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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Betsimisaraka" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Betsimisaraka" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Betsimisaraka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 18 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="شعب بيتسيميساراكا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب بيتسيميساراكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бецымісарака – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бецымісарака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisarakes" title="Betsimisarakes – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Betsimisarakes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka_people" title="Betsimisaraka people – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Betsimisaraka people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisarakad" title="Betsimisarakad – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Betsimisarakad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisarakat" title="Betsimisarakat – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Betsimisarakat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Betsimisaraka" title="Suku Betsimisaraka – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="ベツィミサラカ人 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベツィミサラカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka_(volk)" title="Betsimisaraka (volk) – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Betsimisaraka (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бецимисарака – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бецимисарака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Betsimisaraka – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Betsimisaraka" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2309630#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Betsimisaraka" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Betsimisaraka" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Betsimisaraka"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Betsimisaraka"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Betsimisaraka" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Betsimisaraka" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&oldid=1791418" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Betsimisaraka&id=1791418&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBetsimisaraka"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBetsimisaraka"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Betsimisaraka"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Betsimisaraka&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Betsimisaraka_people" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2309630" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" align="right" style="width: 22em; font-size: 95%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; background-color: #b08261; color: #fee8ab;">Betsimisaraka </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau,_1890-1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau%2C_1890-1910.jpg/200px-Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau%2C_1890-1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau%2C_1890-1910.jpg/300px-Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau%2C_1890-1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau%2C_1890-1910.jpg/400px-Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau%2C_1890-1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><br />Betsimisaraka-vroue </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #fee8ab; color:inherit;">Totale bevolking: </th> <td style="background-color: #fff6d9; color:inherit;">Meer as 1,5 miljoen (2011) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #fee8ab; color:inherit;">Belangrike bevolkings  in: </th> <td style="background-color: #fff6d9; color:inherit;">Ooskus van <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #fee8ab; color:inherit;">Taal: </th> <td style="background-color: #fff6d9; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Malgassies" title="Malgassies">Malgassies</a>, Noord-Betsimisaraka </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #fee8ab; color:inherit;">Geloofsoortuiging: </th> <td style="background-color: #fff6d9; color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #fee8ab; color:inherit;">Verwante etniese groepe: </th> <td style="background-color: #fff6d9; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tsimihety" title="Tsimihety">Tsimihety</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die <b>Betsimisaraka</b> ("die baie onskeibares ") is die grootste <a href="/wiki/Etniese_groep" title="Etniese groep">etniese groep</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> naas die <a href="/wiki/Merina" title="Merina">Merina</a> en maak sowat 15% van die algehele bevolking uit. Hulle bewoon ’n groot strook aan die ooskus van die eiland, van Mananjary in die suide tot Antalaha in die noorde. Die Betsimisaraka het ’n lang geskiedenis van uitgebreide kontak met Europese seevaarders en handelaars en dit het ’n aansienlike subgroep met gemengde Europees-Maleisiese oorsprong met die naam <i>zana-malata</i> tot gevolg gehad. Die Europese invloed is duidelik in die plaaslike <a href="/wiki/Musiek" title="Musiek">musiekgenres</a> <i>valse</i> (wals) en <i>basesa</i>, wat gewoonlik op die <a href="/wiki/Trekklavier" title="Trekklavier">trekklavier</a> gespeel word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deur die 17de eeu is verskeie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clan (bladsy bestaan nie)">clans</a> van die ooskus deur hoofmanne regeer wat gewoonlik aan die hoof van een of twee dorpies was. ’n <i>Zana-malata</i> met die naam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratsimilaho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratsimilaho (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ratsimilaho</a> het hierdie clans in 1710 onder sy bewind verenig. Hy het 50 jaar regeer en ’n gevoel van gedeelde identiteit en stabiliteit in sy koninkryk gevestig, maar sy opvolgers het die eenheid geleidelik laat verswak en dit kwesbaar gelaat vir die groeiende invloed van Europese en veral Franse setlaars, <a href="/wiki/Slawe" class="mw-redirect" title="Slawe">slawehandelaars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sendeling" title="Sendeling">sendelinge</a> en handelaars. Die verdeelde Betsimisaraka-koninkryk is maklik in 1817 deur <a href="/wiki/Radama_I" title="Radama I">Radama I</a>, koning van <a href="/wiki/Koninkryk_Imerina" title="Koninkryk Imerina">Imerina</a>, gekoloniseer. Hy het vanuit sy hoofstad, <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> op die sentrale plato, regeer. Die onderwerping van die Betsimisaraka in die 19de eeu het hulle redelik verarm gelaat; onder die Franse koloniale bewind (1896-1960) is ’n poging aangewend om toegang tot onderwys en betaalde werkneming te verbeter. </p><p>Wat kultuur betref, kan die Betsimisaraka in ’n noordelike en suidelike subgroep verdeel word. Hulle deel baie kultuurelemente, soos die verering van hul voorouers, geestesbesetenheid, rituele offerandes van die <a href="/wiki/Seboe" title="Seboe">seboe</a> en ’n patriargale sosiale struktuur. Hulle beoefen <i><a href="/wiki/Famadihana" title="Famadihana">famadihana</a></i> (herbegrafnis) en <i>sambatra</i> (<a href="/wiki/Besnydenis" title="Besnydenis">besnydenis</a>) en glo in <a href="/wiki/Towery" class="mw-redirect" title="Towery">towery</a> en ’n verskeidenheid bonatuurlike magte. Baie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taboe (bladsy bestaan nie)">taboes</a> en <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">volksverhale</a> draai om <a href="/wiki/Lemur" title="Lemur">lemurs</a> en <a href="/wiki/Krokodil" title="Krokodil">krokodille</a>, wat albei volop in die Betsimisaraka se gebied is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/15px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/23px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsimisaraka_people" class="extiw" title="en:Betsimisaraka people">Engelse Wikipedia</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border&#124;Vlag_van_Madagaskar&#124;link=Madagaskar_Etniese_groepe_van_Madagaskar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Etniese_groepe_van_Madagaskar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Etniese groepe van Madagaskar"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Etniese_groepe_van_Madagaskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Etniese groepe van Madagaskar (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Etniese_groepe_van_Madagaskar&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none 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Madagaskar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Etniese groepe</a> van <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malagassi%C3%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malagassiërs (bladsy bestaan nie)">Inheems</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antaifasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antaifasy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Antaifasy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antemoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antemoro (bladsy bestaan nie)">Antemoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antaisaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antaisaka (bladsy bestaan nie)">Antaisaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antambahoaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antambahoaka (bladsy bestaan nie)">Antambahoaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antandroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antandroy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Antandroy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antankarana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antankarana (bladsy bestaan nie)">Antankarana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antanosy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antanosy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Antanosy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bara (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsileo" title="Betsileo">Betsileo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Betsimisaraka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bezanozano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bezanozano (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bezanozano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahafaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahafaly (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mahafaly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makoa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Makoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masikoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masikoro (bladsy bestaan nie)">Masikoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina" title="Merina">Merina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikea (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakalava" title="Sakalava">Sakalava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sihanaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sihanaka (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sihanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanala (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tanala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimihety" title="Tsimihety">Tsimihety</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vezo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vezo (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vezo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zafimaniry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zafimaniry (bladsy bestaan nie)">Zafimaniry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zafisoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zafisoro (bladsy bestaan nie)">Zafisoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uitheems</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indi%C3%ABrs_in_Madagaskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiërs in Madagaskar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karana (Indiërs)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_in_Madagaskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese in Madagaskar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sinoa (Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franse_in_Madagaskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franse in Madagaskar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vazaha (Franse, Europeërs)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Sien ook:</b> <a href="/wiki/Vazimba" title="Vazimba">Vazimba</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2309630&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2309630&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2309630" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85013478">sh85013478</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027491994">027491994</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&oldid=1791418">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betsimisaraka&oldid=1791418</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Etniese_groepe_in_Madagaskar" title="Kategorie:Etniese groepe in Madagaskar">Etniese groepe in Madagaskar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_SUDOC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders">Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_2_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 2 elemente">Normdata met 2 elemente</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 8 September 2018 om 11:30 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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