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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparencia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&uselang=gl" class=""><span>Doazóns</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Historia"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fundación_de_Bizancio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundación_de_Bizancio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fundación de Bizancio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundación_de_Bizancio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O_Imperio_Romano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_Imperio_Romano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>O Imperio Romano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_Imperio_Romano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O_Imperio_Bizantino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_Imperio_Bizantino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>O Imperio Bizantino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_Imperio_Bizantino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O_Imperio_Otomán" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_Imperio_Otomán"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>O Imperio Otomán</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_Imperio_Otomán-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_República_de_Turquía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_República_de_Turquía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>A República de Turquía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_República_de_Turquía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xeografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xeografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Xeografía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Xeografía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Xeografía"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Xeografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-O_Bósforo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_Bósforo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>O Bósforo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_Bósforo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risco_sísmico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risco_sísmico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Risco sísmico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risco_sísmico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Economía"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sector_financeiro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sector_financeiro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sector financeiro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sector_financeiro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Turismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lugares_de_interese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lugares_de_interese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lugares de interese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lugares_de_interese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cidades_irmandadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cidades_irmandadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cidades irmandadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cidades_irmandadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Istambul</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 227 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-227" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">227 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Сҭампыл – abkhazo" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Сҭампыл" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhazo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89seutamu" title="Éseutamu – achinés" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Éseutamu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – adigueo" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigueo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A1%E1%88%8D" title="ኢስታንቡል – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢስታንቡል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A0_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – arameo" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইষ্টানবুল – assamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইষ্টানবুল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایستانبول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستانبول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambols" title="Stambols – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Stambols" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইস্তাম্বুল – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইস্তাম্বুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Истмала – checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Истмала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%B5" title="ئەستەمبوڵ – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەستەمبوڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztamb%C3%B9l" title="Sztambùl – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sztambùl" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%84%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Цѣсар҄ь Градъ – eslavo eclesiástico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Цѣсар҄ь Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavo eclesiástico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estamol" title="Estamol – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estamol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – baixo sorbio" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baixo sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Κωνσταντινούπολη – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κωνσταντινούπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulo" title="Istanbulo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istanbulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – fixiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fixiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BBl" title="Istanbûl – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Istanbûl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iostanb%C3%BAl" title="Iostanbúl – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iostanbúl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%84" title="ايستامبۊل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايستامبۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB" title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="איסטנבול – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסטנבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – alto sorbio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isztambul" title="Isztambul – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Isztambul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Ստամբուլ – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստամբուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Իսթանպուլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իսթանպուլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Истмале – inguxo" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Истмале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BAl" title="Istanbúl – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Istanbúl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="イスタンブール – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスタンブール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – cabardiano" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isitambuli" title="Isitambuli – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Isitambuli" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itambut" title="Itambut – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Itambut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D2%B1%D0%BB" title="Ыстанбұл – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ыстанбұл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EB%B6%88" title="이스탄불 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스탄불" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – carachaio-bálcara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stembol" title="Stembol – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stembol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambol" title="Estambol – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estambol" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – lezguio" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezguio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99" title="ອິສະຕັນບູນ – laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອິສະຕັນບູນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambulas" title="Stambulas – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stambulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambula" title="Stambula – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stambula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C4%81nipuru" title="Itānipuru – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Itānipuru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तंबूल – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्तंबूल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့ – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Стамбул ош – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Стамбул ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استامبول – mazandaraní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استامبول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – baixo saxón" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo saxón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तान्बुल – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्तान्बुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coustantinobles" title="Coustantinobles – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Coustantinobles" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%82ch%CA%BC%C4%AF%CA%BC_N%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1h%C3%A1" title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – chewa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambol" title="Istambol – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istambol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2" title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istamboul" title="Istamboul – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Istamboul" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbuel" title="Istanbuel – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Istanbuel" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanpul" title="Istanpul – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istanpul" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – romanche" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Істанбул – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Істанбул" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – kiñaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiñaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – saami setentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="saami setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඉස්තාන්බුල් – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉස්තාන්බුල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carigrad" title="Carigrad – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carigrad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbuul" title="Istanbuul – somalí" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Istanbuul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambolli" title="Stambolli – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stambolli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுதான்புல் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுதான்புல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇస్తాంబుల్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇస్తాంబుల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5" title="อิสตันบูล – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิสตันบูล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – turkmeno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tuvaniano" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvaniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – udmurto" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%87%D9%84" title="ئىستانبۇل – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىستانبۇل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="伊斯坦布尔 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯坦布尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="סטאמבול – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטאמבול" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D" title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ – tamazight marroquí estándar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquí estándar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – zulú" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">galego</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istambul"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit" title="Editar o código fonte desta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar a fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=history" title="Versións anteriores desta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Máis opcións" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accións </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istambul"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit" title="Editar o código fonte desta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar a fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=history"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_que_ligan_con_esta/Istambul" title="Lista de todas as páxinas do wiki que ligan cara a aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páxinas que ligan con esta</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_relacionados/Istambul" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recentes nas páxinas ligadas desde esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios relacionados</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_especiais" title="Lista de todas as páxinas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxinas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&oldid=6869900" title="Ligazón permanente a esta versión desta páxina"><span>Ligazón permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=info" title="Máis información sobre esta páxina"><span>Información da páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Cita&page=Istambul&id=6869900&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre como citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstambul"><span>Xerar URL acurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstambul"><span>Descargar o código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Istambul"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Istambul&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&printable=yes" title="Versión para imprimir da páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros proxectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q406" title="Ligazón ao elemento conectado no repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-03-1000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lista_de_artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter" title="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter"><img alt="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/22px-AD_%2B30.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/33px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/44px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates-ind" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><span title="[[Coordenadas xeográficas|Coordenadas]]">Coord.:</span> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=gl&pagename=Istambul&params=41.01_N_28.9603_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 41°00′36″N 28°57′37″L"><span class="latitude">41°00′36″N </span><span class="longitude">28°57′37″L</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 41.01 28.9603"><span class="geo"><span class="latitude">41.01, </span><span class="longitude">28.9603</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6843765">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_solid{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_botton_top{border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#bae3ff;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;width:40%;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output .infobox_captionstyle{font-size:90%}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6843765"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titlestyle"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Globe_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modelo:Xeografía política"><img alt="Modelo:Xeografía política" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/25px-Globe_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/38px-Globe_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/50px-Globe_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></span>Istambul</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data infobox_subheaderstyle" style="text-align:center"><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span> (tr)<br /><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span> (tr) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P1705" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6551663/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6551595">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox nomobile"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_(15896336182).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista nocturna"><img alt="Vista nocturna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Istanbul_%2815896336182%29.jpg/300px-Istanbul_%2815896336182%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Istanbul_%2815896336182%29.jpg/450px-Istanbul_%2815896336182%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Istanbul_%2815896336182%29.jpg/600px-Istanbul_%2815896336182%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="geobox nomobile"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Heart_Of_Istanbul_From_Air.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista aérea"><img alt="Vista aérea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Heart_Of_Istanbul_From_Air.jpg/300px-Heart_Of_Istanbul_From_Air.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Heart_Of_Istanbul_From_Air.jpg/450px-Heart_Of_Istanbul_From_Air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Heart_Of_Istanbul_From_Air.jpg/600px-Heart_Of_Istanbul_From_Air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="geobox nomobile"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_collage_5j.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fotomontaxe"><img alt="Fotomontaxe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Istanbul_collage_5j.jpg/180px-Istanbul_collage_5j.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Istanbul_collage_5j.jpg/269px-Istanbul_collage_5j.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Istanbul_collage_5j.jpg/359px-Istanbul_collage_5j.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="838" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="geobox"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_Montage_2016.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Imaxe"><img alt="Imaxe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/214px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png" decoding="async" width="214" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/321px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/428px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Localización</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_base_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Istanbul_base_map.jpg/220px-Istanbul_base_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Istanbul_base_map.jpg/330px-Istanbul_base_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Istanbul_base_map.jpg/440px-Istanbul_base_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12056" data-file-height="7818" /></a></span></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ficheiro:Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg&lang=gl" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg/langgl-150px-Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg/langgl-225px-Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg/langgl-300px-Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P242" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-zoom="7" data-lat="41.01" data-lon="28.9603" data-overlays="["_82ba7affe8641ce3930ad6658aa55eaac72a4590"]" href="/wiki/Especial:Map/7/41.01/28.9603/gl"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,41.01,28.9603,150x150.png?lang=gl&domain=gl.wikipedia.org&title=Istambul&revid=6869900&groups=_82ba7affe8641ce3930ad6658aa55eaac72a4590" width="150" height="150" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,41.01,28.9603,150x150@2x.png?lang=gl&domain=gl.wikipedia.org&title=Istambul&revid=6869900&groups=_82ba7affe8641ce3930ad6658aa55eaac72a4590 2x" alt="Mapa" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><small> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=gl&pagename=Istambul&params=41.01_N_28.9603_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 41°00′36″N 28°57′37″L"><span class="latitude">41°00′36″N </span><span class="longitude">28°57′37″L</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 41.01 28.9603"><span class="geo"><span class="latitude">41.01, </span><span class="longitude">28.9603</span></span></span></span></a></span></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label"><b>Estado</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label"><b>Provincia</b></td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q534799" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q534799">provincia de Istambul</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P131" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q534799" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q534799">provincia de Istambul</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán">Imperio Otomán</a> <small>(1453–1922) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P1376" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Poboación</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Poboación</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">15.462.452 <small>(2020)<small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P1082" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (2.893,96 <small>hab./km²</small>)</small></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Xeografía</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Superficie</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">5.343 km² <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P2046" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bañado por</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sforo" title="Bósforo">Bósforo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_M%C3%A1rmara" title="Mar de Mármara">Mar de Mármara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro">Mar Negro</a> e <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179839" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q179839">Corno de Ouro</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P206" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Altitude</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">100 m <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P2044" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Punto máis alto</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4817974" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4817974">Aydos Dağı</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817974?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (537 m) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P610" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Datos históricos</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precedido por</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla">Constantinopla</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P1365" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creación</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">29 de maio de 1453 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P571" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style=""><b>Evento clave</b></div><div style="text-align:start;"><table><tbody><tr><td class="infobox-label">13 de novembro de 1918</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2854228" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2854228">Ocupación de Constantinopla</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P793" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Organización política</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• Alcalde <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P1313" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59313241" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q59313241">Ekrem İmamoğlu</a> <small>(2019–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P6" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membro de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q734958" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q734958">Organización das Cidades do Patrimonio Mundial</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9383972" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q9383972">Liga de Cidades Históricas</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1139352" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1139352">Rede de cidades creativas</a> <small>(2017–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P463" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Identificador descritivo</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Código postal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">34000–34990 <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P281" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fuso horario</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6760" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6760">UTC+03:00</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P421" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prefixo telefónico</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">212 e 216 <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P473" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Outro</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Irmandado con</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Varsovia" title="Varsovia">Varsovia</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q198989" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q198989">Aktau</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198989?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Xaneiro" title="Río de Xaneiro">Río de Xaneiro</a> <small>(1965–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P190" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small>../... 43+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sitio web</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibb.istanbul/en">ibb.istanbul…</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#P856" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/istanbulbuyuksehirbld?locale=gl_ES" title="Facebook: istanbulbuyuksehirbld" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Facebook: istanbulbuyuksehirbld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/F_icon.svg/20px-F_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/F_icon.svg/30px-F_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/F_icon.svg/40px-F_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/istanbulbld?lang=gl" title="Twitter: istanbulbld" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Twitter: istanbulbld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/20px-X_logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/30px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/40px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://datos.bne.es/persona/XX451084" title="BNE: XX451084" rel="nofollow"><img alt="BNE: XX451084" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/20px-BNE_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/30px-BNE_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/40px-BNE_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406?uselang=gl#identifiers" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Istanbul</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> ou <b>Istambul</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> (en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca">turco</a>: <i>İstanbul</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_fon%C3%A9tico_internacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabeto fonético internacional">[is'tanbul]</a> <small>(AFI)</small>) é a maior cidade de <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a>, e tamén unha das cidades máis poboadas de <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, con 11 008 790 de moradores (censo de <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>). </p><p>É tamén a capital administrativa da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincia_de_Istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provincia de Istanbul (a páxina aínda non existe)">Provincia de Istanbul</a> na chamada <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Rumelia</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia">Tracia</a> Oriental. Foi chamada <a href="/wiki/Bizancio" title="Bizancio">Bizancio</a> (en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_grega" title="Lingua grega">grego</a>: <i>Βυζάντιον</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Transliteraci%C3%B3n" title="Transliteración">tr.</a></small> <i>"Byzantion"</i>) ata <a href="/wiki/330" title="330">330</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla">Constantinopla</a> ata <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>, nome co que se lle denominou xeralmente en Occidente ata <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>. Durante o período <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán">otomán</a> os turcos chamaban á cidade '<b>İstanbul'</b> alteración da frase en lingua <a href="/wiki/Lingua_grega" title="Lingua grega">grega</a>: εἰς τὴν πόλιν (<i>á cidade</i>), que no grego bizantino se prunciaba algo así como <i>istimbólin</i>, pero oficialmente empregábase o nome <i>Ḳosṭanṭīnīye</i> (قسطنطنيه) ("Cidade de Constantino" en turco otomán). O nome oficial de <i><b>İstanbul</b></i> foi imposto o <a href="/wiki/28_de_marzo" title="28 de marzo">28 de marzo</a> de <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>. </p><p>Foi sucesivamente a capital do <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Romano_de_Oriente" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperio Romano de Oriente">Imperio Romano de Oriente</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Bizantino" title="Imperio Bizantino">Imperio Bizantino</a>, do <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán">Imperio Otomán</a> e máis tarde da República de <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a> até <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>. </p><p>Aínda que dende <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> a capital de Turquía é <a href="/wiki/Ancara" title="Ancara">Ancara</a>, Istanbul segue sendo unha cidade que ten un papel fundamental na <a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">industria</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Comercio" title="Comercio">comercio</a> e na cultura de Turquía. Alberga máis dunha ducia de universidades. É sé do <a href="/wiki/Patriarcado_Ecum%C3%A9nico_de_Constantinopla" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarcado Ecuménico de Constantinopla">Patriarcado Ecuménico de Constantinopla</a>, cabeza da <a href="/wiki/Igrexa_Ortodoxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Igrexa Ortodoxa">Igrexa Ortodoxa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_de_Istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia de Istanbul (a páxina aínda non existe)">Historia de Istanbul</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundación_de_Bizancio"><span id="Fundaci.C3.B3n_de_Bizancio"></span>Fundación de Bizancio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Fundación de Bizancio»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Fundación de Bizancio"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_-_Muralles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Istanbul_-_Muralles.JPG/220px-Istanbul_-_Muralles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Istanbul_-_Muralles.JPG/330px-Istanbul_-_Muralles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Istanbul_-_Muralles.JPG/440px-Istanbul_-_Muralles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Murallas.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bizancio" title="Bizancio">Bizancio</a> foi o nome orixinal da moderna cidade de Istanbul. Bizancio foi establecida por colonos <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">gregos</a> de <a href="/wiki/Megara" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Megara">Megara</a> no <a href="/wiki/-667" title="-667">667 a.C.</a> e nomeada en honra do seu rei Byzas. O nome «Bizancio» é unha transliteración do nome grego orixinal de Βυζάντιον. O <a href="/wiki/Grego_moderno" class="mw-redirect" title="Grego moderno">grego moderno demótico</a> pronuncia este como Βυζάντιο, /vi.za.ⁿdjo/. </p><p>A través dos anos, esta cidade estivo en mans dos <a href="/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">persas</a>, os cales a ocuparon e destruíron no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_-V" title="Século -V">século V a.C.</a> Recuperada polo <a href="/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta">espartano</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pausanias_(xeneral)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pausanias (xeneral) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pausanias</a> no <a href="/wiki/-479" title="-479">479 a.C.</a>, comezou a reconstruíla no <a href="/wiki/-478" title="-478">478 a.C.</a> Máis tarde <a href="/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta">Esparta</a> tivo que disputar o seu control aos <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">atenienses</a>, quen a tomaron no <a href="/wiki/-409" title="-409">409 a.C.</a>, mais foron expulsados no <a href="/wiki/-405" title="-405">405 a.C.</a>, aínda que no <a href="/wiki/-390" title="-390">390 a.C.</a> volveu a mans atenienses. </p><p>Entre o <a href="/wiki/-336" title="-336">336</a> e o <a href="/wiki/-323" title="-323">323 a.C.</a> estivo en mans dos <a href="/wiki/Reino_de_Macedonia" title="Reino de Macedonia">macedonios</a>, durante o reinado de <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Magno" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Magno">Alexandre Magno</a>. Logo deste, a cidade recuperou certa independencia, agás cando no <a href="/wiki/-279" title="-279">279 a.C.</a> os <a href="/wiki/Celta_(cultura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Celta (cultura)">celtas</a> conquistaron <a href="/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia">Tracia</a>, impondo un tributo a Bizancio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_Imperio_Romano">O Imperio Romano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «O Imperio Romano»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O Imperio Romano"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No ano <a href="/wiki/-191" title="-191">191 a. C.</a> a cidade pasou a ser aliada de <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, quen a recoñeceu como cidade ceibe, aínda que posteriormente pasou a ser posesión directa da República (<a href="/wiki/-100" title="-100">100 a. C.</a>). </p><p>No ano <a href="/wiki/194" title="194">194</a>, Bizancio viuse envolvida nunha disputa entre o emperador romano <a href="/wiki/Septimio_Severo" title="Septimio Severo">Septimio Severo</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pescennius_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pescennius Niger (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pescennius Niger</a>, tomando partido polo derradeiro. Debido a isto Severo cercou a cidade, onde resistían os partidarios de Niger. O sitio durou tres anos, o que alporizou a Severo que, cando finalmente se rendeu, a saqueou, destruíndo as súas murallas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_Imperio_Bizantino">O Imperio Bizantino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «O Imperio Bizantino»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O Imperio Bizantino"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ayasofya_2006-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ayasofya_2006-1.JPG/220px-Ayasofya_2006-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ayasofya_2006-1.JPG/330px-Ayasofya_2006-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ayasofya_2006-1.JPG/440px-Ayasofya_2006-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Igrexa_de_Santa_Sof%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Igrexa de Santa Sofía">igrexa de Santa Sofía</a> (Hagia Sofia) foi convertida en mesquita durante o <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán">Imperio Otomán</a> e dende 1935 é un museo.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Blue_mosque_exterior_Istanbul_2007_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blue_mosque_exterior_Istanbul_2007_004.jpg/220px-Blue_mosque_exterior_Istanbul_2007_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blue_mosque_exterior_Istanbul_2007_004.jpg/330px-Blue_mosque_exterior_Istanbul_2007_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blue_mosque_exterior_Istanbul_2007_004.jpg/440px-Blue_mosque_exterior_Istanbul_2007_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Mesquita_Azul" title="Mesquita Azul">Mesquita Azul</a> (Mesquita do Sultán Ahmed).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_siluet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Istanbul_siluet.jpg/220px-Istanbul_siluet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Istanbul_siluet.jpg/330px-Istanbul_siluet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Istanbul_siluet.jpg/440px-Istanbul_siluet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3004" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption>Silueta da Mesquita Azul e do museo Hagia Sofia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ortakoey_Istanbul_Bosporusbruecke_Mrz2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ortakoey_Istanbul_Bosporusbruecke_Mrz2005.jpg/220px-Ortakoey_Istanbul_Bosporusbruecke_Mrz2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ortakoey_Istanbul_Bosporusbruecke_Mrz2005.jpg/330px-Ortakoey_Istanbul_Bosporusbruecke_Mrz2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ortakoey_Istanbul_Bosporusbruecke_Mrz2005.jpg/440px-Ortakoey_Istanbul_Bosporusbruecke_Mrz2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponte_del_B%C3%B3sforo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponte del Bósforo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ponte do Bósforo</a> sobre o <a href="/wiki/Estreito_do_B%C3%B3sforo" class="mw-redirect" title="Estreito do Bósforo">Estreito do Bósforo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A estratéxica posición de Bizancio atraeu ao emperador romano <a href="/wiki/Constantino_I_o_Grande" title="Constantino I o Grande">Constantino I o Grande</a>, quen no ano <a href="/wiki/330" title="330">330</a>, fundou de novo a cidade como <i>Nova Roma</i> ou <i>Constantinopolis</i> na súa honra (Constantinopla, en grego: <i>Konstantinoupolis</i>, <i>Κωνσταντινούπολις</i>) e converteuna na capital do <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Romano" title="Imperio Romano">Imperio Romano</a> e, trala súa división en <a href="/wiki/395" title="395">395</a>, do <i>Imperio Romano de Oriente</i>, que pasou á historiografía moderna co nome de <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Bizantino" title="Imperio Bizantino">Imperio Bizantino</a>. O nome de <i>Nova Roma</i> nunca se empregou con frecuencia e foi o de <a href="/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla">Constantinopla</a> o que prevaleceu ata a caída do Imperio en <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> e foi usado ata o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a> en <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, no canto de Istanbul (aínda se emprega en <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>). </p><p>A combinación de <a href="/wiki/Imperialismo" title="Imperialismo">imperialismo</a> e posición estratéxica desempeñarían un papel importante, como encrucillada entre dous continentes (<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>), e máis tarde como un incentivo para <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica" title="África">África</a> e outros territorios á súa vez, en termos de comercio, cultura, diplomacia e estratexia. Nunha localización tan valiosa, Constantinopla era quen de controlar a ruta entre Asia e Europa, así como o paso do <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo">mar Mediterráneo</a> ao <i>Efxinos Pontos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro">mar Negro</a>). Isto fixo que mentres que a parte occidental do Imperio Romano entrou nunha crise económica, comercial, política e demográfica, Constantinopla mantivese a súa posición durante séculos, converténdose na grande urbe europea medieval. </p><p>Do primeiro período de esplendor do Imperio destaca a <a href="/wiki/Igrexa_de_Santa_Sof%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Igrexa de Santa Sofía">Igrexa de Santa Sofía</a>, obra mestra da arte bizantina que mandou construír o Emperador <a href="/wiki/Xustiniano" class="mw-redirect" title="Xustiniano">Xustiniano</a>. Tras unha pequena crise nos séculos <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VII" title="Século VII">VII</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VIII" title="Século VIII">VIII</a>, volvería outra etapa de renacemento no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_IX" title="Século IX">IX</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_X" title="Século X">X</a>, co <a href="/wiki/Cisma_de_Oriente" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisma de Oriente">Cisma de Oriente</a>, tralo que viría a decadencia do Imperio coas <a href="/wiki/Cruzadas" title="Cruzadas">cruzadas</a>, a división en varios estados como o <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Latino" title="Imperio Latino">Imperio Latino</a>, e a constante ameaza turca. No entanto a cidade mantería a súa importancia como centro cultural e comercial da <a href="/wiki/Conca_do_Mediterr%C3%A1neo" title="Conca do Mediterráneo">conca do Mediterráneo</a>, contando con consulados e colonias de mercadores de diversos países. </p><p>O derradeiro <a href="/wiki/Emperador" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperador">emperador</a> (ou <i>basileos</i>) bizantino foi <a href="/wiki/Constantino_XI" title="Constantino XI">Constantino XI</a> quen morreu na defensa da cidade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_Imperio_Otomán"><span id="O_Imperio_Otom.C3.A1n"></span>O Imperio Otomán</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «O Imperio Otomán»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O Imperio Otomán"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%ADda_de_Constantinopla" title="Caída de Constantinopla">Caída de Constantinopla</a> baixo dominio turco o <a href="/wiki/29_de_maio" title="29 de maio">29 de maio</a> de <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> foi un suceso que impactou á sociedade europea da época e que se considera o final da <a href="/wiki/Idade_Media" title="Idade Media">Idade Media</a>. A cidade caeu tras un longo asedio e anos de conflitos cos turcos, que xa conquistaran o resto do <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Bizantino" title="Imperio Bizantino">Imperio Bizantino</a>, debido ao tesón do sultán <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>, chamado naquel momento <i>Fatih</i>, en turco «O Conquistador» e formou parte do <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán">Imperio Otomán</a> ata a súa disolución oficial o <a href="/wiki/1_de_novembro" title="1 de novembro">1 de novembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. Os otománs denominaron a cidade <i>İstanbul</i> ou Istanbul. </p><p>Durante o período otomán a cidade franqueou un cambio cultural completo, e pasou de ser unha cidade bizantina imperial e cristiá ortodoxa a outra otomá e <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islámica</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Igrexa_de_Santa_Sof%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Igrexa de Santa Sofía">Hagia Sophia</a>, a Igrexa da Divina Sabedoría, foi convertida nunha <a href="/wiki/Mesquita" title="Mesquita">mesquita</a> como o foron algunhas outras igrexas na cidade (sobre todo as igrexas dos barrios que puxeron máis empeño en defender a cidade fronte Mehmed III). Moitas igrexas conserváronse e novas mesquitas construíronse ao redor da cidade; cada Sultán construíu unha magnífica <a href="/wiki/Mesquita" title="Mesquita">mesquita</a> para conmemorar o seu reinado. Entre estas mesquitas, as máis extraordinarias son: a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesquita_de_Beyazid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesquita de Beyazid (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mesquita de Beyazid</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesquita_de_S%C3%BCleymaniye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesquita de Süleymaniye (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mesquita de Süleymaniye</a> (a máis grande de Istanbul), a <a href="/wiki/Mesquita_do_Sult%C3%A1n_Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesquita do Sultán Ahmed">Mesquita do Sultán Ahmed</a> (o primeiro sermón do venres ou «Jutba» nesta Mesquita foi lido polo Jelveti Sufí Xeque Aziz Mahmud Hudayi) e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesquita_de_Fatih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesquita de Fatih (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mesquita de Fatih</a>. </p><p>As donas e nais dos Sultáns tamén contribuíron á construción de mesquitas e varias destas, tanto no lado europeo como no asiático da cidade, teñen o nome Mesquita do Sultán Valide, para simbolizar que foron construídos conforme ás ordes da nai do Sultán. </p><p>As ordes <a href="/wiki/Sufismo" title="Sufismo">sufíes</a>, tan estendidas no mundo islámico de entón, tiñan a numerosos discípulos que participaran na conquista da cidade e trasladáronse para instalarse na capital. Durante tempos do Imperio Otomán máis de 100 <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekke (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tekkes</a></i> (centros de reunión e retiro ao xeito dos mosteiros cristiáns nos que se celebraban rituais sufíes) estaban activos tan só en Istanbul. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img55_View_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img55_View_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F.jpg/220px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img55_View_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img55_View_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F.jpg/330px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img55_View_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Istanbul_asv2020-02_img55_View_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F.jpg/440px-Istanbul_asv2020-02_img55_View_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7810" data-file-height="3905" /></a><figcaption>Vista de <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Beşiktaş">Beşiktaş</a> en <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Moitos destes Tekkes aínda perviven no día de hoxe, uns en forma de mesquitas outros como museos, como Jerrahi Tekke en Fatih, as mesquitas de Sünbül Efendi e Ramazan Efendi o Gálata Mevlevihane en Beyoğlu, Yahya Efendi Tekke en Beşiktaş e Bektaşi Tekke en Kadıköy que na actualidade é empregada por musulmáns Alevíes como unha Cemevi. Un elemento pintoresco da paisaxe de certas zonas da cidade de Istanbul, que aínda pervive hoxe en día, son as <i>Türbe</i>s, características tumbas do período otomán. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_República_de_Turquía"><span id="A_Rep.C3.BAblica_de_Turqu.C3.ADa"></span>A República de Turquía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «A República de Turquía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: A República de Turquía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cando a República de <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a> foi establecida por <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> o <a href="/wiki/29_de_outubro" title="29 de outubro">29 de outubro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>, a capital foi trasladada de Constantinopla a <a href="/wiki/Ancara" title="Ancara">Ancara</a>. İstanbul adoptouse como nome oficial en <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>. Nos primeiros anos da república, Istanbul foi pasada por alto en favor da nova capital Ancara, pero durante a década dos anos 50 e 60 Istanbul someteuse ao gran cambio estrutural. A cidade, no seu día cunha numerosa e próspera comunidade <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">grega</a>, herdeiros das orixes gregas da cidade, diminuíu logo dos acontecementos do <a href="/wiki/6_de_setembro" title="6 de setembro">6</a> e o <a href="/wiki/7_de_setembro" title="7 de setembro">7 de setembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>, nos que unha turba atacou e asaltou as comunidades <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">armenia</a>, grega e <a href="/wiki/Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Xudaísmo">xudía</a> da cidade, sen lamentar moitos danos persoais, aínda que un gran número de gregos abandonaron os seus fogares e viaxaron á veciña <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>. </p><p>Na <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1960" title="Década de 1960">década de 1960</a> o goberno de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adnan_Menderes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adnan Menderes (a páxina aínda non existe)">Adnan Menderes</a> procurou desenvolver o país no seu conxunto, e foron construídas novas autoestradas e redes de estradas así como fábricas en todo o país. Unha moderna rede viaria foi construída en Istanbul, pero nalgúns casos, lamentablemente, a expensas da derriba de edificios históricos no interior da cidade. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> asinouse o <i>Acordo de Ankara</i>, que constitúe o primeiro paso do país no seu proceso de integración na <a href="/wiki/Comunidade_Econ%C3%B3mica_Europea" title="Comunidade Económica Europea">Comunidade Económica Europea</a> (posteriormente, na <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Europea" title="Unión Europea">Unión Europea</a>). </p><p>Durante os anos 70 a poboación de Istanbul comezou a medrar rapidamente no momento en que a xente de <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> emigrou á cidade para atopar emprego en moitas das novas fábricas construídas nos arredores da cidade. Este brusco e repentino aumento da poboación provocou unha explosión inmobiliaria, a construción de edificios non se detivo (algúns de mala calidade sofren danos cos frecuentes terremotos que golpean a cidade). Durante este crecemento desmedido moitos lugares situados antes na periferia da cidade foron absorbidos pola gran <a href="/wiki/Metr%C3%B3pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrópole">metrópole</a> de Istanbul. A maioría dos turcos que viviron en Istanbul nesas décadas aínda poden recordar como os distritos da cidade como Maltepe, Kartal, Pendik e outros eran campos verdes. Outras áreas como <a href="/wiki/Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a> non eran máis que unha vila costeira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xeografía"><span id="Xeograf.C3.ADa"></span>Xeografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Xeografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Xeografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/220px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/330px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/440px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Vista satélite da área de Istanbul.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Istanbul_cystern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Istanbul_cystern.jpg/220px-Istanbul_cystern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Istanbul_cystern.jpg/330px-Istanbul_cystern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Istanbul_cystern.jpg/440px-Istanbul_cystern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Cisternas de Basílica.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Bosphore_-_Forteresse_Rumeli_Hisari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bosphore_-_Forteresse_Rumeli_Hisari.jpg/220px-Bosphore_-_Forteresse_Rumeli_Hisari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bosphore_-_Forteresse_Rumeli_Hisari.jpg/330px-Bosphore_-_Forteresse_Rumeli_Hisari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bosphore_-_Forteresse_Rumeli_Hisari.jpg/440px-Bosphore_-_Forteresse_Rumeli_Hisari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption>Fortaleza de Rumeli Hisari.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:DSC04560_Istanbul_-_Bazaar_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_29-5-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DSC04560_Istanbul_-_Bazaar_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_29-5-2006.jpg/220px-DSC04560_Istanbul_-_Bazaar_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_29-5-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DSC04560_Istanbul_-_Bazaar_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_29-5-2006.jpg/330px-DSC04560_Istanbul_-_Bazaar_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_29-5-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DSC04560_Istanbul_-_Bazaar_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_29-5-2006.jpg/440px-DSC04560_Istanbul_-_Bazaar_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_29-5-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Gran Bazar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Spice_Bazaar_Spices.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spice_Bazaar_Spices.jpg/220px-Spice_Bazaar_Spices.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spice_Bazaar_Spices.jpg/330px-Spice_Bazaar_Spices.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Spice_Bazaar_Spices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bazar das <a href="/wiki/Especias" class="mw-redirect" title="Especias">especias</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Valens_aqu%C3%A4dukt02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Valens_aqu%C3%A4dukt02.jpg/220px-Valens_aqu%C3%A4dukt02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Valens_aqu%C3%A4dukt02.jpg/330px-Valens_aqu%C3%A4dukt02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Valens_aqu%C3%A4dukt02.jpg/440px-Valens_aqu%C3%A4dukt02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Acuedutos de Valens</figcaption></figure> <p>Istanbul atópase ao sur do <a href="/wiki/Estreito_do_B%C3%B3sforo" class="mw-redirect" title="Estreito do Bósforo">estreito do Bósforo</a>, ao noroeste da <a href="/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_do_M%C3%A1rmara" title="Rexión do Mármara">Rexión do Mármara</a> entre a <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a> <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">europea</a> e <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">asiática</a>. A parte europea da cidade atópase na parte occidental, mentres a parte asiática atópase na parte oriental. A cidade de Istanbul ten unha superficie de 1.539 km², mentres que a área metropolitana da cidade ten unha superficie de 6.220 km². </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_Bósforo"><span id="O_B.C3.B3sforo"></span>O Bósforo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «O Bósforo»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O Bósforo"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O <b><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sforo" title="Bósforo">Bósforo</a></b> (En <a href="/wiki/Turco" class="mw-redirect" title="Turco">turco</a> <i>Boğaziçi</i>) é un <a href="/wiki/Estreito" title="Estreito">estreito</a> que divide en dúas partes a cidade de Istanbul, conectando ao <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_M%C3%A1rmara" title="Mar de Mármara">mar de Mármara</a> co <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro">mar Negro</a> e separando fisicamente <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. </p><p>Sobre o estreito construíronse dúas <a href="/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte">pontes</a> que comunican os dous continentes. A ponte Bogazici (<i>Boğaziçi Köprüsü</i>), de 1.074 metros de longo, foi completada en <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>. A segunda ponte, a <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Fatih Sultan Mehmet</a> (Fatih Sultan Mehmet Köprüsü, FSM) posúe unha lonxitude de 1.014 metros, foi completada en <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> e atópase a case cinco quilómetros ao norte da primeira ponte. Estas pontes unen Istanbul coas veciñas cidades asiáticas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üsküdar (a páxina aínda non existe)">Üsküdar</a> (en grego <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crisopolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crisopolis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Crisopolis</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadik%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadiköy (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kadiköy</a> (en grego <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcedonia_(cidade)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcedonia (cidade) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Calcedonia</a>), que pasaron a formar unha conurbación con Istanbul na segunda metade do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a>. </p><p>Un <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAnel" title="Túnel">túnel</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferrocarril" title="Ferrocarril">ferroviario</a> de 13,7 quilómetros está sendo construído e estímase a súa terminación para <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. Aproximadamente 1400 metros do túnel van construírse baixo o estreito, mediante a técnica de inmersión do conduto, e prevese que será o máis profundo túnel executado por este método (cun máximo de 56m baixo o nivel da auga). O proxecto contempla a construción dun metro de 13,3 km con catro estacións, que unirá o centro de Istanbul coa urbe oriental e coa urbe occidental. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Risco_sísmico"><span id="Risco_s.C3.ADsmico"></span>Risco sísmico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Risco sísmico»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Risco sísmico"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istanbul está situada preto de falla Anatolia do Norte, unha falla xeoloxicamente activa que foi responsable de varios tremores mortais na historia contemporánea da cidade. Os estudos demostran que hai un risco elevado de que nas próximas décadas se produza un terremoto devastador preto de Istanbul. As dificultades para establecer e impor convenientes normas de calidade na construción dos edificios probablemente causarán un enorme número de derrubamentos e esborralles, sobre todo en vivendas de albanelería baratas como os «gecekondu» dos suburbios de Istanbul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Clima»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Clima"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cidade de Istanbul posúe un clima temperado continental, consistente en quentes, longos e húmidos veráns e invernos fríos, chuviosos e con nevadas ocasionais que poden ser abondosas. A media de precipitacións total é de 870 mm anuais. A humidade relativa da cidade é constantemente alta o que fai que se sintan temperaturas moito máis rigorosas que as que en realidade existen. As temperaturas máximas medias durante os meses de inverno varían entre 3 e os 8 <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a>, e ata podendo baixar aos -5 °C e inferiores. Ao contrario da crenza común, as grandes precipitacións en forma de neve son comúns, podendo acaecer entre os meses de novembro e abril. Os meses de verán de xuño a setembro traen temperaturas diúrnas medias de 28 graos centígrados e superiores. A pesar de que o verán é a tempada máis seca, a choiva é común e as inundacións semellantes a un monzón acontecen durante aquela época do ano.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economía"><span id="Econom.C3.ADa"></span>Economía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Economía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Economía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sector_financeiro">Sector financeiro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Sector financeiro»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Sector financeiro"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istanbul constitúe a "capital financeira" de <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a>, aínda cando <a href="/wiki/Ancara" title="Ancara">Ancara</a> vén sendo a capital do país dende <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>. O nacemento de mercados específicos durante a década dos <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">80</a> reforzaron aínda máis o status da cidade. Inaugurada a comezos de <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolsa_de_Valores_de_Istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolsa de Valores de Istanbul (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bolsa de Valores de Istanbul</a> (ISE) é o único mercado de valores de Turquía, establecida para proporcionar operacións con accións, cupóns de dereito, abonos do estado, letras do Tesouro, certificados de participación nos ingresos, bonos emitidos pola privatización da Administración, bonos corporativos, e para levar a cabo transaccións da noite á mañá.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> No ano <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> o <a href="/wiki/Bolsa_de_Valores" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolsa de Valores">ISE</a> decidiu sobre a liberalización dos mercados do <a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">ouro</a>, e en <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul_Gold_Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istanbul Gold Exchange (a páxina aínda non existe)">Istanbul Gold Exchange</a> foi establecido, poñendo fin ao <a href="/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio">monopolio</a> das importacións de lingotes de ouro do Banco Central de Turquía, transferíndose ao sector privado.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os distritos financeiros de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levent (a páxina aínda non existe)">Levent</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maslak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maslak (a páxina aínda non existe)">Maslak</a> son a sede dos principais bancos, compañías turcas, e tamén dos grandes xigantes do sector financeiro como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citibank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citibank (a páxina aínda non existe)">Citibank</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merrill_Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merrill Lynch (a páxina aínda non existe)">Merrill Lynch</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HSBC (a páxina aínda non existe)">HSBC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABN_Amro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABN Amro (a páxina aínda non existe)">ABN Amro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Fortis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ING_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ING Bank (a páxina aínda non existe)">ING Bank</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=BNP_Paribas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BNP Paribas (a páxina aínda non existe)">BNP Paribas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société Générale (a páxina aínda non existe)">Société Générale</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banca_di_Roma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banca di Roma (a páxina aínda non existe)">Banca di Roma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=UniCredit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UniCredit (a páxina aínda non existe)">UniCredit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=WestLB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WestLB (a páxina aínda non existe)">WestLB</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Bank (a páxina aínda non existe)">Deutsche Bank</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commerzbank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commerzbank (a páxina aínda non existe)">Commerzbank</a>, entre outros. Os distritos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levent (a páxina aínda non existe)">Levent</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maslak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maslak (a páxina aínda non existe)">Maslak</a> teñen un constante crecemento dinámico que se pode comprobar coa constante construción de novos <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%B1aceos" title="Rañaceos">rañaceos</a> todos os anos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turismo">Turismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar a sección: «Turismo»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Turismo"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istanbul é a principal cidade turística de <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a>. Na cidade atópanse centos de <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hoteis</a> e industrias orientadas ao <a href="/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo">turismo</a>. No <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> un total de 23 148 669 turistas viaxaron a <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a>, a maioría deles entraron no país a través dos aeroportos e portos de Istanbul e <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup>. O número total de turistas que entraron a través dos Aeroportos Internacionais de Atatürk e Sabiha Gökçen de Istanbul chegou aos 5 346 658, fronte aos 4849.353 do <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. </p><p>Istanbul é tamén un dos maiores destinos de conferencias do mundo, medrando a súa elección como destino entre as principais asociacións mundiais<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup>. O atractivo de Istanbul como cidade de conferencias desenvolveuse coa creación de tres áreas de conferencias e exhibicións: <i>The Conference Valley</i> Val das conferencias, <i>The Airport & Exhibition District</i> Distrito do aeroporto e das exhibicións (con 150.000 m² de espazo para exhibicións) e o <i>Business & Financial District</i> Distrito de negocios e financeiro. Estas áreas presentan unha combinación de aloxamento, facilidades de encontro, e espazo de exhibición. Estas áreas poden ser visitadas de xeito individual ou colectivo, grazas á rede de <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a> que as une; entre as tres poden acoller a máis de 10.000 visitantes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lugares_de_interese">Lugares de interese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar a sección: «Lugares de interese»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Lugares de interese"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istanbul foi e é un crisol cultural e étnico. Por conseguinte, hai numerosas mesquitas, igrexas, sinagogas e palacios históricos dignos de visitar na cidade. </p><p>A cidade vella está principalmente situada no estreito do <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sforo" title="Bósforo">Bósforo</a>. Con todo, a cidade moderna é máis ampla e comprende ambos os lados (europeo e asiático) do estreito. Entre os seus encantos turísticos inclúense a <a href="/wiki/Igrexa_de_Santa_Sof%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Igrexa de Santa Sofía">Igrexa da Divina Sabedoría</a> (Hagia Sofia), Sarıyer, Eyüp e Taksim na parte europea, e Beyköz, Üsküdar, Kadıköy, Moda, Bostancı e Adalar na parte asiática. Como capital que foi de dous dos imperios máis poderosos da Terra, e cidade cosmopolita que, para o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVI" title="Século XVI">século XVI</a>, era probablemente a máis civilizada e multicultural, Istanbul alberga monumentos extraordinarios: palacios, igrexas e o Hipódromo que datan da época bizantina; as mesquitas de Sultanahmet e Süleymaniye; e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palacio_de_Topkap%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palacio de Topkap? (a páxina aínda non existe)">Palacio de Topkap?</a> (<i>Topkapı Sarayı</i>), sede do poder imperial otomán, entre outros. </p><p><b>Edificios e monumentos</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesquita_de_Arap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesquita de Arap (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mesquita de Arap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisternas_de_Bas%C3%ADlica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisternas de Basílica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cisternas de Basílica</a></li> <li>Igrexa búlgara de Santo Estevo (coñecido como a «Igrexa de Ferro búlgara»)</li> <li>Palacio de Dolmabahçe</li> <li>Mesquita de Fatih</li> <li>Torre de Gálata (Galata Kulesi)</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Igrexa_de_Santa_Sof%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Igrexa de Santa Sofía">Igrexa da Divina Sabedoría</a>, Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya Camii)</li> <li>Avenida de Istiklal (İstiklâl Caddesi)</li> <li>Museo dos Mosaicos</li> <li>As Illas do Príncipe</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museo_Sadberk_Han%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museo Sadberk Hanım (a páxina aínda non existe)">Museo Sadberk Hanım</a></li> <li>Mesquita de Sultanahmet ou Mesquita Azul</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesquita_de_S%C3%BCleymaniye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesquita de Süleymaniye (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mesquita de Süleymaniye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Topkapi" title="Palacio de Topkapi">Palacio Topkapı</a></li> <li>Torre da doncela, Torre de San Leandro (Kız Kulesi)</li> <li>Hipódromo</li></ul> <p><b>Mercados, barrios e lugares diversos</b> </p> <ul><li>Restaurantes de peixe da zona de Bebek</li> <li>Beyoğlu</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corno_de_Ouro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corno de Ouro (a páxina aínda non existe)">Corno de Ouro</a></li> <li>Praza de Taksim</li> <li>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Bazar_(Istanbul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Bazar (Istanbul) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gran Bazar</a></li> <li>O Bazar exipcio ou das Especias,</li> <li>Cemiterio de Eyüp</li> <li>Moda, Kadğköy</li> <li>Bağdat Caddesi, Kadıköy</li></ul> <p><b>Construcións emblemáticas</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_de_Atat%C3%BCrk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estadio Olímpico de Atatürk (a páxina aínda non existe)">Estadio Olímpico de Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_do_B%C3%B3sforo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponte do Bósforo">Ponte do Bósforo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torre_de_Televisi%C3%B3n_de_%C3%87aml%C4%B1%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torre de Televisión de Çamlıça (a páxina aínda non existe)">Torre de Televisión de Çamlıça</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castelo_das_sete_Torres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castelo das sete Torres (a páxina aínda non existe)">Castelo das sete Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torre_TV_Endem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torre TV Endem (a páxina aínda non existe)">Torre TV Endem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponte_de_Fatih_Sultan_Mehmet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponte de Fatih Sultan Mehmet (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ponte de Fatih Sultan Mehmet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponte_G%C3%A1lata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponte Gálata (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ponte Gálata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3dromo_de_Constantinopla" title="Hipódromo de Constantinopla">Hipódromo de Constantinopla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumeli_Hisar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumeli Hisarı (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rumeli Hisarı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tünel (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tünel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cidades_irmandadas">Cidades irmandadas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar a sección: «Cidades irmandadas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Cidades irmandadas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istanbul está irmandada con 45 cidades: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Almati" title="Almati">Almati</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A1n" title="Amán">Amán</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acerbaixán"><img alt="Acerbaixán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bak%C3%BA" title="Bakú">Bakú</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="España"><img alt="España" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña"><img alt="Alemaña" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn" title="Berlín">Berlín</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hungría"><img alt="Hungría" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arxentina" title="Arxentina"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Sur" title="Corea do Sur"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/20px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/30px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/40px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanía"><img alt="Romanía" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Constan%C5%A3a" class="mw-redirect" title="Constanţa">Constanţa</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emiratos Árabes Unidos"><img alt="Emiratos Árabes Unidos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iacarta" title="Iacarta">Iacarta</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia"><img alt="Italia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Florencia" title="Florencia">Florencia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/A_Habana" title="A Habana">A Habana</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malaisia"><img alt="Malaisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cabul" title="Cabul">Cabul</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Egypt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exipto"><img alt="Exipto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/20px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/O_Cairo" title="O Cairo">O Cairo</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Sudan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartum (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kartum</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña"><img alt="Alemaña" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Colonia,_Alema%C3%B1a" title="Colonia, Alemaña">Colonia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaz%C3%A1n" title="Kazán">Kazán</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paquistán"><img alt="Paquistán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary,_Turcomenist%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary, Turcomenistán (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mary</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ucraína"><img alt="Ucraína" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kirguizistán"><img alt="Kirguizistán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ox (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ox</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa"><img alt="República Checa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Xaneiro" title="Río de Xaneiro">Río de Xaneiro</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_e_Hercegovina" title="Bosnia e Hercegovina"><img alt="Bosnia e Hercegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saraxevo" title="Saraxevo">Saraxevo</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uzbekistán"><img alt="Uzbekistán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarkand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarkand (a páxina aínda non existe)">Samarkand</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macedonia do Norte"><img alt="Macedonia do Norte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Petersburgo" title="San Petersburgo">San Petersburgo</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Estrasburgo" title="Estrasburgo">Estrasburgo</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="República Popular da China"><img alt="República Popular da China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Xangai" class="mw-redirect" title="Xangai">Xangai</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xapón"><img alt="Xapón" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki" title="Shimonoseki">Shimonoseki</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia"><img alt="Italia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia">Venecia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polonia"><img alt="Polonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Varsovia" title="Varsovia">Varsovia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="República Popular da China"><img alt="República Popular da China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%">Predecesor:<br /><b><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lituania"><img alt="Lituania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b> </td> <td width="40%"><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:EU_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/EU_Insignia.svg/60px-EU_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/EU_Insignia.svg/90px-EU_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/EU_Insignia.svg/120px-EU_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="327" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Capital_Europea_da_cultura" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital Europea da cultura">Capital Europea da cultura</a><br />xunto a <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña"><img alt="Alemaña" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> e <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hungría"><img alt="Hungría" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> </td> <td width="30%">Sucesor:<br /><b><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Finlandia"><img alt="Finlandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tal%C3%ADn" title="Talín">Talín</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Definicións no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academia.gal/dicionario/-/termo/bizantino"><i>Dicionario da Real Academia Galega</i></a> e no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portaldaspalabras.gal/dicionario/procura/bizantino">Portal das Palabras</a> para <i>bizantino</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anaír Rodríguez Rodríguez, Montserrat Davila Ventura. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kit.consellodacultura.gal/web/uploads/adxuntos/arquivo/52de6c496a39c-lingua_galega._dubidas_linguisticas.pdf"><i>Lingua galega: dúbidas lingüísticas</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Área de Normalización Lingüística da Universidade de Vigo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/84-8158-266-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/84-8158-266-2">84-8158-266-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.btitle=Lingua+galega%3A+d%C3%BAbidas+ling%C3%BC%C3sticas&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=84-8158-266-2&rft.pub=%C3%81rea+de+Normalizaci%C3%B3n+Ling%C3%BC%C3stica+da+Universidade+de+Vigo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkit.consellodacultura.gal%2Fweb%2Fuploads%2Fadxuntos%2Farquivo%2F52de6c496a39c-lingua_galega._dubidas_linguisticas.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Santa María, Inés; Massó, Noé (2009). <i>Atlas xeográfico e histórico de Galicia e do Mundo</i>. <a href="/wiki/Edici%C3%B3ns_do_Cumio" title="Edicións do Cumio">Do Cumio</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-84-8289-328-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-84-8289-328-0">978-84-8289-328-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.au=Mass%C3%B3%2C+No%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=In%C3%A9s&rft.aulast=Santa+Mar%C3a&rft.btitle=Atlas+xeogr%C3%A1fico+e+hist%C3%B3rico+de+Galicia+e+do+Mundo&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-84-8289-328-0&rft.pub=Do+Cumio&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i><a href="/wiki/Diciopedia_do_s%C3%A9culo_21" title="Diciopedia do século 21">Diciopedia do século 21</a></i>. Isaac Díaz Pardo, Víctor F. Freixanes, Antón Mascato (edición). Editorial Galaxia. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9788482893600" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9788482893600">9788482893600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.btitle=Diciopedia+do+s%C3%A9culo+21&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788482893600&rft.pub=Editorial+Galaxia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf">"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation updated"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Meteorologische Zeitschrift</i> <b>15</b> (3): 259–263. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MetZe..15..259K">2006MetZe..15..259K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130">10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.atitle=World+Map+of+the+K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger+climate+classi%EF%AC%81cation+updated&rft.au=Beck%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Grieser%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Rube%2C+Franz&rft.au=Rudolf%2C+Bruno&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.aulast=Kottek&rft.date=2006-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Meteorologische+Zeitschrift&rft.pages=259-263&rft.volume=15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schweizerbart.de%2Fresources%2Fdownloads%2Fpaper_free%2F55034.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MetZe..15..259K&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/4/439/2007/hessd-4-439-2007.pdf">"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i> <b>4</b> (2): 439–473. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5194%2Fhessd-4-439-2007">10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.atitle=Updated+world+map+of+the+K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger+climate+classi%EF%AC%81cation&rft.au=Finlayson%2C+B.+L.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+T.+A.&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Hydrology+and+Earth+System+Sciences&rft.pages=439-473&rft.volume=4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net%2F4%2F439%2F2007%2Fhessd-4-439-2007.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fhessd-4-439-2007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516010141/http://dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/aylik-normal-yagis-dagilimi.aspx?a=08#sfB">"Total Participation Data: August"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en Turkish)</span>. Turkish State Meteorological Service. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/aylik-normal-yagis-dagilimi.aspx?a=08#sfB">o orixinal</a> o 16 de maio de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.btitle=Total+Participation+Data%3A+August&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Turkish+State+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.gov.tr%2Fveridegerlendirme%2Faylik-normal-yagis-dagilimi.aspx%3Fa%3D08%23sfB&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Foreign Economic Relations Board Turkey DEIK (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061218191258/http://www.deik.org.tr/bultenler/businessguide/DEIK-BG-5-FinancialSector.pdf">"Financial sector"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deik.org.tr/bultenler/businessguide/DEIK-BG-5-FinancialSector.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 18 de decembro de 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2007-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.btitle=Financial+sector&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deik.org.tr%2Fbultenler%2Fbusinessguide%2FDEIK-BG-5-FinancialSector.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">World Gold Council (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gold.org/jewellery/professional/initiatives/middle_east/turkey.html">"World Gold Council > jewellery:Turkey"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2007-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.btitle=World+Gold+Council+%3E+jewellery%3ATurkey&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gold.org%2Fjewellery%2Fprofessional%2Finitiatives%2Fmiddle_east%2Fturkey.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/5865839.asp?gid=52">Hürriyet: 2006’da Türkiye’ye gelen turist başına harcama 728 dolara indi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Reed Exhibitions Limited (member of the Association of Event Organisers (AEO)) (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929043740/http://www.eibtm.com/app/homepage.cfm?linkid=23044&moduleid=3336&pram=364&K_NP_id=8324&LocParam=Y&appname=100486">"EIBTM 2007 - The Global Meetings & Incentive Exhibition for the MICE Industry"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eibtm.com/app/homepage.cfm?linkid=23044&moduleid=3336&pram=364&K_NP_id=8324&LocParam=Y&appname=100486">o orixinal</a> o 29 de setembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2006-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.btitle=EIBTM+2007+-+The+Global+Meetings+%26+Incentive+Exhibition+for+the+MICE+Industry&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eibtm.com%2Fapp%2Fhomepage.cfm%3Flinkid%3D23044%26moduleid%3D3336%26pram%3D364%26K_NP_id%3D8324%26LocParam%3DY%26appname%3D100486&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Wikimedia Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia na categoría:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istanbul" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Istanbul">Istambul</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406" title="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata"><img alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBoyarFleet2010" class="citation book">Boyar, Ebru; Fleet, Kate (2010). <i>A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul</i>. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-521-13623-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-521-13623-5">978-0-521-13623-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.au=Fleet%2C+Kate&rft.aufirst=Ebru&rft.aulast=Boyar&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+Ottoman+Istanbul&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-13623-5&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBloomBlair2009" class="citation book">Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=RA1-PA315"><i>The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Delhi to Mosque</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-19-530991-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-19-530991-1">978-0-19-530991-1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2013</span>. <q>Whatever the prehistoric antecedents of Istanbul, the continuous historical development of the site began with the foundation of a Greek colony from Megara in the mid-7th century BCE...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.au=Blair%2C+Sheila&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Art+and+Architecture%3A+Delhi+to+Mosque&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530991-1&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dun4WcfEASZwC%26pg%3DRA1-PA315&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrink-Danan2011" class="citation book">Brink-Danan, Marcy (2011). <i>Jewish Life in Twenty-First-Century turkey: The Other Side of Tolerance</i>. New Anthropologies of Europe. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-253-35690-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-253-35690-1">978-0-253-35690-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Marcy&rft.aulast=Brink-Danan&rft.btitle=Jewish+Life+in+Twenty-First-Century+turkey%3A+The+Other+Side+of+Tolerance&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35690-1&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.series=New+Anthropologies+of+Europe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrummett2000" class="citation book">Brummett, Palmira Johnson (2000). <i>Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911</i>. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7914-4463-4" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7914-4463-4">978-0-7914-4463-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Palmira+Johnson&rft.aulast=Brummett&rft.btitle=Image+and+Imperialism+in+the+Ottoman+Revolutionary+Press%2C+1908%931911&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-4463-4&rft.place=Albany%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCantor1994" class="citation book">Cantor, Norman F. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilizationofmi0000norm"><i>Civilization of the Middle Ages</i></a>. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-06-092553-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-06-092553-6">978-0-06-092553-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Norman+F.&rft.aulast=Cantor&rft.btitle=Civilization+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-06-092553-6&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilizationofmi0000norm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFÇelik1993" class="citation book">Çelik, Zeynep (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC"><i>The Remaking of Istanbul: Portuait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century</i></a>. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-520-08239-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-520-08239-7">978-0-520-08239-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Zeynep&rft.aulast=%C3%87elik&rft.btitle=The+Remaking+of+Istanbul%3A+Portuait+of+an+Ottoman+City+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08239-7&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif.%2C+%26+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChamber_of_Architects_of_turkey2006" class="citation book">Chamber of Architects of turkey (2006). <i>Architectural Guide to Istanbul: Historic Peninsula</i> <b>1</b>. Istanbul: Chamber of Architects of turkey, Istanbul Metuopolitan Branch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-975-395-899-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-975-395-899-8">978-975-395-899-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.au=Chamber+of+Architects+of+turkey&rft.btitle=Architectural+Guide+to+Istanbul%3A+Historic+Peninsula&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-975-395-899-8&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Chamber+of+Architects+of+turkey%2C+Istanbul+Metuopolitan+Branch&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChandler1987" class="citation book">Chandler, Tertius (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan"><i>Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census</i></a>. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-88946-207-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-88946-207-6">978-0-88946-207-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Tertius&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.btitle=Four+Thousand+Years+of+Urban+Growth%3A+An+Historical+Census&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-88946-207-6&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=St.+David%27s+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourthousandyear0000chan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFConnell2010" class="citation book">Connell, John (2010). <i>Medical Tourism</i>. CAB Books. Wallingford, Eng.: CABI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-84593-660-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-84593-660-0">978-1-84593-660-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Connell&rft.btitle=Medical+Tourism&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-84593-660-0&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+Eng.&rft.pub=CABI&rft.series=CAB+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDahmus1995" class="citation book">Dahmus, Joseph (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea0000dahm"><i>A History of the Middle Ages</i></a>. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7607-0036-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7607-0036-5">978-0-7607-0036-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Dahmus&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-0036-5&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmiddlea0000dahm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonGitlitz2002" class="citation book">Davidson, Linda Kay; Gitlitz, David Martin (2002). <i>Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland: An Encyclopedia</i> <b>1</b>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-57607-004-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-57607-004-8">978-1-57607-004-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.au=Gitlitz%2C+David+Martin&rft.aufirst=Linda+Kay&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage%3A+From+the+Ganges+to+Graceland%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-004-8&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDe_Sélincourt2003" class="citation book">De Sélincourt, Aubery (2003). John M Marincola, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histories00hero"><i>The Histories</i></a>. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-14-044908-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-14-044908-2">978-0-14-044908-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Aubery&rft.aulast=De+S%C3%A9lincourt&rft.btitle=The+Histories&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-14-044908-2&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.series=Penguin+Classics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistories00hero&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDe_Souza2003" class="citation book">De Souza, Philip (2003). <i>The Greek and Persian Wars, 499-386 B.C</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-415-96854-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-415-96854-6">978-0-415-96854-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AIstambul&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=De+Souza&rft.btitle=The+Greek+and+Persian+Wars%2C+499-386+B.C&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96854-6&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istambul&action=edit&section=19" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istanbul.gov.tu">Goberno municipal de Istanbul</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ligaz%C3%B3ns_mortas" title="Wikipedia:Ligazóns mortas">Ligazón morta</a></i>]</sup> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca">turco</a>)</i> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830200545/http://www.istanbulcityguide.com/">Guía de Istanbul</a> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istanbul.com">Istanbul.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311005655/https://istanbul.com/">Arquivado</a> 11 de marzo de 2020 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca">turco</a>)</i> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istanbul.edu.tu">Universidade de Istanbul</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ligaz%C3%B3ns_mortas" title="Wikipedia:Ligazóns mortas">Ligazón morta</a></i>]</sup> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca">turco</a>)</i></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitais_europeas_da_cultura" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4" style="background-color: #003399; color:#FFCC00;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Capitais_europeas_da_cultura" title="Modelo:Capitais europeas da cultura"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversa_modelo:Capitais_europeas_da_cultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversa modelo:Capitais europeas da cultura (a páxina aínda non existe)"><abbr title="Conversa do modelo">c</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Capitais_europeas_da_cultura&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar o modelo">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitais_europeas_da_cultura" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitais europeas da cultura</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandeira da Unión Europea"><img alt="Bandeira da Unión Europea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/90px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/120px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Florencia" title="Florencia">Florencia</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81msterdam" title="Ámsterdam">Ámsterdam</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn" title="Berlín">Berlín</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Dubl%C3%ADn" title="Dublín">Dublín</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Anveres" title="Anveres">Anveres</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa">Lisboa</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgo_(cidade)" title="Luxemburgo (cidade)">Luxemburgo</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Copenhague" title="Copenhague">Copenhague</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Tesal%C3%B3nica" title="Tesalónica">Tesalónica</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Estocolmo" title="Estocolmo">Estocolmo</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Reiquiavik" title="Reiquiavik">Reiquiavik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Helsinqui" title="Helsinqui">Helsinqui</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bruxelas" title="Bruxelas">Bruxelas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cracovia" title="Cracovia">Cracovia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> · <a href="/wiki/Avi%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Aviñón">Aviñón</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Boloña">Boloña</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Porto,_Portugal" title="Porto, Portugal">Porto</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Bruxas" title="Bruxas">Bruxas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9nova" title="Xénova">Xénova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgo" title="Luxemburgo">Luxemburgo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> (rexión)</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> · <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Istambul</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tal%C3%ADn" title="Talín">Talín</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Marsella" title="Marsella">Marsella</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Mons" title="Mons">Mons</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Donostia" title="Donostia">Donostia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a> · <a href="/wiki/A_Valeta" title="A Valeta">A Valeta</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esch-sur-Alzette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esch-sur-Alzette (a páxina aínda non existe)">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bad_Ischl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bad Ischl (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bad Ischl</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bod%C3%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodø (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bodø</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Carte_des_capitales_europ%C3%A9ennes_de_la_culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mapa de Europa coas CEC"><img alt="Mapa de Europa coas CEC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Carte_des_capitales_europ%C3%A9ennes_de_la_culture.jpg/60px-Carte_des_capitales_europ%C3%A9ennes_de_la_culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Carte_des_capitales_europ%C3%A9ennes_de_la_culture.jpg/90px-Carte_des_capitales_europ%C3%A9ennes_de_la_culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Carte_des_capitales_europ%C3%A9ennes_de_la_culture.jpg/120px-Carte_des_capitales_europ%C3%A9ennes_de_la_culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" 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