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Siward de Northumbrie — Wikipédia
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1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/30px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Vous lisez un « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles">bon article</a> » labellisé en 2019.</p> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Siward">Siward</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><b>Siward</b> (mort en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1055?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1055">1055</a>) est un comte anglais de la première moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle.</p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#000080;color:#FFF;">Siward</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Death_of_Earl_Siward_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Death_of_Earl_Siward_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="167"></a></span> <br> Portrait imaginaire de Siward par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Smetham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Smetham">James Smetham</a> (1861).</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Titre</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#BFC5F9; color:#000000"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comte_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comte de Northumbrie">Comte d'York<br> puis de toute la Northumbrie</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>(1023 x 1033) – <time datetime="1055" data-sort-value="1055" class="date-lien"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1055?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1055">1055</a></time></b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Monarque</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knut le Grand">Knut le Grand</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Pied-de-Li%C3%A8vre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Pied-de-Lièvre">Harold Pied-de-Lièvre</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_III_de_Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Knut III de Danemark">Hardeknut</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_le_Confesseur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard le Confesseur">Édouard le Confesseur</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prédécesseur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ric_H%C3%A5konsson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éric Håkonsson">Éric Håkonsson</a> (à York)<br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eadulf_III_de_Bernicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eadulf III de Bernicie">Eadulf</a> (à Bamburgh)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successeur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tostig_Godwinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tostig Godwinson">Tostig Godwinson</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Biographie</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de décès</span></th> <td><time datetime="1055" data-sort-value="1055" class="date-lien dday"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1055?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1055">1055</a></time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sépulture</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Olave_d%27York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église Saint-Olave d'York">église Saint-Olave</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Père</th> <td>Bjorn ?</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Conjoint</th> <td>Ælfflæd<br> Godgifu</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enfants</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osbeorn_Bulax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osbeorn Bulax">Osbeorn Bulax</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waltheof_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waltheof de Northumbrie">Waltheof</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Religion</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisme">christianisme</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #000080 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSiward_de_Northumbrie%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Probablement d'origine danoise, Siward commence sa carrière en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a> sous le règne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knut le Grand">Knut le Grand</a>. Il gouverne au nom du roi le sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northumbrie">Northumbrie</a>, autour de la ville d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a>, à partir de 1033 au plus tard. En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1041?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1041">1041</a>, il unifie toute la Northumbrie après la mort du comte de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bamburgh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bamburgh">Bamburgh</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eadulf_III_de_Bernicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eadulf III de Bernicie">Eadulf</a>, qui tenait la région au nord du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tees">Tees</a>. Son mariage avec Ælfflæd, la sœur d'Eadulf, lui permet vraisemblablement d'asseoir son autorité sur la région. Il étend par la suite son emprise sur les comtés anglais du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northamptonshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huntingdonshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a>, dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Midlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Midlands">Midlands</a>, et reprend peut-être aussi le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Strathclyde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Strathclyde">royaume de Strathclyde</a>.</p> <p>Siward envahit l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Écosse">Écosse</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1054?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1054">1054</a> et remporte une grande victoire sur le roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (roi d'Écosse)">Macbeth</a>, qui coûte cependant la vie à son fils aîné <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osbeorn_Bulax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osbeorn Bulax">Osbeorn</a>. Le comte meurt de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dysenterie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dysenterie">dysenterie</a> l'année suivante et est inhumé à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Olave_d%27York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église Saint-Olave d'York">église Saint-Olave</a> d'York. Son autre fils, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waltheof_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waltheof de Northumbrie">Waltheof</a>, devient à son tour comte de Northumbrie après la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_normande_de_l%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquête normande de l'Angleterre">conquête normande de l'Angleterre</a>.</p> <p>Plus de cinq siècles après sa mort, la campagne écossaise de Siward apparaît de manière romancée dans le dernier acte de la pièce <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Contexte"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Contexte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biographie"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Biographie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Origines"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sous_Knut_et_ses_fils"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sous Knut et ses fils</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sous_%C3%89douard_le_Confesseur"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sous Édouard le Confesseur</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_affaires_d'Angleterre"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Les affaires d'Angleterre</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'invasion_de_l'%C3%89cosse"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">L'invasion de l'Écosse</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mort_et_post%C3%A9rit%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Mort et postérité</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources_primaires"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources primaires</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources_secondaires"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sources secondaires</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Siward ne figure pas de manière prééminente dans les sources contemporaines. Il est à peine mentionné dans l'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encomium_Emmae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Encomium Emmae">Encomium Emmae</a></i> et la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vita_%C3%86dwardi_regis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vita Ædwardi regis">Vita Ædwardi regis</a></i> et ne fait l'objet que de quelques entrées dans la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronique_anglo-saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronique anglo-saxonne">Chronique anglo-saxonne</a></i> et les annales irlandaises. Les chroniqueurs anglo-normands du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_de_Worcester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean de Worcester">Jean de Worcester</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillaume_de_Malmesbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillaume de Malmesbury">Guillaume de Malmesbury</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_de_Huntingdon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri de Huntingdon">Henri de Huntingdon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orderic_Vital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orderic Vital">Orderic Vital</a> sont plus ou moins fiables en fonction de leurs propres sources, tout comme les textes centrés sur le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord_de_l%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord de l'Angleterre">Nord de l'Angleterre</a> attribués au moine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_de_Durham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siméon de Durham">Siméon de Durham</a> : l'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historia_regum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historia regum">Historia regum</a></i>, le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libellus_de_exordio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libellus de exordio">Libellus de exordio</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_primo_Saxonum_adventu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De primo Saxonum adventu">De primo Saxonum adventu</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_obsessione_Dunelmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De obsessione Dunelmi">De obsessione Dunelmi</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Rollason2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rollason2000-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagiographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagiographie">hagiographies</a> et les chroniques plus tardives, comme celles des Écossais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_de_Fordun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean de Fordun">Jean de Fordun</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Wyntoun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Wyntoun">Andrew Wyntoun</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="14ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècles), ne sont intéressantes que pour les traces de sources perdues qu'elles contiennent. L'une de ces sources pourrait être une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saga">saga</a> consacrée à la vie du comte : en effet, plusieurs anecdotes rapportées dans la <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Vita et Passio Waldevi</span></i> (une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagiographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagiographie">hagiographie</a> de son fils Waltheof) et par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_de_Huntingdon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri de Huntingdon">Henri de Huntingdon</a> présentent le ton caractéristique de ce type de récit<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson201956-57_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wilson201956-57-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Contexte">Contexte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Contexte" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Cnut_lands.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Carte montrant l'étendue du domaine de Knut." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cnut_lands.svg/220px-Cnut_lands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="511"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cnut_lands.svg/220px-Cnut_lands.svg.png" data-alt="Carte montrant l'étendue du domaine de Knut." data-width="220" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cnut_lands.svg/330px-Cnut_lands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cnut_lands.svg/440px-Cnut_lands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'empire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knut le Grand">Knut le Grand</a> s'étend sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danemark">Danemark</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Norv%C3%A8ge_(872-1397)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Norvège (872-1397)">Norvège</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La carrière de Siward débute sous le règne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knut le Grand">Knut le Grand</a> (1016-1035), se poursuit sous ceux de ses fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Pied-de-Li%C3%A8vre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Pied-de-Lièvre">Harold Pied-de-Lièvre</a> (1035-1040) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hardeknut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hardeknut">Hardeknut</a> (1040-1042) pour s'achever sous celui d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_le_Confesseur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard le Confesseur">Édouard le Confesseur</a> (1042-1066). Le plus important des quatre est celui de Knut, qui voit l'ascension d'un grand nombre de nouveaux venus sur la scène politique, dans des proportions que certains historiens n'hésitent pas à comparer aux années qui suivent la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_normande_de_l%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquête normande de l'Angleterre">conquête normande de 1066</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fleming199121-52_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fleming199121-52-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces « parvenus » sont issus de l'armée et la plupart n'ont pas de liens avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maison_de_Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maison de Wessex">dynastie saxonne</a> supplantée par Knut. Son empire s'étend aussi sur le Danemark et la Norvège, ce qui l'amène à déléguer une partie importante de son pouvoir à ces hommes forts lors de ses absences<sup id="cite_ref-Sawyer199410-22_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sawyer199410-22-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En Angleterre, ces hommes portent le titre d'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ealdorman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ealdorman">ealdorman</a></i> ou <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">earl</span></i> (« comte ») et administrent un ou plusieurs comtés au nom du roi. Avec le comte de Wessex <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Godwin_de_Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Godwin de Wessex">Godwin</a> et les comtes de Mercie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leofwine_(ealdorman)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leofwine (ealdorman)">Leofwine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leofric_de_Mercie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leofric de Mercie">Leofric</a>, Siward est l'un des principaux comtes au service de Knut<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming199149_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fleming199149-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le Nord de l'Angleterre se distingue alors du reste du pays. L'ancien royaume de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northumbrie">Northumbrie</a>, qui s'étendait du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humber">Humber</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mersey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mersey">Mersey</a> jusqu'au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firth_of_Forth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>, entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Strathclyde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Strathclyde">royaume de Strathclyde</a> à l'ouest et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alba_(royaume)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alba (royaume)">royaume d'Alba</a> au nord, n'est uni au royaume de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> que depuis les années 950<sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007232-240_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007232-240-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sa partie occidentale, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lancashire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, est habitée par une importante population d'ascendance mixte irlandaise et norvégienne, les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gall_G%C3%A0idheal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gall Gàidheal">Gall Gàidheal</a></i>. Les rois anglais de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maison_de_Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maison de Wessex">maison de Wessex</a> exercent leur autorité sur la Northumbrie par l'entremise de deux <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">ealdormen</span></i> : l'un gouverne la région au nord de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tees">Tees</a> à partir de la forteresse côtière de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bamburgh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bamburgh">Bamburgh</a>, l'autre le sud de la Tees depuis l'ancienne cité romaine d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rollason200365-66_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rollason200365-66-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007190,_211_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007190,_211-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher2003_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fletcher2003-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La fragmentation politique ne s'arrête pas là, puisque des magnats locaux, portant les titres de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thegn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thegn">thegn</a></i>, <i>hold</i> ou <i>high-reeve</i>, bénéficient d'une autonomie importante vis-à-vis des deux <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">ealdormen</span></i> et s'opposent parfois à eux, comme le <i>hold</i> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thurbrand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thurbrand">Thurbrand</a> dont la famille entretient une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faide">vendetta</a> avec la lignée de Bamburgh pendant plusieurs décennies<sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher2003_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fletcher2003-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bolton2009114-117_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bolton2009114-117-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Origines">Origines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Origines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les historiens considèrent généralement que Siward est d'origine danoise. La <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Vita Ædwardi regis</span></i> indique en effet qu'il est surnommé <i>Digri</i> ou <i>Digara</i>, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danois">danois</a> <i><span class="lang-da" lang="da"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/diger%23da" class="extiw" title="wikt:diger">diger</a></span></i>, qui signifie « fort » ou « corpulent<sup id="cite_ref-Aird2004_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aird2004-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ». La <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Vita et passio Waldevi</span></i>, l'hagiographie de son fils Waltheof, soutient qu'il est le fils d'un comte scandinave nommé Bjorn et fait remonter son ascendance jusqu'à l'union d'une femme et d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ours_blanc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ours blanc">ours blanc</a>, une hybridation courante dans le folklore des peuples germaniques<sup id="cite_ref-Aird2004_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aird2004-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce texte relate le voyage de Siward depuis la Scandinavie jusqu'à l'Angleterre, durant lequel il tue un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dragon_europ%C3%A9en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dragon européen">dragon</a> dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orcades?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orcades">Orcades</a> et rencontre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odin">Odin</a> déguisé en vieil homme, qui lui remet une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banni%C3%A8re_au_corbeau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bannière au corbeau">bannière à l'emblème du corbeau</a> et lui conseille de se rendre à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> pour offrir ses services au roi d'Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-Rauer2000125-133_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rauer2000125-133-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sous_Knut_et_ses_fils">Sous Knut et ses fils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sous Knut et ses fils" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Map_Siward-fr.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Carte permettant de situer les principaux lieux mentionnés dans l'article." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Map_Siward-fr.svg/220px-Map_Siward-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="1210"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 276px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Map_Siward-fr.svg/220px-Map_Siward-fr.svg.png" data-alt="Carte permettant de situer les principaux lieux mentionnés dans l'article." data-width="220" data-height="276" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Map_Siward-fr.svg/330px-Map_Siward-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Map_Siward-fr.svg/440px-Map_Siward-fr.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'Angleterre à l'époque de Siward. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La date exacte à laquelle Siward arrive en Angleterre est inconnue. Des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chartes_anglo-saxonnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chartes anglo-saxonnes">chartes</a> de 1019, 1024, 1032, 1033 et 1035 mentionnent un <i>Si</i>[<i>ge</i>]<i>ward minister</i>, « Siward le thegn », sans qu'il soit possible d'affirmer avec certitude qu'il s'agit du futur comte de Northumbrie. Ce n'est que dans une charte de 1033 qu'il peut être identifié de manière indubitable, car il apparaît en tant que <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Siward dux</span></i> sur une donation de Knut le Grand à l'archevêque d'York <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86lfric_Puttoc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ælfric Puttoc">Ælfric Puttoc</a>. L'année 1033 constitue donc un <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_de_locutions_latines_commen%C3%A7ant_par_T?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Loc-Terminus_ante_quem" title="Liste de locutions latines commençant par T">terminus ante quem</a></span></i> pour le début du règne de Siward en Northumbrie. Il est possible qu'il soit arrivé au pouvoir bien plus tôt, car la dernière mention de son prédécesseur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ric_H%C3%A5konsson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éric Håkonsson">Éric Håkonsson</a> date de 1023<sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle197923_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle197923-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher2003131_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fletcher2003131-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keynes199466_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Keynes199466-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rollason2003267_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rollason2003267-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Bien que Guillaume de Malmesbury affirme qu'Éric est chassé de son comté et contraint de rentrer en Norvège, les sources scandinaves sont unanimes pour dire qu'il est mort en Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-Keynes199458_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Keynes199458-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour l'historien Richard Fletcher, il serait mort au plus tard en 1028<sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher2003121,_131_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fletcher2003121,_131-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Son collègue William Kappelle considère qu'Éric cesse d'être comte en 1023 ou peu après, à la suite de quoi Knut nomme Carl, fils de Thurbrand, comme <i>hold</i> ou <i>high-reeve</i> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>. Carl aurait conservé ce titre même après l'avènement de Siward, ce dernier devenant simplement son supérieur direct à la place du roi<sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle197923_13-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle197923-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Timothy Bolton, un autre historien spécialiste de l'époque, rejette cette idée et envisage que le titre de comte soit resté vacant après la mort d'Éric, qu'il situe vers 1023. Il souligne que Knut semble n'avoir guère prêté attention à la Northumbrie avant les dernières années de son règne, un vide politique qui aurait permis à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ealdred_II_de_Bernicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ealdred II de Bernicie">Ealdred</a> d'accéder au pouvoir à Bamburgh dans la première moitié des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1020_en_Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1020 en Angleterre">années 1020</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bolton2009122-125_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bolton2009122-125-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>À la mort de Knut, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1035?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1035">1035</a>, plusieurs prétendants revendiquent le trône, parmi lesquels ses deux fils Harold et Hardeknut. Ce dernier, qui se trouve alors en Scandinavie, ne peut empêcher son demi-frère Harold de ceindre la couronne. En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1040?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1040">1040</a>, alors que Hardeknut se prépare à envahir l'Angleterre, Harold meurt inopinément, laissant le trône à son rival. Durant cette période troublée, Siward semble adopter une position de <span class="citation">« neutralité bienveillante ou prudente »</span> d'après l'historien Frank Barlow<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow197057_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow197057-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Deux événements le concernant sont rapportés pour l'année <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1041?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1041">1041</a>. Après le meurtre de deux collecteurs d'impôts, Hardeknut lance une expédition punitive contre la ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Worcester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Worcester">Worcester</a> et son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Worcester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale de Worcester">abbaye</a>. Jean de Worcester signale la participation de Siward à ce raid de représailles<sup id="cite_ref-Aird2004_11-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aird2004-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> raconte par ailleurs que le comte de Bamburgh <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eadulf_III_de_Bernicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eadulf III de Bernicie">Eadulf</a>, le successeur d'Ealdred, est <span class="citation">« trahi »</span> par le roi Hardeknut cette année-là<sup id="cite_ref-Swanton1996162_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Swanton1996162-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Libellus de exordio</span></i> et d'autres sources précisent qu'Eadulf est attaqué et tué par Siward, ce qui suggère qu'il agit au nom du roi<sup id="cite_ref-Rollason2000170-171_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rollason2000170-171-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce faisant, il devient comte de toute la Northumbrie. C'est la première fois depuis la mort d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uchtred_le_Hardi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uchtred le Hardi">Uchtred le Hardi</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1016?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1016">1016</a>, que la région est réunie sous l'autorité d'un seul baron. Il est possible que Siward ait pu se prévaloir de son mariage avec Ælfflæd, la sœur d'Eadulf, pour recueillir la succession du comte de Bamburgh, mais on ignore s'il s'est marié avec elle avant ou après la mort de son frère<sup id="cite_ref-Morris199214_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Morris199214-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les successeurs d'Uchtred à Bamburgh n'apparaissent jamais à la cour anglaise, ce qui implique peut-être un état de rébellion vis-à-vis du pouvoir royal. Dans ce cas, le roi aurait pu encourager Siward à le débarrasser d'un vassal rebelle ou déloyal, qui est du reste son principal rival dans la région<sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle197924_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle197924-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <center> <div class="timeline-wrapper"> <map name="timeline_4i9kw6tf4jhv0g9gm3fsc94glu4r8kj"></map><img usemap="#timeline_4i9kw6tf4jhv0g9gm3fsc94glu4r8kj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fr/timeline/4i9kw6tf4jhv0g9gm3fsc94glu4r8kj.png"> </div> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sous_Édouard_le_Confesseur"><span id="Sous_.C3.89douard_le_Confesseur"></span>Sous Édouard le Confesseur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sous Édouard le Confesseur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Les_affaires_d'Angleterre"><span id="Les_affaires_d.27Angleterre"></span>Les affaires d'Angleterre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les affaires d'Angleterre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Extrait d'une page de manuscrit rédigée en petits caractères noirs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="959"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg" data-alt="Extrait d'une page de manuscrit rédigée en petits caractères noirs." data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg/330px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg/440px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1043.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'entrée pour l'année <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1043?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1043">1043</a> dans le manuscrit D de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronique_anglo-saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronique anglo-saxonne">Chronique anglo-saxonne</a></i> rapporte la participation de Siward (orthographié <i>Sigwarð</i>) à l'expédition contre la reine-mère <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emma_de_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emma de Normandie">Emma de Normandie</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après avoir régné deux ans, le roi d'Angleterre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_III_de_Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Knut III de Danemark">Hardeknut</a> meurt le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1042-06-14" data-sort-value="1042-06-14">8 juin 1042</time>. La succession se fait sans heurt au profit d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_le_Confesseur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard le Confesseur">Édouard le Confesseur</a>, un rejeton de l'ancienne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maison_de_Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maison de Wessex">maison de Wessex</a>, qui est sacré le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1043-04-09" data-sort-value="1043-04-09">3 avril 1043</time>. Siward semble avoir entretenu de bonnes relations avec le nouveau roi, au point d'avoir été l'un de ses principaux soutiens. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1043-11-22" data-sort-value="1043-11-22">16 novembre 1043</time>, il accompagne le roi avec les comtes Godwine de Wessex et Leofric de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercie">Mercie</a> contre la reine-mère <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emma_de_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emma de Normandie">Emma de Normandie</a> afin de la dépouiller de ses nombreuses richesses. Édouard accuse sa mère de trahison et dépose son proche conseiller, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque_d%27Elmham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Évêque d'Elmham">évêque d'Elmham</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stigand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stigand">Stigand</a><sup id="cite_ref-Barlow197076-77_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow197076-77-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1051, Siward lève des troupes pour défendre le roi contre la révolte du comte Godwine et de ses fils, qui sont finalement contraints à l'exil. Le soutien de Siward et Leofric est crucial pour Édouard, mais ils semblent avoir été réticents à affronter leur pair sur le champ de bataille, ce qui expliquerait pourquoi le roi est contraint de rappeler Godwine d'exil pour le rétablir dans ses titres dès l'année suivante<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow1970107-119_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow1970107-119-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mason200463_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mason200463-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Siward apparaît comme témoin sur de nombreuses chartes du règne d'Édouard. Il figure généralement en troisième position dans la liste des comtes, après Godwine et Leofric, mais avant les fils de Godwine et les autres comtes<sup id="cite_ref-Baxter200734_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baxter200734-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>D'après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillaume_de_Poitiers_(chroniqueur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillaume de Poitiers (chroniqueur)">Guillaume de Poitiers</a>, Siward fait partie de ceux ayant juré de reconnaître <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillaume_le_Conqu%C3%A9rant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillaume le Conquérant">Guillaume le Conquérant</a> comme héritier du roi Édouard<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow1970107_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow1970107-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce serment est également prêté par les comtes Godwin et Leofric, ainsi que par Stigand, devenu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque_de_Winchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évêque de Winchester">évêque de Winchester</a> en 1047 après avoir reçu le pardon du roi<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow197078_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow197078-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans la mesure où la chronique de Guillaume de Poitiers est favorable au Conquérant et à ses revendications, la véracité de cet événement n'est pas assurée. Si ces serments ont bien été prêtés, c'est vraisemblablement en 1051 ou peu avant, au moment où l'archevêque <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_de_Jumi%C3%A8ges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert de Jumièges">Robert de Jumièges</a> se rend à Rome pour y recevoir son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pallium_(christianisme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pallium (christianisme)">pallium</a><sup id="cite_ref-Barlow1970107_29-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow1970107-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Certains éléments suggèrent que Siward acquiert le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northamptonshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1040_en_Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1040 en Angleterre">années 1040</a>, puis le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huntingdonshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a> dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1050_en_Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1050 en Angleterre">années 1050</a>, étendant ainsi son autorité vers le sud<sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle197929_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle197929-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En effet, des ordonnances royales lui sont adressées en sa qualité de comte de ces deux comtés, et ses descendants restent davantage associés à cette région qu'à la Northumbrie. D'après la <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Vita et Passio Waldevi</span></i>, Siward aurait été nommé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comte_de_Huntingdon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comte de Huntingdon">comte de Huntingdon</a> après avoir tué le précédent détenteur du titre, un certain Tostig, avant même de recevoir la Northumbrie, mais cette version des faits ne correspond pas à la chronologie des chartes et constitue sans doute une invention<sup id="cite_ref-Aird2004_11-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aird2004-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harmer1952303-304_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Harmer1952303-304-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est aussi possible qu'il ait ramené le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumberland_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumberland (comté)">Cumberland</a> dans le giron northumbrien, dans l'hypothèse où cette région serait passée sous le contrôle du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Strathclyde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Strathclyde">royaume de Strathclyde</a>, mais cette idée reste débattue dans la mesure où elle repose sur une formulation ambigüe dans un document émis par un certain Gospatrick qui est soit le comte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gospatrick_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gospatrick de Northumbrie">Gospatrick</a>, soit le fils du comte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uchtred_le_Hardi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uchtred le Hardi">Uchtred le Hardi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Phythian-Adams1996131-152,_174-181_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Phythian-Adams1996131-152,_174-181-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle197943-44_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle197943-44-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Les relations de Siward avec l'Église northumbrienne sont le mieux connues dans la région de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durham_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durham (Royaume-Uni)">Durham</a>. Par son mariage avec Ælfflæd, le comte acquiert des domaines dans la région de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tees">Tees</a> qui sont revendiqués par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque_de_Durham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évêque de Durham">évêché de Durham</a>. La situation est à son avantage, car l'évêque <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86thelric_(%C3%A9v%C3%AAque_de_Durham)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Æthelric (évêque de Durham)">Æthelric</a> a été chassé par son propre clergé en 1045 ou 1046. D'après le <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Libellus de exordio</span></i>, c'est en versant un pot-de-vin à Siward qu'Æthelric peut récupérer son siège, sans que le clergé de Durham, <span class="citation">« terrifié et écrasé par la puissance effroyable du comte »</span>, n'ose élever d'objection. Malgré cela, Siward ne souffre pas d'une mauvaise réputation dans les textes produits ultérieurement par les moines de Durham, ce qui suggère que ses relations avec cette communauté religieuse sont dans l'ensemble bonnes<sup id="cite_ref-Aird199853-54_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aird199853-54-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="L'invasion_de_l'Écosse"><span id="L.27invasion_de_l.27.C3.89cosse"></span>L'invasion de l'Écosse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : L'invasion de l'Écosse" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Dunsinane_Hill.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Photo aérienne d'une colline au sommet dénudé." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dunsinane_Hill.jpg/220px-Dunsinane_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="3040"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dunsinane_Hill.jpg/220px-Dunsinane_Hill.jpg" data-alt="Photo aérienne d'une colline au sommet dénudé." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dunsinane_Hill.jpg/330px-Dunsinane_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dunsinane_Hill.jpg/440px-Dunsinane_Hill.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La bataille ayant opposé Siward à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (roi d'Écosse)">Macbeth</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1054-08-02" data-sort-value="1054-08-02">27 juillet 1054</time> est traditionnellement située à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunsinane_Hill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunsinane Hill">Dunsinane</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1054?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1054">1054</a>, Siward mène une campagne contre le roi écossais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (roi d'Écosse)">Macbeth</a> pour des raisons qui ne sont pas claires. D'après le <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Libellus de exordio</span></i>, le roi écossais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duncan_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duncan Ier">Duncan <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a> envahit la Northumbrie et assiège Durham en 1039 ou 1040<sup id="cite_ref-Rollason2000169_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rollason2000169-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007254-255_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007254-255-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans l'année qui suit, Duncan est déposé et tué par Macbeth, au même moment où le comte Eadulf de Bamburgh est tué par Siward. Bien que le texte n'associe pas ces deux événements, ils sont vraisemblablement liés<sup id="cite_ref-Aird199853_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aird199853-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007254-255_37-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007254-255-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <i>Annales de Lindisfarne et Durham</i> (début du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle) indiquent qu'en 1046, Siward envahit l'Écosse et détrône Macbeth, mais ce dernier reprend le pouvoir une fois Siward rentré en Angleterre. L'historien William Kapelle considère que cette annale relate un événement authentique et la relie à l'entrée des <i>Annales de Tigernach</i> pour 1045, qui mentionne une bataille entre Scots à la suite de laquelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cr%C3%ADn%C3%A1n_de_Dunkeld?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crínán de Dunkeld">Crínán de Dunkeld</a>, le père de Duncan, trouve la mort. Pour Kapelle, Siward aurait essayé de remplacer Macbeth par Maldred, un autre fils de Crínán<sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle197946_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle197946-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En revanche, l'historien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alex_Woolf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alex Woolf">Alex Woolf</a> considère que la campagne relatée dans les <i>Annales de Lindisfarne et Durham</i> est celle de 1054, datée à tort de 1046<sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007259_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007259-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Durant l'invasion de 1054, une bataille prend place à un endroit indéterminé au nord du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firth_of_Forth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>. Elle est traditionnellement située à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunsinane_Hill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunsinane Hill">Dunsinane</a>, mais le premier à en faire mention est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Wyntoun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Wyntoun">Andrew Wyntoun</a>, au <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Aitchison199990,_172-173_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aitchison199990,_172-173-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan200235-36_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duncan200235-36-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C'est sur cette tradition, reprise par les historiens de la Renaissance, que s'appuie le dramaturge <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> pour dépeindre la bataille entre Anglais et Écossais dans le dernier acte de sa tragédie <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Baldo200897-98_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baldo200897-98-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> indique que la bataille se déroule le <time class="nowrap" datetime="07-27" data-sort-value="07-27">27 juillet</time> et que les Anglais en sortent vainqueurs, bien que Siward y perde son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osbeorn_Bulax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osbeorn Bulax">Osbeorn Bulax</a> et son neveu, un autre Siward :</p> <blockquote> <p>« Ici le comte Siward se rendit avec une grande armée en Écosse, avec une flotte et une troupe ; et il combattit les Écossais, et mit en déroute le roi Macbeth, et tua les meilleurs hommes du pays, et ramena un grand butin, comme nul n'en avait jamais ramené ; et là furent tués son fils Osbeorn, et le fils de sa sœur Siward, et certains de ses <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Housecarl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Housecarl">housecarls</a> et aussi certains du roi, le jour des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sept_Dormants_d%27%C3%89ph%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sept Dormants d'Éphèse">Sept Dormants</a><sup id="cite_ref-Swanton1996185_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Swanton1996185-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. »</p> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Extrait d'une page de manuscrit rédigée en petits caractères noirs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="789"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 97px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg" data-alt="Extrait d'une page de manuscrit rédigée en petits caractères noirs." data-width="220" data-height="97" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg/330px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg/440px-Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_MS_D_1054.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'entrée pour l'année 1054 dans le manuscrit D de la <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> rapporte la « bataille des Sept Dormants ». </figcaption> </figure> <p>Jean de Worcester, qui s'appuie sur une autre version de la <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i>, précise les noms de deux autres victimes de la bataille, les Normands <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osbern_Pentecost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osbern Pentecost">Osbern Pentecost</a> et Hugues, qui avaient rejoint Macbeth après avoir fui l'Angleterre. L'affrontement apparaît aussi dans les annales irlandaises, brièvement dans les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annales_de_Tigernach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Annales de Tigernach">Annales de Tigernach</a></i> et de manière plus détaillée dans les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annales_d%27Ulster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Annales d'Ulster">Annales d'Ulster</a></i> qui rapportent la mort d'un certain Dolfinn, fils de Finntor du côté anglais, probablement un chef des Gall Gàidheal<sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007261_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007261-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Une anecdote rapportée par Henri de Huntingdon concerne peut-être la mort d'Osbeorn et la campagne de 1054, bien que la chronologie des évènements soit différente :</p> <blockquote> <p>« Vers cette période, Siward, le puissant comte de Northumbrie, presque un géant par la taille, très fort d'esprit et de corps, envoya son fils conquérir l'Écosse. Quand ils revinrent et rapportèrent à son père qu'il avait été tué au combat, il demanda : a-t-il reçu sa blessure fatale à l'avant ou à l'arrière du corps ? Les messagers répondirent : À l'avant. Alors il dit : cela me remplit de joie, car je ne considère aucune autre mort comme digne de moi ou de mon fils. Puis Siward se rendit en Écosse et vainquit son roi au combat, dévasta le royaume tout entier et, l'ayant détruit, le soumit à son autorité<sup id="cite_ref-Greenway200221_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Greenway200221-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. »</p> </blockquote> <p>D'après Jean de Worcester, après sa victoire, Siward place un certain <span class="citation">« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malcolm_(fils_du_roi_des_Cumbriens)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malcolm (fils du roi des Cumbriens)">Máel Coluim, fils du roi des Cumbriens</a> »</span>, sur le trône écossais. L'identité exacte de ce Máel Coluim (Malcolm) et les raisons pour lesquelles Siward lui a apporté son aide restent incertaines. L'historiographie traditionnelle considère qu'il s'agit de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malcolm_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malcolm III">Malcolm <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> et que Siward cherchait à évincer Macbeth à son profit. Cette interprétation repose sur la chronique de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_de_Fordun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean de Fordun">Jean de Fordun</a> et d'autres sources plus anciennes, comme Guillaume de Malmesbury, mais ce dernier n'est pas un modèle de fiabilité : il affirme que Macbeth a été tué au combat par Siward, alors que le comte est mort deux ans avant lui. En 2002, l'historien écossais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archie_Duncan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archie Duncan">Archie Duncan</a> estime que les chroniqueurs ultérieurs se sont basés sur la <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> pour identifier à tort le <span class="citation">« fils du roi des Cumbriens »</span> au roi écossais homonyme<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan200237-41_47-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duncan200237-41-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Máel Coluim pourrait être plutôt un fils d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Owen_le_Chauve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Owen le Chauve">Owain Foel</a>, roi breton du Strathclyde<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan200241_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duncan200241-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, peut-être par une fille de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malcolm_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malcolm II">Malcolm <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a><sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007262_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007262-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La campagne de 1054 n'aurait donc pas entraîné de changement à la tête du royaume d'Écosse<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan200240_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duncan200240-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sa principale conséquence serait plutôt l'imposition de la suzeraineté northumbrienne à des terres bretonnes jusqu'alors sous domination écossaise. Máel Coluim aurait été un prince cumbrien contraint d'accepter la protection anglaise<sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007262-263_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007262-263-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Plusieurs indices suggèrent que le Strathclyde se trouve sous contrôle anglais à cette époque, notamment les traces de maçonnerie northumbrienne du <abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle retrouvées à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Mungo_de_Glasgow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Saint-Mungo de Glasgow">cathédrale de Glasgow</a> et les textes du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle qui affirment que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archev%C3%AAque_de_Glasgow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archevêque de Glasgow">évêques de Glasgow</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Magsuen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Magsuen (page inexistante)">Magsuen</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Scotus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Johannes Scotus (page inexistante)">Johannes Scotus</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scotus_(bishop_of_Mecklenburg)" class="extiw" title="en:John Scotus (bishop of Mecklenburg)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « John Scotus (bishop of Mecklenburg) »">(en)</span></a> ont été sacrés par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archev%C3%AAque_d%27York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archevêque d'York">archevêque d'York</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cynesige?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cynesige">Cynesige</a> entre 1051 et 1060<sup id="cite_ref-Woolf2007263_52-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woolf2007263-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mort_et_postérité"><span id="Mort_et_post.C3.A9rit.C3.A9"></span>Mort et postérité</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Mort et postérité" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Death_of_Earl_Siward_(Smetham).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Tableau représentant un homme en armure soutenu par un homme plus petit et une femme en robe blanche." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg/170px-Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="269" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="725"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 269px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg/170px-Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg" data-alt="Tableau représentant un homme en armure soutenu par un homme plus petit et une femme en robe blanche." data-width="170" data-height="269" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg/255px-Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg/340px-Death_of_Earl_Siward_%28Smetham%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i>La Mort du comte Siward</i> par le peintre préraphaélite britannique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Smetham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Smetham">James Smetham</a> (1861). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le chroniqueur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_de_Huntingdon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri de Huntingdon">Henri de Huntingdon</a> raconte que Siward, frappé de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dysenterie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dysenterie">dysenterie</a>, craint de mourir <span class="citation">« comme une vache »</span>. Préférant mourir comme un soldat, il endosse son armure et se munit d'une hache et d'un bouclier. C'est ainsi apprêté qu'il serait mort<sup id="cite_ref-Greenway200222_53-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Greenway200222-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette anecdote provient vraisemblablement de la saga perdue du comte Siward, et son historicité est douteuse<sup id="cite_ref-Mason200488-89_54-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mason200488-89-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La <i>Vita Ædwardi regis</i> et la <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> précisent qu'il est mort à York et inhumé au <span class="citation">« monastère de saint Olaf »</span> qu'il a fondé à <i>Galmanho</i>, qui correspond à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Olave_d%27York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église Saint-Olave d'York">église Saint-Olave</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palliser201464_55-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Palliser201464-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il s'agit du seul cas de sépulture dans une église d'un individu autre qu'un roi attesté avant la conquête normande<sup id="cite_ref-Daniell1970186_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Daniell1970186-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une colline au sud-est d'York porte le nom de <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Siward's Howe</span>, vraisemblablement parce que le comte y rendait la justice<sup id="cite_ref-Baxter2007103_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baxter2007103-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Des deux fils de Siward et Ælfflæd, seul <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waltheof_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waltheof de Northumbrie">Waltheof</a> lui survit. Il devient ultérieurement comte dans les Midlands, puis en Northumbrie. Pour s'être révolté contre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillaume_le_Conqu%C3%A9rant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillaume le Conquérant">Guillaume le Conquérant</a>, il est exécuté en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1076?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1076">1076</a>. Par la suite, il est vénéré comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint">saint</a> à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbaye_de_Crowland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbaye de Crowland">abbaye de Crowland</a>. Par le mariage de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maud_de_Huntingdon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maud de Huntingdon">Maud</a>, la fille de Waltheof, avec le roi écossais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Ier_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Ier (roi d'Écosse)">David <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, Siward est l'ancêtre des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_d%27%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des monarques d'Écosse">monarques écossais</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des monarques britanniques">britanniques</a> ultérieurs<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis2004_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lewis2004-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Une source indirecte permet d'affirmer que Siward a également été marié à une certaine Godgifu, morte avant lui. Dans une charte, Siward conclut un accord avec l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Peterborough?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale de Peterborough">abbaye de Peterborough</a> afin de conserver jusqu'à sa mort les domaines de Belmesthorpe et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ryhall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ryhall">Ryhall</a>, promis à l'abbaye par Godgifu<sup id="cite_ref-Aird2004_11-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aird2004-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Puisqu'aucune source ne précise le nom de la mère d'Osbeorn, il est possible que Waltheof et lui ne soient que demi-frères. L'historien William Kapelle propose que Siward ait envisagé de partager son comté entre ses fils à sa mort : le sud à Osbeorn et le nord (lié à la famille de sa mère Ælfflæd) à Waltheof<sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle197931_59-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle197931-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Bien que Siward soit mort plus de dix ans avant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_le_Confesseur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard le Confesseur">Édouard le Confesseur</a>, le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domesday_Book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></i> le mentionne parmi les propriétaires terriens anglais au début de l'année 1066. Quatre manoirs lui sont attribués, trois dans le Yorkshire et un dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Derbyshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, qui deviennent la propriété du comte de Chester <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugues_d%27Avranches?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugues d'Avranches">Hugues d'Avranches</a> après la conquête normande. Leur valeur est estimée à 212 <abbr class="abbr" title="livre sterling">£</abbr>, contre 136 <abbr class="abbr" title="livre sterling">£</abbr> pour les propriétés de son fils Waltheof, éparpillées dans neuf comtés différents<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke1994220-224_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clarke1994220-224-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette estimation est vraisemblablement incomplète si on compare les 348 <abbr class="abbr" title="livre sterling">£</abbr> que valent les domaines de Siward et Waltheof aux 2 493 <abbr class="abbr" title="livre sterling">£</abbr> que valent les domaines de la famille des comtes de Mercie<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke1994206-220_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clarke1994206-220-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est possible qu'une partie des terres de Siward soit passée aux mains de ses successeurs en Northumbrie, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tostig_Godwinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tostig Godwinson">Tostig Godwinson</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morcar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morcar">Morcar</a>. En outre, le recensement du <i>Domesday Book</i> laisse de côté plusieurs comtés du Nord (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durham_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durham (comté)">Durham</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northumberland_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northumberland (comté)">Northumberland</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>), tandis que le Yorkshire, qui n'est documenté que partiellement, a beaucoup souffert de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9vastation_du_nord_de_l%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dévastation du nord de l'Angleterre">dévastation du Nord</a>, avec des conséquences significatives sur la valeur des domaines de la région<sup id="cite_ref-Green2002100-110_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Green2002100-110-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kapelle1979158-190_63-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kapelle1979158-190-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Plus de cinq siècles après sa mort, Siward apparaît comme personnage secondaire dans la pièce <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>. Cette tragédie, probablement rédigée en 1606, offre une vision romancée de la campagne de 1054 dans son dernier acte. Siward y apparaît comme le principal soutien du prince Malcolm, qui cherche à reconquérir le trône dont l'a privé Macbeth en assassinant son père Duncan. Durant la bataille, qui prend place devant le château de Dunsinane, le fils du comte, qui s'appelle également Siward, est tué en combat singulier par Macbeth. Dans la dernière scène de la pièce, après la mort du tyran, le vieux Siward apprend avec stoïcisme la mort de son fils<sup id="cite_ref-DaviesSharpe2015_64-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DaviesSharpe2015-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La principale source d'information de Shakespeare pour l'intrigue de <i>Macbeth</i> est la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chroniques_(Holinshed)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chroniques (Holinshed)">Chronique</a></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raphael_Holinshed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raphael Holinshed">Raphael Holinshed</a> dans sa deuxième édition de 1587. Cette chronique accorde à Siward le premier rôle dans la campagne de 1054, suivant en cela les chroniques médiévales comme celle de Jean de Worcester dont elle reprend l'anecdote sur la mort du fils du comte. Siward apparaît davantage en retrait vis-à-vis de Malcolm chez Shakespeare que chez Holinshed, peut-être pour complaire à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_VI_et_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques VI et Ier">Jacques <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, roi d'Écosse devenu souverain d'Angleterre en 1603<sup id="cite_ref-Baldo200896-97_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baldo200896-97-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_Earl_of_Northumbria?oldid%3D849233114">Siward, Earl of Northumbria</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_Earl_of_Northumbria?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rollason2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rollason2000_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rollason2000">Rollason 2000</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson201956-57-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wilson201956-57_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wilson2019">Wilson 2019</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 56-57. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming199121-52-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fleming199121-52_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fleming1991">Fleming 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 21-52. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sawyer199410-22-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sawyer199410-22_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sawyer1994">Sawyer 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 10-22. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming199149-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fleming199149_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fleming1991">Fleming 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 49. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007232-240-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007232-240_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 232-240. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rollason200365-66-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rollason200365-66_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rollason2003">Rollason 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 65-66. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007190,_211-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007190,_211_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 190, 211. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fletcher2003-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fletcher2003_9-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fletcher2003_9-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fletcher2003">Fletcher 2003</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bolton2009114-117-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bolton2009114-117_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bolton2009">Bolton 2009</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 114-117. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Aird2004-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aird2004_11-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aird2004_11-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aird2004_11-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aird2004_11-3">d</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aird2004_11-4">e</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aird2004">Aird 2004</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rauer2000125-133-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rauer2000125-133_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rauer2000">Rauer 2000</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 125-133. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kapelle197923-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle197923_13-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle197923_13-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapelle1979">Kapelle 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 23. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fletcher2003131-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fletcher2003131_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fletcher2003">Fletcher 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 131. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Keynes199466-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Keynes199466_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Keynes1994">Keynes 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 66. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rollason2003267-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rollason2003267_16-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rollason2003">Rollason 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 267. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Keynes199458-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Keynes199458_17-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Keynes1994">Keynes 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 58. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fletcher2003121,_131-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fletcher2003121,_131_18-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fletcher2003">Fletcher 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 121, 131. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bolton2009122-125-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bolton2009122-125_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bolton2009">Bolton 2009</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 122-125. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow197057-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow197057_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barlow1970">Barlow 1970</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 57. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Swanton1996162-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Swanton1996162_21-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Swanton1996">Swanton 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 162. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rollason2000170-171-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rollason2000170-171_22-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rollason2000">Rollason 2000</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 170-171. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Morris199214-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Morris199214_23-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Morris1992">Morris 1992</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 14. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kapelle197924-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle197924_24-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapelle1979">Kapelle 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 24. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow197076-77-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow197076-77_25-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barlow1970">Barlow 1970</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 76-77. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow1970107-119-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow1970107-119_26-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barlow1970">Barlow 1970</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 107-119. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Mason200463-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mason200463_27-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mason2004">Mason 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 63. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baxter200734-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baxter200734_28-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baxter2007">Baxter 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 34. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow1970107-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow1970107_29-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow1970107_29-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barlow1970">Barlow 1970</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 107. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow197078-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow197078_30-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barlow1970">Barlow 1970</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 78. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kapelle197929-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle197929_31-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapelle1979">Kapelle 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 29. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Harmer1952303-304-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Harmer1952303-304_32-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Harmer1952">Harmer 1952</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 303-304. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Phythian-Adams1996131-152,_174-181-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Phythian-Adams1996131-152,_174-181_33-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Phythian-Adams1996">Phythian-Adams 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 131-152, 174-181. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kapelle197943-44-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle197943-44_34-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapelle1979">Kapelle 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 43-44. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Aird199853-54-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aird199853-54_35-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aird1998">Aird 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 53-54. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rollason2000169-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rollason2000169_36-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rollason2000">Rollason 2000</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 169. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007254-255-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007254-255_37-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007254-255_37-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 254-255. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Aird199853-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aird199853_38-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aird1998">Aird 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 53. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kapelle197946-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle197946_39-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapelle1979">Kapelle 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 46. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007259-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007259_40-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 259. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Aitchison199990,_172-173-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aitchison199990,_172-173_41-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aitchison1999">Aitchison 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 90, 172-173. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan200235-36-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duncan200235-36_42-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Duncan2002">Duncan 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 35-36. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baldo200897-98-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baldo200897-98_43-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baldo2008">Baldo 2008</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 97-98. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Swanton1996185-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Swanton1996185_44-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Swanton1996">Swanton 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 185. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007261-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007261_45-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 261. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Greenway200221-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Greenway200221_46-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Greenway2002">Greenway 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 21. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan200237-41-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duncan200237-41_47-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Duncan2002">Duncan 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 37-41. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan200241-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duncan200241_48-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Duncan2002">Duncan 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 41. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007262-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007262_49-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 262. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan200240-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duncan200240_50-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Duncan2002">Duncan 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 40. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007262-263-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007262-263_51-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 262-263. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf2007263-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woolf2007263_52-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Woolf2007">Woolf 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 263. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Greenway200222-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Greenway200222_53-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Greenway2002">Greenway 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 22. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Mason200488-89-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mason200488-89_54-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mason2004">Mason 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 88-89. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Palliser201464-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Palliser201464_55-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Palliser2014">Palliser 2014</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 64. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Daniell1970186-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Daniell1970186_56-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Daniell1970">Daniell 1970</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 186. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baxter2007103-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baxter2007103_57-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baxter2007">Baxter 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 103. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis2004-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lewis2004_58-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lewis2004">Lewis 2004</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kapelle197931-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle197931_59-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapelle1979">Kapelle 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 31. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke1994220-224-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Clarke1994220-224_60-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clarke1994">Clarke 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 220-224. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke1994206-220-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Clarke1994206-220_61-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clarke1994">Clarke 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 206-220. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Green2002100-110-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Green2002100-110_62-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Green2002">Green 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 100-110. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kapelle1979158-190-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kapelle1979158-190_63-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapelle1979">Kapelle 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 158-190. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-DaviesSharpe2015-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DaviesSharpe2015_64-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#DaviesSharpe2015">Davies et Sharpe 2015</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baldo200896-97-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baldo200896-97_65-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baldo2008">Baldo 2008</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 96-97. </span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sources_primaires">Sources primaires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources primaires" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Greenway2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Diana_E._Greenway2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Diana E. <span class="nom_auteur">Greenway</span> (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Henry of Huntingdon : The History of the English People 1000–1154</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2002</time>, 154 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-284075-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-284075-4"><span class="nowrap">0-19-284075-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3De02Hp6kB7FIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+of+Huntingdon+%3A+The+History+of+the+English+People+1000%E2%80%931154&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Greenway&rft.aufirst=Diana+E.&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=154&rft.isbn=0-19-284075-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rollason2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Rollason2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David <span class="nom_auteur">Rollason</span> (éd.) (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> du latin), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Libellus de exordio atque procursu istius, hoc est Dunhelmensis, ecclesie</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <time>2000</time>, 353 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-820207-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-820207-5"><span class="nowrap">0-19-820207-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libellus+de+exordio+atque+procursu+istius%2C+hoc+est+Dunhelmensis%2C+ecclesie&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.aulast=Rollason&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=353&rft.isbn=0-19-820207-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Swanton1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Swanton1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Swanton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Swanton">Michael <span class="nom_auteur">Swanton</span></a> (trad.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>1996</time>, 363 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-415-92129-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-415-92129-5"><span class="nowrap">0-415-92129-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Df8B4NAl2r48C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Saxon+Chronicle&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Swanton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=363&rft.isbn=0-415-92129-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sources_secondaires">Sources secondaires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources secondaires" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Aird1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_M._Aird1998"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William M. <span class="nom_auteur">Aird</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">St Cuthbert and the Normans : The Church of Durham, 1071–1153</cite>, Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, <time>1998</time>, 311 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-85115-615-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-85115-615-0"><span class="nowrap">0-85115-615-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYqFWcZvE9H8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St+Cuthbert+and+the+Normans&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.stitle=The+Church+of+Durham%2C+1071%E2%80%931153&rft.aulast=Aird&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rft.date=1998&rft.tpages=311&rft.isbn=0-85115-615-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Aird2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_M._Aird2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William M. <span class="nom_auteur">Aird</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Siward, earl of Northumbria (d. 1055) »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="en"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25652">lire en ligne</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Inscription nécessaire pour accéder au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Inscription nécessaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Inscription nécessaire" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Siward%2C+earl+of+Northumbria+%28d.+1055%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Aird&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Aitchison1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nick_Aitchison1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nick <span class="nom_auteur">Aitchison</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Macbeth : Man and Myth</cite>, Stroud, Sutton Publishing, <time>1999</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7509-1891-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7509-1891-8"><span class="nowrap">0-7509-1891-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macbeth&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.stitle=Man+and+Myth&rft.aulast=Aitchison&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7509-1891-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Baldo2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonathan_Baldo2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jonathan <span class="nom_auteur">Baldo</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« "A rooted sorrow": Scotland’s unusable past »</cite>, dans Nick Moschovakis (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Macbeth: New Critical Essays</cite>, New York et Londres, Routledge, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-203-93070-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-203-93070-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-203-93070-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Macbeth%3A+New+Critical+Essays&rft.atitle=%22A+rooted+sorrow%22%3A+Scotland%E2%80%99s+unusable+past&rft.place=New+York+et+Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Baldo&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-203-93070-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Barlow1970"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frank_Barlow1970"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Frank <span class="nom_auteur">Barlow</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Edward the Confessor</cite>, Londres, Eyre & Spottiswoode, <time>1970</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-413-27830-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-413-27830-1"><span class="nowrap">0-413-27830-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+the+Confessor&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Eyre+%26+Spottiswoode&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-413-27830-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Baxter2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stephen_Baxter2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Stephen <span class="nom_auteur">Baxter</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Earls of Mercia : lordship and power in late Anglo-Saxon England</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2007</time>, 363 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-923098-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-923098-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-923098-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DW6ESDAAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earls+of+Mercia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=lordship+and+power+in+late+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=363&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923098-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bolton2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Timothy_Bolton2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Timothy <span class="nom_auteur">Bolton</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Empire of Cnut the Great : conquest and the consolidation of power in Northern Europe in the early eleventh century</cite>, Leyde, Brill, <time>2009</time>, 351 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-16670-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-16670-7"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-16670-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DCV-1H24C_MwC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+Cnut+the+Great&rft.place=Leyde&rft.pub=Brill&rft.stitle=conquest+and+the+consolidation+of+power+in+Northern+Europe+in+the+early+eleventh+century&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=351&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16670-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Clarke1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_A._Clarke1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Peter A. <span class="nom_auteur">Clarke</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The English Nobility under Edward the Confessor</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <time>1994</time>, 386 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-820442-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-820442-6"><span class="nowrap">0-19-820442-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Nobility+under+Edward+the+Confessor&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=386&rft.isbn=0-19-820442-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Daniell1970"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christopher_Daniell1970"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Christopher <span class="nom_auteur">Daniell</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Death and Burial in Medieval England, 1066–1550</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>1970</time>, 242 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-415-11629-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-415-11629-5"><span class="nowrap">0-415-11629-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+and+Burial+in+Medieval+England%2C+1066%E2%80%931550&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Daniell&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1970&rft.tpages=242&rft.isbn=0-415-11629-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="DaviesSharpe2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anthony_DaviesWill_Sharpe2015"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Anthony <span class="nom_auteur">Davies</span> et Will <span class="nom_auteur">Sharpe</span> (rév.), <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Macbeth »</cite>, dans Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells, Will Sharpe et Erin Sullivan (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare</cite>, Oxford University Press, <time>2015</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780191788802?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780191788802"><span class="nowrap">9780191788802</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Shakespeare&rft.atitle=Macbeth&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.edition=2&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+Will&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780191788802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Duncan2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._A._M._Duncan2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archie_Duncan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archie Duncan">A. A. M. <span class="nom_auteur">Duncan</span></a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292 : Succession and Independence</cite>, Édimbourg, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>, <time>2002</time>, 381 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7486-1626-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7486-1626-8"><span class="nowrap">0-7486-1626-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingship+of+the+Scots+842%E2%80%931292&rft.place=%C3%89dimbourg&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.stitle=Succession+and+Independence&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=A.+A.+M.&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=381&rft.isbn=0-7486-1626-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Fleming1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robin_Fleming1991"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Robin <span class="nom_auteur">Fleming</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Kings and Lords in Conquest England</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1991</time>, 279 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-39309-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-39309-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-39309-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings+and+Lords+in+Conquest+England&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=1991&rft.tpages=279&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39309-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Fletcher2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_A._Fletcher2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard A. <span class="nom_auteur">Fletcher</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Bloodfeud : Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penguin_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, <time>2003</time>, 230 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-14-028692-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-14-028692-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-14-028692-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloodfeud&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.stitle=Murder+and+Revenge+in+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=230&rft.isbn=978-0-14-028692-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Green2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Judith_Green2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Judith <span class="nom_auteur">Green</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Aristocracy of Norman England</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2002</time>, 516 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-521-52465-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-521-52465-2"><span class="nowrap">0-521-52465-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aristocracy+of+Norman+England&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=516&rft.isbn=0-521-52465-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Harmer1952"><span class="ouvrage" id="Florence_Harmer1952"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Florence <span class="nom_auteur">Harmer</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Anglo-Saxon Writs</cite>, Manchester, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>, <time>1952</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-86054-097-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-86054-097-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-86054-097-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+Writs&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.aulast=Harmer&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=978-0-86054-097-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kapelle1979"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_E._Kapelle1979"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William E. <span class="nom_auteur">Kapelle</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Norman Conquest of the North : The Region and Its Transformation, 1000–1135</cite>, Londres, Croom Helm Ltd, <time>1979</time>, 329 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7099-0040-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7099-0040-6"><span class="nowrap">0-7099-0040-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norman+Conquest+of+the+North+%3A+The+Region+and+Its+Transformation%2C+1000%E2%80%931135&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Croom+Helm+Ltd&rft.aulast=Kapelle&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft.date=1979&rft.tpages=329&rft.isbn=0-7099-0040-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Keynes1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simon_Keynes1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Keynes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Keynes">Simon <span class="nom_auteur">Keynes</span></a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Cnut's Earls »</cite>, dans Alexander R. Rumble, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway</cite>, Londres, Leicester University Press, <time>1994</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7185-1455-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7185-1455-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7185-1455-6</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">43-88</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Reign+of+Cnut%3A+King+of+England%2C+Denmark+and+Norway&rft.atitle=Cnut%27s+Earls&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.aulast=Keynes&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.date=1994&rft.pages=43-88&rft.isbn=978-0-7185-1455-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Lewis2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="C._P._Lewis2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> C. P. <span class="nom_auteur">Lewis</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Waltheof, earl of Northumbria (c. 1050–1076) »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="en"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/28646">lire en ligne</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Inscription nécessaire pour accéder au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Inscription nécessaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Inscription nécessaire" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Waltheof%2C+earl+of+Northumbria+%28c.+1050%E2%80%931076%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C.+P.&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Mason2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emma_Mason2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Emma <span class="nom_auteur">Mason</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The House of Godwine : The History of a Dynasty</cite>, Londres, Hambledon and London, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-85285-389-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-85285-389-1"><span class="nowrap">1-85285-389-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+House+of+Godwine&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Hambledon+and+London&rft.stitle=The+History+of+a+Dynasty&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-85285-389-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Morris1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christopher_J._Morris1992"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Christopher J. <span class="nom_auteur">Morris</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Marriage and Murder in Eleventh-Century Northumbria : A Study of 'De Obsessiones Dunelmi'</cite>, York, University of York, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0524-0913">0524-0913</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marriage+and+Murder+in+Eleventh-Century+Northumbria&rft.place=York&rft.pub=University+of+York&rft.stitle=A+Study+of+%27De+Obsessiones+Dunelmi%27&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0524-0913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Palliser2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="D._M._Palliser2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D. M. <span class="nom_auteur">Palliser</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Medieval York 600–1540</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2014</time>, 332 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-925584-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-925584-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-925584-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DSnNmAgAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+York+600%E2%80%931540&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Palliser&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=332&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925584-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Phythian-Adams1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Phythian-Adams1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Charles <span class="nom_auteur">Phythian-Adams</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Land of the Cumbrians : A Study in British Provincial Origins A.D. 400–1120</cite>, Aldershot, Scolar Press, <time>1996</time>, 207 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85928-327-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85928-327-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85928-327-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+of+the+Cumbrians+%3A+A+Study+in+British+Provincial+Origins+A.D.+400%E2%80%931120&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.pub=Scolar+Press&rft.aulast=Phythian-Adams&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=207&rft.isbn=978-1-85928-327-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rauer2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christine_Rauer2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Christine <span class="nom_auteur">Rauer</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Beowulf and the Dragon : Parallels and Analogues</cite>, Cambridge, D. S. Brewer, <time>2000</time>, 230 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-85991-592-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-85991-592-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-85991-592-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwbzQ97DfsjIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beowulf+and+the+Dragon&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=D.+S.+Brewer&rft.stitle=Parallels+and+Analogues&rft.aulast=Rauer&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=230&rft.isbn=978-0-85991-592-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rollason2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Rollason2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David <span class="nom_auteur">Rollason</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Northumbria, 500–1100 : Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2003</time>, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-04102-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-04102-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-04102-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northumbria%2C+500%E2%80%931100&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=Creation+and+Destruction+of+a+Kingdom&rft.aulast=Rollason&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=368&rft.isbn=978-0-521-04102-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Sawyer1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_Sawyer1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Sawyer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Sawyer">Peter <span class="nom_auteur">Sawyer</span></a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Cnut's Scandinavian Empire »</cite>, dans Alexander R. Rumble, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway</cite>, Londres, Leicester University Press, <time>1994</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7185-1455-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7185-1455-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7185-1455-6</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">43-88</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Reign+of+Cnut%3A+King+of+England%2C+Denmark+and+Norway&rft.atitle=Cnut%27s+Scandinavian+Empire&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1994&rft.pages=43-88&rft.isbn=978-0-7185-1455-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wilson2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._M._Wilson2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R. M. <span class="nom_auteur">Wilson</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Lost Literature of Medieval England</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2019</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1952), 274 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-429-51570-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-429-51570-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-429-51570-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DPTuhDwAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Literature+of+Medieval+England&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rft.date=2019&rft.tpages=274&rft.isbn=978-0-429-51570-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Woolf2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alex_Woolf2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Alex <span class="nom_auteur">Woolf</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070</cite>, Édimbourg, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>, <time>2007</time>, 384 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7486-1234-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7486-1234-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7486-1234-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Pictland+to+Alba%2C+789%E2%80%931070&rft.place=%C3%89dimbourg&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=384&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-1234-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASiward+de+Northumbrie"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siward_de_Northumbrie&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pase.ac.uk/jsp/persons/CreatePersonFrames.jsp?personKey%3D18276">Siward sur <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England</span></i></a></li> </ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68366?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG164492"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Museum</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68366?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Siward"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25652"><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> </ul> <div style="margin-top: 10px;"></div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des Anglo-Saxons"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/17px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="2791"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/17px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="17" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/25px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/33px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Anglo-Saxons">Portail des Anglo-Saxons</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <div id="article_de_qualite" class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-simple bandeau-niveau-neutre" style="background-color:#FFFBFB;"> <div class="bandeau-centrer"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css grosse-icone etoile-argent" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="noprint"> Cet article est reconnu comme « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles">bon article</a> » depuis sa <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSiward_de_Northumbrie%26oldid%3D163162140">version du 3 octobre 2019</a><small> (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSiward_de_Northumbrie%26oldid%3D163162140%26diff%3Dcur">comparer avec la version actuelle</a>)</small>. <br> Pour toute information complémentaire, consulter sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discussion:Siward_de_Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discussion:Siward de Northumbrie">page de discussion</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discussion:Siward_de_Northumbrie/Bon_article?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discussion:Siward de Northumbrie/Bon article">vote l'ayant promu</a>. </div> <div class="printcssonly"> La version du 3 octobre 2019 de cet article a été reconnue comme « <b>bon article</b> », c'est-à-dire qu'elle répond à des critères de qualité concernant le style, la clarté, la pertinence, la citation des sources et l'illustration. </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐c7zz6 Cached time: 20241124150142 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.118 seconds 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584_%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AB%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="سيوارد ايرل نورثمبريا – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيوارد ايرل نورثمبريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_Earl_of_Northumbria" title="Siward, Earl of Northumbria – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Siward, Earl of Northumbria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_Earl_of_Northumbria" title="Siward, Earl of Northumbria – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Siward, Earl of Northumbria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward_(Northumbria)" title="Siward (Northumbria) – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Siward (Northumbria)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_conde_de_Northumbria" title="Siward, conde de Northumbria – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siward, conde de Northumbria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_Earl_%25C7%25B9k%25C3%25A8_Northumbria" title="Siward, Earl ǹkè Northumbria – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Siward, Earl ǹkè Northumbria" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_conte_di_Northumbria" title="Siward, conte di Northumbria – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siward, conte di Northumbria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%258B%259C%25EA%25B5%25AC%25EB%25A5%25B4%25EB%2593%259C_%25EB%2594%2594%25EA%25B7%25B8%25EB%25A6%25AC" title="시구르드 디그리 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시구르드 디그리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward_van_Northumbria" title="Siward van Northumbria – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Siward van Northumbria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward_av_Northumbria" title="Siward av Northumbria – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Siward av Northumbria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4" title="Сивард – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сивард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward_od_Northumbrije" title="Siward od Northumbrije – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Siward od Northumbrije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 10 octobre 2024 à 11:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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