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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Scientific nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seilenos" title="Seilenos – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Seilenos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%A8" title="Silè – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Silè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%A9nos" title="Silénos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Silénos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenos" title="Silenos – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Silenos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenos" title="Silenos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silenos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileno" title="Sileno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sileno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileno_(mitologio)" title="Sileno (mitologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sileno (mitologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سیلنوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیلنوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%A8ne_(mythologie)" title="Silène (mythologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Silène (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EB%A0%88%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="실레노스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="실레노스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenos" title="Silenos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Silenos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileno" title="Sileno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sileno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სილენოსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სილენოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Silenus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Silenus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9" title="シーレーノス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シーレーノス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenos" title="Silenos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Silenos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylen" title="Sylen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sylen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileno" title="Sileno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sileno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Silenus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Силен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Силен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenos" title="Silenos – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Silenos" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%A9nos" title="Silénos – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Silénos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Силен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Силен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silen" title="Silen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Silen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenos" title="Silenos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silenos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Silenus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenos" title="Silenos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silenos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сілен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сілен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8B%92%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="西勒努斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西勒努斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q464091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Greek mythological figure</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Silenus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Silenus (disambiguation)">Silenus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Silenoz" title="Silenoz">Silenoz</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #CEF2E0;">Silenus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">God of <a href="/wiki/Drunkenness" class="mw-redirect" title="Drunkenness">drunkenness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sileno_del_100-150_con_testa_di_et%C3%A0_flavia,_da_originali_del_primo_ellenismo_della_cerchia_di_lisisppo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sileno_del_100-150_con_testa_di_et%C3%A0_flavia%2C_da_originali_del_primo_ellenismo_della_cerchia_di_lisisppo.JPG/220px-Sileno_del_100-150_con_testa_di_et%C3%A0_flavia%2C_da_originali_del_primo_ellenismo_della_cerchia_di_lisisppo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="512" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sileno_del_100-150_con_testa_di_et%C3%A0_flavia%2C_da_originali_del_primo_ellenismo_della_cerchia_di_lisisppo.JPG/330px-Sileno_del_100-150_con_testa_di_et%C3%A0_flavia%2C_da_originali_del_primo_ellenismo_della_cerchia_di_lisisppo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sileno_del_100-150_con_testa_di_et%C3%A0_flavia%2C_da_originali_del_primo_ellenismo_della_cerchia_di_lisisppo.JPG/440px-Sileno_del_100-150_con_testa_di_et%C3%A0_flavia%2C_da_originali_del_primo_ellenismo_della_cerchia_di_lisisppo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman copy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> statue of Silenus holding a bunch of grapes and a cup of wine, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a> (Pius-Clementine Museum, Room of the Muses), Rome</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abode</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nysa_(mythology)" title="Nysa (mythology)">Nysa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">kantharos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyrsos" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyrsos">thyrsos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wineskin" title="Wineskin">wineskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">panther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEF2E0;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaia_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaia (mythology)">Gaea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">foster father of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pholus_(mythology)" title="Pholus (mythology)">Pholus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Silenus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Σειληνός</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Seilēnós</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[seːlɛːnós]</a></span>) was a companion and <a href="/wiki/Tutor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutor">tutor</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek god">god</a> <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>. He is typically older than the <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyrs</a> of the Dionysian retinue (<i><a href="/wiki/Thiasos" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiasos">thiasos</a></i>), and sometimes considerably older, in which case he may be referred to as a <b>Papposilenus</b>. <i>Silen</i> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its plural <i>sileni</i> refer to the mythological figure as a type that is sometimes thought to be differentiated from a satyr by having the attributes of a horse rather than a goat, though usage of the two words is not consistent enough to permit a sharp distinction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Silenus presides over other <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daimons</a> and is related to musical creativity, prophetic ecstasy, drunken joy, drunken dances and gestures.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">decorative arts</a>, a "silene" is a Silenus-like figure, often a "mask" (face) alone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original Silenus resembled a <a href="/wiki/Folkloric" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkloric">folkloric</a> man of the forest, with the ears of a horse and sometimes also the tail and legs of a horse.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later sileni were drunken followers of Dionysus, usually bald and fat with thick lips and squat noses, and having the legs of a human. Later still, the plural "sileni" went out of use and the only references were to one individual named Silenus, the teacher and faithful companion of the wine-god Dionysus.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px #cccccc solid; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f9f9f9; float:left; clear:left; margin:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="width:254px;padding:2px;">Coin from <a href="/wiki/Mende_(Chalcidice)" title="Mende (Chalcidice)">Mende</a> depicting Silenus </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:4px; border: 1px #cccccc solid;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mende_460-423_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mende_460-423_BC.jpg/250px-Mende_460-423_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Mende_460-423_BC.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="163" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; vertical-align: top;"> <td style="width:125px;padding:2px; border: 1px #cccccc solid; line-height: 1.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">Obv:</a></b> Inebriated Silenus reclining on a <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a>, holding <a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">kantharos</a> with wine </td> <td style="width:125px;padding:2px 1px 2px 2px; border: 1px #cccccc solid; line-height: 1.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">Rev:</a></b> Vine of four grape clusters within shallow linear incuse square, ΜΕΝΔΑΙΩΝ, <i>of Mendians</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:254px;font-size: 85%; padding:2px; line-height: 1.5em;">Silver <a href="/wiki/Tetradrachm" title="Tetradrachm">tetradrachm</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mende_(Chalcidice)" title="Mende (Chalcidice)">Mende</a>, 460–423 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A notorious consumer of wine, he was usually drunk and had to be supported by satyrs or carried by a <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a>. Silenus was described as the oldest, wisest and most drunken of the followers of Dionysus, and was said in <a href="/wiki/Orphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphic">Orphic</a> hymns to be the young god's tutor. This puts him in a company of phallic or half-animal tutors of the gods, a group that includes <a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedalion" title="Cedalion">Cedalion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a>, but also includes <a href="/wiki/Pallas_(son_of_Lycaon)" title="Pallas (son of Lycaon)">Pallas</a>, the tutor of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When intoxicated, Silenus was said to possess special knowledge and the power of prophecy. The Phrygian King <a href="/wiki/Midas" title="Midas">Midas</a> was eager to learn from Silenus and caught the old man by lacing with wine a fountain from which Silenus often drank. As Silenus fell asleep, the king's servants seized and took him to their master. An alternative story was that when lost and wandering in <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>, Silenus was rescued by peasants and taken to Midas, who treated him kindly. In return for Midas' hospitality Silenus told him some tales and the king, enchanted by Silenus' fictions, entertained him for five days and nights.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dionysus offered Midas a reward for his kindness toward Silenus, and Midas chose the power of turning everything he touched into <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>. Another story was that Silenus had been captured by two shepherds, and regaled them with wondrous tales. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Satyr_play" title="Satyr play">satyr play</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(play)" title="Cyclops (play)">Cyclops</a></i>, Silenus is stranded with the satyrs in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, where they have been enslaved by the <a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclopes</a>. They are the comic elements of the story, a parody of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> IX. Silenus refers to the satyrs as his children during the play. </p><p>Silenus may have become a <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term of abuse around 211 BC, when it is used in <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Rudens" title="Rudens">Rudens</a></i> to describe Labrax, a treacherous <a href="/wiki/Pimp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimp">pimp</a> or <i>leno</i>, as "...a pot-bellied old Silenus, bald head, beefy, bushy eyebrows, scowling, twister, god-forsaken criminal".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his satire <i>The Caesars</i>, the emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> has Silenus sitting next to the gods to offer up his comments on the various rulers under examination, including <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> (whom he reveres as a fellow <a href="/wiki/Philosopher-king" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher-king">philosopher-king</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Silenus commonly figures in Roman bas-reliefs of the train of Dionysus, a subject for <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagi</a>, embodying the transcendent promises of Dionysian cult. </p><p>In Book VI of Pausanias' Description of Greece, his grave is said to be "in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">land of the Hebrews</a>". </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Silenus as member of the Dionysian entourage</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 591.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 589.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarcophagus_Dionysos_Ariadne_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front side of a Roman sarcophagus, depicting the wedding of Dionysos and Ariadne, with old Silenus figuring in their entourage (sixth figure from the right), 150–160 CE (Glyptothek, Munich)"><img alt="Front side of a Roman sarcophagus, depicting the wedding of Dionysos and Ariadne, with old Silenus figuring in their entourage (sixth figure from the right), 150–160 CE (Glyptothek, Munich)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sarcophagus_Dionysos_Ariadne_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg/884px-Sarcophagus_Dionysos_Ariadne_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="590" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sarcophagus_Dionysos_Ariadne_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg/1327px-Sarcophagus_Dionysos_Ariadne_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sarcophagus_Dionysos_Ariadne_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg/1767px-Sarcophagus_Dionysos_Ariadne_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2775" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Front side of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_sarcophagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman sarcophagus">Roman sarcophagus</a>, depicting the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a>, with old Silenus figuring in their entourage (sixth figure from the right), 150–160 CE (<a href="/wiki/Glyptothek" title="Glyptothek">Glyptothek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terracotta_bell-krater_(mixing_bowl)_MET_DP111867.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Papposilenus in a Dionysian procession, bell-krater from Paestum, Magna Graecia, c. 355 BC (Metropolitan Museum of Art)"><img alt="Papposilenus in a Dionysian procession, bell-krater from Paestum, Magna Graecia, c. 355 BC (Metropolitan Museum of Art)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Terracotta_bell-krater_%28mixing_bowl%29_MET_DP111867.jpg/255px-Terracotta_bell-krater_%28mixing_bowl%29_MET_DP111867.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Terracotta_bell-krater_%28mixing_bowl%29_MET_DP111867.jpg/383px-Terracotta_bell-krater_%28mixing_bowl%29_MET_DP111867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Terracotta_bell-krater_%28mixing_bowl%29_MET_DP111867.jpg/510px-Terracotta_bell-krater_%28mixing_bowl%29_MET_DP111867.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Papposilenus in a Dionysian procession, bell-krater from <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 355 BC</span> (<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borghese_Vase-5-Hermitage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satyr holding a thyrsus, supporting a drunken ivy-wreathed silenus, from the Borghese Vase, 1st century BC (Louvre)"><img alt="Satyr holding a thyrsus, supporting a drunken ivy-wreathed silenus, from the Borghese Vase, 1st century BC (Louvre)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Borghese_Vase-5-Hermitage.jpg/340px-Borghese_Vase-5-Hermitage.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Borghese_Vase-5-Hermitage.jpg/511px-Borghese_Vase-5-Hermitage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Borghese_Vase-5-Hermitage.jpg/680px-Borghese_Vase-5-Hermitage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Satyr holding a <a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">thyrsus</a>, supporting a drunken ivy-wreathed silenus, from the <a href="/wiki/Borghese_Vase" title="Borghese Vase">Borghese Vase</a>, 1st century BC (<a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 123.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Hermaphroditos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermaphroditos with Silenus and a maenad, Roman fresco from the Casa del Centenario, Pompeii"><img alt="Hermaphroditos with Silenus and a maenad, Roman fresco from the Casa del Centenario, Pompeii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Hermaphroditos.jpg/185px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Hermaphroditos.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Hermaphroditos.jpg/278px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Hermaphroditos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Hermaphroditos.jpg/370px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Hermaphroditos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermaphroditos">Hermaphroditos</a> with Silenus and a <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">maenad</a>, Roman <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Casa_del_Centenario" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa del Centenario">Casa del Centenario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_-_Hermaphroditus_and_Silenus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermaphroditus and Silenus. On the right a maenad with thyrsus. Roman fresco from Pompeii, House of M. Epidi Sabini, IX.1.22."><img alt="Hermaphroditus and Silenus. On the right a maenad with thyrsus. Roman fresco from Pompeii, House of M. Epidi Sabini, IX.1.22." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pompeii_-_Hermaphroditus_and_Silenus.jpg/266px-Pompeii_-_Hermaphroditus_and_Silenus.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pompeii_-_Hermaphroditus_and_Silenus.jpg/399px-Pompeii_-_Hermaphroditus_and_Silenus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pompeii_-_Hermaphroditus_and_Silenus.jpg/532px-Pompeii_-_Hermaphroditus_and_Silenus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1177" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hermaphroditus and Silenus. On the right a maenad with thyrsus. Roman fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, House of M. Epidi Sabini, IX.1.22.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacchus_and_Silenus_BM_1899.2-15.1_n02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bacchus pours out wine for a panther, while Silenus plays the lyre, painting from Boscoreale, Campania, c. 30 BC (British Museum)"><img alt="Bacchus pours out wine for a panther, while Silenus plays the lyre, painting from Boscoreale, Campania, c. 30 BC (British Museum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bacchus_and_Silenus_BM_1899.2-15.1_n02.jpg/250px-Bacchus_and_Silenus_BM_1899.2-15.1_n02.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bacchus_and_Silenus_BM_1899.2-15.1_n02.jpg/330px-Bacchus_and_Silenus_BM_1899.2-15.1_n02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bacchus_and_Silenus_BM_1899.2-15.1_n02.jpg/500px-Bacchus_and_Silenus_BM_1899.2-15.1_n02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bacchus pours out wine for a panther, while Silenus plays the lyre, painting from <a href="/wiki/Boscoreale" title="Boscoreale">Boscoreale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 30 BC</span> (<a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 518px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 516px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_Pompeii_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silenus playing a lyre, detail of a fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, c. 50 BC"><img alt="Silenus playing a lyre, detail of a fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, c. 50 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Roman_fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_Pompeii_005.jpg/774px-Roman_fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_Pompeii_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="516" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Roman_fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_Pompeii_005.jpg/1162px-Roman_fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_Pompeii_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Roman_fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_Pompeii_005.jpg/1547px-Roman_fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_Pompeii_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2926" data-file-height="965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silenus playing a <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyre</a>, detail of a fresco from the <a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Mysteries" title="Villa of the Mysteries">Villa of the Mysteries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 50 BC</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papposilenus">Papposilenus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Papposilenus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papposilenus is a representation of Silenus that emphasizes his old age, particularly as a <a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">stock character</a> in <a href="/wiki/Satyr_play" title="Satyr play">satyr play</a> or <a href="/wiki/Greek_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek comedy">comedy</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Vase_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vase painting">vase painting</a>, his hair is often white, and as in statuettes, Papposilenus has a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/potbelly" class="extiw" title="wikt:potbelly">pot belly</a>, flabby breasts and shaggy thighs. In these depictions, it is often clear that the Papposilenus is an actor playing a part. His costuming includes a body stocking tufted with hair (<i>mallōtos chitōn</i>) that seems to have come into use in the mid-5th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_-_Papposilenos_Playing_the_Double_Flute_-_Walters_541076.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Papposilenus playing an aulos, bronze from 3rd century BC, (Walters Art Museum)"><img alt="Papposilenus playing an aulos, bronze from 3rd century BC, (Walters Art Museum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Greek_-_Papposilenos_Playing_the_Double_Flute_-_Walters_541076.jpg/250px-Greek_-_Papposilenos_Playing_the_Double_Flute_-_Walters_541076.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Greek_-_Papposilenos_Playing_the_Double_Flute_-_Walters_541076.jpg/330px-Greek_-_Papposilenos_Playing_the_Double_Flute_-_Walters_541076.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Greek_-_Papposilenos_Playing_the_Double_Flute_-_Walters_541076.jpg/500px-Greek_-_Papposilenos_Playing_the_Double_Flute_-_Walters_541076.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Papposilenus playing an <a href="/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos">aulos</a>, bronze from 3rd century BC, (<a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papposilenoi_Met_25.78.66_n01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two papposilenoi as singers at the Panathenaia on an Attic red-figure bell-krater attributed to Polion, c. 420 BC"><img alt="Two papposilenoi as singers at the Panathenaia on an Attic red-figure bell-krater attributed to Polion, c. 420 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Papposilenoi_Met_25.78.66_n01.jpg/303px-Papposilenoi_Met_25.78.66_n01.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Papposilenoi_Met_25.78.66_n01.jpg/455px-Papposilenoi_Met_25.78.66_n01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Papposilenoi_Met_25.78.66_n01.jpg/606px-Papposilenoi_Met_25.78.66_n01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2964" data-file-height="2640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two papposilenoi as singers at the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathenaia">Panathenaia</a> on an Attic <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figure</a> <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">bell-krater</a> attributed to <a href="/wiki/Polion" class="mw-redirect" title="Polion">Polion</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altes_romano_11.TIF" class="mw-file-description" title="Actor as Papposilenus, c. 100 AD, after 4th century BC original (Altes Museum, Berlin)"><img alt="Actor as Papposilenus, c. 100 AD, after 4th century BC original (Altes Museum, Berlin)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Altes_romano_11.TIF/lossy-page1-173px-Altes_romano_11.TIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Altes_romano_11.TIF/lossy-page1-260px-Altes_romano_11.TIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Altes_romano_11.TIF/lossy-page1-346px-Altes_romano_11.TIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Actor as Papposilenus, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 100 AD</span>, after 4th century BC original (<a href="/wiki/Altes_Museum" title="Altes Museum">Altes Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wisdom">Wisdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wisdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A theme in Greek philosophy and literature is the wisdom of Silenus, which posits an <a href="/wiki/Antinatalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinatalist">antinatalist</a> philosophy: </p> <blockquote><p>You, most blessed and happiest among humans, may well consider those blessed and happiest who have departed this life before you, and thus you may consider it unlawful, indeed blasphemous, to speak anything ill or false of them, since they now have been transformed into a better and more refined nature. This thought is indeed so old that the one who first uttered it is no longer known; it has been passed down to us from eternity, and hence doubtless it is true. Moreover, you know what is so often said and passes for a trite expression. What is that, he asked? He answered: It is best not to be born at all; and next to that, it is better to die than to live; and this is confirmed even by divine testimony. Pertinently to this they say that Midas, after hunting, asked his captive Silenus somewhat urgently, what was the most desirable thing among humankind. At first he could offer no response, and was obstinately silent. At length, when Midas would not stop plaguing him, he erupted with these words, though very unwillingly: 'you, seed of an evil genius and precarious offspring of hard fortune, whose life is but for a day, why do you compel me to tell you those things of which it is better you should remain ignorant? For he lives with the least worry who knows not his misfortune; but for humans, the best for them is not to be born at all, not to partake of nature's excellence; not to be is best, for both sexes. This should be our choice, if choice we have; and the next to this is, when we are born, to die as soon as we can.' It is plain therefore, that he declared the condition of the dead to be better than that of the living. </p><dl><dd>– Aristotle, <i>Eudemus</i> (354 BCE), surviving fragment quoted in Plutarch, <i>Moralia. Consolatio ad Apollonium</i>, sec. xxvii (1st century CE) (S. H. transl.)</dd></dl></blockquote> <p>This passage is redolent of <a href="/wiki/Theognis" class="mw-redirect" title="Theognis">Theognis</a>' <i>Elegies</i> (425–428). Silenus' wisdom appears in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a>, who endorsed this famous dictum. Via Schopenhauer, Nietzsche discusses the "wisdom of Silenus" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Tragedy" title="The Birth of Tragedy">The Birth of Tragedy</a></i>. </p><p>Both <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a> were sometimes described as having a physical appearance like that of Silenus, with broad flat faces and fat bellies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Drunken Silenus, from ancient to modern times</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drunk_papposilenus_Louvre_CA6530.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drunk papposilenus supported by two young men, Etruscan red-figure stamnos from Vulci, c. 300 BC (Louvre)"><img alt="Drunk papposilenus supported by two young men, Etruscan red-figure stamnos from Vulci, c. 300 BC (Louvre)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Drunk_papposilenus_Louvre_CA6530.jpg/205px-Drunk_papposilenus_Louvre_CA6530.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Drunk_papposilenus_Louvre_CA6530.jpg/308px-Drunk_papposilenus_Louvre_CA6530.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Drunk_papposilenus_Louvre_CA6530.jpg/410px-Drunk_papposilenus_Louvre_CA6530.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1858" data-file-height="2446" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drunk papposilenus supported by two young men, Etruscan red-figure stamnos from Vulci, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 BC</span> (<a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antalya_Museum_-_Sarkophag_7c_Silen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silenus detail from a Roman-era marble sarcophagus, 2nd century AD (Antalya Museum)"><img alt="Silenus detail from a Roman-era marble sarcophagus, 2nd century AD (Antalya Museum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Antalya_Museum_-_Sarkophag_7c_Silen.jpg/250px-Antalya_Museum_-_Sarkophag_7c_Silen.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Antalya_Museum_-_Sarkophag_7c_Silen.jpg/330px-Antalya_Museum_-_Sarkophag_7c_Silen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Antalya_Museum_-_Sarkophag_7c_Silen.jpg/500px-Antalya_Museum_-_Sarkophag_7c_Silen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silenus detail from a <a href="/wiki/Roman_sarcophagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman sarcophagus">Roman-era marble sarcophagus</a>, 2nd century AD (<a href="/wiki/Antalya_Museum" title="Antalya Museum">Antalya Museum</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 306.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 304.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_El_Jem_-_Mosaic_Silen_with_ass_-_Detail_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silenus carried toward his donkey (mosaic from Roman Africa, present-day Tunisia)"><img alt="Silenus carried toward his donkey (mosaic from Roman Africa, present-day Tunisia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Museum_El_Jem_-_Mosaic_Silen_with_ass_-_Detail_1.jpg/457px-Museum_El_Jem_-_Mosaic_Silen_with_ass_-_Detail_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Museum_El_Jem_-_Mosaic_Silen_with_ass_-_Detail_1.jpg/685px-Museum_El_Jem_-_Mosaic_Silen_with_ass_-_Detail_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Museum_El_Jem_-_Mosaic_Silen_with_ass_-_Detail_1.jpg/913px-Museum_El_Jem_-_Mosaic_Silen_with_ass_-_Detail_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1303" data-file-height="771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silenus carried toward his donkey (<a href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic" title="Roman mosaic">mosaic</a> from <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Roman Africa</a>, present-day <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pomponio_Amidano_-_Drunken_Silenus_on_an_Ass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pomponio Amidano: Drunken Silenus on an Ass, c. 1600 (Blanton Museum of Art, Austin)"><img alt="Pomponio Amidano: Drunken Silenus on an Ass, c. 1600 (Blanton Museum of Art, Austin)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pomponio_Amidano_-_Drunken_Silenus_on_an_Ass.jpg/201px-Pomponio_Amidano_-_Drunken_Silenus_on_an_Ass.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pomponio_Amidano_-_Drunken_Silenus_on_an_Ass.jpg/301px-Pomponio_Amidano_-_Drunken_Silenus_on_an_Ass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pomponio_Amidano_-_Drunken_Silenus_on_an_Ass.jpg/402px-Pomponio_Amidano_-_Drunken_Silenus_on_an_Ass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="2704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pomponio_Amidano" title="Pomponio Amidano">Pomponio Amidano</a>: <i>Drunken Silenus on an Ass</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span> (<a href="/wiki/Blanton_Museum_of_Art" title="Blanton Museum of Art">Blanton Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Drunken_Silenus_-_WGA20297.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Paul Rubens: The Drunken Silenus, c. 1616 (Alte Pinakothek, Munich)"><img alt="Peter Paul Rubens: The Drunken Silenus, c. 1616 (Alte Pinakothek, Munich)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Drunken_Silenus_-_WGA20297.jpg/276px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Drunken_Silenus_-_WGA20297.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Drunken_Silenus_-_WGA20297.jpg/415px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Drunken_Silenus_-_WGA20297.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Drunken_Silenus_-_WGA20297.jpg/553px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Drunken_Silenus_-_WGA20297.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Peter Paul Rubens: <i>The Drunken Silenus</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1616</span> (<a href="/wiki/Alte_Pinakothek" title="Alte Pinakothek">Alte Pinakothek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_tradition">Classical tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Classical tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Classical_tradition" title="Classical tradition">Classical tradition</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_art">In art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Court_dwarf" title="Court dwarf">court dwarf</a> posed for the Silenus-like figure astride a tortoise at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Boboli_Gardens" title="Boboli Gardens">Boboli Gardens</a>, Florence. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Rubens</a> painted <a href="/wiki/File:Rubens_Der_trunkene_Silen.jpg" title="File:Rubens Der trunkene Silen.jpg"><i>The Drunken Silenus</i></a> (1616–17), now conserved in the <a href="/wiki/Alte_Pinakothek" title="Alte Pinakothek">Alte Pinakothek</a>, Munich – the subject was also treated by <a href="/wiki/Drunken_Silenus_(van_Dyck)" title="Drunken Silenus (van Dyck)">van Dyck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drunken_Silenus_(Ribera)" title="Drunken Silenus (Ribera)">Ribera</a>. </p><p>During the late 19th century in Germany and Vienna, symbolism from ancient Greece was reinterpreted through a new <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freudian</a> prism. Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klimt" title="Gustav Klimt">Gustav Klimt</a> uses the irreverent, chubby-faced Silenus as a motif in several works to represent "buried instinctual forces".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 305.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 303.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero_di_Cosimo_-_Bacco_scoperto_miele.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piero di Cosimo: The Discovery of Honey by Bacchus, c. 1499 (Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts)"><img alt="Piero di Cosimo: The Discovery of Honey by Bacchus, c. 1499 (Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Piero_di_Cosimo_-_Bacco_scoperto_miele.jpg/455px-Piero_di_Cosimo_-_Bacco_scoperto_miele.jpg" decoding="async" width="304" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Piero_di_Cosimo_-_Bacco_scoperto_miele.jpg/682px-Piero_di_Cosimo_-_Bacco_scoperto_miele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Piero_di_Cosimo_-_Bacco_scoperto_miele.jpg/909px-Piero_di_Cosimo_-_Bacco_scoperto_miele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Piero_di_Cosimo" title="Piero di Cosimo">Piero di Cosimo</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_Honey_by_Bacchus" title="The Discovery of Honey by Bacchus">The Discovery of Honey by Bacchus</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1499</span> (<a href="/wiki/Worcester_Art_Museum" title="Worcester Art Museum">Worcester Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 298.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 296.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piero_di_cosimo,_disavventure_di_sileno.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piero di Cosimo: The Misfortunes of Silenus, c. 1500 (Fogg Museum, Harvard University)"><img alt="Piero di Cosimo: The Misfortunes of Silenus, c. 1500 (Fogg Museum, Harvard University)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Piero_di_cosimo%2C_disavventure_di_sileno.jpg/500px-Piero_di_cosimo%2C_disavventure_di_sileno.jpg" decoding="async" width="297" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Piero_di_cosimo%2C_disavventure_di_sileno.jpg/960px-Piero_di_cosimo%2C_disavventure_di_sileno.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="1437" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piero di Cosimo: <i>The Misfortunes of Silenus</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span> (<a href="/wiki/Fogg_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fogg Museum">Fogg Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Sleeping_Silenus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Paul Rubens and David Rijckaert II: Sleeping Silenus, c. 1611 (Academy of Fine Arts Vienna)"><img alt="Peter Paul Rubens and David Rijckaert II: Sleeping Silenus, c. 1611 (Academy of Fine Arts Vienna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Sleeping_Silenus.jpg/363px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Sleeping_Silenus.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Sleeping_Silenus.jpg/544px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Sleeping_Silenus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Sleeping_Silenus.jpg/725px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Sleeping_Silenus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Rijckaert_II" title="David Rijckaert II">David Rijckaert II</a>: <i>Sleeping Silenus</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1611</span> (<a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Vienna" title="Academy of Fine Arts Vienna">Academy of Fine Arts Vienna</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jusepe_de_Ribera_Drunken_Silenus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jusepe de Ribera: Drunken Silenus, 1626 (Museo di Capodimonte, Naples)"><img alt="Jusepe de Ribera: Drunken Silenus, 1626 (Museo di Capodimonte, Naples)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jusepe_de_Ribera_Drunken_Silenus.jpg/334px-Jusepe_de_Ribera_Drunken_Silenus.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jusepe_de_Ribera_Drunken_Silenus.jpg/501px-Jusepe_de_Ribera_Drunken_Silenus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jusepe_de_Ribera_Drunken_Silenus.jpg/668px-Jusepe_de_Ribera_Drunken_Silenus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="828" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jusepe_de_Ribera" title="Jusepe de Ribera">Jusepe de Ribera</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Drunken_Silenus_(Ribera)" title="Drunken Silenus (Ribera)">Drunken Silenus</a></i>, 1626 (<a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">Museo di Capodimonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boudard_Gruppo_del_Sileno.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Baptiste Boudard: Group of the Silen, marble sculpture in the Ducal Park, Parma, 1766"><img alt="Jean-Baptiste Boudard: Group of the Silen, marble sculpture in the Ducal Park, Parma, 1766" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Boudard_Gruppo_del_Sileno.jpg/201px-Boudard_Gruppo_del_Sileno.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Boudard_Gruppo_del_Sileno.jpg/301px-Boudard_Gruppo_del_Sileno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Boudard_Gruppo_del_Sileno.jpg/402px-Boudard_Gruppo_del_Sileno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1762" data-file-height="2367" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jean-Baptiste Boudard: <i>Group of the Silen</i>, marble sculpture in the Ducal Park, <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, 1766</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalou_Triomphe_de_Sil%C3%A8ne_CP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jules Dalou: Triomphe de Silène, bronze sculpture, Jardin du Luxembourg, Paris, 1897"><img alt="Jules Dalou: Triomphe de Silène, bronze sculpture, Jardin du Luxembourg, Paris, 1897" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Dalou_Triomphe_de_Sil%C3%A8ne_CP.jpg/171px-Dalou_Triomphe_de_Sil%C3%A8ne_CP.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Dalou_Triomphe_de_Sil%C3%A8ne_CP.jpg/257px-Dalou_Triomphe_de_Sil%C3%A8ne_CP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Dalou_Triomphe_de_Sil%C3%A8ne_CP.jpg/342px-Dalou_Triomphe_de_Sil%C3%A8ne_CP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2109" data-file-height="3327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dalou" title="Jules Dalou">Jules Dalou</a>: <i>Triomphe de Silène</i>, bronze sculpture, <a href="/wiki/Jardin_du_Luxembourg" title="Jardin du Luxembourg">Jardin du Luxembourg</a>, Paris, 1897</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silenius_with_Some_Perfect_Ladies_of_Phrygia_Gave_a_Cocktail_Party.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rupert Bunny: Silenus with Some Perfect Ladies of Phrygia Gave a Cocktail Party, c. 1938"><img alt="Rupert Bunny: Silenus with Some Perfect Ladies of Phrygia Gave a Cocktail Party, c. 1938" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Silenius_with_Some_Perfect_Ladies_of_Phrygia_Gave_a_Cocktail_Party.jpg/315px-Silenius_with_Some_Perfect_Ladies_of_Phrygia_Gave_a_Cocktail_Party.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Silenius_with_Some_Perfect_Ladies_of_Phrygia_Gave_a_Cocktail_Party.jpg/473px-Silenius_with_Some_Perfect_Ladies_of_Phrygia_Gave_a_Cocktail_Party.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Silenius_with_Some_Perfect_Ladies_of_Phrygia_Gave_a_Cocktail_Party.jpg/631px-Silenius_with_Some_Perfect_Ladies_of_Phrygia_Gave_a_Cocktail_Party.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rupert Bunny: <i>Silenus with Some Perfect Ladies of Phrygia Gave a Cocktail Party</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1938</span></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silenus_Braccio_Nuovo_Inv2292.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Silenus_Braccio_Nuovo_Inv2292.jpg/220px-Silenus_Braccio_Nuovo_Inv2292.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="433" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Silenus_Braccio_Nuovo_Inv2292.jpg/330px-Silenus_Braccio_Nuovo_Inv2292.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Silenus_Braccio_Nuovo_Inv2292.jpg/440px-Silenus_Braccio_Nuovo_Inv2292.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2950" /></a><figcaption>Silenus with the child Dionysos, marble statue, Roman copy of the middle 2nd century AD after a Greek original by Lysippos (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 BC</span>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature">In literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel" title="Gargantua and Pantagruel">Gargantua and Pantagruel</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Rabelais" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabelais">Rabelais</a> referred to Silenus as the foster father of Bacchus. In 1884 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Woolner" title="Thomas Woolner">Thomas Woolner</a> published a long narrative poem about Silenus. In <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>'s 1890 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray" title="The Picture of Dorian Gray">The Picture of Dorian Gray</a></i>, Lord Henry Wooton turns praise of folly into a philosophy which mocks "slow Silenus" for being sober. In <a href="/wiki/Brian_Hooker_(poet)" title="Brian Hooker (poet)">Brian Hooker</a>'s 1923 English translation of <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Rostand" title="Edmond Rostand">Edmond Rostand</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(play)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (play)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a></i>, Cyrano disparagingly refers to the ham actor Montfleury as "That Silenus who cannot hold his belly in his arms." </p><p>Professor Silenus is a character in <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Evelyn Waugh</a>'s first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_Fall" title="Decline and Fall">Decline and Fall</a></i>. He features as the disaffected architect of King's Thursday and provides the novel with one of its primary motifs. In the prophetic style of the traditional Greek Silenus he informs the protagonist that life is </p> <blockquote><p>a great disc of polished wood that revolves quickly. At first you sit down and watch the others. They are all trying to sit in the wheel, and they keep getting flung off, and that makes them laugh, and you laugh too. It's great fun... Of course at the very centre there's a point completely at rest, if one could only find it.... Lots of people just enjoy scrambling on and being whisked off and scrambling on again.... But the whole point about the wheel is that you needn't get on it at all.... People get hold of ideas about life, and that makes them think they've got to join in the game, even if they don't enjoy it. It doesn't suit everyone...<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Silenus is one of the two main characters in <a href="/wiki/Tony_Harrison" title="Tony Harrison">Tony Harrison</a>'s 1990 <a href="/wiki/Satyr_play" title="Satyr play">satyr play</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trackers_of_Oxyrhynchus" title="The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus">The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus</a></i>, partly based on <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>' play <i><a href="/wiki/Ichneutae" title="Ichneutae">Ichneutae</a></i> (5th century BC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_nomenclature">Scientific nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scientific nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> used the feminine form <i><a href="/wiki/Silene" title="Silene">Silene</a></i> as the name of a genus of flowering plant.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Silerius._Exhibition_in_Taipei_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Silerius. Exhibition in Taipei 2013"><img alt="Statue of Silerius. Exhibition in Taipei 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Statue_of_Silerius._Exhibition_in_Taipei_2013.jpg/241px-Statue_of_Silerius._Exhibition_in_Taipei_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Statue_of_Silerius._Exhibition_in_Taipei_2013.jpg/362px-Statue_of_Silerius._Exhibition_in_Taipei_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Statue_of_Silerius._Exhibition_in_Taipei_2013.jpg/483px-Statue_of_Silerius._Exhibition_in_Taipei_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="859" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Silerius. Exhibition in Taipei 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_tetradrachm_reverse_Naxos_Met_L.1999.19.69.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silenus holding a kantharos on a tetradrachm from Naxos, Sicily, 461–450 BC"><img alt="Silenus holding a kantharos on a tetradrachm from Naxos, Sicily, 461–450 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Silver_tetradrachm_reverse_Naxos_Met_L.1999.19.69.jpg/330px-Silver_tetradrachm_reverse_Naxos_Met_L.1999.19.69.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Silver_tetradrachm_reverse_Naxos_Met_L.1999.19.69.jpg/500px-Silver_tetradrachm_reverse_Naxos_Met_L.1999.19.69.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Silver_tetradrachm_reverse_Naxos_Met_L.1999.19.69.jpg/540px-Silver_tetradrachm_reverse_Naxos_Met_L.1999.19.69.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="950" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silenus holding a <a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">kantharos</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Tetradrachm" title="Tetradrachm">tetradrachm</a> from <a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, 461–450 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Satyr_kantharos_lyre_CdM_De_Ridder_812.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silenus holding a kantharos and a lyre. Tondo of an Attic red-figure kylix from Vulci, Etruria, c. 475–425 BC"><img alt="Silenus holding a kantharos and a lyre. Tondo of an Attic red-figure kylix from Vulci, Etruria, c. 475–425 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Satyr_kantharos_lyre_CdM_De_Ridder_812.jpg/270px-Satyr_kantharos_lyre_CdM_De_Ridder_812.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Satyr_kantharos_lyre_CdM_De_Ridder_812.jpg/405px-Satyr_kantharos_lyre_CdM_De_Ridder_812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Satyr_kantharos_lyre_CdM_De_Ridder_812.jpg/540px-Satyr_kantharos_lyre_CdM_De_Ridder_812.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2650" data-file-height="2650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silenus holding a kantharos and a lyre. Tondo of an Attic red-figure kylix from <a href="/wiki/Vulci" title="Vulci">Vulci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 475–425 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etruscan_-_Antefix_with_Head_of_Silenus_-_Walters_48354.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etruscan terracotta antefix with head of Silenus, 4th century BC (Walters Art Museum, Baltimore)"><img alt="Etruscan terracotta antefix with head of Silenus, 4th century BC (Walters Art Museum, Baltimore)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etruscan_-_Antefix_with_Head_of_Silenus_-_Walters_48354.jpg/204px-Etruscan_-_Antefix_with_Head_of_Silenus_-_Walters_48354.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etruscan_-_Antefix_with_Head_of_Silenus_-_Walters_48354.jpg/306px-Etruscan_-_Antefix_with_Head_of_Silenus_-_Walters_48354.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etruscan_-_Antefix_with_Head_of_Silenus_-_Walters_48354.jpg/408px-Etruscan_-_Antefix_with_Head_of_Silenus_-_Walters_48354.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> terracotta <a href="/wiki/Antefix" title="Antefix">antefix</a> with head of Silenus, 4th century BC (<a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacchus-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Silenus, detail"><img alt="Statue of Silenus, detail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bacchus-2.jpg/250px-Bacchus-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bacchus-2.jpg/330px-Bacchus-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bacchus-2.jpg/500px-Bacchus-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Silenus, detail</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Situla_88.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silenus mask, detail from a bronze stamnoid situla, 330–310 BC (Vassil Bojkov Collection, Sofia)"><img alt="Silenus mask, detail from a bronze stamnoid situla, 330–310 BC (Vassil Bojkov Collection, Sofia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Situla_88.3.jpg/272px-Situla_88.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Situla_88.3.jpg/408px-Situla_88.3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Situla_88.3.jpg/544px-Situla_88.3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="2445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silenus mask, detail from a bronze stamnoid <a href="/wiki/Situla" title="Situla">situla</a>, 330–310 BC (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vassil_Bojkov_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vassil Bojkov Collection (page does not exist)">Vassil Bojkov Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phaler_Silenus_CdM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold phaler (ornament worn by horses) representing Silenus, Syria, 3rd century BC"><img alt="Gold phaler (ornament worn by horses) representing Silenus, Syria, 3rd century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Phaler_Silenus_CdM.jpg/270px-Phaler_Silenus_CdM.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Phaler_Silenus_CdM.jpg/405px-Phaler_Silenus_CdM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Phaler_Silenus_CdM.jpg/540px-Phaler_Silenus_CdM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold phaler (ornament worn by horses) representing Silenus, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, 3rd century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maschera_di_Papposileno.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mask of Silen, first half of 1st century BC"><img alt="Mask of Silen, first half of 1st century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Maschera_di_Papposileno.jpg/181px-Maschera_di_Papposileno.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Maschera_di_Papposileno.jpg/271px-Maschera_di_Papposileno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Maschera_di_Papposileno.jpg/361px-Maschera_di_Papposileno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mask of Silen, first half of 1st century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2_Roman_bronze_fulcra_representing_Silenus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two Roman bronze fulcra (couch ornaments) representing Silenus, 1st century BC – 1st century AD (Art Institute of Chicago)"><img alt="Two Roman bronze fulcra (couch ornaments) representing Silenus, 1st century BC – 1st century AD (Art Institute of Chicago)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2_Roman_bronze_fulcra_representing_Silenus.jpg/338px-2_Roman_bronze_fulcra_representing_Silenus.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2_Roman_bronze_fulcra_representing_Silenus.jpg/508px-2_Roman_bronze_fulcra_representing_Silenus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2_Roman_bronze_fulcra_representing_Silenus.jpg/677px-2_Roman_bronze_fulcra_representing_Silenus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two Roman bronze fulcra (couch ornaments) representing Silenus, 1st century BC – 1st century AD (<a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silenus_Eros_CdM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silenus and Eros fragment from Latium, early 1st century AD (Cabinet des médailles, Paris)"><img alt="Silenus and Eros fragment from Latium, early 1st century AD (Cabinet des médailles, Paris)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silenus_Eros_CdM.jpg/179px-Silenus_Eros_CdM.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silenus_Eros_CdM.jpg/269px-Silenus_Eros_CdM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silenus_Eros_CdM.jpg/359px-Silenus_Eros_CdM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="3460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silenus and <a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a> fragment from <a href="/wiki/Latium" title="Latium">Latium</a>, early 1st century AD (<a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_m%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des médailles">Cabinet des médailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_with_mask_of_Silenus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosaic with mask of Silenus"><img alt="Mosaic with mask of Silenus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mosaic_with_mask_of_Silenus.jpg/279px-Mosaic_with_mask_of_Silenus.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mosaic_with_mask_of_Silenus.jpg/418px-Mosaic_with_mask_of_Silenus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mosaic_with_mask_of_Silenus.jpg/557px-Mosaic_with_mask_of_Silenus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2852" data-file-height="2763" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosaic with mask of Silenus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Silenus_Satyr_Museum_Delos102165.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Silenus, 2nd century BC (Archaeological Museum of Delos)"><img alt="Statue of Silenus, 2nd century BC (Archaeological Museum of Delos)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Statue_Silenus_Satyr_Museum_Delos102165.jpg/180px-Statue_Silenus_Satyr_Museum_Delos102165.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Statue_Silenus_Satyr_Museum_Delos102165.jpg/270px-Statue_Silenus_Satyr_Museum_Delos102165.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Statue_Silenus_Satyr_Museum_Delos102165.jpg/360px-Statue_Silenus_Satyr_Museum_Delos102165.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="3309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Silenus, 2nd century BC (<a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Delos" title="Archaeological Museum of Delos">Archaeological Museum of Delos</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delos_Dionysos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Silenus, Archaeological Museum of Delos, detail"><img alt="Statue of Silenus, Archaeological Museum of Delos, detail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Delos_Dionysos.jpg/180px-Delos_Dionysos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Delos_Dionysos.jpg/270px-Delos_Dionysos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Delos_Dionysos.jpg/360px-Delos_Dionysos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Silenus, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Delos" title="Archaeological Museum of Delos">Archaeological Museum of Delos</a>, detail</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvan_Hoorn1954" class="citation journal cs1">van Hoorn, G. (November 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/627643">"Choes and Anthesteria"</a>. <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</i>. <b>74</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F627643">10.2307/627643</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/627643">627643</a> – via Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Hellenic+Studies&rft.atitle=Choes+and+Anthesteria&rft.volume=74&rft.date=1954-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F627643&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F627643%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=van+Hoorn&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F627643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilenus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Georgieff, D. 2017. The essence of the Dionysian mysteries. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36183.06568</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry "Satyrs and silens", in: <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerenyi, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerenyi, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Thompson (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mythopoetry.com/mythopoetics/scholar09_thompson.html">"Emotional Intelligence/Imaginal Intelligence"</a>, in: <i>Mythopoetry Scholar Journal</i> <b>1</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plautus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountainman.com.au/essenes/Julian_Caesares_Symposium_Kronia.htm"><i>The Caesars</i> on-line English translation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albin Lesky, <i>A History of Greek Literature,</i> translated by Cornelis de Heer and James Willis (Hackett, 1996, originally published 1957 in German), p. 226; Guy Hedreen, "Myths of Ritual in Athenian Vase-Paintings of Silens", in: <i>The Origins of Theater in Ancient Greece and Beyond: From Ritual to Drama</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulrike Egelhauf-Gaiser, "The Gleaming Pate of the <i>Pastophoros</i>: Masquerade or Embodied Lifestyle?", in: <i>Aspects of Apuleius' Golden Ass, III</i> (Brill, 2012), p. 59, citing passages in <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Emil_Schorske" title="Carl Emil Schorske">Carl Schorske</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fin-de-Si%C3%A8cle_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="Fin-de-Siècle Vienna">Fin-de-Siècle Vienna – Politics and Culture</a></i>, 1980, page 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Gorra (Summer, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/1208437">"Through Comedy toward Catholicism: A Reading of Evelyn Waugh's Early Novels"</a>. <i>Contemporary Literature</i> <b>29</b> (2): 201–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Umberto Quattrocchi, <i>CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names</i>, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-2678-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-2678-8">0-8493-2678-8</a>, <b>4</b>:2482</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Guy Michael Hedreen, 1992. <i>Silens in Attic Black-figure Vase-painting: Myth and Performance</i> (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan) Catalogue of the corpus.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kerenyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Kerenyi">Karl Kerenyi</a>. <i>The Gods of the Greeks</i>, 1951.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/subcats.php?cat_1=5&cat_2=184">Over 300 images of Silenus at the Warburg Institute's Iconographic Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165115/http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/subcats.php?cat_1=5&cat_2=184">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Silenus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Silenus">"Silenus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Silenus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilenus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silenus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Georgikos/Seilenos.html">Seilenos at Theoi Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/topic/Satyr#ref103188">Satyr and Silenus at Britannica Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maicar.com/GML/Silenus.html">Silenus at Greek Mythology Link</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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mythology">Greek</a> deities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primal <br /> elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">The twelve <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Descendants of the Titans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(son_of_Crius)" title="Perses (son of Crius)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Olympian <br /> deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Olympian Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio" title="Clio">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euterpe" title="Euterpe">Euterpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erato" title="Erato">Erato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpomene" title="Melpomene">Melpomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhymnia" title="Polyhymnia">Polyhymnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore" title="Terpsichore">Terpsichore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Muse)" title="Thalia (Muse)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis" title="Apollonis">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borysthenis" title="Borysthenis">Borysthenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisso" title="Cephisso">Cephisso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotian</a> Muses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoede" title="Aoede">Aoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melete" title="Melete">Melete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mneme" title="Mneme">Mneme</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses of the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypate" title="Hypate">Hypate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_(mythology)" title="Mese (mythology)">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_(mythology)" title="Nete (mythology)">Nete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses at <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymatheia" title="Polymatheia">Polymatheia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> (Graces)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaia_(Grace)" title="Aglaia (Grace)">Aglaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne" title="Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Grace)" title="Thalia (Grace)">Thalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (Hours)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water <br /> deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sea deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthesikyme" title="Benthesikyme">Benthesikyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizo" title="Brizo">Brizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybia_(mythology)" title="Eurybia (mythology)">Eurybia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melicertes" title="Melicertes">Melicertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nesoi" title="Nesoi">Nesoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaste_(Oceanid)" title="Acaste (Oceanid)">Acaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admete_(Oceanid)" title="Admete (Oceanid)">Admete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Oceanid)" title="Asia (Oceanid)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhoe_(Oceanid)" title="Callirhoe (Oceanid)">Callirhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_(Greek_myth)" title="Ceto (Greek myth)">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene (consort of Helios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(wife_of_Iapetus)" title="Clymene (wife of Iapetus)">Clymene (wife of Iapetus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodone_(mythology)" title="Dodone (mythology)">Dodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_(Oceanid)" title="Doris (Oceanid)">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Oceanid)" title="Electra (Oceanid)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynome_(Oceanid)" title="Eurynome (Oceanid)">Eurynome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyia" title="Idyia">Idyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Apollo)" title="Melia (consort of Apollo)">Melia (consort of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Inachus)" title="Melia (consort of Inachus)">Melia (consort of Inachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perse_(mythology)" title="Perse (mythology)">Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(mythology)" title="Pleione (mythology)">Pleione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouto_(Oceanid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plouto (Oceanid)">Plouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesto_(mythology)" title="Telesto (mythology)">Telesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(Oceanid)" title="Theia (Oceanid)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuxo_(Oceanid)" title="Zeuxo (Oceanid)">Zeuxo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatheia_(mythology)" title="Amatheia (mythology)">Amatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphithoe_(mythology)" title="Amphithoe (mythology)">Amphithoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymatolege_(mythology)" title="Cymatolege (mythology)">Cymatolege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymo_(mythology)" title="Cymo (mythology)">Cymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamene" title="Dynamene">Dynamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protomedeia" title="Protomedeia">Protomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(mythology)" title="Sao (mythology)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spio" title="Spio">Spio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Nereid)" title="Thalia (Nereid)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/River_gods_(Greek_mythology)" title="River gods (Greek mythology)">River gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapus" title="Anapus">Anapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(god)" title="Asterion (god)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axius_(mythology)" title="Axius (mythology)">Axius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caanthus" title="Caanthus">Caanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebren" title="Cebren">Cebren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_(deity)" title="Enipeus (deity)">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladeos" title="Kladeos">Kladeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(mythology)" title="Meander (mythology)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_(mythology)" title="Nilus (mythology)">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numicus" title="Numicus">Numicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(river_god)" title="Phyllis (river god)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus" title="Peneus">Peneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simoeis" title="Simoeis">Simoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(mythology)" title="Strymon (mythology)">Strymon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achiroe" title="Achiroe">Achiroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anigrides" title="Anigrides">Anigrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyra_(mythology)" title="Argyra (mythology)">Argyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistonis" title="Bistonis">Bistonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbe" title="Bolbe">Bolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliadne" title="Caliadne">Caliadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassotis" title="Cassotis">Cassotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleocharia" title="Cleocharia">Cleocharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creusa_(Naiad)" title="Creusa (Naiad)">Creusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosera_(naiad)" title="Drosera (naiad)">Drosera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpina" title="Harpina">Harpina</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ionides" title="Ionides">Ionides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenis" title="Ismenis">Ismenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larunda" title="Larunda">Larunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriope_(nymph)" title="Liriope (nymph)">Liriope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melite_(naiad)" title="Melite (naiad)">Melite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metope_(mythology)" title="Metope (mythology)">Metope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(nymph)" title="Moria (nymph)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Greek_mythology)" title="Nana (Greek mythology)">Nana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea_(mythology)" title="Nicaea (mythology)">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orseis" title="Orseis">Orseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(daughter_of_Triton)" title="Pallas (daughter of Triton)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbe" title="Stilbe">Stilbe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thriae" title="Thriae">Thriae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corycia" title="Corycia">Corycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleodora_(nymph)" title="Cleodora (nymph)">Cleodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina" title="Melaina">Melaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiasa" title="Tiasa">Tiasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Personifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algos" class="mw-redirect" title="Algos">Algos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atë">Atë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_(daughter_of_Eris)" title="Lethe (daughter of Eris)">Lethe</a></li> <li>Logoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Neikea">Neikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponos" title="Ponos">Ponos</a></li> <li>Pseudea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geras" title="Geras">Geras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos" title="Atropos">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachesis" title="Lachesis">Lachesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros" title="Moros">Moros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oizys" title="Oizys">Oizys</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achlys" title="Achlys">Achlys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adephagia" title="Adephagia">Adephagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aergia" title="Aergia">Aergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidos" title="Aidos">Aidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastor" title="Alastor">Alastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amechania" title="Amechania">Amechania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaideia" title="Anaideia">Anaideia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apheleia" title="Apheleia">Apheleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)">Arete</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea" title="Astraea">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerus" title="Caerus">Caerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysus" title="Chrysus">Chrysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corus_(mythology)" title="Corus (mythology)">Corus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dikaiosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssebeia" title="Dyssebeia">Dyssebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiresione" title="Eiresione">Eiresione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekecheiria" title="Ekecheiria">Ekecheiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulabeia_(mythology)" title="Eulabeia (mythology)">Eulabeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_(mythology)" title="Eupraxia (mythology)">Eupraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersa" title="Ersa">Ersa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)">Hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelos_(mythology)" title="Gelos (mythology)">Gelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimarmene" title="Heimarmene">Heimarmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonoia_(mythology)" title="Homonoia (mythology)">Homonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horme" title="Horme">Horme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakia" title="Kakia">Kakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalemos" title="Koalemos">Koalemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Litae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyssa" title="Lyssa">Lyssa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maniae" title="Maniae">Maniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomos_(mythology)" title="Nomos (mythology)">Nomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitharchia" title="Peitharchia">Peitharchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penia" title="Penia">Penia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthus" title="Penthus">Penthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepromene" title="Pepromene">Pepromene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Pheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrike" title="Phrike">Phrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthonus" title="Phthonus">Phthonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poena" title="Poena">Poine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_(mythology)" title="Porus (mythology)">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxidice" title="Praxidice">Praxidice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophasis" title="Prophasis">Prophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter_(daimon)" title="Soter (daimon)">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(mythology)" title="Soteria (mythology)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasos" title="Thrasos">Thrasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a></li> <li>The Younger <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(deity)" title="Eupheme (deity)">Eupheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenia" title="Euthenia">Euthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne" title="Philophrosyne">Philophrosyne</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas" title="Boreas">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrape_and_Bronte" title="Astrape and Bronte">Astrape and Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(Pleiad)" title="Alcyone (Pleiad)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(Pleiad)" title="Sterope (Pleiad)">Sterope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Pleiad)" title="Merope (Pleiad)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritopatores" title="Tritopatores">Tritopatores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus" title="Eunostus">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomelus" title="Philomelus">Philomelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Rustic <br />deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(nymph)" title="Aetna (nymph)">Aetna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alseid" title="Alseid">Alseids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonis" title="Amphictyonis">Amphictyonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comus" title="Comus">Comus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">Dryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_(dryad)" title="Erato (dryad)">Erato</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hamadryad" title="Hamadryad">Hamadryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopeleia" title="Chrysopeleia">Chrysopeleia</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Epimelides" title="Epimelides">Epimelides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecaterus" title="Hecaterus">Hecaterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenades</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborean_maidens" title="Hyperborean maidens">Hyperborean maidens</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oread" title="Oread">Oreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapso" title="Rhapso">Rhapso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telete" title="Telete">Telete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexiares_and_Anicetus" title="Alexiares and Anicetus">Alexiares and Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxesia_(Greek_mythology)" title="Auxesia (Greek mythology)">Auxesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestra_(mythology)" title="Palaestra (mythology)">Palaestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipolis_(god)" title="Sosipolis (god)">Sosipolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata939" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata939" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464091#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/214069435">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1118559/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2014083488">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13327101t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13327101t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987008575552405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035653361">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 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class="sister-bar-header"><b>Silenus</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Silenus" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Silenus">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span 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