha Appam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_latke" title="Cheese latke">Cheese latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chremslach" title="Chremslach">Chremslach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cakes and sweet pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babka_(cake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babka (cake)">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flourless_chocolate_cake" title="Flourless chocolate cake">Flourless chocolate cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apple_cake" title="Jewish apple cake">Jewish apple cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krantz_cake" title="Krantz cake">Krantz cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekach" title="Lekach">Lekach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_cake" title="Plum cake">Plum cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Ashure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambalouni" title="Bambalouni">Bambalouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_pudding" title="Carrot pudding">Carrot pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halvah_ice_cream" title="Halvah ice cream">Halvah ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogel_mogel" title="Kogel mogel">Kogel mogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krembo" title="Krembo">Krembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokum">Lokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Malabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milky_(pudding)" title="Milky (pudding)">Milky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed_candy" title="Sesame seed candy">Sesame seed candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyah" title="Sufganiyah">Sufganiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streuselkuchen" title="Streuselkuchen">Streuselkuchen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cookies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfajor" title="Alfajor">Alfajor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscochos" title="Biscochos">Biscochos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_and_white_cookie" title="Black and white cookie">Black and white cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese cookie">Chinese cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_kichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg kichel">Egg kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvshaniot" title="Duvshaniot">Duvshaniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadji_bada" title="Hadji bada">Hadji bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantaschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamantaschen">Hamantaschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_buttons" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey buttons">Honey buttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_almond_cookie" title="Jewish almond cookie">Jewish almond cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dekager" title="Jødekager">Jødekager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichel" title="Kichel">Kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipfel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kipfel">Kipfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumbprint_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumbprint cookie">Linzer cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon" title="Macaroon">Macaroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelbread" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandelbread">Mandelbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_cookie" title="Rainbow cookie">Rainbow cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_cookie" title="Tahini cookie">Tahini cookie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichak" title="Bichak">Bichak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulemas" title="Bulemas">Bulemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3dni" title="Flódni">Flódni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojaldre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojaldre">Hojaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunt" title="Nunt">Nunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastelitos_de_hoja" title="Pastelitos de hoja">Pastelitos de hoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambusak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambusak">Sambusak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziva_(dish)" title="Ziva (dish)">Ziva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fried foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brik" title="Brik">Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_giudia" title="Carciofi alla giudia">Carciofi alla giudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot" title="Fatoot">Fatoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cauliflower" title="Fried cauliflower">Fried cauliflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritas_de_prasa" title="Fritas de prasa">Fritas de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_doughnut" title="Jelly doughnut">Jelly doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrija" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrija">Torrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dumplings, pastas and grain dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bsisa" title="Bsisa">Bsisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampfnudel" title="Dampfnudel">Dampfnudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg noodles">Egg noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farfel" title="Farfel">Farfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_noodle_dishes#Spanish" title="List of noodle dishes">Fideos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freekeh" title="Freekeh">Freekeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germkn%C3%B6del" title="Germknödel">Germknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(food)" title="Gondi (food)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha" title="Kasha">Kasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha_varnishkes" title="Kasha varnishkes">Kasha varnishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneidlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Kneidlach">Kneidlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreplach" title="Kreplach">Kreplach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubbeh">Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_Hamin" title="Macaroni Hamin">Macaroni Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Manti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_ball" title="Matzah ball">Matzah ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orez_Shu%27it" title="Orez Shu'it">Orez Shu'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">Pelmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptitim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptitim">Ptitim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirin_polo" title="Shirin polo">Shirin polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlishkes" title="Shlishkes">Shlishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_mandels" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup mandels">Soup mandels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahdig" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahdig">Tahdig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vareniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Vareniki">Vareniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casseroles and savory baked dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almadrote" class="mw-redirect" title="Almadrote">Almadrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holishkes" title="Holishkes">Holishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem kugel">Jerusalem kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karn%C4%B1yar%C4%B1k" title="Karnıyarık">Karnıyarık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_lasagna" title="Matzo lasagna">Matzo lasagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_(dish)" title="Pom (dish)">Pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_kugel" title="Potato kugel">Potato kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3let" title="Sólet">Sólet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_artichoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed artichoke">Stuffed artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yakhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapchik" title="Yapchik">Yapchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks and other baked goods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamba_(snack)" title="Bamba (snack)">Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissli" title="Bissli">Bissli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitzuchim" title="Pitzuchim">Pitzuchim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkedei_marak" title="Shkedei marak">Shkedei marak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_dates" title="Stuffed dates">Stuffed dates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sandwiches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef_sandwich" title="Corned beef sandwich">Corned beef sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillel sandwich">Hillel sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami_on_rye" title="Pastrami on rye">Pastrami on rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachel sandwich">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_sandwich" title="Reuben sandwich">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_sandwich" title="Sailor sandwich">Sailor sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egg dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beitzah" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitzah">Beitzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haminados" title="Haminados">Haminados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboiled_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardboiled egg">Hardboiled egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzoquiles" title="Matzoquiles">Matzoquiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_liver" title="Chopped liver">Chopped liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondi (dumpling)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzel" title="Helzel">Helzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_mixed_grill" title="Jerusalem mixed grill">Jerusalem mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merguez" title="Merguez">Merguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Miltz">Miltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_smoked_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal smoked meat">Montreal smoked meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargiyot" title="Pargiyot">Pargiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">Pastirma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">Pastrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plov" class="mw-redirect" title="Plov">Plov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sujuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fish dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abudaraho" class="mw-redirect" title="Abudaraho">Abudaraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chraime" title="Chraime">Chraime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressed_herring" title="Dressed herring">Dressed herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravlax" title="Gravlax">Gravlax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikra">Ikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakerda" title="Lakerda">Lakerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">Lox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescado_frito" title="Pescado frito">Pescado frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz_herring" title="Schmaltz herring">Schmaltz herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_salmon" title="Smoked salmon">Smoked salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_whitefish" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoked whitefish">Smoked whitefish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarama">Tarama</a></li> <li>Vorschmack</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_salad" title="Whitefish salad">Whitefish salad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads and pickles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apio_(appetizer)" title="Apio (appetizer)">Apio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggplant salad">Eggplant salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_salad" title="Israeli salad">Israeli salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_dill_pickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher dill pickle">Kosher dill pickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbucha" title="Matbucha">Matbucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzimmes" title="Tzimmes">Tzimmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups and stews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adom_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Adom kubbeh">Adom kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgolemono" title="Avgolemono">Avgolemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbe">Chamo kubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_noodle_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken noodle soup">Chicken noodle soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamin">Chamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbeh">Chamo kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghormeh_sabzi" title="Ghormeh sabzi">Ghormeh sabzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(food)" title="Gondi (food)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamusta_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamusta kubbeh">Hamusta kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_ball_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzah ball soup">Matzah ball soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msoki" title="Msoki">Msoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poike" title="Poike">Poike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schav" class="mw-redirect" title="Schav">Schav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrito_(stew)" title="Sofrito (stew)">Sofrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses and other dairy products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkawi" title="Akkawi">Akkawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">Cottage cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">Cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmer's cheese">Farmer's cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark (cheese)">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirene" title="Sirene">Sirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)" title="Smetana (dairy product)">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">Sour cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">Strained yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzfat_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzfat cheese">Tzfat cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments, dips and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applesauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Applesauce">Applesauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filfel_chuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Filfel chuma">Filfel chuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Harif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilbah">Hilbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissara" title="Bissara">Mikpah Ful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resek_avganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Resek avganiyot">Resek avganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicy_brown_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spicy brown mustard">Spicy brown mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoug">Zhoug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel-Ray" title="Cel-Ray">Cel-Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Brown%27s" title="Dr. Brown's">Dr. Brown's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cream" title="Egg cream">Egg cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_juice" title="Grape juice">Grape juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedem">Kedem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_flower_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Linden flower tea">Linden flower tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_lemonade" title="Mint lemonade">Mint lemonade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manischewitz" title="Manischewitz">Manischewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_juice" title="Pomegranate juice">Pomegranate juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Salep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Seltzer">Seltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_Perfect" title="Vodka Perfect">Vodka Perfect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs, spices and seasonings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_bouillon_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken bouillon powder">Consommé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Dried onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licorice_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice root">Licorice root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigella seeds">Nigella seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seeds">Sesame seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eateries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appetizing_store" title="Appetizing store">Appetizing store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dairy_restaurant" title="Jewish dairy restaurant">Dairy restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deli" title="Jewish deli">Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_with_religious_symbolism" title="List of foods with religious symbolism">List of foods with religious symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_cuisine_dishes" title="List of Jewish cuisine dishes">List of Jewish cuisine dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">List of kosher restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Israel" title="List of restaurants in Israel">List of restaurants in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_cuisine" title="Category:Jewish cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ring_and_knot-shaped_breads49" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ring_and_knot-shaped_breads" title="Template:Ring and knot-shaped breads"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ring_and_knot-shaped_breads" title="Template talk:Ring and knot-shaped breads"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ring_and_knot-shaped_breads" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ring and knot-shaped breads"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ring_and_knot-shaped_breads49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ring and knot-shaped breads</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ring-shaped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babka" title="Babka">Babka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bagel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_style_bagel" class="mw-redirect" title="New York style bagel">New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bublik" title="Bublik">Bublik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccellato_di_Lucca" title="Buccellato di Lucca">Buccellato di Lucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ak" title="Ka'ak">Ka'ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalach_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalach (food)">Kalach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwarzanek_krakowski" title="Obwarzanek krakowski">Obwarzanek krakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sel_roti" title="Sel roti">Sel roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simit" title="Simit">Simit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushki" title="Sushki">Sushki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taralli" title="Taralli">Taralli</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bublik_in_Kiev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bublik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bublik_in_Kiev.jpg/60px-Bublik_in_Kiev.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bublik_in_Kiev.jpg/90px-Bublik_in_Kiev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bublik_in_Kiev.jpg/120px-Bublik_in_Kiev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="2384" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Knot-shaped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covrigi" title="Covrigi">Covrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kringle" title="Kringle">Kringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Street_food325" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Street_food" title="Template:Street food"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Street_food" title="Template talk:Street food"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Street_food" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Street food"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Street_food325" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">Acarajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloo chaat">Aloo chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_tikki" title="Aloo tikki">Aloo tikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticucho" title="Anticucho">Anticucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apam_balik" title="Apam balik">Apam balik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asinan" title="Asinan">Asinan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakpau">Bakpau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakso" title="Bakso">Bakso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_cue" title="Banana cue">Banana cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_h%E1%BB%8Fi" title="Bánh hỏi">Bánh hỏi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">Bánh mì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_x%C3%A8o" title="Bánh xèo">Bánh xèo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batagor" title="Batagor">Batagor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares_(food)" title="Pares (food)">Beef Pares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beguni" title="Beguni">Beguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_waffle" title="Belgian waffle">Belgian waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beondegi" title="Beondegi">Beondegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhel_puri" title="Bhel puri">Bhel puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">Biryani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek#Greek_bouréki,_bourekáki,_bougatsa,_and_pita" title="Börek">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">Brochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bublik" title="Bublik">Bublik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubur_ayam" title="Bubur ayam">Bubur ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_cha" title="Bun cha">Bun cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungeo-ppang" title="Bungeo-ppang">Bungeo-ppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">Bunny chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrito" title="Burrito">Burrito</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_burrito" title="Breakfast burrito">Breakfast burrito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food#Philippines" title="Squid as food">Calamares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camote_cue" title="Camote cue">Camote cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart_noodle" title="Cart noodle">Cart noodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat" title="Chaat">Chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiko_Roll" title="Chiko Roll">Chiko Roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichanga" title="Chimichanga">Chimichanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bhel" title="Chinese bhel">Chinese bhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockle (bivalve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%8Dng_y%C3%B3u_b%C7%90ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Cōng yóu bǐng">Cōng yóu bǐng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covrigi" title="Covrigi">Covrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxinha" title="Coxinha">Coxinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescia" title="Crescia">Crescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currywurst" title="Currywurst">Currywurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dak-kkochi" title="Dak-kkochi">Dak-kkochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_burger" title="Donkey burger">Donkey burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">Dosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchilada" title="Enchilada">Enchilada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquites" title="Esquites">Esquites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ball" title="Fish ball">Fish ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_tacos" title="French tacos">French tacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_fried_chicken" title="Korean fried chicken">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_fried_chicken" title="Taiwanese fried chicken">Taiwanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">Navajo frybread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette-saucisse" title="Galette-saucisse">Galette-saucisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginanggang" title="Ginanggang">Ginanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorengan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorengan">Gorengan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghugni" title="Ghugni">Ghugni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gukhwappang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gukhwappang">Gukhwappang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyeranppang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeranppang">Gyeranppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inihaw" title="Inihaw">Inihaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaw" title="Isaw">Isaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhalmuri" title="Jhalmuri">Jhalmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi" title="Jiaozi">Jiaozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaassouffl%C3%A9" title="Kaassoufflé">Kaassoufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachori" title="Kachori">Kachori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsalon" title="Kapsalon">Kapsalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kati_roll" title="Kati roll">Kati roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karantika" title="Karantika">Karantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapli_kebab" title="Chapli kebab">Chapli kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyinkyinga" title="Kyinkyinga">Kyinkyinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shami_kebab" title="Shami kebab">Shami kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kebabs" title="List of kebabs">List of kebabs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_telor" title="Kerak telor">Kerak telor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprak_(dish)" title="Ketoprak (dish)">Ketoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanom_Tokyo" title="Khanom Tokyo">Khanom Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_hiang" title="Ngo hiang">Kikiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokneneng" title="Tokneneng">Kwek Kwek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">Laksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ngos" title="Lángos">Lángos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatang" title="Malatang">Malatang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_soup" title="Mami soup">Mami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruya_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruya (food)">Maruya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_puri" title="Masala puri">Masala puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_ayam" title="Mie ayam">Mie ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtabak" title="Murtabak">Murtabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">Naan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nem_chua_r%C3%A1n" title="Nem chua rán">Nem chua rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwarzanek_krakowski" title="Obwarzanek krakowski">Obwarzanek krakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_thai" title="Pad thai">Pad thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajeon" title="Pajeon">Pajeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakora" title="Pakora">Pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneer_tikka" title="Paneer tikka">Paneer tikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">Pani câ meusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panipuri" title="Panipuri">Panipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papri_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Papri chaat">Papri chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">Paratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pav_bhaji" title="Pav bhaji">Pav bhaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pempek" title="Pempek">Pempek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepito_(sandwich)" title="Pepito (sandwich)">Pepito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">Pho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picarones" title="Picarones">Picarones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinasugbo" title="Pinasugbo">Pinasugbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">Pizza al taglio</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice" title="Pizza by the slice">Pizza by the slice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzetta" title="Pizzetta">Pizzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pljeskavica" title="Pljeskavica">Pljeskavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattened_rice" title="Flattened rice">Poha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punugulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Punugulu">Punugulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(food)" title="Puri (food)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_eggs" title="Quail eggs">Quail eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesadilla" title="Quesadilla">Quesadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat-on-a-stick" title="Rat-on-a-stick">Rat-on-a-stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%BEnji%C4%87i" title="Ražnjići">Ražnjići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogan_josh" title="Rogan josh">Rogan josh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojak" title="Rojak">Rojak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_bakar" title="Roti bakar">Roti bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_john" title="Roti john">Roti john</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">Roujiamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumali_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumali roti">Rumali roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustico_(pastry)" title="Rustico (pastry)">Rustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seblak" title="Seblak">Seblak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevpuri">Sevpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfenj" title="Sfenj">Sfenj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao_Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Shao Kao">Shao Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">Siomay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto_(food)" title="Soto (food)">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">Souvlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigghiola" title="Stigghiola">Stigghiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(food)" title="Stromboli (food)">Stromboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">Taco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_taco" title="Korean taco">Korean taco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahri_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahri (dish)">Tahri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_gejrot" title="Tahu gejrot">Tahu gejrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_sumedang" title="Tahu sumedang">Tahu sumedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoyaki" title="Takoyaki">Takoyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_chicken" title="Tandoori chicken">Tandoori chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangbao" title="Tangbao">Tangbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquito" title="Taquito">Taquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauge_goreng" title="Tauge goreng">Tauge goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_potato" title="Tornado potato">Tornado potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar" title="U' pastizz 'rtunnar">U' pastizz 'rtunnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">Vada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastedda" title="Vastedda">Vastedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_noodles" title="Vietnamese noodles">Vietnamese noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%B4i" title="Xôi">Xôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">Yakitori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapiekanka" title="Zapiekanka">Zapiekanka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A food truck"><img alt="A food truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/120px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/250px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_street_food" title="Regional street food">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_street_food" title="Hong Kong street food">Hong Kong</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Chennai" title="Street food of Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Indonesia" title="Street food of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_street_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican street food">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine#Street_food_and_other_snacks" title="Filipino cuisine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_in_South_Korea" title="Street food in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine#Night_market_dishes" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Thailand" title="Street food of Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_catering" title="Mobile catering">Mobile catering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_kitchen" title="Field kitchen">Field kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_booth" title="Food booth">Food booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_cart" title="Food cart">Food cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck_rally" title="Food truck rally">Food truck rally</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_cart" title="Hot dog cart">Hot dog cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_stand" title="Hot dog stand">Hot dog stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_van" title="Ice cream van">Ice cream van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B8lsevogn" title="Pølsevogn">Sausage wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco_stand" title="Taco stand">Taco stand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yatai_(retail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yatai (retail)">Yatai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pojangmacha" title="Pojangmacha">Pojangmacha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrstelstand" title="Würstelstand">Würstelstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_foods" title="List of street foods">List of street foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_trucks" title="List of food trucks">List of food trucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Street_food" title="Category:Street food">Category: Street food</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272502#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1867" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272502#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1867" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272502#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/825387/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4464524-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bagels"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85010959">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bagels"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16194690f">France</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cuisine (bagels)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17055025q">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bagels"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16194690f">BnF data</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cuisine (bagels)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17055025q">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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