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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Fasti Triumphales : Roman Triumphs</TITLE> <META content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" http-equiv=Content-Type> <META name="author" content="Andrew Smith"> <META name="description" content="Fasti Triumphales, a list of Roman Triumphs"> <META NAME="viewport" CONTENT="width=device-width"> <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../styles.css"> <LINK rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon2.ico"> </HEAD> <BODY CLASS="margins"> <A HREF="index.html"><IMG SRC="../back.jpg" ALT="back" ALIGN=RIGHT></A> Fasti Triumphales The Fasti Triumphales were published in about 12 B.C. They contain a list of triumphs from the foundation of Rome down to the reign of <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus">Augustus</A>. They are preserved as part of a larger inscription, the <A HREF="http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/931_Fasti_Consulares_et_Fasti_Triumphales.html">Fasti Capitolini</A>, which is now displayed at the Capitoline Museums in Rome. This translation is based on the edition by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attilio_Degrassi">A.Degrassi</A> {"Fasti Capitolini", 1954}. See the <A HREF="../info/translate_key.html">key to translations</A> for an explanation of the format. The numbers in red are the page numbers in Degrassi's edition. For information on how to interpret the list, see the <A HREF="#explanation">Explanation</A> at the end of the translation. For a general description of Roman triumphs, see <A HREF="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Triumphus.html">Triumphus</A> on the LacusCurtius website. <HR>   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p90">[p90]</A> 752/1   Romulus, son of Mars, king,   over the <A HREF="#_C">Caeninenses</A>, k.Mart. {1st March} [752/1]   Romulus, son of Mars {II}, king,   [over the <A HREF="#_A">Antemnates</A> ...]     [11 lines lost] [ ... ]     [Ancus Marcius ... king,   over the <A HREF="#_S">Sab]ines</A> and [<A HREF="#_V">Veientes</A> ...] [ ... ]     L. Tarquinius Priscus, son of Damaratus, king,   over the <A HREF="#_L">Latins</A>, k.Quint. {1st July} 588/7   L. Tarquinius Priscus, son of Damaratus {II}, king,   over the Etruscans, [k.A]pr. {1st April} 585/4   L. Tarquinius Priscus, son of Damaratus {III}, king,   over the <A HREF="#_S">Sabines</A>, id.Sext. {13th September} 571/0   Ser. Tullius, king,   over the Etruscans, 6 k.Dec. {25th November} 567/6   Ser. Tullius {II}, king,   over the Etruscans, 8 k.Jun. {25th May} [ ... ]     Ser. Tullius {III}, king,   over the Etruscans, 4 non.[...]   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p91">[p91]</A> [ ... ]     L. Tarquinius [Superbus, son of Priscus,] grandson of Damaratus, [king,   over the <A HREF="#_V">Volsci</A> ...] [ ... ]     L. Tarquinius Superbus, [son of Priscus, grandson of Damaratus {II}, king,   over the <A HREF="#_S">Sabines</A> ...] [509/8]   P. Valer[ius Volusi f. ... Poplicola,] consul,   [over the <A HREF="#_V">Veientes</A> and <A HREF="#_T">Tarquinienses</A>, k.Mart.] {1st March} [505/4]   M. Valerius [Volusi f. ... Volusus,] consul,   [over the Sabines ...] [505/4]   P. Postumius [Q.f. ... Tubertus,] consul,   [over the Sabines ...] [504/3]   P. Valerius [Volusi f. ...] Poplicola [{II}, [consul {IV},   over] the Sabines and <A HREF="#_V">Veientes</A>, [ ...] non.Mai. 503/2   P. Postumius [Q.f. ... Tubertus,] consul {II},   an o[vation over the Sabines], 3 non.Apr. {3rd April} 503/2   Agrippa [Menenius C.f. ...] Lanatus, consul,   over the [Sabines], pr. non.Apr. {4th April} 502/1   Sp. Cassius [ ... Vicellinus,] consul,   over [{?} the Sabines ...] [{?}496/5]   A. Postumius [P.f. ... Albus] Regillensis, [dictator,   over the <A HREF="#_L">Latins</A> ...] [494/3]   M'. Valerius [Volusi f. ... Maximus,] dictator,   [over the Sabines and <A HREF="#_M">Medullini</A> ...]     [6 lines lost]   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p92">[p92]</A> [486/5]   [Sp. Cassius ... Vicellinus {II}, consul {III}, over the <A HREF="#_V">Volsci</A>, <A HREF="#_H">Hernici</A>, ...] k.Jun. 475/4   [P. Valerius P.f. Volusi n.] Poplicola, [consul,   over the <A HREF="#_V">Veientes</A>] and <A HREF="#_S">Sabines</A>, k.Mai. {1st May} 474/3   [A. Manlius Cn.f. P.n. Vulso, consul,   an ovation over the Veientes], id.Mart. {15th March} [468/7]   [T. Quinctius L.f. L.n. Capitolinus Barbatus, consul {II},   over the <A HREF="#_V">Volsci</A> of Antium ...] [462/1]   [L. Lucretius T.f. T.n. Tricipitinus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_A">Aequi</A> and Volsci ...] [462/1]   [T. Veturius T.f. ...] Geminus [Cicurinus, consul,   an ovation over the Aequi] and [Volsci ...] [459/8]   [Q. Fabius M.f. K.n. Vibulanus, consul {III},   over] the Aequi [and Volsci ...] non.Mai. 459/8   [L.] Cornelius Ser.f. P.n. [Maluginensis Uritinus], consul,   over the Volsci of Antium, 4 id.Mai. {12th May} 458/7   [L.] Quinctius L.f. L.n. Cincinnatus, [dictator],   over the <A HREF="#_A">Aequi</A>, id.Sept. {13th September} 449/8   [L. Valerius] P.f. P.n. Poplicola Potitus, [consul],   over the Aequi, id.Sext. {13th August} 449/8   [M.] Horatius M.f. L.n. Barbatus, [consul,   over] the <A HREF="#_S">Sabines</A>, 7 k.Sept. {24th August}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p93">[p93]</A> 443/2   [M. Geganius] M.[f. ...] Macerinus, [consul {II},]   over the <A HREF="#_V">V[olsci]</A>, non.Sept. {5th September} 437/6   [M. Valerius M.f. M'.n. {?} Lactuca Maxi]mus, [consul,   over the ...], id.Sext. {13th August}     [25 lines lost]   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p94">[p94]</A> [367/6]   [M. Furius L.f. Sp.n. Camillus {IV}, dictator {V},   over the Gauls, ...].Nov. 361/0   [T. Quinctius ... Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, dictator,   over the Gauls, ...]nalia 361/0   [C. Sulpicius M.f. Q.n. Peticus, consul {II},   over the <A HREF="#_H">Hernici</A>, ... Ma]rt. 360/59   [C. Poetelius C.f. Q.n. Libo Visolus], consul,   over the Gauls and <A HREF="#_T">Tiburtes</A>, 4 k.Sext. {29th July} 360/59   M. Fabius N.f. M.n. Ambustus, consul,   an ovation over the Hernici, non.Sept. {5th September} 358/7   C. Sulpicius M.f. Q.n. Peticus {II}, dictator,   over the Gauls, non.Mai. {7th May} 358/7   C. Plautius P.f. P.n. Proculus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_H">Hernici</A>, id.Mai. {15th May} 357/6   C. Marcius L.f. C.n. Rutilus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_P">Privernates</A>, k.Jun. {1st June} 356/5   C. Marcius L.f. C.n. Rutilus, dictator,   over the Etruscans, pr. non.Mai. {6th May} 354/3   M. Fabius N.f. M.n. Ambustus {II}, [consul {III},]   over the <A HREF="#_T">Tiburtes</A>, 3 non.Jun. {3rd June} 350/49   [M. Popi]llius M.f. C.n. Laenas, consul {III},   over the Gauls, Quirinalia {17th February}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p95">[p95]</A> 346/5   [M. Va]lerius M.f. M.n. Corvus, consul {II},   over the <A HREF="#_V">Volsci</A> of Antium and the <A HREF="#_S">Satricani</A>, k.Feb. {1st February} 343/2   [M. Vale]rius M.f. M.n. Corvus {II}, consul {III},   over the Samnites, 10 k.Oct. {21st September} 343/2   [A. Cor]nelius P.f. A.n. Cossus Arvina, consul,   over the Samnites, 9 k.Oct. {22nd September} 340/39   [T.] Manlius L.f. A.n. Imperiosus Torquatus, consul {III},   over the <A HREF="#_L">Latins</A>, Campanians, <A HREF="#_S">Sidicini</A> and <A HREF="#_A">Aurunci</A>, 15 k.Jun. {18th May} 339/8   [Q. P]ublilius Q.f. Q.n. Philo, consul,   over the Latins, id.Jan. {13th January} 338/7   L. Furius Sp.f. M.n. Camillus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_P">Pedani</A> and <A HREF="#_T">Tiburtes</A>, 4 k.Oct. {27th September} 338/7   C. Maenius P.f. P.n., consul,   over the <A HREF="#_A">Antiates</A>, <A HREF="#_L">Lavinii</A> and <A HREF="#_V">Veliterni</A>, pr. k.Oct. {29th September} 335/4   [M. Vale]rius M.f. M.n. Corvus {III}, consul {IV},   over the <A HREF="#_C">Caleni</A>, id.Mart. {15th March} 329/8   [L.] Aemilius L.f. L.n. Mamercinus Privernas, consul {II},   over the <A HREF="#_P">Privernates</A>, k.Mart. {1st March} 329/8   C. Plautius P.f. P.n. Decianus, consul,   over the Privernates, k.Mart. {1st March} 326/5   Q Publilius Q.f. Q.n. Philo {II}, the first proconsul,   over the Samnites and <A HREF="#_P">Palaeopolitani</A>, k.Mai. {1st May} 324/3   L. Papirius Sp.f. L.n. Cursor, dictator,   over the Samnites, 3 non.Mart. {5th March} 322/1   L. Fulvius L.f. L.n. Curvus, consul,   over the Samnites, Quirinalia {17th February}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p96">[p96]</A> 322/1   Q. Fabius M.f. N.n. Maximus Rullianus, consul,   over the Samnites and <A HREF="#_A">Apulians</A>, 12 k.Mart. {18th February} 319/8   L. Papirius Sp.f. L.n. Cursor {II}, consul {III},   over the Samnites, 10 k.Sept. {21st August} 314/3   C. Sulpicius Ser.f. Q.n. Longus, consul {III},   over the Samnites, k.Quint. {1st July} 312/1   M. Valerius M.f. M.n. Maximus, consul,   over the Samnites and <A HREF="#_S">Sorani</A>, id.Sext. {13th August} 311/0   C. Junius C.f. C.n. Bubulcus Brutus, consul {III},   over the Samnites, non.Sext. {5th August} 311/0   Q. Aemilius Q.f. L.n. Barbula, consul {II},   over the Etruscans, id.Sext. {13th August} 309/8   L. Papirius Sp.f. L.n. Cursor {III}, dictator {II},   over the Samnites, id.Oct. {15th October} 309/8   Q. Fabius M.f. N.n. Maximus Rullianus {II}, proconsul,   over the Etruscans, id.Nov. {13th November} 306/5   Q. Marcius Q.f. Q.n. Tremulus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_A">Anagnini</A> and <A HREF="#_H">Hernici</A>, pr. k.Quint. {29th June} 305/4   M. Fulvius L.f. L.n. Curvus Paetinus, consul,   over the Samnites, 3 non.Oct. {5th October} 304/3   P. Sempronius P.f. C.n. Sophus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_A">Aequi</A>, 7 k.Oct. {24th September} 304/3   P. Sulpicius Ser.f. P.n. Saverrio, consul,   over the Samnites, 4 k.Nov. {29th October} 302/1   C. Junius C.f. C.n. Bubulcus Brutus {II}, dictator,   over the Aequi, 3 k.Sext. {30th July}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p97">[p97]</A> 301/0   M. Valerius M.f. M.n. Corvus {IV}, dictator {II},   over the Etruscans and <A HREF="#_M">Marsi</A>, 10 k.Dec. {21st November} [299/8]   M. Fulvius Cn.f. Cn.n. Paetinus, consul,   over the Samnites and <A HREF="#_N">Nequinates</A>, 7 k.Oct. {24th September} 298/7   Cn. Fulvius Cn.f. Cn.n. Maximus Centumalus, consul,   over the Samnites and Etruscans, id.Nov. {13th November} 295/4   Q. Fabius M.f. N.n. Maximus Rullianus {III}, consul {V},   over the Samnites, Etruscans and Gauls, pr non.Sept. {4th September} 294/3   L. Postumius L.f. Sp.n. Megellus, consul {II},   over the Samnites and Etruscans, 6 k.Apr. {27th March} 294/3   M. Atilius M.f. M.n. Regulus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_V">Volsones</A> and Samnites, 5 k.Apr. {28th March} 293/2   Sp. Carvilius C.f. C.n. Maximus, consul,   over the Samnites, id.Jan. {13th January} 293/2   [L. Papiriu]s L.f. Sp.n. Cursor, consul,   over the Samnites, id.Feb. {13th February} 291/0   [Q. Fabius Q.f. M.n. M]aximus [Gurges, proconsul,   over the Samnites, ...] k.Sext.     [21 lines lost] [282/1]   [C. Fabricius C.f. C.n. Luscinus, consul,   over the Samnites, <A HREF="#_L">Lucani</A> and <A HREF="#_B">Bruttii,</A>] 3 non.Mart. {5th March}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p98">[p98]</A> 281/0   [Q. Mar]cius Q.f. Q.n. Philippus, [consul,]   over the Etruscans, k.Apr. {1st April} 280/79   [Ti. Coru]ncanius Ti.f. Ti.n., consul,   over the <A HREF="#_V">Vulsinienses</A> and <A HREF="#_V">Vulcientes,</A>] k.Feb. {1st February} 280/79   [L.] Aemilius Q.f. Q.n. Barbula, proconsul,   over the <A HREF="#_T">Tarentines</A>, Samnites and <A HREF="#_S">Sallentini</A>, 6 id.Quint. {10th July} 278/7   C. Fabricius C.f. C.n. Luscinus {II}, consul {II},   over the <A HREF="#_L">Lucani</A>, <A HREF="#_B">Bruttii</A>, Tarentines and Samnites, id.Dec. {13th December} 277/6   C. Junius C.f. C.n. Brutus Bubulcus, consul {II},   over the Lucani and Bruttii, non.Jan. {5th January} 276/5   Q. Fabius Q.f. M.n. Maximus Gurges {II}, consul {II},   over the Samnites, Lucani and Bruttii, Quirinalia {17th February} 275/4   M'. Curius M'.f. M'.n. Dentatus {IV}, [consul {II},   over the Sa]mnites and king Pyrrhus, [...].Feb. 275/4   [L. Cornelius] Ti.f. Ser.n. Lentulus [Caudinus], consul,   over the Samnites and [Lucani], k.Mart. {1st March} 273/2   [C. Claudius] M.f. C.n. Canina, [consul {II},   over the <A HREF="#_L">Luca]ni</A>, Samnites [and <A HREF="#_B">Bruttii]</A>, Quirinalia {17th February} [272/1]   [Sp. Carvilius C.f. C.n. Ma]ximus {II}, [consul {II},   over the Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii] and <A HREF="#_T">Tarentines</A>, non.[...]   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p99">[p99]</A> [272/1]   L. Papirius L.f. [Sp.n.] Cursor {II}, consul {II},   over the Tarentines, [Lucani, Samnites] and Bruttii, [...] [270/69]   [Cn.] Cornelius [P.f. Cn.n. Blasio, consul],   over the <A HREF="#_R">Regini</A>, [...] [268/7]   [P.] Sempronius P.f. P.n. [Sophus, consul],   over the <A HREF="#_P">Picentes</A>, [...] [268/7]   Ap. Claudius Ap.f. C.n. [Russus], consul,   over the Picentes, [...] [267/6]   M. Atilius M.f. L.n. Regulus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_S">Sallentini</A>, 8 [k.Feb.] {23rd January} [267/6]   L. Julius L.f. L.n. Libo, consul,   over the Sallentini, 8 k.Feb. {23rd January} 266/5   D. Junius D.f. D.n. Pera, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_S">Sassinates</A>, 5 k.Oct. {26th September} 266/5   N. Fabius C.f. M.n. Pictor, consul,   over the Sassinates, 3 non.Oct. {5th October} 266/5   N. Fabius C.f. M.n. Pictor {II}, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_S">Sallentini</A> and <A HREF="#_M">Messapii</A>, k.Feb. {1st February} 266/5   D. Junius D.f. D.n. Pera {II}, consul,   over the Sallentini and Messapii, non.Feb. {5th February} 264/3   M. Fulvius Q.f. M.n. Flaccus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_V">Vulsinienses</A>, k.Nov. {1st November} 263/2   M'. Valerius M.f. M.n. Maximus Messalla, consul,   over the Carthaginians and Hieron king of the Sicilians, 16 k.Apr. {17th March}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p100">[p100]</A> 260/59   C. Duilius M.f. M.n., consul,   the first naval triumph, over the Sicilians and the Carthaginian fleet, k.Interk. 259/8   L. Cornelius L.f. Cn.n. Scipio, consul,   over the Carthaginians, Sardinia and Corsica, 5 id.Mart. {11th March} 258/7   C. Aquillius M.f. C.n. Florus, proconsul,   over the Carthaginians, 4 non.Oct. {4th October} [258/7]   C. Sulpicius Q.f. Q.n. Paterculus, consul,   over the Carthaginians and Sardinia, 3 non.Oct. {5th October} [257/6]   A. Atilius A.f. C.n. Caiatinus, praetor,   naval triumph over Sicily and the Carthaginians, 14 k.Feb. {17th January} [257/6]   C. Atilius M.f. M.n. Regulus, consul,   over the Carthaginians, [8 ... ] [256/5]   L. Manlius A.f. P.n. Vulso Longus, consul,   naval triumph over the Carthaginians [8 ... ] [254/3]   Ser. Fulvius M.f. M.n. Paetinus Nobilior, proconsul,   over the <A HREF="#_C">Cossurenses</A>, and naval triumph over the Carthaginians, 13 k.Feb. {18th January} 254/3   M. Aemilius M.f. L.n. Paullus, proconsul,   over the Cossurenses, and naval triumph over the Carthaginians, 12 k.Feb. {19th January} 253/2   Cn. Cornelius L.f. Cn.n. Asina, proconsul,   over the Carthaginians, 10 k.Apr. {23rd March} 253/2   C. Sempronius Ti.f. Ti.n. Blaesus, consul,   over the Carthaginians, k.Apr. {1st April} 252/1   C. Aurelius L.f. C.n. Cotta, consul,   over the Carthaginians and Sicilians, id.Apr. {13th April} [250/49]   L. Caecilius L.f. C.n. Metellus, proconsul,   over the Carthaginians, 7 id.Sept. {7th September} 241/0   C. Lutatius C.f. C.n. Catulus, proconsul,   naval triumph over the Carthaginians in Sicily, 4 non.Oct. {4th October}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p101">[p101]</A> 241/0   Q. Valerius Q.f. P.n. Falto, propraetor,   naval triumph from Sicily, pr. non.Oct. {6th October} 241/0   Q. Lutatius C.f. C.n. Cerco, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_F">Falisci</A>, k.Mart. {1st March} 241/0   A. Manlius T.f. T.n. Torquatus, consul {II},   over the Falisci, 4 non.Mart. {4th March} [236/5]   P. Cornelius L.f. Ti.n. Lentulus, consul,   over the Ligurians, id.Interk. [235/4]   T. Manlius T.f. T.n. Torquatus, consul,   over the Sardinians, 6 id.Mart. {10th March} [234/3]   Sp. Carvilius Sp.f. C.n. Maximus, consul,   over the Sardinians, k.Apr. {1st April} 233/2   Q. Fabius Q.f. Q.n. Maximus Verrucosus, consul,   over the Ligurians, k.Feb. {1st February} [233/2]   M'. Pomponius M'.f. M'.n. Matho, consul,   over the Sardinians, id.Mart. {15th March} 231/0   C. Papirius C.f. L.n. Maso, consul,   over the Corsicans, the first triumph on the Alban Mount, 3 non.Mart. {5th March} 228/7   Cn. Fulvius Cn.f. Cn.n. Centumalus, proconsul,   naval triumph over the Illyrians, 10 k.Quint. {21st June} 225/4   L. Aemilius Q.f. Cn.n. Papus, consul,   over the Gauls, 3 non.Mart. {5th March} 223/2   C. Flaminius C.f. L.n., consul,   over the Gauls, 6 id.Mart. {10th March} 223/2   P. Furius Sp.f. M.n. Philus, consul,   over the Gauls and Ligurians, 4 id.Mart. {12th March} [222/1]   M. Claudius M.f. M.n. Marcellus, proconsul,   over the <A HREF="#_I">Insubrian</A> Gauls and the Germans, k.Mart. {1st March}           - he brought back the spolia opima after killing the enemy leader, Virdumarus, at Clastidium     [some lines lost]   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p102">[p102]</A> [197/6]   [Q. Minucius C.f. C.n. Rufus, consul,]   over the G[auls and the Ligurians, on the] Alban [Mount, ...] [196/5]   M. Claudius M.f. M.n. Marcellus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_I">Insubrian</A> Gauls, 4 non.Mart. {4th March} [196/5]   Cn. Cornelius [ ... ] Blasio,   - because he had an irregular [command] in Nearer Spain, [he was allowed] an ovation [over the <A HREF="#_C">Celtiberi</A> ...] [195/4]   M. Helv[ius ... proconsul,   an ovation over the Celtiberi ... ] [195/4]   Q. Mi[nucius Q.f. L.n. Thermus,] proconsul,   [from Further Spain ... ] [194/3]   M. Por[cius M.f. Cato, proconsul,]   from [Nearer Spain ... ] [194/3]   T. Quinc[tius T.f. L.n. Flamininus,] proconsul,   [from Macedonia and king] Philippus [for three days ... ] [191/0]   M. Fulvius M.f. Ser.n. Nobilior proconsul,   an ov[ation from Further Spain], 15 k.Jan. {16 December}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p103">[p103]</A> [191/0]   P. Cornelius [Cn.f. L.n. Nasica, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_B">Boian</A> Gauls ... ] [189/8]   [L. Aemilius M.f. ... Regillus, pro]praetor,   naval triumph from Asia over king Antiochus, k.Feb. {1st February} [189/8]   L. Cornelius P.f. L.n. Scipio, proconsul,   from Asia over [king Antiochus, pr. k.Mart.] {28th February} [188/7]   Q. Fabius Q.f. Q.n. Labeo, [praetor,]   naval triumph [from] Asia over king Antiochus, non.Feb. {5th February} [187/6]   [M. Ful]vius M.f. Ser.n. Nobil[ior {II}, [consul,   over the Aetolians and Ceph[allenia, 10 k.Jan.] {21st December} [187/6]   [Cn. Manlius] Cn.f. L.n. Vulso, [consul,   from Asia over the Gauls, 3 non.Mart.] {5th March}     [about 19 lines lost] 178/7   [Ti. Sempronius P.f. Ti.n.] Gracchus, [proconsul,   over the <A HREF="#_C">Celt]iberi</A> and Spaniards, 3 non.F[eb.] {3rd February} 178/7   [L. Postumius] A.f. A.n. Albinus, pro[consul,   from] Lusitania and Spain, pr. non.Feb. {4th February} [177/6]   C. Claudius [Ap.f. P.n.] Pulcher, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_I">Istri</A> and Ligurians, k.Interk. [175/4]   Ti. Sempronius P.f. Ti.n. Gracchus {II}, proconsul,   from Sardinia, Terminalia {23rd February} [175/4]   M. Titin[ius ...] M.n. Curvus, pro[consul,   from Nearer Spain ... ]   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p104">[p104]</A> [175/4]   M. Aemilius M.f. M.n. Lepidus, consul {II},   over the Ligurians, 4 id.[Mart.] {12th March} [175/4]   P. Mucius Q.f. P.n. Scaevola, consul,   over the Ligurians, 4 id.[Mart.] {12th March} [174/3]   Ap. Claudius C.f. Ap.n. Centho, pro[consul],   an ovation from Celtiberia in Spain, [k.Mart.] {1st March} [172/1]   [C. Ci]cer[eius ... who had been] a scribe, propraetor,   on the Alban Mount from Corsica, k.Oct. {1st October} [167/6]   L. Aemilius L.f. M.n. Paullus {II}, proconsul,   from Macedonia and king Perseus, for three days, 4, 3, pr. k.Dec. {from 27th to 29th November} [167/6]   Cn. Octavius Cn.f. Cn.n., propraetor,   naval triumph from Macedonia and king Perseus, k.Dec. {1st December} 167/6   L. Anicius L.f. M.n. Gallus, propraetor,   over king Genthius and the Illyrians, Quirinalia {17th February}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p105">[p105]</A> 166/5   M. Claudius M.f. M.n. Marcellus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_C">Contrubian</A> Gauls, Ligurians and <A HREF="#_E">Eleates</A>, k.Interk. 166/5   [C. Sulpici]us C.f. C.n. Galus, consul,   over the Ligurian Ta[...]rni, 10 k.Mart. {20th February} [158/7]   [M. Fulvius] M.f. M.n. Nobilior, proconsul,   over Ligurian Eleates, 12 k.Sept. {19th August} [155/4]   [M. Claudius] M.f. M.n. Marcellus {II}, consul {II},   [over the ...]es and <A HREF="#_A">Apua[ni</A>, ... ] [155/4]   [P. Cornelius] P.f. Cn.n. [Scipio Nasica, consul {II]},   over the Dalmatians ... ]     [about 33 lines lost] 129   C. Sempronius C.f. C.n. Tuditanus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_I">Iapydes</A>, k.Oct. {1st October} 126   M'. Aquillius M'.f. M'.n., proconsul,   from Asia, 3 id.Nov. {11th November} 123   M. Fulvius M.f. Q.n. Flaccus, pro[consul,   over the Li]gurians, <A HREF="#_V">Vocontii</A> and <A HREF="#_S">Salluvii</A> [ ... ]   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p106">[p106]</A> [122]   C. Sextius C.f. C.n. Calvinus, proconsul,   over the Ligurians, Vocontii and Salluvii [ ... ] [122]   L. Aurelius L.f. L.n. Orestes, proconsul,   from Sardinia, 6 id.Dec. {8th December} [121]   Q. Caecilius Q.f. Q.n. Metellus Balearicus, proconsul,   over the <A HREF="#_B">Baleares</A>, pr. n[on... ] [120]   Q. Fabius Q.Aemiliani f. Q.n. Maximus, proconsul,   over the <A HREF="#_A">Allobroges</A> and Bituitus, king of the <A HREF="#_A">Arverni</A>, 10 k.[... ] [120]   Cn. Domitius Cn.f. Cn.n. Ahenobarbus, proconsul,   over the Arvernian Gauls, 16 k.[... ] [117]   L. Caecilius L.f. Q.n. Metellus Delmaticus, proconsul,   over the Dalmatians, 3 n[on... ] [117]   Q. Marcius Q.f. Q.n. Rex, proconsul,   over the Ligurian <A HREF="#_S">Styni</A>, 3 non.Dec. {3rd December} 115   M. Aemilius M.f. L.n. Scaurus, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_C">Carnian</A> Gauls, 5 [...De]c. 111   M. Caecilius Q.f. Q.n. Mete[llus, pro]consul,   from Sardinia, [id.Quin]t. {15th July} 111   [C. Caeci]lius Q.f. Q.n. [Metellus Capruarius, proconsul,   from Thrace, id.]Quint. {15th July}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p107">[p107]</A> 110   [M. Livius C.f. M.Aemiliani n.] Drusus, [proconsul,   over the <A HREF="#_S">Scordisci</A>] and Macedonians, k.Mai. {1st May} 107   [Q. Servilius Cn.f. Cn.n.] Caepio, pro[consul,   from Further Spain], 5 k.Nov. {28th October} 106   [Q. Caecilius L.f. Q.n. Metel]lus Numidicus, [proconsul,   over the Numidians and] king Jugurtha, [ ... ] 106   [M. Minucius Q.f. ... Rufus, pro]consul,   [over the <A HREF="#_S">Scordisci</A> and Thracians, [ ...]k.Sext. 104   [C. Marius C.f. C.n., consul {II},   over the Numidians and king Jugurtha, k.Jan.] {1st January}     [11 lines lost]     {the following line was crossed out, but then reinstated} 98   L. Cornelius P.f. L.n. Dolabella, proconsul,   from Further Spain over the <A HREF="#_L">Lusitani</A>, 5 k.Feb. {26th January} 93   T. Didius T.f. Ser.n. {II}, proconsul,   from Spain over the <A HREF="#_C">Celtiberi</A>, 4 id.Jun. {10th June} 93   P. Licinius M.f. P.n. Crassus, proconsul,   over the Lusitani, pr. id.Jun. {12th June} 89   Cn. Pompeius Sex.f. Cn.n. Strabo, consul,   over the <A HREF="#_P">Picentes</A> of Asculum, 6 k.Jan. {25th December}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p108">[p108]</A> 88   [P.] Servilius C.f. M.n. Vatia, propraetor,   [over ...], 12 k.Nov. {21st October} 81   [L. Cornelius L.f. P.n. Sull]a Felix, dictator,   [over king Mithridates,] 4, 3 k.Feb. {27th & 28th January} 81   [L. Licinius L.f. ... Murena, propraetor,   over king Mithridates, ... ]     [about 30 lines lost] [62]   [Q. Caecilius C.f. Q.n. Metellus Creticus, proconsul,   from the island of Crete, ...]k.Jun. 61   [Cn. Pompeius Cn.f. Sex.n. Magnus {III},] proconsul,   [from Asia, Pontus, Armenia, Paphla]gonia, Cappadocia, [Cilicia, Syria, the Scythians, the Jews, <A HREF="#_A">Alb]ania</A> and the pirates, [for two days, 3, pr. k.O] ct. {28th & 29th September] 54   [C. Pomptinus ..., propraetor,   over the <A HREF="#_A">Allobroges</A>, {?} 4 non.Nov.] {2nd November}     [about 16 lines lost] [45]   Q. Fabius Q.f. Q.n. Maximus, consul,   from Spain, 3 id.Oct. {13th October} [45]   Q. Pedius M.f., proconsul,   from Spain, id.Dec. {13th December} [44]   C. Julius C.f. C.n. Caesar {VI}, dictator {IV},   an ovation on the Alban Mount, 7 k.Feb. {26th January}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p109">[p109]</A> [43]   L. Munatius L.f. L.n. Plancus, proconsul,   from Gaul, 4 k.Jan. {29th December} [43]   M. Aemilius M.f. Q.n. Lepidus {II}, triumvir r.p.c., proconsul,   from Spain, pr. k.[Jan.] {31st December} [42]   P. Vatinius P.f., proconsul,   over Illyricum, pr. [k.Sext.] {31st July} [41]   L. Antonius M.f. M.n., consul,   from the Alps, [k.Jan.] {1st January} [40]   Imp. Caesar Divi f., triumvir r.p.c.,   an ovation because he made peace with M. Antonius [ ... ] [40]   M. Antonius M.f. M.n., triumvir r.p.c.,   an ovation because he made peace with Imp. Caesar [ ... ] [39]   L. Marcius L.f. C.n. Censorinus, consul,   from Macedonia, k.Jan. {1st January} [? 39]   C. Asinius Cn.f. Pollio, proconsul,   from the <A HREF="#_P">Parthini</A>, 8 k.Nov. {25th October} [38]   P. Ventidius P.f., proconsul,   from Mount Taurus and the Parthians, 5 k.Dec. {27th November} 36   Cn. Domitius M.f. M.n. Calvinus, proconsul,   from Spain, 16 k.Sext. {17th July} 36   Imp. Caesar Divi f. {II}, triumvir r.p.c. {II},   an ovation from Sicily, id.Nov. {13th November}   <A CLASS="ref" NAME="p110">[p110]</A> 34   T. Statilius T.f. Taurus, proconsul,   from Africa, pr. k.Jul. {30th June} 34   C. Sosius C.f. T.n., proconsul,   from Judaea, 3 non.Sept. {3rd September} 34   C. Norbanus C.f. Flaccus, proconsul,   from Spain, 4 id.Oct. {12th October}     [about 17 lines lost] [28]   [C. Carrinas C.f. ..., proconsul,   from Gaul,] pr. [id.Jul.] {14th July} [28]   L. Autronius P.f. L.n. Paetus, proconsul,   from Africa, 17 k.Sept. {16th August} 27   M. Licinius M.f. M.n. Crassus, proconsul,   from Thrace and the <A HREF="#_G">Getae</A>, 4 non.Jul. {4th July} 27   M. Valerius M.f. M.n. Messalla Corvinus, proconsul,   from Gaul, 7 k.Oct. {25th September} 26   Sex. Appuleius Sex.f. Sex.n., proconsul,   from Spain, 7 k.Feb. {26th January} 21   L. Sempronius L.f. L.n. Atratinus, proconsul,   from Africa, 4 id.Oct. {12th October} 19   L. Cornelius P.f. Balbus, proconsul,   from Africa, 6 k.Apr. {27th March} <HR> <A NAME="explanation">Explanation</A> Each line in the list of triumphs follows a fixed format, containing the following information: <UL> <LI> The year. In the inscription, the dates are given in years from the foundation of Rome ("Ab Urbe Condita"), on the assumption that Year One, the foundation of the city, was in 752 B.C. So for instance, the triumph of Messalla in 27 B.C. is recorded in the inscription as happening in year 726. In the translation, these dates have been converted into years B.C. However, it was not until 153 B.C. that the Roman civil year began at the start of the January; before then, it began in March. Therefore, the earlier Roman years correspond to parts of two Julian years. That is why in the list of triumphs for 266/5 B.C., the triumphs in September and October appear before the triumphs in February. <LI> The full name of the general. The great majority of the officers in the Roman republic came from a few noble families. One way to distinguish between members of the same family with similar names was to add the first names of their father and grandfather, with the abbreviations f(ilius) for "son of" and n(epos) for "grandson of", which have been kept in the translation. So L.Paetus, who celebrated a triumph in 28 B.C., is described as P.f. L.n. - son of P(ublius) and grandson of L(ucius). This format has been used even for the early kings, such as Romulus son of Mars. <LI> The official position held by the general at the time of the triumph. In the early republic the generals were usually annual magistrates, consuls or dictators, but later they were more often holding a command after their year of office, as promagistrates. <LI> Optionally, the number of the triumph. If the general celebrated more than one triumph, the number of this triumph is shown in brackets after the general's name. However, confusingly, the same system is used to show if the general held the same official position in more than one year. In the translation, this number always follows the official position. So, for instance, the line for 295/4 B.C. begins "Q. Fabius ... Rullianus {III}, consul {V}": this means that Rullianus was celebrating his third triumph, when he was consul for the fifth time. <LI> The name of the people or country who had been defeated. In the early republic, this is always the name of a tribe or nation, preceded by the Latin preposition "de", which is translated here as "over". Even if the general had conquered a town, the inscription uses the Latin word for the inhabitants of the town. Later on, when the Romans started conquering whole countries, this is often replaced by the name of the country, preceded by the Latin preposition "ex", which is translated here as "from". The name of the defeated general is never added, except that occasionally a defeated king is considered worthy of mention. <LI> The day of the year. In the inscription, the day is given in the traditional Roman format; in the translation, this Roman date is shown in italics, followed by the modern equivalent in brackets. The great majority of the dates belong to the <A HREF="http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/chron_rom_cal.htm#republican">Roman republican calendar</A>, which was used before Julius Caesar's reform of the calendar in 45 B.C. The republican year lasted for 355 days, and was only half-heartedly kept in line with the true solar year; so the modern equivalents can give a misleading appearance of exactness. For instance, modern scholars believe that the triumph of Aemilius Paullus, which he celebrated in 167 B.C. on the last three days of November according to the republican calendar, in fact occurred in early September according to the Julian calendar. </UL> <HR> Glossary of Tribes and Peoples <TABLE> <TR><TD> <A NAME="_A">Aequi</A> <TD> A tribe in the mountains on the eastern border of Latium <TR><TD> Albanians <TD> A tribe on the west side of the Caspian Sea <TR><TD> Allobroges <TD> A tribe by the river Rhone in Gaul <TR><TD> Anagnini <TD> Inhabitants of Anagnia, a town in Latium, the chief town of the Hernici <TR><TD> Antemnates <TD> Inhabitants of Antemnae, a town of the Sabines <TR><TD> Antiates <TD> Inhabitants of Antium, a town on the coast of Latium <TR><TD> Apuani <TD> A Ligurian tribe <TR><TD> Apulians <TD> Inhabitants of Apulia, in S.E. Italy <TR><TD> Arverni <TD> A tribe in Aquitania, southern Gaul <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Aurunci <TD> A tribe on the southern border of Latium <TR><TD> <A NAME="_B">Baleares</A> <TD> Inhabitants of the Balearic Islands <TR><TD> Boii <TD> A tribe of Gauls, who migrated to northern Italy, near Mutina {Modena} <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Bruttii <TD> Inhabitants of Bruttium, in the S.W. tip of Italy <TR><TD> <A NAME="_C">Caeninenses</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Caenina, a Sabine town in Latium <TR><TD> Caleni <TD> An Ausonian tribe in Campania <TR><TD> Carni <TD> An Alpine tribe, on the north-east border of Italy <TR><TD> Celtiberi <TD> A powerful tribe in central/N.E. Spain <TR><TD> Contrubii <TD> A tribe of Gauls, near the Alps <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Cossurenses <TD> Inhabitants of Cosyra, a small island near Malta <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> <A NAME="_E">Eleates</A> <TD> A Ligurian tribe, near the Alps <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> <A NAME="_F">Falisci</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Falerii, a town in Etrura <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> <A NAME="_G">Getae</A> <TD> Thracian tribe, by the river Danube <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> <A NAME="_H">Hernici</A> <TD> A Sabine tribe in Latium. <TR><TD> <A NAME="_I">Iapydes</A> <TD> A tribe in northern Illyricum. <TR><TD> Insubres <TD> A tribe of Gauls, who migrated to northern Italy, near Mediolanum {Milan} <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Istri <TD> Inhabitants of Istria, on the north-east coast of the Adriatic Sea <TR><TD> <A NAME="_L">Latins</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Latium, the region surrounding Rome <TR><TD> Lavinii <TD> Inhabitants of Lavinii, a town in Latium <TR><TD> Lucani <TD> Inhabitants of Lucania, in S.W. Italy <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Lusitani <TD> A tribe in western Iberia {modern Portugal} <TR><TD> <A NAME="_M">Marsi</A> <TD> A tribe in central Italy, to the east of Latium <TR><TD> Medullini <TD> Inhabitants of Medullia, a Sabine town in Latium <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Messapii <TD> Inhabitants of Messapia {Calabria}, in the S.E. tip of Italy <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> <A NAME="_N">Nequinates</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Nequinum, a town in Umbria, eastern Italy <TR><TD> <A NAME="_P">Palaeopolitani</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Palaeopolis, a Greek city in Campania <TR><TD> Parthini <TD> An Illyrian tribe, near Dyrrachium <TR><TD> Pedani <TD> Inhabitants of Pedum, a town in Latium <TR><TD> Picentes <TD> Inhabitants of Umbria, in eastern Italy <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Privernates <TD> Inhabitants of Privernum, a Volscian town in Latium <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> <A NAME="_R">Regini</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Rhegium, a Greek city on the coast of Bruttium <TR><TD> <A NAME="_S">Sabines</A> <TD> A tribe based in the mountains of central Italy <TR><TD> Sallentini <TD> A tribe in Calabria, S.E. Italy <TR><TD> Salluvii <TD> A tribe on the south coast of Gaul, between the Rhone and the Alps <TR><TD> Sassinates <TD> Inhabitants of Sassina {Sarsina}, a town in Umbria, eastern Italy <TR><TD> Satricani <TD> Inhabitants of Satricum, a city in Latium <TR><TD> Scordisci <TD> A Celtic tribe, to the north of Illyricum, by the river Sava <TR><TD> Sidicini <TD> An Ausonian tribe in N.W. Campania <TR><TD> Sorani <TD> Inhabitants of Sora, a Volscian town in Latium <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Styni <TD> A Ligurian tribe, near the Alps <TR><TD> <A NAME="_T">Tarentines</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Tarentum, a Greek city on the coast of Calabria <TR><TD> Tarquinienses <TD> Inhabitants of Tarquinii, a city in Etruria <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Tiburtes <TD> Inhabitants of Tibur, a town in Latium <TR><TD> <A NAME="_V">Veientes</A> <TD> Inhabitants of Veii, a city in Etruria <TR><TD> Veliterni <TD> Inhabitants of Velitrae, a Volscian town in Latium <TR><TD> Vocontii <TD> A tribe in sout-west Gaul <TR><TD> Volsci <TD> A tribe in Latium, by the river Liris <TR><TD> Volsones <TD> An unknown people - or perhaps an abbreviation of Vulsinienses <TR><TD> Vulcientes <TD> Inhabitants of Vulcii, a city in Etruria <TR><TD> Vulsinienses <TD> Inhabitants of Vulsinii, a city in Etruria </TABLE> <HR> <A HREF="../index.html">Attalus' home page</A>   |   29.02.16    |   <A HREF="../info/comments.html">Any comments?</A> </BODY> </HTML>