블록체인이란 무엇인가?

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</head> <body class="academy-template-default single single-academy postid-242510"> <a href="https://shop.ledger.com/ko/pages/ledger-flex" class="header-top-banner"> <div class="header-top-banner--container"> <div class="row"> <div class="header-top-banner--text" > <p>Ledger Flex™를 사용하여 단일 보안 화면에서 트랜잭션을 검토하고 서명하세요</p> </div> <div class="header-top-banner--button"> <span>지금 살펴보기</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> <header class="academy-header" id="header"> <div class="row"> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy" title="Ledger Academy" class="logo"> <img src="https://www.ledger.com/wp-content/themes/ledger-v2/public/images/ledger-academy-logo-long.svg" alt="Ledger Academy"> </a> <nav class="academy-header-navigation" id="academy-header-navigation"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://shop.ledger.com/ko" title=""> Ledger 쇼핑하기 </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://quest.ledger.com/" title=""> Ledger Quest <div class="svg-icon"> <svg id="Calque_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 422.6 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href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/ledgersolutions-ko" title="">Ledger 솔루션</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/nfts" title="">NFT</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/economics-and-regulation-ko" title="">경제 및 규제</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/defi-ko" title="">디파이(DeFi)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/metaverse-ko" title="">메타버스(Metaverse)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/security" title="">보안</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/blockchain" title="">블록체인</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/scams-ko" title="">스캠</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/crypto" title="">암호화폐</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/tutorials" title="">튜토리얼</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-children"> <a href="#" title="">시리즈</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/ledger-how-tos-ko" title="">Ledger 사용법</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/on-the-ledger" title="">On The Ledger</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/school-of-block" title="">School of Block</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/reading-room" title="">독서실</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/get-your-crypto-safe-ko" title="">암호화폐를 안전하게 보관하세요</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%9B%B9-30%EC%97%90-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%B4-%EC%95%8C%EC%95%84%EC%95%BC-%ED%95%A0-%EB%AA%A8%EB%93%A0-%EA%B2%83" title="" class="button secondary" data-trigger-academy-start-journey data-trigger-academy-start-journey-location="Header"> 학습 시작</a> </li> <li class="has-children language-switcher"> <a href="#" class="activeLanguage" data-isocode="ko">한국어</a> <ul class="submenu"> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ar/academy/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84-blockchain" title="" data-name="아랍어" data-isocode="ar" class="localeItem">العربية</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/zh-hans/academy/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%8C%BA%E5%9D%97%E9%93%BE" title="" data-name="중국어 간체" data-isocode="zh-hans" class="localeItem">简体中文</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-blockchain" title="" data-name="영어" data-isocode="en" class="localeItem">English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/fr/academy/quest-ce-que-la-blockchainnbsp" title="" data-name="불어" data-isocode="fr" class="localeItem">Français</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/basic-basics/about-crypto/was-ist-blockchain-2" title="" data-name="독어" data-isocode="de" class="localeItem">Deutsch</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ru/academy/basic-basics/about-crypto/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-2" title="" data-name="러시아어" data-isocode="ru" class="localeItem">Русский</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/es/academy/basic-basics/about-crypto/what-is-blockchain-2" title="" data-name="스페인어" data-isocode="es" class="localeItem">Español</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ja/academy/basic-basics/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF" title="" data-name="일어" data-isocode="ja" class="localeItem">日本語</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/tr/academy/basic-basics/about-crypto/blok-zinciri-nedir" title="" data-name="터어키어" data-isocode="tr" class="localeItem">Türkçe</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/pt-br/academy/o-que-e-blockchain" title="" data-name="브라질 포르투갈어" data-isocode="pt-br" class="localeItem">Português</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="open-menu-mobile" class="icon-stream open-menu-mobile"></div> </div> </header> <div class="academy-sidebar-menu" id="academy-sidebar-menu"> <div> <nav> <ul> <li class="has-children current-category-active"> <a >수업실 <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a >A) Web3에 오신 것을 환영합니다</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%9B%B9-30%EC%97%90-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%B4-%EC%95%8C%EC%95%84%EC%95%BC-%ED%95%A0-%EB%AA%A8%EB%93%A0-%EA%B2%83" title="Web 3.0란?" >Web 3.0란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80%EC%97%90-%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C-%EC%84%A4%EB%AA%85" title="블록체인 세대에 관한 설명" >블록체인 세대에 관한 설명</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%87%EB%8B%A4%EB%A9%B4-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%9E%80-%EC%A0%95%ED%99%95%ED%9E%88-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%BC%EA%B9%8C%EC%9A%94" title="그렇다면 암호화폐란 정확히 무엇일까요?" >그렇다면 암호화폐란 정확히 무엇일까요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%96%BC%EB%A7%88%EB%82%98-%EB%A7%8E%EC%9D%80-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EA%B0%80-%EC%A1%B4%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%9C%EB%8B%A4%EA%B3%A0-%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%81%ED%95%98%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98%EC%9A%94" title="얼마나 많은 암호화폐가 존재한다고 생각하시나요?" >얼마나 많은 암호화폐가 존재한다고 생각하시나요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" title="블록체인이란 무엇인가?" class="color-grey-800">블록체인이란 무엇인가?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >B) 암호화폐를 보호하는 방법</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8-%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%BC-%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="암호화폐 지갑이란?" >암호화폐 지갑이란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8-%ED%82%A4%EB%8A%94-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" title="개인 키는 무엇인가요?" >개인 키는 무엇인가요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EB%B9%84%EB%B0%80-%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%AC-%EB%AC%B8%EA%B5%AC%EB%8A%94-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%BC%EA%B9%8C%EC%9A%94" title="시드 문구(비밀 복구 문구)란?" >시드 문구(비밀 복구 문구)란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EC%9C%84%ED%98%91-%EC%9A%94%EC%86%8C-%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4%EC%A7%91" title="암호화폐 위협: 암호화폐가 도난당하는 방법" >암호화폐 위협: 암호화폐가 도난당하는 방법</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >C) Ledger란 무엇인가요?</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%A5-%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84%ED%95%9C-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91%EC%9D%B8-ledger%EC%97%90-%EC%98%A4%EC%8B%A0-%EA%B2%83%EC%9D%84-%ED%99%98%EC%98%81%ED%95%A9%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4" title="Ledger가 무엇인가요? Ledger 생태계에 대한 설명" >Ledger가 무엇인가요? Ledger 생태계에 대한 설명</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-nano%EB%8A%94-%EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%A5%BC-%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%ED%95%98%EB%82%98%EC%9A%94" title="Ledger Nano는 어떻게 암호화폐를 보호하나요?" >Ledger Nano는 어떻게 암호화폐를 보호하나요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-live-%EC%95%B1-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EB%A7%A4%EB%A7%A4-%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%82%B9-%EB%B0%8F-%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%91" title="Ledger Live 앱: 암호화폐 매매, 스테이킹 및 스왑" >Ledger Live 앱: 암호화폐 매매, 스테이킹 및 스왑</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >D) Web3 보안 필수 사항</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/web3-%EC%8A%A4%EC%BA%A0%EC%97%90-%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C-%EC%84%A4%EB%AA%85" title="Web3 스캠에 관한 설명" >Web3 스캠에 관한 설명</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%9E%90%EC%B2%B4-%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%BC-%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="자체 조사하기: 암호화폐 프로젝트를 조사하는 방법" >자체 조사하기: 암호화폐 프로젝트를 조사하는 방법</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%A5%BC-ledger-nano%EB%A1%9C-%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="암호화폐를 Ledger Nano로 마이그레이션하는 방법" >암호화폐를 Ledger Nano로 마이그레이션하는 방법</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >E) 디지털 자산 설명</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/crypto/%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%94%EC%BD%94%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" title="스테이블코인이란 무엇인가요?" >스테이블코인이란 무엇인가요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EC%BD%94%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%BC-%ED%86%A0%ED%81%B0%EC%9D%98-%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%90" title="코인과 토큰의 차이점" >코인과 토큰의 차이점</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >F) 블록체인 기초</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" title="크립토 노드: 그 정의와 작동 원리는?" >크립토 노드: 그 정의와 작동 원리는?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >G) 지갑 관련 지식(레벨업)</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%ED%95%98%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%A8%EC%96%B4-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80" title="하드웨어 지갑이란?" >하드웨어 지갑이란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/g-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91-%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8-%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8%EC%97%85/what-is-a-software-wallet" title="소프트웨어 지갑이란?" >소프트웨어 지갑이란?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/g-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91-%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8-%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8%EC%97%85/choose-the-best-crypto-wallet-for-you" title="암호화폐 지갑을 선택하는 방법" >암호화폐 지갑을 선택하는 방법</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/g-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91-%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8-%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8%EC%97%85/what-is-a-cold-wallet" title="콜드 월렛은 무엇인가요?" >콜드 월렛은 무엇인가요?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >H) 암호화폐 매매와 스왑을 통해 자산을 키워보세요</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/crypto/ledger-live%EB%A5%BC-%ED%86%B5%ED%95%9C-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EA%B5%AC%EB%A7%A4%EC%9D%98-%EC%9E%A5%EC%A0%90" title="Ledger Live를 통한 암호화폐 구매의 장점" >Ledger Live를 통한 암호화폐 구매의 장점</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-live%EC%9D%98-%ED%9E%98" title="Ledger Live의 힘" >Ledger Live의 힘</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/h-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90-%EB%A7%A4%EB%A7%A4%EC%99%80-%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%91%EC%9D%84-%ED%86%B5%ED%95%B4-%EC%9E%90%EC%82%B0%EC%9D%84-%ED%82%A4%EC%9B%8C%EB%B3%B4%EC%84%B8%EC%9A%94/earn-crypto-with-ledger-live-staking-made-easy" title="Ledger Live를 통해 암호자산 늘리기: 스테이킹이 쉬워집니다" >Ledger Live를 통해 암호자산 늘리기: 스테이킹이 쉬워집니다</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/ledger-%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%91-%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EB%A5%BC-%EA%B5%90%ED%99%98%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94-%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%A5-%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84%ED%95%9C-%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="Ledger Live를 통해 암호화폐를 안전하게 하는 방법" >Ledger Live를 통해 암호화폐를 안전하게 하는 방법</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >J) 지갑 지식 II - 암호화폐 저장의 진화</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8-%ED%82%A4%EC%99%80-%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%9C-%ED%82%A4%EB%8A%94-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" title="개인 키와 공개 키는 무엇인가요?" >개인 키와 공개 키는 무엇인가요?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/crypto/%EA%B3%84%EC%B8%B5%EC%A0%81-%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1hd-%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%91%EC%9D%B4-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" title="계층적 결정성(HD) 지갑이 무엇인가요?" >계층적 결정성(HD) 지갑이 무엇인가요?</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-children"> <a >주제 <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/ledgersolutions-ko" title="Ledger 솔루션" >Ledger 솔루션</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/nfts" title="NFT" >NFT</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/economics-and-regulation-ko" title="경제 및 규제" >경제 및 규제</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/defi-ko" title="디파이(DeFi)" >디파이(DeFi)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/metaverse-ko" title="메타버스(Metaverse)" >메타버스(Metaverse)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/security" title="보안" >보안</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/blockchain" title="블록체인" >블록체인</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/scams-ko" title="스캠" >스캠</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/crypto" title="암호화폐" >암호화폐</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/library-ko/topic/tutorials" title="튜토리얼" >튜토리얼</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-children"> <a >시리즈 <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/ledger-how-tos-ko" title="Ledger 사용법" >Ledger 사용법</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/on-the-ledger" title="On The Ledger" >On The Ledger</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/school-of-block" title="School of Block" >School of Block</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/reading-room" title="독서실" >독서실</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/series/get-your-crypto-safe-ko" title="암호화폐를 안전하게 보관하세요" >암호화폐를 안전하게 보관하세요</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://shop.ledger.com/ko" title="Ledger 쇼핑하기" class="a-ledger-쇼핑하기"> Ledger 쇼핑하기 </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://quest.ledger.com/" title="Ledger Quest" class="a-ledger-quest"> Ledger Quest <div 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style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#fff" d="M21.751 7h3.067l-6.7 7.658L26 25.078h-6.172l-4.833-6.32-5.531 6.32h-3.07l7.167-8.19L6 7h6.328l4.37 5.777L21.75 7Zm-1.076 16.242h1.7L11.404 8.74H9.58l11.094 14.503Z"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="heateorSssClear"></div></div> </div> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="432" src="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-1-1024x432.jpg" alt="암호화폐는 2008년 금융 위기 이후 등장하여, 일반 사람들이 전통 금융의 단점을 극복하고 자율적으로 돈을 관리할 수 있도록 지원하고 있습니다." class="wp-image-267681" srcset="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-1-1024x432.jpg 1024w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-1-300x127.jpg 300w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-1-768x324.jpg 768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-1-1536x648.jpg 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-1-490x207.jpg 490w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-1.jpg 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>주요 시사점:</td></tr><tr><td>—블록체인 네트워크는 암호화폐의 기반을 제공하여 P2P 트랜잭션을 가능하게 합니다.<br><br>— 블록체인은 지금까지 이루어진 모든 단일 트랜잭션을 기록하는 불변의 디지털 원장입니다.<br><br>— 블록체인 기술의 무신뢰 기능은 기존 은행 업무에 큰 도전이 될 수 있는 디파이(DeFi) 산업을 촉발시켰습니다.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p>블록체인 기술은 처음에는 매우 어려운 개념으로 보일 수 있지만, 핵심 기능 중 일부를 이해하면 곧 web3 전문가로 나아가는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 모든 블록체인이 비트코인만큼 안전하고, 이더리움만큼 유용하다고 생각할 수도 있습니다. 그러나 실제로 모든 블록체인 네트워크에는 그 마다 큰 차이가 있습니다. 거버넌스부터 새로운 코인 생성, 심지어 네트워크에 참여할 수 있는 대상에 이르기까지, 블록체인에는 전체 네트워크가 작동하는 방식을 바꿀 수 있는 기능이 있을 수 있습니다.</p> <p>일부 블록체인은 특정 사용 사례에서 다른 블록체인보다 우수하다고 할 수 있으만, 각각 일장일단이 있습니다. 따라서 이번 Ledger 아카데미에서는 블록체인이 무엇인지, 어떻게 작동하는지, 또한 다양한 유형의 블록체인과 그 용도에 대해 알아야 할 사항에는 무엇이 있는지 모두 살펴보도록 하겠습니다.</p> <p>하지만 기술적인 내용을 자세히 살펴보기 전에 기본 중의 기본부터 시작해 보겠습니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">블록체인이란 무엇인가?</h2> <p>간단히 말해서, 블록체인은 트랜잭션을 기록하고 네트워크에서 디지털 자산의 이동을 추적하는 역할을 하는 분산되고 불변적인 디지털 원장입니다. 주로 블록체인은 금융 자산을 추적하는 데 사용되었지만 오늘날에는 어마어마한 가치 저장 능력으로 인해 사용 사례가 점점 늘어나고 있습니다. 블록체인에는 새로운 기술을 가능하게 하는 몇 가지 주요 기능이 있으며, 이는 흔히 Web3라고 불립니다. 그렇다면 이러한 주요 기능은 무엇일까요?</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">블록체인 네트워크의 주요 특징</h2> <p>블록체인에는 다른 흥미로운 기능이 많이 있습니다. 그러나 그 모든 기능이 분산 원장 기술과 불변 기록이라는 두 핵심 요소에서 시작됩니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">분산 원장 기술</h3> <p>블록체인은 단일 중앙 서버에 정보를 호스팅하지 않고, 원장을 시스템의 모든 컴퓨터에 배포합니다. 이러한 컴퓨터를 노드라고 하며 정보 저장, 공유, 기록과 디지털 자산 전송을 담당합니다. 이는 “분산원장” 기술의 기본이며, 블록체인이 정보를 안전하게 저장할 수 있는 유일한 방법입니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">불변의 기록</h3> <p>다음으로, 블록체인에는 해당 정보를 블록 내에 저장하는 고유한 방법이 있습니다. 블록은 체인으로 배열되어 네트워크 전체에 분산되므로 ‘블록체인’이라는 이름이 붙었습니다. 이러한 데이터 구조로 때문에 한 번 블록체인에 기록된 정보는 변경할 수 없습니다. 이러한 특징 때문에 블록체인은 해킹이 거의 불가능합니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">블록체인의 용도는?</h2> <p>늘상 디지털 트랜잭션을 하고 있는데, 새삼 무엇이 중요하다는 것인지 의아하다는 생각이 들지도 모르겠습니다. 그러나 디지털 방식으로 돈을 전송하는 것은 이메일이나 사진과 같은 정보를 보내는 것과는 매우 다릅니다.</p> <p>어떤 통화가 가치를 가지려면 공급이 유한해야 합니다. 성공적인 디지털 거래에서는 받는 측에서 해당하는 가치를 온전하게 수령하고, 보내는 사람의 계정에서는 정확히 동일한 가치가 사라집니다. 그렇게 되지 않으면, 이는 이중 지불이 되는 것입니다.</p> <p>“이중 지불”이라는 용어가 생소할 수는 있겠지만, 이는 전체 금융 시스템과 은행에 대한 신뢰를 형성하는 핵심 요소입니다. 블록체인 기술은 트랜잭션을 확인하기 위해 중앙화된 주체를 개입시키지 않고 이중 지불 문제를 해결합니다. 이는 투명하고 안전하며 익명의 P2P 가치 교환을 대규모로 전송할 수 있음을 의미합니다. 그런데 이게 정확히 무슨 뜻일까요? </p> <p>단순히 말해 이중 지불 문제를 해결한다는 것은 블록체인을 통해 자산이 한 사람에서 다른 사람으로 전달된다는 확신을 가지고 누군가와 가치를 교환할 수 있게 된다는 것을 뜻합니다. 중요한 것은 양측이 자산을 각각 사용할 수 있도록 하여 시스템에 새로운 자산을 생성하지 않고도 그렇게 할 수 있어야 한다는 것이죠.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">블록체인의 종류</h2> <p>블록체인 네트워크를 구축하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있으며, 관련하여 생각보다 복잡한 내용이 담겨 있을 수 있습니다. 대부분의 사람이 블록체인하면 비트코인과 같은 탈중앙화 또는 퍼블릭 블록체인을 떠올립니다. 하지만 블록체인 기술도 중앙화된 시스템을 구축할 수 있다는 점을 짚고 넘어가야 합니다.</p> <p>블록체인이 P2P 전송과 분산형 가치 교환을 허용한다고 해서 모든 블록체인이 이런 방식으로 작동하는 것은 아닙니다. 일부 블록체인은 퍼블릭, 프라이빗, 허가형이거나, 아니면 컨소시엄에 의해 구축되었습니다. 일부는 이러한 유형 중 일부를 조합한 경우도 있습니다.</p> <p>이제 다양한 유형의 블록체인 네트워크 간의 차이점과 그 차이점이 중요한 이유를 살펴 보겠습니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">프라이빗, 허가형 및 컨소시엄 블록체인</h3> <p>허가형 블록체인은 정부나 회사와 같은 단일 기관에서 운영하기 때문에 중앙 기관이 시스템에 대한 액세스와 노드 운영자를 제한할 수 있습니다. 또한 노드를 운영하는 사람에게는 많은 권한이 주어지며, 그 권한이 오용될 수도 있습니다.</p> <p>다음으로 프라이빗 블록체인을 살펴보면, 개념적으로는 이 유형의 블록체인은 항상 허가의 대상입니다. 그러나 실제로는 여기서 한 단계 더 나아갑니다. 프라이빗 블록체인은 노드를 운영할 수 있는 사람을 제한할 뿐만 아니라 시스템에 액세스할 수 있는 사람도 제한합니다. 이는 완전히 중앙 집중화된 시스템이며 이를 통해 기업은 사용자의 신원과 데이터를 보호할 수 있습니다. 이러한 특성 때문에 프라이빗 블록체인 시스템은 시스템과 해당 데이터에 대한 통제권을 유지하려는 정부나 산업 단체가 선호합니다.</p> <p>좋은 예로는 <a href="https://www.hyperledger.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Hyperledger</a>를 들 수 있으며, 이 경우, 사용자 데이터(예: 배송 정보)를 엿보는 사람이 접근하지 못하도록 비공개 시스템을 사용하는데, 투명한 블록체인을 사용하는 경우라면 개인 정보 보호 측면에서 리스크가 발생할 수 있습니다.</p> <p>반면 컨소시엄 블록체인도 허가형 블록체인이지만 단일 엔터티에 의해 관리되지 않고 자체 관리를 담당하는 조직 그룹입니다. 이 방법은 협력을 원하는 금융 시스템에서 널리 사용됩니다. 이러한 블록체인은 투표 시스템을 사용하여 변경 사항을 확인하기 때문에 트랜잭션을 빠르게 처리할 수 있습니다. </p> <p>그러나 이 모든 옵션은 매우 중앙 집중화된 방식입니다. 즉, 단일 실패 지점이 존재하며 전혀 안전하지 않습니다.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">무허가형 퍼블릭 블록체인</h3> <p>반대로, 무허가형 블록체인을 사용하면 누구나 네트워크에서 노드를 운영할 수 있습니다. 이 시스템에는 보통 전 세계에 뿔뿔이 흩어져 있는 참가자가 더 많습니다.</p> <p>이로 인해 프라이빗이나 허가형 블록체인 보다 속도가 느려집니다. 그래도 시스템이 클수록 나쁜 의도로 블록체인에 참여하는 부류를 단속하기는 더 쉽죠. 따라서 무허가형 블록체인의 분산형 특성으로 인해 프라이빗 블록체인보다 훨씬 더 안전합니다.</p> <p>개념상 허가가 없는 퍼블릭 블록체인도 있습니다. 누구든지 네트워크에 참여할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 모든 노드를 동등하게 취급하며 네트워크의 모든 데이터를 모든 참가자가 쉽게 사용할 수 있습니다. 퍼블릭 블록체인은 투명하고 안전하며 감사가 가능하기 때문에 암호화폐에 적합합니다. 퍼블릭 블록체인의 좋은 예는 비트코인 네트워크입니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">블록체인은 어떻게 작동하나요?</h2> <p>앞서 언급했듯이 블록체인 네트워크는 네트워크에 참여하는 모든 컴퓨터(노드라고도 함)에 데이터를 저장합니다. <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">크립토 노드</a>는 트랜잭션 검증 프로세스에 참여하여 네트워크 보안에 기여합니다. 이러한 각 노드는 정보를 블록에 저장합니다. 그런 다음 각 블록은 체인으로 배열됩니다. 네트워크가 트랜잭션을 처리할 때마다 체인이 늘어납니다.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="820" src="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/05/Playlist-1-Article-2_KR-1024x820.png" alt="" class="wp-image-204877" srcset="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/05/Playlist-1-Article-2_KR-1024x820.png 1024w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/05/Playlist-1-Article-2_KR-300x240.png 300w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/05/Playlist-1-Article-2_KR-768x615.png 768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/05/Playlist-1-Article-2_KR-1536x1230.png 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/05/Playlist-1-Article-2_KR.png 1810w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <p>그러나 노드는 읽을 수 있는 방식으로 정보를 저장하지 않고, 대신 암호화 해시를 사용합니다. 트랜잭션에 포함된 민감한 정보를 보호하기 위해 노드는 해당 정보를 숫자와 문자로 된 문자열로 변환하여 각 블록에 저장합니다.</p> <p>이 암호화 해시에는 해당 블록의 정보뿐만 아니라 체인의 이전 블록에 대한 정보도 포함됩니다. 즉, 누군가 한 블록을 변경하면 해당 해시도 변경되므로 체인의 모든 후속 블록도 변경됩니다. 이렇게 함으로써 잠재적인 편집 내용이 전체 네트워크에서 눈에 띄게 되므로 안전합니다. 트랜잭션이 블록체인 기록에 일찍 기록될수록 데이터를 변경하기가 더 어려워집니다. 이러한 특성으로 인해 블록체인은 귀중한 데이터를 저장하기 위한 고유한 매체로서 역할을 할 수 있는 것입니다. 더 자세히 알아보고 싶다면 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/how-does-a-blockchain-transaction-work" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">블록체인 트랜잭션</a> 및 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/f-%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8-%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%88/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">노드</a>와 그 작동 원리에 대한 글 전문을 읽어보세요.</p> <p>지금까지 블록체인이 정보를 저장하는 방법을 살펴보았습니다.</p> <p>그런데 “노드가 자신의 이익을 위해 네트워크 상태에 대해 거짓말을 할 수도 있는데, 그것을 어떻게 막지?”라는 의구심이 들 수도 있습니다.</p> <p>그런 거짓말을 막을 수 있을지 여부는 블록체인의 유형과 합의 메커니즘에 달려 있습니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">블록체인은 어떻게 보호되나요?</h2> <p>허가형 블록체인과 프라이빗 블록체인의 경우 일반적으로 통제 주체가 투표를 조직합니다. 그러나 비트코인이나 이더리움과 같은 퍼블릭 블록체인은 합의 메커니즘을 사용하여 보다 분산된 방식으로 보안을 유지합니다.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img decoding="async" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/fjm4YBTYlkjVBmxssZ8Ap7G9SXQjBoEqg4hyNo8TTzlqADRJjG5wzVyiEAYIsMGkZgU51H9vOfyJg4o2SoXK3UmdMs_9LogGh2x7nfTu-RtcfRhjKm-KPlhmJwaKgC0ZihtHfBN86cLXt54NlKvEGmdo1wdL7h2THdlpWouO3Ss42_9PQwSxOjKUAw" alt=""/></figure></div> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">합의 메커니즘이란?</h3> <p>이것이 퍼블릭 블록체인의 가장 영리한 부분입니다. 지구상에 수천 개의 노드가 흩어져 있으며, 이들 중 대다수는 블록체인에 참여하기 전에 각각의 새로운 트랜잭션을 검증해야 합니다. 블록이 추가되면 블록체인의 모든 노드는 동일한 상태에 도달해야 하며, 이를 합의 달성이라고 합니다.</p> <p> 블록체인 원장의 관리는 너무나 광범위하게 분산되어 있기 때문에 어느 한 주체가 네트워크를 제어하거나 거짓 정보를 인증하는 것은 불가능합니다. 이러한 특성 때문에 전체 네트워크의 보안이 유지됩니다. 그러나 이러한 노드가 트랜잭션을 처리하는 방식은 블록체인이 사용하는 합의 메커니즘에 따라 약간 다릅니다. 게다가 각 방법마다 일장일단이 있습니다.</p> <p>차이점을 완전히 이해하려면 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/consensus-protocols-how-are-blockchains-secure">합의 메커니즘의 개념</a>에 대한 전체 Ledger 아카데미 기사를 읽어보세요.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">다양한 합의 메커니즘</h3> <p>퍼블릭 블록체인에는 ‘작업 증명’ 및 ‘지분 증명’이라는 두 가지 주요 합의 메커니즘이 있습니다. 그러나 더욱 중앙화되고 사용 빈도가 낮은 몇 가지 다른 합의 방법도 있습니다.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/작업-증명이란/attachment/what-is-proof-of-work-2">작업 증명</a>(PoW)</strong>: 채굴자를 통해 많은 계산 능력이 필요한 복잡한 퍼즐을 풀어 새로운 코인을 생성하고 트랜잭션을 처리하는 느리고 안전한 합의 메커니즘으로, 채굴자가 시스템을 속이려고 해도, 거기에 들어가는 에너지 비용이 훨씬 더 많이 들기 때문에 애초에 그러한 시도를 할 이유가 없어 네트워크가 안전하게 유지될 수 밖에 없습니다. PoW 블록체인의 좋은 예는 비트코인입니다.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/blockchain/what-is-proof-of-stake" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">지분 증명</a>(PoS)</strong>: 검증인을 통해 트랜잭션을 처리하는 더 빠르고 에너지 효율적인 합의 메커니즘입니다. PoS 블록체인의 검증인은 신뢰성을 증명하기 위해 계산 능력을 사용하는 대신 상당한 양의 암호화폐를 담보로 사용합니다. 이에 대해 더 자세히 알아보려면 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/basic-basics/keep-growing-it/stake-your-crypto">암호화폐 스테이킹</a>에 대한 전체 기사를 읽어보세요. 어찌됐든 기본적으로 검증인은 명예롭게 행동하도록 인센티브를 받습니다. 한마디로 잘하면 상을 받고, 못되게 행동하면 벌을 받는 것이죠. 이 시스템을 사용하는 블록체인의 좋은 예는 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/what-is-ethereum">이더리움</a>입니다.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">블록체인에 대해 주목할 점</h2> <p>블록체인 기술하면 보통 암호화폐를 떠올리지만 실제로 이 기술은 그보다 더 많은 역할을 수행할 수 있습니다. 블록체인은 단지 암호화폐와 금융뿐만 아니라 다른 새로운 용도로도 사용할 수 있습니다.</p> <p>예를 들어, 일부 블록체인 네트워크는 블록체인 버전의 컴퓨터 프로그램과 유사한 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/blockchain/what-is-a-smart-contract" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">스마트 계약</a>을 실행할 수 있습니다. 스마트 계약은 지나치게 전문적이 않으면서 블록체인 기술에 전체적인 문화적 혁명을 불러 왔습니다.</p> <p>이 컴퓨터 프로그램을 사용하면 다양한 사용 사례를 갖춘 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/what-is-a-dapp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">블록체인 앱</a>을 만들 수 있습니다.</p> <p>예를 들어, 대출과 차용을 허용하는 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/the-defi-experience-in-ledger-live" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">탈중앙화 금융 앱</a>은 이 기능 덕분에 가능합니다. 또한 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/nfts/%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%B4-%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5-%ED%86%A0%ED%81%B0nft%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80-%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%94" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">대체 불가능한 토큰</a> 형태의 블록체인 게임과 블록체인 아트도 가능해졌습니다. 이러한 프로그램은 또한 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/the-ultimate-guide-to-the-sandbox-metaverse" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Sandbox</a> 및 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/decentraland-metaverse-explained" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Decentraland</a>와 같은 탈중앙화된 메타버스 플랫폼의 가능성을 열어주었습니다.</p> <p>실제로 블록체인 기술은 우리가 사물을 관리하는 방식을 바꿀 수도 있습니다. 토큰과 코인을 사용하면 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ko/academy/blockchain/what-is-a-dao" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">탈중앙화된 자율조직</a>(DAO) 형태로 복잡한 분산형 투표 시스템을 만들 수 있기 때문입니다.</p> <p>web3 산업의 혁신성이 더욱 확대됨에 따라 점점 더 많은 사용 사례가 생겨날 가능성도 함께 커집니다. 간단히 말해서, 블록체인 기술은 향후에도 계속해서 큰 잠재력을 발휘할 것이며, 미래에 또 어떤 변화를 가져올지 그 누구도 예단하기 어렵습니다.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://quest.ledger.com/quests/welcome-to-web3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-15-1024x576.png" alt="" class="wp-image-255248" srcset="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-15-1024x576.png 1024w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-15-300x169.png 300w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-15-768x432.png 768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-15-1536x864.png 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-15-490x275.png 490w, 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