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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rationalisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rationalisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rationalisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rationalisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Article_connexe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_connexe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Article connexe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_connexe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Usulisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 19 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شيعة أصولية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شيعة أصولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="شيعه اصوليه – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شيعه اصوليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Csulilik" title="Üsulilik – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üsulilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="উসুলি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উসুলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Usulism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usuloj" title="Usuloj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usul%C3%ADes" title="Usulíes – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Usulíes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="اصولیون – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اصولیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ուսուլիներ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուսուլիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usuli" title="Usuli – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Usuli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9)" title="اصولی (اہل تشیع) – cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اصولی (اہل تشیع)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE" title="ဥဆုလီ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥဆုလီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9)" title="اصولی (اہل تشیع) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اصولی (اہل تشیع)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Усулиты – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Усулиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usuli" title="Usuli – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Usuli" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usuli" title="Usuli – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Usuli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us%C3%BBl%C3%AElik" title="Usûlîlik – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Usûlîlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9)" title="اصولی (اہل تشیع) – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اصولی (اہل تشیع)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E8%98%87%E5%8B%92%E6%B4%BE" title="烏蘇勒派 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烏蘇勒派" 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"><figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Traduction_%C3%A0_revoir" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus.</figcaption></figure><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Translation_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Translation_arrow.svg/45px-Translation_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Translation_arrow.svg/68px-Translation_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Translation_arrow.svg/90px-Translation_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">La traduction de cet article ou de cette section doit être revue</strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-06" data-sort-value="2019-06">juin 2019</time>).</small> </p> <div class="nomobile"> <p>Le contenu est difficilement compréhensible vu les erreurs de traduction, qui sont peut-être dues à l'utilisation d'un logiciel de traduction automatique. </p> Discutez des points à améliorer en <a href="/wiki/Discussion:Usulisme#Traduction_à_revoir" title="Discussion:Usulisme">page de discussion</a> ou <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&action=edit">modifiez l'article</a></span>.</div> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"><figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%80_recycler" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus.</figcaption></figure><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-recycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Circle-icons-recycle.svg/45px-Circle-icons-recycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Circle-icons-recycle.svg/68px-Circle-icons-recycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Circle-icons-recycle.svg/90px-Circle-icons-recycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article relatif à la <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> doit être <a href="/wiki/Aide:Recyclage" title="Aide:Recyclage">recyclé</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-06" data-sort-value="2019-06">juin 2019</time>).</small> </p> <div class="nomobile"> Une réorganisation et une clarification du contenu paraissent nécessaires. <span class="noprint plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Usulisme" title="Spécial:EditPage/Usulisme">Améliorez-le</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Discussion:Usulisme" title="Discussion:Usulisme">discutez des points à améliorer</a> ou précisez les sections à recycler en utilisant <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Section_%C3%A0_recycler" title="Modèle:Section à recycler">{{section à recycler}}</a>.</div> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/40px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/120px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant l’<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>.</strong> </p> <div class="nomobile"> Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>.</div> </div></div> <p>L'<b>usulisme</b> est le principal courant du <a href="/wiki/Jafarisme" title="Jafarisme">jafarisme</a>, première <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">école islamique</a> d'inspiration <a href="/wiki/Chiisme" title="Chiisme">chiite</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rationalisme">Rationalisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Rationalisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Rationalisme"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'usulisme est considéré comme un courant rationaliste en évolution, marqué par l'institutionnalisation et la hiérarchisation de son clergé, mais également par sa politisation. Cette hiérarchie du clergé continue de se former autour de la maîtrise de l'<a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hermann_p22_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hermann_p22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La distinction chiite entre <a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" title="Mujtahid">Mujtahid</a> et <a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Muqallid</a> est considérée comme l'une des conséquences religieuses de l'usulisme dans le chiisme. Dans l'école de <a href="/wiki/Hilla" title="Hilla">Hilla</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, aux <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>-<abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>/<abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècles), le principal représentant de l'usulisme est <a href="/wiki/Allamah_Al-Hilli" title="Allamah Al-Hilli">Al-Mutahhar Hilli</a> (1250/648 - mort en 726/1325). L'influence des mujtahid se développe au sein des tribunaux religieux dans la gestion des <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a>, dans la collecte et la redistribution des impôts religieux. </p><p>Le clergé usuli acquiert une grande indépendance financière vis-à-vis de l'<a href="/wiki/Dynastie_Kadjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastie Kadjar">État Kadjar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hermann_p22_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hermann_p22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi les premiers mujtahid, on mentionne <a href="/wiki/Morteza_Ansari" title="Morteza Ansari">Morteza Ansari</a>, grand savant chiite, le premier <a href="/wiki/Marja-e_taqlid" title="Marja-e taqlid">Marja-e taqlid</a>, en désignant un juriste possédant la plus haute autorité dans le <a href="/wiki/Chiisme_duod%C3%A9cimain" title="Chiisme duodécimain">chiisme duodécimain</a> dans le monde chiite. Selon Hermann, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Shirazi" title="Mirza Shirazi">Mirza Hasan shirazi</a> (1814-1895), élève de Shaykh Ansari (1800-1864), est celui qui révèle le potentiel politique de Marja-e taqlid, dans un contexte marqué par l'influence croissante de l'Occident en Perse kadjar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hermann_p22-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hermann_p22_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Hermann_p22_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hermann2017">Hermann 2017</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hermann2017">Hermann 2017</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 24.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_connexe">Article connexe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Article connexe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Article connexe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jafarisme" title="Jafarisme">Jafarisme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usulisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Hermann2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Denis_Hermann2017">Denis Hermann, <cite class="italique">le shaykhisme à la période Qajar : histoire sociale et doctrinale d'une école chiite</cite>, <time>2017</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=le+shaykhisme+%C3%A0+la+p%C3%A9riode+Qajar&rft.stitle=histoire+sociale+et+doctrinale+d%27une+%C3%A9cole+chiite&rft.aulast=Hermann&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.date=2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AUsulisme"></span></span></span></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Monde_islamique" title="Modèle:Palette Monde islamique"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Monde_islamique&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Courants_de_l%27islam" title="Courants de l'islam">Courants et mouvements</a> en <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme">Sunnites</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Écoles</a> de <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_islamique" title="Jurisprudence islamique">jurisprudence</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanafisme" title="Hanafisme">Hanafite</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%BB_Han%C3%AEfa" title="Abû Hanîfa">Imām-e Â’zām Abû Ḥanīfah Nuʿmān ibn Thābit ibn Zūṭā ibn Marzubān</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malikisme" title="Malikisme">Malikite</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2lik_ibn_Anas" title="Mâlik ibn Anas">Imām Mālik ibn Anas</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chaf%C3%A9isme" title="Chaféisme">Chaféite</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ash-Sh%C3%A2fi%27%C3%AE" title="Ash-Shâfi'î">Imām Al-Chafi'i</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanbalisme" title="Hanbalisme">Hanbalite</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad Ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zahirisme" title="Zahirisme">Zahirite</a></b> <ul><li><span style="white-space:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Daoud_el-Zahiri" title="Daoud el-Zahiri">Daoud el-Zahiri</a></i></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Abû Muḥammad Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'īd ibn Hazm az-Zahiri al-Andalussi</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAq%C3%AEda" title="ʿAqîda">Écoles théologiques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Atharisme" title="Atharisme">Atharisme</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad Ibn Hanbal">Ahmed ben Hanbal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qudama_Al-Maqdisi" title="Ibn Qudama Al-Maqdisi">Ibn Qudama Al-Maqdisi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Acharisme" title="Acharisme">Acharite</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abou_Hassan_al-Achari" title="Abou Hassan al-Achari">Ash'ari</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maturidisme" title="Maturidisme">Mâturîdî</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abul_Mans%C3%BBr_Al_M%C3%A2tur%C3%AEd%C3%AE" title="Abul Mansûr Al Mâturîdî">Abul Mansûr Al Mâturîdî</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Soufisme" title="Soufisme">Soufisme</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFssawa" title="Aïssawa">Aïssawa</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Al_Akbariyya" title="Al Akbariyya">Akbar’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bektachi" title="Bektachi">Baktāsh’īyyah</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tekke_Arabati_Baba" title="Tekke Arabati Baba">Arabatians</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chadhiliyya" title="Chadhiliyya">Chādhil’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chishtiyya" title="Chishtiyya">Chisht’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hadrat_Abu_Yaqub_Yusuf_Hamdani" title="Hadrat Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani">Hamdān’īyyah</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" title="Naqshbandiyya">Nāqshband’īyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yasavi" title="Ahmed Yasavi">Yasav’īyyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hurufisme" title="Hurufisme">Hurūf’īyyah</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuktawiyya" title="Nuktawiyya">Nūktāw’īyyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kubr%C3%A2wiyya" title="Kubrâwiyya">Kubrâwiyya</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordre_mevlevi" title="Ordre mevlevi">Mawlaw’īyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omar_Sohrawardi" title="Omar Sohrawardi">Suhraward’īyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uwaisi" title="Uwaisi">Owais’īyyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A2mati" title="Malâmati">Malāmat’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mouridisme" title="Mouridisme">Mourides</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qādir’īyyah</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordre_Galibi" title="Ordre Galibi">Gālibī</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9matollahi" title="Nématollahi">Né'matollāhī</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qālandar’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rāhmān’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rifa%27iyya" title="Rifa'iyya">Rifā’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBzbeh%C3%A2n" title="Rûzbehân">Ruzbihaniyya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tijaniyya" title="Tijaniyya">Tidjā’īyyah</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zahediyeh" title="Zahediyeh">Zahed’īyyah</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khalwatiyya" title="Khalwatiyya">Khālwat’īyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayramiyya" title="Bayramiyya">Bayram’īyyah</a></i> <ul><li><i>Shams’īyya-î <a href="/wiki/Bayramiyya" title="Bayramiyya">Bayram’īyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jelveti" title="Jelveti">Jalwat’īyya-î Bayram’īyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A2mati" title="Malâmati">Malāmat’īyya</a>-î <a href="/wiki/Bayramiyya" title="Bayramiyya">Bayram’īyyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Safavieh" title="Safavieh">Sāfav’īyyah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px">Mouvements et nouveaux courants</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a> <ul><li><i>Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam">Jamaat-e-Ulema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A8res_musulmans" title="Frères musulmans">Frères musulmans</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hassan_el-Banna" title="Hassan el-Banna">Hassan el-Banna</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taqiuddin_al-Nabhani" title="Taqiuddin al-Nabhani">Taqiuddin al-Nabhani</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani" title="Burhanuddin Rabbani">Burhanuddin Rabbani</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurculuk" title="Nurculuk">Jamaat-e-Nūrsi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%AFd_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Saïd Nursî">Said Nursi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbach" title="Al-Ahbach">Jam'iyyat al-Mashari' al-Khayriyya al-Islamiyya</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondation_(institution)" title="Fondation (institution)">La Fondation</a> de la Recherche <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamique</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Naik" title="Zakir Naik">Zakir Naik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)" title="Société (sciences sociales)">La Society</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">américaine</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme">l'islam sunnite</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Warith_Deen_Muhammad" title="Warith Deen Muhammad">Warith’ūd-Dīn Muḥammad</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Salafisme" title="Salafisme">Salafisme</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">Wahhabisme</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Abdelwahhab" title="Mohammed ben Abdelwahhab">Ibn Abdelwahhab</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafisme" title="Salafisme">Salafisme</a> du <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> en <a href="/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Deedat" title="Ahmed Deedat">Ahmed Deedat</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Ahl al-Hadîth</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Chiisme" title="Chiisme">Chiites</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px">Mouvements et courants</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ghul%C4%81t" title="Ghulāt">Ghulāt</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaysanites" title="Kaysanites">Kaysanites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alaouites" title="Alaouites">Nusayris</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%A9lisme" title="Ismaélisme">Ismaéliens</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jabir ibn Hayyan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan_al-Safa" title="Ikhwan al-Safa">Ikhwan al-Safa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qarmates" title="Qarmates">Qarmates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatimides" title="Fatimides">Fatimides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Druzes" title="Druzes">Druzes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niz%C3%A2rites" title="Nizârites">Nizârites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mustaliens" title="Mustaliens">Mustaliens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chiisme_duod%C3%A9cimain" title="Chiisme duodécimain">Duodécimains</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akhbarisme" title="Akhbarisme">Akhbarisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Usulisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaykhisme" title="Shaykhisme">Shaykhisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_d%27Ispahan" title="École d'Ispahan">École d'Ispahan</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zaydisme" title="Zaydisme">Zaydites</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAq%C3%AEda" title="ʿAqîda">Écoles théologiques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jafarisme" title="Jafarisme">Jafarisme</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Kharidjisme" title="Kharidjisme">Kharidjites</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Écoles</a> de <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_islamique" title="Jurisprudence islamique">jurisprudence</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Azraqites" title="Azraqites">Azraqites</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Najadates" title="Najadates">Najadates</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sufrites" title="Sufrites">Sufrites</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abu Yazid</a></i> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nekkarites" title="Nekkarites">Nekkarites</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abou_Qurra" title="Abou Qurra">Abou Qurra</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajardites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajardites (page inexistante)">Ajardites</a></b> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maymuniyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maymuniyya (page inexistante)">Maymuniyya</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%27leb%C4%AByyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa'lebīyyah (page inexistante)">Sa'lebīyyah</a></b></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Haruriyya" title="Haruriyya">Haruriyya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayhasiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayhasiyya (page inexistante)">Bayhasiyya</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bayhas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bayhas (page inexistante)">Abu Bayhas</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px">Autres courants</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ibadisme" title="Ibadisme">Ibadisme</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coranisme" title="Coranisme">Coranisme</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mutazilisme" title="Mutazilisme">Mutazilisme</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Islam_lib%C3%A9ral" title="Islam libéral">Islam libéral</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Islam_des_Lumi%C3%A8res" title="Islam des Lumières">Islam des Lumières</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Musulman_sans_d%C3%A9nomination" title="Musulman sans dénomination">Sans dénomination</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px">Courants non reconnus par l’orthodoxie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Takfirisme" title="Takfirisme">Takfirisme</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ahmadisme" title="Ahmadisme">Ahmadisme</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></i></li> <li><i>Lahorisme-Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad</i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEn-i-Il%C3%A2h%C3%AE" title="Dîn-i-Ilâhî">Dîn-i-Ilâhî</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> <a href="/wiki/Chah" title="Chah">Shah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khojas" title="Khojas">Khojas</a></b> <ul><li><span style="white-space:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></b> <i>(organisation de l'unité <a href="/wiki/Afro-Am%C3%A9ricains" title="Afro-Américains">Afro-Américains</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mouvement_afro-am%C3%A9ricain_des_droits_civiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement afro-américain des droits civiques">Mouvement afro-américain des droits civiques</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad" title="Wallace Fard Muhammad">Wallace Fard Muhammad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad" title="Elijah Muhammad">Elijah Muhammad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five-Percent Nation</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Clarence_13X" title="Clarence 13X">Clarence 13X</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:130px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religions_kurdes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religions kurdes (page inexistante)">Religions kurdes</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yazdanisme" title="Yazdanisme">Yazdanisme</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A2rs%C3%A2nisme" title="Yârsânisme">Yârsânisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9zidisme" title="Yézidisme">Yézidisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A9visme" title="Alévisme">Alévisme</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_du_monde_dans_l%27islam" title="Division du monde dans l'islam">Division du monde dans l'islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Islam" title="Catégorie:Islam">Autres sujets liés à l'islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Islam" title="Portail de l’islam"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Islam_Portal_icon_2.svg/40px-Islam_Portal_icon_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Islam_Portal_icon_2.svg/60px-Islam_Portal_icon_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Islam" title="Portail:Islam">Portail de l’islam</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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