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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_of_Perseverance_staging.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Castle_of_Perseverance_staging.jpg/220px-Castle_of_Perseverance_staging.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Castle_of_Perseverance_staging.jpg/330px-Castle_of_Perseverance_staging.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Castle_of_Perseverance_staging.jpg/440px-Castle_of_Perseverance_staging.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i>Castle of Perseverance</i> staging diagram</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Macro Manuscript</b> is a collection of three 15th-century English <a href="/wiki/Morality_play" title="Morality play">morality plays</a>, known as the "Macro plays" or "Macro moralities": <i><a href="/wiki/Mankind_(play)" title="Mankind (play)">Mankind</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Castle_of_Perseverance" title="The Castle of Perseverance">The Castle of Perseverance</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_(play)" title="Wisdom (play)">Wisdom</a></i>. So named for its 18th-century owner <a href="/wiki/Reverend_Cox_Macro" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverend Cox Macro">Reverend Cox Macro</a> (1683–1767), the manuscript contains the earliest complete examples of English morality plays. A stage plan attached to <i>The Castle of Perseverance</i> is also the earliest known staging diagram in England. The manuscript is the only source for <i>The Castle of Perseverance</i> and <i>Mankind</i> and the only complete source for <i>Wisdom</i>. The Macro Manuscript is a part of the collection at the <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> in Washington, D.C. (MS. V.a. 354). For centuries, scholars have studied the Macro Manuscript for insights into <a href="/wiki/Medieval_theatre" title="Medieval theatre">medieval drama</a>. As Clifford Davidson writes in <i>Visualizing the Moral Life</i>, "in spite of the fact that the plays in the manuscript are neither written by a single scribe nor even attributed to a single date, they collectively provide our most important source for understanding the fifteenth century English morality play."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_provenance">History and provenance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and provenance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_the_Rev_Dr_Cox_Macro_by_Frans_Van_Mieris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Portrait_of_the_Rev_Dr_Cox_Macro_by_Frans_Van_Mieris.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_the_Rev_Dr_Cox_Macro_by_Frans_Van_Mieris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Portrait_of_the_Rev_Dr_Cox_Macro_by_Frans_Van_Mieris.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Early-18th-century antiquarian Cox Macro collected the plays and bound them together as one manuscript (portrait by <a href="/wiki/Frans_van_Mieris_the_Younger" title="Frans van Mieris the Younger">Frans van Mieris the Younger</a>, now at <a href="/wiki/Norwich_Castle" title="Norwich Castle">Norwich Castle</a> Museum)</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the manuscript is now considered a single artifact, its three plays were composed as separate manuscripts. Along with certain place names scattered throughout the plays, the particular dialects in which the three are written suggest that they originated in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> or <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a>, particularly around <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monk Thomas Hyngman transcribed <i>Mankind</i> and <i>Wisdom</i> between 1460 and 1475.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <i>The Castle of Perseverance</i>, Hyngman's <i>Mankind</i> and <i>Wisdom</i> were acquired by the Reverend Cox Macro of <a href="/wiki/Bury_St_Edmunds" title="Bury St Edmunds">Bury St Edmunds</a>, Suffolk in the early 18th century. Macro bound them together somewhat arbitrarily, along with three other non-dramatic manuscripts. Early 19th-century owner Henry Gurney separated <i>The Castle</i>, <i>Wisdom</i>, and <i>Mankind</i> from the other manuscripts and bound them together as a collection in a separate volume. In August of 1936, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Quincy_Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Quincy Adams">Joseph Quincy Adams</a>, the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>, purchased this manuscript from the antiquarian firm Bernard Quaritch for £1,125 (approximately $5,625).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manuscripts had been purchased by Quaritch earlier in 1936 at a <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> auction on March 30<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for £440.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Eccles is the source for the amount, but gets the buyer wrong (he says Folger instead of Quaritch), so this needs to be substantiated. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macro_Manuscript_-_Wisdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Macro_Manuscript_-_Wisdom.jpg/220px-Macro_Manuscript_-_Wisdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Macro_Manuscript_-_Wisdom.jpg/330px-Macro_Manuscript_-_Wisdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Macro_Manuscript_-_Wisdom.jpg/440px-Macro_Manuscript_-_Wisdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1051" /></a><figcaption>A page from <i>Wisdom</i> in the Macro Manuscript</figcaption></figure> <p>As drama, the Macro plays remained in relative obscurity until 1823, when <a href="/wiki/William_Hone" title="William Hone">William Hone</a> mentioned <i>The Castle of Perseverance</i> in <i>Ancient Mysteries Described</i>. The first intensive critical analysis came in 1832 from <a href="/wiki/John_Payne_Collier" title="John Payne Collier">John Payne Collier</a> in <i>The History of English Dramatic Poetry</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three plays were first published together in <a href="/wiki/Frederick_James_Furnivall" title="Frederick James Furnivall">Furnivall</a>'s edition of 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plays">Plays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Castle_of_Perseverance">The Castle of Perseverance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Castle of Perseverance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Castle_of_Perseverance" title="The Castle of Perseverance">The Castle of Perseverance</a></div> <p>References in <i>The Castle of England</i> to "<a href="/wiki/Crakow_(shoe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crakow (shoe)">crakows</a>" (an early 15th-century shoe fashion with pointed toes) indicate that the play was written between 1400 and 1425, making it the earliest complete extant English morality play.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Macro manuscript's <i>Castle</i> was transcribed around 1440.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being chronologically first, the play is bound third in the Macro manuscript, in <a href="/wiki/Folios" class="mw-redirect" title="Folios">folios</a> 154–191. The play has 38 extant <a href="/wiki/Leaf_(books)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf (books)">leaves</a>, with two <a href="/wiki/Gathering_(bookbinding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering (bookbinding)">gatherings</a> of 16 leaves and a third gathering of six leaves, with nearly 3,700 lines in total. Evidence of two missing leaves suggests that there are around 100 lines that have been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-CastleIntro_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CastleIntro-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stylistic differences in dialect, rhyme scheme and stanza pattern between the <a href="/wiki/Banns_of_Marriage#other_usages" class="mw-redirect" title="Banns of Marriage">banns</a> (an advertisement for the coming performance that begins the play) and certain sections of the play text lead to the argument that the play may have had two or three authors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CastleIntro_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CastleIntro-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The play's full performance would have required about three and a half hours and upwards of twenty actors. The large size of the cast required suggests that the play was performed by traveling players in the speaking roles with locals acting the mute minor roles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mankind">Mankind</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mankind"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mankind_(play)" title="Mankind (play)">Mankind (play)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mankind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mankind.jpg/220px-Mankind.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mankind.jpg/330px-Mankind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mankind.jpg/440px-Mankind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A page from <i>Mankind</i> in the Macro Manuscript</figcaption></figure> <p>Through references to contemporary coinage, <i>Mankind</i> has been dated to 1465–1470.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirteen extant leaves make up the manuscript. The play was performed by groups of traveling players for a paying audience; Eccles notes that <i>Mankind</i> is the first English play to "mention gathering money from an audience".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cast is considerably smaller than that of <i>The Castle</i> or <i>Wisdom</i>, requiring as few as six players to perform. Scholars have been interested by the contrast between serious theological material and comic moments in <i>Mankind</i>. The play is interested in the humor of transgression – five out of seven speaking roles are comic <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villains</a>, making <i>Mankind</i> the lightest and most colloquial of the Macro plays.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his introduction to Furnivall's edition, Pollard writes that the "low tone" of the play is due to its nature as an economic venture, since the tone appealed to the largely uneducated common audiences for whom players performed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wisdom">Wisdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wisdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_(play)" title="Wisdom (play)">Wisdom (play)</a></div> <p>Also known as <i>Mind, Will, and Understanding</i>, <i>Wisdom</i> dates from the mid-1460s. The manuscript contains two <a href="/wiki/Quires" class="mw-redirect" title="Quires">quires</a> of twelve leaves each. Like <i>Mankind</i>, it belonged to (and was possibly transcribed by) the monk Thomas Hyngman. While the play in its complete form is known only through the Macro Manuscript, fragments of the play are preserved in a Digby Manuscript at the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> (MS Digby 133). Unlike the other Macro plays, <i>Wisdom</i> splits the incarnation of man into nine different characters: Anima (the soul of man), the three faculties of the soul (Mind, Will, and Understanding), and the five senses. Scholars disagree on the number of players required to perform the play, varying from over twenty to as few as twelve.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, <i>The Theater of Devotion</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Folger Archives, Letter from Joseph Quincy Adams to Stanley King, August 29th, 1936</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour de Ricci, <i>Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada</i>, ii (New York, 1937), p.2272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davison, pp. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eccles, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eccles, p. xi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furnivall, p. xxxi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CastleIntro-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CastleIntro_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CastleIntro_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klausner, Introduction to <i>The Castle of Perseverance</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennet, <i>Redactions, Place, and Date</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eccles, p. xviii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smart, <i>Some English and Latin Sources and Parallels for the Morality of Wisdom</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eccles, p. xlii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spivack, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard, in the introduction to Furnivall's <i>The Macro Plays</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eccles, p. xxiv</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baker, D. C., J. L. Murphy, and L. B. Hall, Jr., eds. <i>The Late Medieval Religious Plays of Bod¬leian MSS Digby 133 and E. Museo 160.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.</li> <li>Beadle, Richard and Piper, A.J. eds. "Monk Thomas Hyngham's hand in the Macro Manuscript", <i>New Science out of Old Books: Studies in Manuscripts and Early Printed Books</i>. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1995, pp. 315-41.</li> <li>Bennet, Jacob. "The 'Castle of Perseverance': Redactions, Place, and Date", Mediaeval studies, xxiv, p. 141-52. 1962.</li> <li>Bevington, David, ed. <i>The Macro Plays: A Facsimile Edition with Facing Transcription.</i> New York: Johnson Reprint, 1972.</li> <li>Coldewey, John, ed. <i>Early English Drama: An Anthology.</i> New York: Garland, 1993.</li> <li>Davenport, William. <i>Fifteenth-Century English Drama: The Early Moral Plays and Their Literary Relations.</i> Boydell & Brewer, 1982.</li> <li>Eccles, Mark, ed. <i>The Macro Plays.</i> EETS o.s. 262. London: Oxford University Press, 1969.</li> <li>Fifield, Merle. The Rhetoric of Free Will: The Five-action structure of the English Morality Play. Leeds Texts and Monographs New Series 5, University of Leeds School of English, 1974.</li> <li>Furnivall, Frederick James and Pollard, Alfred William eds. <i>The Macro Plays.</i> For the Early English Text Society, 1904.</li> <li>Gibson, Gail McMurray. <i>The Theater of Devotion: East Anglian Drama and Society in the Late Middle Ages</i>. University of Chicago Press, 1994.</li> <li>Klausner, David N, ed. <i>Two Moral Interludes: The Pride of Life and Wisdom.</i> Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 2008.</li> <li>Lester, G. A., ed. <i>Three Late Medieval Morality Plays.</i> The New Mermaids ser. London: A&C Black, 1981.</li> <li>Riggio, Milla Cozart, ed. <i>The Play of Wisdom: Its Texts and Contexts.</i> New York: AMS Press, 1998.</li> <li>Smart, Walter. <i>Some English and Latin Sources and Parallels for the Morality of Wisdom</i>. 1912.</li> <li>Spector, Stephen. "Paper evidence and the genesis of the macro plays", <i>Mediaevalia</i> 5: 217-32. 1979.</li> <li>Spivack, Bernard. <i>Shakespeare and the Allegory of Evil</i>. 1957.</li> <li>Southern, Richard. <i>The Staging of Plays Before Shakespeare.</i> London: Faber, 1973.</li> <li>Walker, Greg, ed. <i>Medieval Drama.</i> Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.</li> <li>Wickham, Glynne, ed. <i>English Moral Interludes.</i> London: Dent, 1976.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLynch2015" class="citation web cs1">Lynch, Kathleen (20 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collation.folger.edu/2015/10/what-to-do-about-macro/">"What to do about the Macro manuscripts?"</a>. <i>The Collation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Collation&rft.atitle=What+to+do+about+the+Macro+manuscripts%3F&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollation.folger.edu%2F2015%2F10%2Fwhat-to-do-about-macro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacro+Manuscript" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/f18j03">Images of the Macro Plays</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> Digital Image Collection</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&oldid=1163342857">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macro_Manuscript&oldid=1163342857</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_plays" title="Category:15th-century plays">15th-century plays</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_drama" title="Category:Medieval drama">Medieval drama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_manuscripts" title="Category:15th-century manuscripts">15th-century manuscripts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_manuscripts" title="Category:English-language manuscripts">English-language manuscripts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manuscripts_of_the_Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Category:Manuscripts of the Folger Shakespeare Library">Manuscripts of the Folger Shakespeare Library</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2015">Use dmy dates from August 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 July 2023, at 09:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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