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class="md:t-min-h-[calc(100vh-350px)]"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed"},"author":{"name":"Chris Young","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778"},"headline":"NASA’s LISTER could reveal how the moon formed, pave way for lunar habitats","datePublished":"2025-02-08T15:34:29+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-10T10:26:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed"},"wordCount":1272,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Blue-Ghost.png","caption":"An artist's impression of Blue Ghost on the lunar surface."},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Blue-Ghost.png","keywords":["Blue Ghost","Firefly Aerospace","LISTER","Lunar","Moon","NASA","Space","SpaceX"],"articleSection":["Space"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2025","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://interestingengineering.com/policies/editorial-policy","isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".body-content","value":"So many missions have flown to the Moon in recent months that it’s hard to keep up.Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost was one of two lunar landers blasted toward the lunar surface by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on January 15.Roughly a week after launch, Blue Ghost fired its thrusters to propel itself out of Earth’s orbit and make its way to the moon. It will arrive in just over a month. Once there, it will release a host of different payloads, which will serve different purposes and constitute different missions.One of these, NASA’s LISTER, is set to have a long-lasting impact on the future of space exploration. It will collect data on the moon’s internal heat flow, a key indicator of the satellite’s stability and a window into its ancient past.This insight could inform the future of spaceflight by providing key data for habitability on the moon and beyond. At the same, it could teach us a great deal about the formation of the moon, which remains a mystery.In an interview with Interesting Engineering, Mike Selby, lunar payloads manager at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, observed that LISTER could have a lasting legacy. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system,” he said.Measuring the moon’s internal heat flowThere is a lot we don’t know about our celestial neighbor. According to NASA, humans have physically explored only 5% of the lunar surface. It wasn’t until 2023 that scientists conclusively determined the moon has a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core. We also simply don’t know how it formed. The moon is estimated to have emerged a hundred million years after our solar system. One theory suggests that, billions of years ago, Earth may have been hit by an object the size of Mars called Theia. A massive chunk of Earth would have broken off. As with any large mass in the cosmos, gravity will have turned it into the massive sphere we see today.However, there are several theories on the origin of the moon and none of these are conclusively proven. NASA’s LISTER instrument before it was stored in Blue Ghost. Source: Firefly AerospaceNASA’s LISTER, which stands for Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, was jointly developed by Texas Tech University in Lubbock and Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, California. It is one of ten NASA payloads flying to the moon as part of NASA’s latest CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery.The instrument will collect data that could shed light on the moon’s ancient past. It may even help scientists determine how it came to exist. “It is important to study the moon’s internal heat flow in order to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the moon,” Selby explained. Uncovering the moon’s thermal evolutionLISTER will use a state-of-the-art pneumatic drill to dig three meters below the lunar surface. Every half-meter, the drill will pause and extend a custom-built thermal probe into the lunar soil, or regolith. Using this method, NASA will measure two different aspects of the moon’s heat flow. It will look at the thermal gradient, which refers to changes in temperature at various depths. Separately, it will measure thermal conductivity, which shows how much heat passes through the subsurface’s material. By taking these measurements at various locations, scientists will be able to piece together a comprehensive view of the moon’s thermal evolution. “In other words,” as Selby put it, “it will help better inform us how our nearest neighbor in the solar system was formed.”“LISTER’s technology will be used in other regions of the lunar surface too,” he continued. “The next iteration of LISTER will be part of a payload suite on a later CLPS delivery to Schrodinger Basin, which is near the lunar south pole on the far side of the moon. It is important to make these measurements at multiple locations in order to best reconstruct the moon’s thermal evolution.”LISTER’s innovative pneumatic drillBlue Ghost and LISTER are set to land in the moon’s Mare Crisium region, on the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The landing will take place on March 2. Before it arrives, NASA will have performed three transit health checks on LISTER to make sure the instrument is in working order.“Two LISTER transit health checks have been performed so far, and LISTER was shown to be operating nominally,” said Selby. “One additional transit health check for LISTER will be performed prior to landing on the moon.”Image of Earth captured by Blue Ghost as it carried LISTER and other payloads toward the Moon. Source: Firefly Aerospace / XOnce on the lunar surface, further checks will take place before LISTER deploys its pneumatic drill. The device will use compressed gas instead of a traditional drill auger to drill into the lunar regolith in half-meter increments.“In using compressed gas instead of a conventional auger, LISTER’s advanced pneumatic drill will reach depths using much less power and energy than more traditional methods that have been previously used,” Selby noted. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system.”Essentially, if LISTER is successful, it could help future missions by providing a great amount of data on other solar systems. With its data potentially having a crucial bearing on future lunar colonies, the technology could also play an important role in the colonization of Mars.Establishing human presence on the moonAlthough, humans must first establish a permanent presence on the moon, which is the goal of NASA’s Artemis program. With Artemis III, NASA aims to land the first astronauts on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. If the mission is a success, the space agency will then look toward building lunar bases.“[LISTER’s] data is important for the future of NASA’s Artemis campaign as a pathfinder to demonstrate capabilities before we send humans to the lunar surface,” added Selby. “Once proven as part of the CLPS initiative, versions of these instruments could perhaps be flown as part of future human missions to the moon.”Ultimately, data could determine the safety of future lunar crews. Last year, a paper highlighted that the lunar south pole’s surface might not be as stable as once thought. It emphasized the fact that the moon is very gradually shrinking. This causes surface warping, which makes certain regions particularly prone to landslides. It’s important to better understand the lunar south pole, as scientists believe it stores vast amounts of ice water in its shadowed craters. The goal is to harvest this water to enable future lunar habitation. As such, Artemis III will be the first mission in history to land humans at the lunar south pole. Their goal will be to conduct science to better understand the region.“Data such as internal heat flow is important when it comes to future lunar habitation because it allows us to learn more about the composition of the lunar subsurface,” said Selby. “From there, we can learn even more about potential lunar resources and find the safest ways to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface,” he concluded. 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15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-flex-col t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="article-heading t-w-full md:t-w-[53.75%]"><ul class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/space"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Space</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">NASA’s LISTER could reveal how the moon formed, pave way for lunar habitats</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>LISTER, which took off on Firefly Aerospace’s lunar lander, will use compressed gas to drill into the moon’s regolith in half-meter increments.</p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Feb 10, 2025 05:26 AM EST</time></div></div><div class="t-hidden"><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance" title="Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits">Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance" title="Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/video-worlds-first-humanoid-lifelike-muscles" title="Video: World’s first humanoid robot with lifelike muscles and bones twitches to life ">Video: World’s first humanoid robot with lifelike muscles and bones twitches to life </a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/video-worlds-first-humanoid-lifelike-muscles" title="Video: World’s first humanoid robot with lifelike muscles and bones twitches to life "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-builds-powerful-spy-camera" title="China builds world’s most powerful spy camera that sees millimeter details from 62 miles">China builds world’s most powerful spy camera that sees millimeter details from 62 miles</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-builds-powerful-spy-camera" title="China builds world’s most powerful spy camera that sees millimeter details from 62 miles"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-first-drone-killer-suit" title="US first drone killer suit that zaps UAVs 4-mile away with Terminator-like gun revealed">US first drone killer suit that zaps UAVs 4-mile away with Terminator-like gun revealed</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-first-drone-killer-suit" title="US first drone killer suit that zaps UAVs 4-mile away with Terminator-like gun revealed"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/two-planes-collide-mid-air-in-us" title="Two planes collide mid-air in US, fatal crash claims lives">Two planes collide mid-air in US, fatal crash claims lives</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/two-planes-collide-mid-air-in-us" title="Two planes collide mid-air in US, fatal crash claims lives"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/australia-oldest-megaraptor-new-dinosaur" title="Double jackpot: Australia finds oldest megaraptor along with new dinosaur fossils">Double jackpot: Australia finds oldest megaraptor along with new dinosaur fossils</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/australia-oldest-megaraptor-new-dinosaur" title="Double jackpot: Australia finds oldest megaraptor along with new dinosaur fossils"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-launches-iphone-16e" title="Apple launches $599 iPhone 16e with Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite connectivity ">Apple launches $599 iPhone 16e with Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite connectivity </a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-launches-iphone-16e" title="Apple launches $599 iPhone 16e with Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite connectivity "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/minuteman-iii-launched" title="US launches Minuteman III missile, showcases nuclear forces' effective deterrent">US launches Minuteman III missile, showcases nuclear forces' effective deterrent</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/minuteman-iii-launched" title="US launches Minuteman III missile, showcases nuclear forces' effective deterrent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-humanoid-robot-dances-dodges-attack" title="Video: China’s humanoid robot dances while dodging soccer ball, stick attack">Video: China’s humanoid robot dances while dodging soccer ball, stick attack</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-humanoid-robot-dances-dodges-attack" title="Video: China’s humanoid robot dances while dodging soccer ball, stick attack"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/device-turns-waste-heat-into-power" title="US scientists create physics-defying device to turn waste heat into electricity">US scientists create physics-defying device to turn waste heat into electricity</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/device-turns-waste-heat-into-power" title="US scientists create physics-defying device to turn waste heat into electricity"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/gene-edited-chinese-rice-strain" title="China creates super rice that reduces heart disease risk through everyday meals">China creates super rice that reduces heart disease risk through everyday meals</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/gene-edited-chinese-rice-strain" title="China creates super rice that reduces heart disease risk through everyday meals"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/yotta-energy-replaces-battery-ballast-blocks" title="Ballast blocks become batteries in new US tech, boosting rooftop solar power">Ballast blocks become batteries in new US tech, boosting rooftop solar power</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/yotta-energy-replaces-battery-ballast-blocks" title="Ballast blocks become batteries in new US tech, boosting rooftop solar power"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-create-plastic-ice-vii" title="‘Plastic ice’: Scientists create bizarre cosmic ice that may shape alien oceans">‘Plastic ice’: Scientists create bizarre cosmic ice that may shape alien oceans</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-create-plastic-ice-vii" title="‘Plastic ice’: Scientists create bizarre cosmic ice that may shape alien oceans"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/uranium-mining-operation-wyoming-milestone" title="Wyoming hits nuclear 'milestone' with first uranium batch dried and drummed">Wyoming hits nuclear 'milestone' with first uranium batch dried and drummed</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/uranium-mining-operation-wyoming-milestone" title="Wyoming hits nuclear 'milestone' with first uranium batch dried and drummed"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/transparent-electrodes-for-bifacial-solar-cells" title="Breakthrough bifacial solar cells hit 80% efficiency with new transparent electrodes">Breakthrough bifacial solar cells hit 80% efficiency with new transparent electrodes</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt" title="Rupendra Brahambhatt" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Rupendra Brahambhatt</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">4 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/transparent-electrodes-for-bifacial-solar-cells" title="Breakthrough bifacial solar cells hit 80% efficiency with new transparent electrodes"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mosquito-antennae-earthquake-tsunami-detection" title="Mosquito antennae inspires new earthquake, tsunami detection technology">Mosquito antennae inspires new earthquake, tsunami detection technology</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/georgina-jedikovska" title="Georgina Jedikovska" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Georgina Jedikovska</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">4 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mosquito-antennae-earthquake-tsunami-detection" title="Mosquito antennae inspires new earthquake, tsunami detection technology"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-smallest-lego-sculpture" title="UK artist creates world's smallest Lego sculpture with size similar to blood cell">UK artist creates world's smallest Lego sculpture with size similar to blood cell</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">5 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-smallest-lego-sculpture" title="UK artist creates world's smallest Lego sculpture with size similar to blood cell"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnets-cut-flaws-3d-printing" title="Hip implants to jet parts: Magnets cut 3D printing flaws by 80%, X-rays reveal">Hip implants to jet parts: Magnets cut 3D printing flaws by 80%, X-rays reveal</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">5 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnets-cut-flaws-3d-printing" title="Hip implants to jet parts: Magnets cut 3D printing flaws by 80%, X-rays reveal"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/butterfly-wings-inspire-faster-cancer-imaging" title="Butterfly wings inspire US scientists to create faster, cheaper cancer imaging">Butterfly wings inspire US scientists to create faster, cheaper cancer imaging</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">6 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/butterfly-wings-inspire-faster-cancer-imaging" title="Butterfly wings inspire US scientists to create faster, cheaper cancer imaging"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw" title="‘The Matrix’: Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for bureaucracy,’ slamming US spendings">‘The Matrix’: Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for bureaucracy,’ slamming US spendings</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">10 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw" title="‘The Matrix’: Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for bureaucracy,’ slamming US spendings"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div data-url="nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed" class="new-article"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young"><img src="https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg" alt="Photo of the Author Chris Young" title="Photo of the Author Chris Young" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[50px] headingSection_author_info__image___0MRY"/></a></div><div><p class="h4-style-desktop t-font-bold braintree-heading 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width="584" height="421" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F01%2FBlue-Ghost.png&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F01%2FBlue-Ghost.png&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F01%2FBlue-Ghost.png&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">An artist's representation of Blue Ghost on the lunar surface.</p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasas-lexi-will-provide-x-ray-vision-of-earths-magnetosphere/">Firefly Aerospace</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>So many missions have flown to the Moon in recent months that it’s hard to keep up.</p> <p>Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost was one of two lunar landers blasted toward the lunar surface by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on January 15.</p> <p>Roughly a week after launch, <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-2025-space-missions" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">Blue Ghost</a> fired its thrusters to propel itself out of Earth’s orbit and make its way to the moon. It will arrive in just over a month. Once there, it will release a host of different payloads, which will serve different purposes and constitute different missions.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>One of these, NASA’s LISTER, is set to have a long-lasting impact on the future of space exploration. It will collect data on the moon’s internal heat flow, a key indicator of the satellite’s stability and a window into its ancient past.</p> <p>This insight could inform the future of spaceflight by providing key data for habitability on the moon and beyond. At the same, it could teach us a great deal about the formation of the moon, which remains a mystery.</p> <p>In an interview with <em>Interesting Engineering</em>, Mike Selby, lunar payloads manager at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, observed that LISTER could have a lasting legacy. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system,” he said.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading h3-style" id="h-measuring-the-moon-s-internal-heat-flow">Measuring the moon’s internal heat flow</h2> <p>There is a lot we don’t know about our celestial neighbor. According <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasa-payload-aims-to-probe-moons-depths-to-study-heat-flow/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">to NASA</a>, humans have physically explored only 5% of the lunar surface. It wasn’t until 2023 that scientists conclusively determined the moon has a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>We also simply don’t know how it formed. The moon is estimated to have emerged a hundred million years after our solar system. One theory suggests that, billions of years ago, Earth may have been hit by an object the size of Mars called Theia. A massive chunk of Earth would have broken off. As with any large mass in the cosmos, gravity will have turned it into the massive sphere we see today.</p> <p>However, there are <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/lists/formation-of-moon-5-theories" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">several theories</a> on the origin of the moon and none of these are conclusively proven. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1536" src="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?w=1440" alt="" class="wp-image-139609" srcset="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png 2048w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">NASA’s LISTER instrument before it was stored in Blue Ghost. Source: <a href="http://Firefly Aerospace" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Firefly Aerospace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>NASA’s LISTER, which stands for Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, was jointly developed by Texas Tech University in Lubbock and Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, California. It is one of ten NASA payloads flying to the moon as part of NASA’s latest CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery.</p> <p>The instrument will collect data that could shed light on the moon’s ancient past. It may even help scientists determine how it came to exist. “It is important to study the moon’s internal heat flow in order to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the moon,” Selby explained. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading h3-style" id="h-uncovering-the-moon-s-thermal-evolution">Uncovering the moon’s thermal evolution</h2> <p>LISTER will use a state-of-the-art pneumatic drill to dig three meters below the lunar surface. Every half-meter, the drill will pause and extend a custom-built thermal probe into the lunar soil, or regolith. </p> <p>Using this method, NASA will measure two different aspects of the moon’s heat flow. It will look at the thermal gradient, which refers to changes in temperature at various depths. Separately, it will measure thermal conductivity, which shows how much heat passes through the subsurface’s material. </p> <p>By taking these measurements at various locations, scientists will be able to piece together a comprehensive view of the moon’s thermal evolution. “In other words,” as Selby put it, “it will help better inform us how our nearest neighbor in the solar system was formed.”</p> <p>“LISTER’s technology will be used in other regions of the lunar surface too,” he continued. “The next iteration of LISTER will be part of a payload suite on a later CLPS delivery to Schrodinger Basin, which is near the lunar south pole on the far side of the moon. It is important to make these measurements at multiple locations in order to best reconstruct the moon’s thermal evolution.”</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading h3-style" id="h-lister-s-innovative-pneumatic-drill">LISTER’s innovative pneumatic drill</h2> <p>Blue Ghost and LISTER are set to land in the moon’s Mare Crisium region, on the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The landing will take place on March 2. Before it arrives, NASA will have performed three transit health checks on LISTER to make sure the instrument is in working order.</p> <p>“Two LISTER transit health checks have been performed so far, and LISTER was shown to be operating nominally,” said Selby. “One additional transit health check for LISTER will be performed prior to landing on the moon.”</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1440" src="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?w=1440" alt="" class="wp-image-139613" srcset="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Image of Earth captured by Blue Ghost as it carried LISTER and other payloads toward the Moon. Source: <a href="https://x.com/Firefly_Space/status/1882807516859670858/photo/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Firefly Aerospace / X</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Once on the lunar surface, further checks will take place before LISTER deploys its pneumatic drill. The device will use compressed gas instead of a traditional drill auger to drill into the lunar regolith in half-meter increments.</p> <p>“In using compressed gas instead of a conventional auger, LISTER’s advanced pneumatic drill will reach depths using much less power and energy than more traditional methods that have been previously used,” Selby noted. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system.”</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Essentially, if LISTER is successful, it could help future missions by providing a great amount of data on other solar systems. With its data potentially having a crucial bearing on future lunar colonies, the technology could also play an important role in the colonization of Mars.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading h3-style" id="h-establishing-human-presence-on-the-moon">Establishing human presence on the moon</h2> <p>Although, humans must first establish a permanent presence on the moon, which is the goal of NASA’s Artemis program. With Artemis III, NASA aims to land the first astronauts on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. If the mission is a success, the space agency will then look toward building lunar bases.</p> <p>“[LISTER’s] data is important for the future of NASA’s Artemis campaign as a pathfinder to demonstrate capabilities before we send humans to the lunar surface,” added Selby. “Once proven as part of the CLPS initiative, versions of these instruments could perhaps be flown as part of future human missions to the moon.”</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="NASA CLPS Payload Aims to Probe the Moon" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kB4YJJRH7OU?start=19&feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <p>Ultimately, data could determine the safety of future lunar crews. Last year, a <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad1332" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">paper</a> highlighted that the lunar south pole’s surface might not be as stable as once thought. It emphasized the fact that the moon is very <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-moon-is-shrinking-could-it-pose-problems-for-future-astronauts" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">gradually shrinking</a>. This causes surface warping, which makes certain regions particularly prone to landslides. </p> <p>It’s important to better understand the lunar south pole, as scientists believe it stores vast amounts of ice water in its shadowed craters. The goal is to harvest this water to enable future lunar habitation. As such, Artemis III will be the first mission in history to land humans at the lunar south pole. Their goal will be to conduct science to better understand the region.</p> <p>“Data such as internal heat flow is important when it comes to future lunar habitation because it allows us to learn more about the composition of the lunar subsurface,” said Selby. “From there, we can learn even more about potential lunar resources and find the safest ways to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface,” he concluded. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p></p> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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Young\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778\"},\"headline\":\"NASA’s LISTER could reveal how the moon formed, pave way for lunar habitats\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-08T15:34:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-10T10:26:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed\"},\"wordCount\":1272,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Blue-Ghost.png\",\"caption\":\"An artist's impression of Blue Ghost on the lunar surface.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Blue-Ghost.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Blue Ghost\",\"Firefly Aerospace\",\"LISTER\",\"Lunar\",\"Moon\",\"NASA\",\"Space\",\"SpaceX\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/policies/editorial-policy\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":false,\"hasPart\":{\"@type\":\"WebPageElement\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":false,\"cssSelector\":\".body-content\",\"value\":\"So many missions have flown to the Moon in recent months that it’s hard to keep up.Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost was one of two lunar landers blasted toward the lunar surface by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on January 15.Roughly a week after launch, Blue Ghost fired its thrusters to propel itself out of Earth’s orbit and make its way to the moon. It will arrive in just over a month. Once there, it will release a host of different payloads, which will serve different purposes and constitute different missions.One of these, NASA’s LISTER, is set to have a long-lasting impact on the future of space exploration. It will collect data on the moon’s internal heat flow, a key indicator of the satellite’s stability and a window into its ancient past.This insight could inform the future of spaceflight by providing key data for habitability on the moon and beyond. At the same, it could teach us a great deal about the formation of the moon, which remains a mystery.In an interview with Interesting Engineering, Mike Selby, lunar payloads manager at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, observed that LISTER could have a lasting legacy. \u0026#8220;Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system,\u0026#8221; he said.Measuring the moon\u0026#8217;s internal heat flowThere is a lot we don’t know about our celestial neighbor. According to NASA, humans have physically explored only 5% of the lunar surface. It wasn’t until 2023 that scientists conclusively determined the moon has a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core.\u0026nbsp;We also simply don’t know how it formed. The moon is estimated to have emerged a hundred million years after our solar system. One theory suggests that, billions of years ago, Earth may have been hit by an object the size of Mars called Theia. A massive chunk of Earth would have broken off. As with any large mass in the cosmos, gravity will have turned it into the massive sphere we see today.However, there are several theories on the origin of the moon and none of these are conclusively proven.\u0026nbsp;NASA\u0026#8217;s LISTER instrument before it was stored in Blue Ghost. Source: Firefly AerospaceNASA’s LISTER, which stands for Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, was jointly developed by Texas Tech University in Lubbock and Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, California. It is one of ten NASA payloads flying to the moon as part of NASA’s latest CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery.The instrument will collect data that could shed light on the moon’s ancient past. It may even help scientists determine how it came to exist. “It is important to study the moon’s internal heat flow in order to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the moon,” Selby explained. Uncovering the moon\u0026#8217;s thermal evolutionLISTER will use a state-of-the-art pneumatic drill to dig three meters below the lunar surface. Every half-meter, the drill will pause and extend a custom-built thermal probe into the lunar soil, or regolith.\u0026nbsp;Using this method, NASA will measure two different aspects of the moon’s heat flow. It will look at the thermal gradient, which refers to changes in temperature at various depths. Separately, it will measure thermal conductivity, which shows how much heat passes through the subsurface’s material.\u0026nbsp;By taking these measurements at various locations, scientists will be able to piece together a comprehensive view of the moon’s thermal evolution. “In other words,” as Selby put it, “it will help better inform us how our nearest neighbor in the solar system was formed.”“LISTER’s technology will be used in other regions of the lunar surface too,” he continued. “The next iteration of LISTER will be part of a payload suite on a later CLPS delivery to Schrodinger Basin, which is near the lunar south pole on the far side of the moon. It is important to make these measurements at multiple locations in order to best reconstruct the moon’s thermal evolution.\u0026#8221;LISTER\u0026#8217;s innovative pneumatic drillBlue Ghost and LISTER are set to land in the moon’s Mare Crisium region, on the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The landing will take place on March 2. Before it arrives, NASA will have performed three transit health checks on LISTER to make sure the instrument is in working order.“Two LISTER transit health checks have been performed so far, and LISTER was shown to be operating nominally,\u0026#8221; said Selby. “One additional transit health check for LISTER will be performed prior to landing on the moon.\u0026#8221;Image of Earth captured by Blue Ghost as it carried LISTER and other payloads toward the Moon. Source: Firefly Aerospace / XOnce on the lunar surface, further checks will take place before LISTER deploys its pneumatic drill. The device will use compressed gas instead of a traditional drill auger to drill into the lunar regolith in half-meter increments.“In using compressed gas instead of a conventional auger, LISTER’s advanced pneumatic drill will reach depths using much less power and energy than more traditional methods that have been previously used,” Selby noted. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system.”Essentially, if LISTER is successful, it could help future missions by providing a great amount of data on other solar systems. With its data potentially having a crucial bearing on future lunar colonies, the technology could also play an important role in the colonization of Mars.Establishing human presence on the moonAlthough, humans must first establish a permanent presence on the moon, which is the goal of NASA\u0026#8217;s Artemis program. With Artemis III, NASA aims to land the first astronauts on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. If the mission is a success, the space agency will then look toward building lunar bases.“[LISTER’s] data is important for the future of NASA’s Artemis campaign as a pathfinder to demonstrate capabilities before we send humans to the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; added Selby. “Once proven as part of the CLPS initiative, versions of these instruments could perhaps be flown as part of future human missions to the moon.”Ultimately, data could determine the safety of future lunar crews. Last year, a paper highlighted that the lunar south pole’s surface might not be as stable as once thought. It emphasized the fact that the moon is very gradually shrinking. This causes surface warping, which makes certain regions particularly prone to landslides.\u0026nbsp;It’s important to better understand the lunar south pole, as scientists believe it stores vast amounts of ice water in its shadowed craters. The goal is to harvest this water to enable future lunar habitation. As such, Artemis III will be the first mission in history to land humans at the lunar south pole. Their goal will be to conduct science to better understand the region.\u0026#8220;Data such as internal heat flow is important when it comes to future lunar habitation because it allows us to learn more about the composition of the lunar subsurface,\u0026#8221; said Selby. \u0026#8220;From there, we can learn even more about potential lunar resources and find the safest ways to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; he concluded. \"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed\",\"name\":\"NASA’s LISTER could finally reveal how the moon was 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15.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRoughly a week after launch, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-2025-space-missions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBlue Ghost\u003c/a\u003e fired its thrusters to propel itself out of Earth’s orbit and make its way to the moon. It will arrive in just over a month. Once there, it will release a host of different payloads, which will serve different purposes and constitute different missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these, NASA’s LISTER, is set to have a long-lasting impact on the future of space exploration. It will collect data on the moon’s internal heat flow, a key indicator of the satellite’s stability and a window into its ancient past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis insight could inform the future of spaceflight by providing key data for habitability on the moon and beyond. At the same, it could teach us a great deal about the formation of the moon, which remains a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e, Mike Selby, lunar payloads manager at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, observed that LISTER could have a lasting legacy. \u0026#8220;Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system,\u0026#8221; he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-measuring-the-moon-s-internal-heat-flow\"\u003eMeasuring the moon\u0026#8217;s internal heat flow\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a lot we don’t know about our celestial neighbor. According \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasa-payload-aims-to-probe-moons-depths-to-study-heat-flow/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto NASA\u003c/a\u003e, humans have physically explored only 5% of the lunar surface. It wasn’t until 2023 that scientists conclusively determined the moon has a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWe also simply don’t know how it formed. The moon is estimated to have emerged a hundred million years after our solar system. One theory suggests that, billions of years ago, Earth may have been hit by an object the size of Mars called Theia. A massive chunk of Earth would have broken off. As with any large mass in the cosmos, gravity will have turned it into the massive sphere we see today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/formation-of-moon-5-theories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eseveral theories\u003c/a\u003e on the origin of the moon and none of these are conclusively proven.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139609\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png 2048w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s LISTER instrument before it was stored in Blue Ghost. Source: \u003ca href=\"http://Firefly Aerospace\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s LISTER, which stands for Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, was jointly developed by Texas Tech University in Lubbock and Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, California. It is one of ten NASA payloads flying to the moon as part of NASA’s latest CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument will collect data that could shed light on the moon’s ancient past. It may even help scientists determine how it came to exist. “It is important to study the moon’s internal heat flow in order to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the moon,” Selby explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-uncovering-the-moon-s-thermal-evolution\"\u003eUncovering the moon\u0026#8217;s thermal evolution\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLISTER will use a state-of-the-art pneumatic drill to dig three meters below the lunar surface. Every half-meter, the drill will pause and extend a custom-built thermal probe into the lunar soil, or regolith.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing this method, NASA will measure two different aspects of the moon’s heat flow. It will look at the thermal gradient, which refers to changes in temperature at various depths. Separately, it will measure thermal conductivity, which shows how much heat passes through the subsurface’s material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy taking these measurements at various locations, scientists will be able to piece together a comprehensive view of the moon’s thermal evolution. “In other words,” as Selby put it, “it will help better inform us how our nearest neighbor in the solar system was formed.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“LISTER’s technology will be used in other regions of the lunar surface too,” he continued. “The next iteration of LISTER will be part of a payload suite on a later CLPS delivery to Schrodinger Basin, which is near the lunar south pole on the far side of the moon. It is important to make these measurements at multiple locations in order to best reconstruct the moon’s thermal evolution.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lister-s-innovative-pneumatic-drill\"\u003eLISTER\u0026#8217;s innovative pneumatic drill\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlue Ghost and LISTER are set to land in the moon’s Mare Crisium region, on the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The landing will take place on March 2. Before it arrives, NASA will have performed three transit health checks on LISTER to make sure the instrument is in working order.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Two LISTER transit health checks have been performed so far, and LISTER was shown to be operating nominally,\u0026#8221; said Selby. “One additional transit health check for LISTER will be performed prior to landing on the moon.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139613\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eImage of Earth captured by Blue Ghost as it carried LISTER and other payloads toward the Moon. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Firefly_Space/status/1882807516859670858/photo/1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace / X\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce on the lunar surface, further checks will take place before LISTER deploys its pneumatic drill. The device will use compressed gas instead of a traditional drill auger to drill into the lunar regolith in half-meter increments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In using compressed gas instead of a conventional auger, LISTER’s advanced pneumatic drill will reach depths using much less power and energy than more traditional methods that have been previously used,” Selby noted. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEssentially, if LISTER is successful, it could help future missions by providing a great amount of data on other solar systems. With its data potentially having a crucial bearing on future lunar colonies, the technology could also play an important role in the colonization of Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-establishing-human-presence-on-the-moon\"\u003eEstablishing human presence on the moon\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, humans must first establish a permanent presence on the moon, which is the goal of NASA\u0026#8217;s Artemis program. With Artemis III, NASA aims to land the first astronauts on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. If the mission is a success, the space agency will then look toward building lunar bases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[LISTER’s] data is important for the future of NASA’s Artemis campaign as a pathfinder to demonstrate capabilities before we send humans to the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; added Selby. “Once proven as part of the CLPS initiative, versions of these instruments could perhaps be flown as part of future human missions to the moon.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA CLPS Payload Aims to Probe the Moon\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kB4YJJRH7OU?start=19\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, data could determine the safety of future lunar crews. Last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad1332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epaper\u003c/a\u003e highlighted that the lunar south pole’s surface might not be as stable as once thought. It emphasized the fact that the moon is very \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-moon-is-shrinking-could-it-pose-problems-for-future-astronauts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egradually shrinking\u003c/a\u003e. This causes surface warping, which makes certain regions particularly prone to landslides.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s important to better understand the lunar south pole, as scientists believe it stores vast amounts of ice water in its shadowed craters. The goal is to harvest this water to enable future lunar habitation. As such, Artemis III will be the first mission in history to land humans at the lunar south pole. Their goal will be to conduct science to better understand the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Data such as internal heat flow is important when it comes to future lunar habitation because it allows us to learn more about the composition of the lunar subsurface,\u0026#8221; said Selby. \u0026#8220;From there, we can learn even more about potential lunar resources and find the safest ways to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; he concluded. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T581,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these, NASA’s LISTER, is set to have a long-lasting impact on the future of space exploration. It will collect data on the moon’s internal heat flow, a key indicator of the satellite’s stability and a window into its ancient past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis insight could inform the future of spaceflight by providing key data for habitability on the moon and beyond. At the same, it could teach us a great deal about the formation of the moon, which remains a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e, Mike Selby, lunar payloads manager at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, observed that LISTER could have a lasting legacy. \u0026#8220;Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system,\u0026#8221; he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-measuring-the-moon-s-internal-heat-flow\"\u003eMeasuring the moon\u0026#8217;s internal heat flow\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a lot we don’t know about our celestial neighbor. According \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasa-payload-aims-to-probe-moons-depths-to-study-heat-flow/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto NASA\u003c/a\u003e, humans have physically explored only 5% of the lunar surface. It wasn’t until 2023 that scientists conclusively determined the moon has a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T91c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWe also simply don’t know how it formed. The moon is estimated to have emerged a hundred million years after our solar system. One theory suggests that, billions of years ago, Earth may have been hit by an object the size of Mars called Theia. A massive chunk of Earth would have broken off. As with any large mass in the cosmos, gravity will have turned it into the massive sphere we see today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/formation-of-moon-5-theories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eseveral theories\u003c/a\u003e on the origin of the moon and none of these are conclusively proven.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139609\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png 2048w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s LISTER instrument before it was stored in Blue Ghost. Source: \u003ca href=\"http://Firefly Aerospace\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s LISTER, which stands for Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, was jointly developed by Texas Tech University in Lubbock and Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, California. It is one of ten NASA payloads flying to the moon as part of NASA’s latest CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument will collect data that could shed light on the moon’s ancient past. It may even help scientists determine how it came to exist. “It is important to study the moon’s internal heat flow in order to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the moon,” Selby explained. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T564,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-uncovering-the-moon-s-thermal-evolution\"\u003eUncovering the moon\u0026#8217;s thermal evolution\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLISTER will use a state-of-the-art pneumatic drill to dig three meters below the lunar surface. Every half-meter, the drill will pause and extend a custom-built thermal probe into the lunar soil, or regolith.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing this method, NASA will measure two different aspects of the moon’s heat flow. It will look at the thermal gradient, which refers to changes in temperature at various depths. Separately, it will measure thermal conductivity, which shows how much heat passes through the subsurface’s material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy taking these measurements at various locations, scientists will be able to piece together a comprehensive view of the moon’s thermal evolution. “In other words,” as Selby put it, “it will help better inform us how our nearest neighbor in the solar system was formed.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“LISTER’s technology will be used in other regions of the lunar surface too,” he continued. “The next iteration of LISTER will be part of a payload suite on a later CLPS delivery to Schrodinger Basin, which is near the lunar south pole on the far side of the moon. It is important to make these measurements at multiple locations in order to best reconstruct the moon’s thermal evolution.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T954,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lister-s-innovative-pneumatic-drill\"\u003eLISTER\u0026#8217;s innovative pneumatic drill\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlue Ghost and LISTER are set to land in the moon’s Mare Crisium region, on the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The landing will take place on March 2. Before it arrives, NASA will have performed three transit health checks on LISTER to make sure the instrument is in working order.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Two LISTER transit health checks have been performed so far, and LISTER was shown to be operating nominally,\u0026#8221; said Selby. “One additional transit health check for LISTER will be performed prior to landing on the moon.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139613\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eImage of Earth captured by Blue Ghost as it carried LISTER and other payloads toward the Moon. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Firefly_Space/status/1882807516859670858/photo/1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace / X\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce on the lunar surface, further checks will take place before LISTER deploys its pneumatic drill. The device will use compressed gas instead of a traditional drill auger to drill into the lunar regolith in half-meter increments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In using compressed gas instead of a conventional auger, LISTER’s advanced pneumatic drill will reach depths using much less power and energy than more traditional methods that have been previously used,” Selby noted. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T437,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEssentially, if LISTER is successful, it could help future missions by providing a great amount of data on other solar systems. With its data potentially having a crucial bearing on future lunar colonies, the technology could also play an important role in the colonization of Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-establishing-human-presence-on-the-moon\"\u003eEstablishing human presence on the moon\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, humans must first establish a permanent presence on the moon, which is the goal of NASA\u0026#8217;s Artemis program. With Artemis III, NASA aims to land the first astronauts on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. If the mission is a success, the space agency will then look toward building lunar bases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[LISTER’s] data is important for the future of NASA’s Artemis campaign as a pathfinder to demonstrate capabilities before we send humans to the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; added Selby. “Once proven as part of the CLPS initiative, versions of these instruments could perhaps be flown as part of future human missions to the moon.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T7ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA CLPS Payload Aims to Probe the Moon\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kB4YJJRH7OU?start=19\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, data could determine the safety of future lunar crews. Last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad1332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epaper\u003c/a\u003e highlighted that the lunar south pole’s surface might not be as stable as once thought. It emphasized the fact that the moon is very \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-moon-is-shrinking-could-it-pose-problems-for-future-astronauts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egradually shrinking\u003c/a\u003e. This causes surface warping, which makes certain regions particularly prone to landslides.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s important to better understand the lunar south pole, as scientists believe it stores vast amounts of ice water in its shadowed craters. The goal is to harvest this water to enable future lunar habitation. As such, Artemis III will be the first mission in history to land humans at the lunar south pole. Their goal will be to conduct science to better understand the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Data such as internal heat flow is important when it comes to future lunar habitation because it allows us to learn more about the composition of the lunar subsurface,\u0026#8221; said Selby. \u0026#8220;From there, we can learn even more about potential lunar resources and find the safest ways to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; he concluded. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T1c14,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eElon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for democracy,’ touting cuts to US spending\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Elon Musk waved a chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Milei at the CPAC, symbolizing government spending cuts.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for democracy,’ touting cuts to US spending\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Elon Musk waved a chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Milei at the CPAC, symbolizing government spending cuts.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-21T06:05:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-21T09:54:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-Photo-69-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/78c2214b57e99edf55d54e28e5313455\"},\"headline\":\"‘The Matrix’: Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for bureaucracy,’ slamming US 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T1d8e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eDuring his appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, D.C., Elon Musk wielded an ornate, shiny chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Javier Milei. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe chainsaw, a well-known emblem of Milei’s aggressive fiscal policies, served as a symbolic statement reinforcing support for significant government spending reductions in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWearing a black \u0026#8220;Make America Great Again\u0026#8221; hat, he addressed a gathering of Republican supporters, tying the chainsaw’s imagery to broader themes of economic efficiency and limited government intervention. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA video of him enthusiastically waving the chainsaw at the event while the crowd erupted in cheers quickly spread across social media. In the footage, Musk could be heard declaring, \u0026#8220;Chainsaw for bureaucracy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe tech mogul\u0026#8217;s stance aligned with President Donald Trump’s newly established Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), an initiative designed to streamline federal expenditures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-musk-s-political-realignment-and-media-criticism\"\u003eMusk’s political realignment and media criticism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with television host Rob Schmitt, Musk elaborated on his evolving political ideology, acknowledging a shift from a previously neutral stance to a strong alignment with the Republican Party. He cited concerns over the trajectory of national governance as a key driver for this transition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I thought we were sort of heading to a point of no return, really,\u0026#8221; the tech mogul \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/elon-musk-wields-chainsaw-conservative-gathering-gift-argentinas-milei-2025-02-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;And so that\u0026#8217;s why it was so essential that President Trump won the election and that there be a Republican majority in the House and Senate, which thanks to you has been accomplished.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚨 LMAO! Elon Musk just paraded around the stage at CPAC with a chainsaw given to him by Javier Milei 🤣\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026quot;THIS IS THE CHAINSAW FOR BUREAUCRACY!\u0026quot; 🔥 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NcL2f22xjO\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NcL2f22xjO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Nick Sortor (@nicksortor) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nicksortor/status/1892701721958273351?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 20, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReaffirming his core beliefs, Musk further emphasized the importance of restoring foundational national values. \u0026#8220;We need to restore the fundamental elements of what made America great, which is freedom and opportunity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also criticized legacy media, arguing that mainstream news organizations perpetuate ideological homogeneity and function as an \u0026#8220;echo chamber.\u0026#8221; He called for the defunding of these media entities and reiterated that his acquisition of the social media platform X was a strategic effort to safeguard free expression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-doge-s-fiscal-strategy-and-calls-for-greater-transparency\"\u003eDOGE’s fiscal strategy and calls for greater transparency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk underscored the objectives of the Department of Government Efficiency, an advisory body created by Trump via executive order to reduce federal expenditures by nearly $2 trillion. While not an officially recognized government agency, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-not-doge-boss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e operates within federal departments, deploying dedicated personnel to evaluate and recommend budgetary reductions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe contended that the program’s cost-cutting measures are crucial for preserving entitlement programs such as Medicare and Social Security. \u0026#8220;Recent \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-shadow-government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e cuts will help the federal government save Medicare and Social Security,\u0026#8221; Musk claimed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🇺🇸ELON: DOGE WILL SAVE MEDICARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The actions that we\u0026#039;re taking [with DOGE] with the support of the President and the support of the agencies are what will save Medicare, what will save Social Security\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecause if the country goes insolvent—if all the money is… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/sUgVuWYbhz\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/sUgVuWYbhz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Mario Nawfal (@MarioNawfal) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarioNawfal/status/1892753607419973694?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 21, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a push for greater fiscal transparency, the SpaceX CEO advocated for public access to the nation’s gold reserves. \u0026#8220;All this gold at Fort Knox, it’s the public’s gold. It’s your gold, so I think you like have a right to see it,\u0026#8221; Musk asserted. \u0026#8220;It should be a live tour like you can see what’s going on, what’s behind it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTurning to immigration policy, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/02/20/elon-musk-waives-chainsaw-before-giving-doge-update-at-cpac/79352970007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econdemned\u003c/a\u003e the Biden administration’s approach, labeling it a \u0026#8220;giant voter importation scam.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSchmitt pointed out that Musk and Trump have faced allegations of disrupting established political norms. Musk responded unequivocally, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re fighting the matrix big time here. It\u0026#8217;s got to be done.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith DOGE’s cost-cutting policies in focus, Musk keeps pushing for big government spending cuts while calling for political change and more accountability. His CPAC appearance showed his strong commitment to these goals, reinforcing his role in shaping America’s economic discussions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-federal-employee-layoffs-raise-concerns\"\u003eFederal employee layoffs raise concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the administration pushes for budget cuts, the rapid layoffs of federal workers have raised alarms. As \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nuclear-doge-firings-trump-federal-916e6819104f04f44c345b7dde4904d5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e by \u003cem\u003eAP News\u003c/em\u003e, up to 350 employees at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) were laid off on February 13.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most affected locations was the Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas, which saw a 30% workforce reduction. This facility is responsible for reassembling nuclear warheads, one of the most sensitive roles in the nation’s nuclear weapons program.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn total, about 2,000 Department of Energy employees were let go as part of DOGE’s cost-cutting measures. Critics argue that these decisions could put national security at risk.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The DOGE people are coming in with absolutely no knowledge of what these departments are responsible for,” said Daryl Kimball, executive director of the Arms Control Association. “They don’t seem to realize that it’s actually the department of nuclear weapons more than it is the Department of Energy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T577,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA video of him enthusiastically waving the chainsaw at the event while the crowd erupted in cheers quickly spread across social media. In the footage, Musk could be heard declaring, \u0026#8220;Chainsaw for bureaucracy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe tech mogul\u0026#8217;s stance aligned with President Donald Trump’s newly established Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), an initiative designed to streamline federal expenditures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-musk-s-political-realignment-and-media-criticism\"\u003eMusk’s political realignment and media criticism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with television host Rob Schmitt, Musk elaborated on his evolving political ideology, acknowledging a shift from a previously neutral stance to a strong alignment with the Republican Party. He cited concerns over the trajectory of national governance as a key driver for this transition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I thought we were sort of heading to a point of no return, really,\u0026#8221; the tech mogul \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/elon-musk-wields-chainsaw-conservative-gathering-gift-argentinas-milei-2025-02-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;And so that\u0026#8217;s why it was so essential that President Trump won the election and that there be a Republican majority in the House and Senate, which thanks to you has been accomplished.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T6e8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚨 LMAO! Elon Musk just paraded around the stage at CPAC with a chainsaw given to him by Javier Milei 🤣\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026quot;THIS IS THE CHAINSAW FOR BUREAUCRACY!\u0026quot; 🔥 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NcL2f22xjO\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NcL2f22xjO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Nick Sortor (@nicksortor) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nicksortor/status/1892701721958273351?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 20, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReaffirming his core beliefs, Musk further emphasized the importance of restoring foundational national values. \u0026#8220;We need to restore the fundamental elements of what made America great, which is freedom and opportunity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also criticized legacy media, arguing that mainstream news organizations perpetuate ideological homogeneity and function as an \u0026#8220;echo chamber.\u0026#8221; He called for the defunding of these media entities and reiterated that his acquisition of the social media platform X was a strategic effort to safeguard free expression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-doge-s-fiscal-strategy-and-calls-for-greater-transparency\"\u003eDOGE’s fiscal strategy and calls for greater transparency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk underscored the objectives of the Department of Government Efficiency, an advisory body created by Trump via executive order to reduce federal expenditures by nearly $2 trillion. While not an officially recognized government agency, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-not-doge-boss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e operates within federal departments, deploying dedicated personnel to evaluate and recommend budgetary reductions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T608,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe contended that the program’s cost-cutting measures are crucial for preserving entitlement programs such as Medicare and Social Security. \u0026#8220;Recent \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-shadow-government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e cuts will help the federal government save Medicare and Social Security,\u0026#8221; Musk claimed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🇺🇸ELON: DOGE WILL SAVE MEDICARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The actions that we\u0026#039;re taking [with DOGE] with the support of the President and the support of the agencies are what will save Medicare, what will save Social Security\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecause if the country goes insolvent—if all the money is… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/sUgVuWYbhz\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/sUgVuWYbhz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Mario Nawfal (@MarioNawfal) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarioNawfal/status/1892753607419973694?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 21, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a push for greater fiscal transparency, the SpaceX CEO advocated for public access to the nation’s gold reserves. \u0026#8220;All this gold at Fort Knox, it’s the public’s gold. It’s your gold, so I think you like have a right to see it,\u0026#8221; Musk asserted. \u0026#8220;It should be a live tour like you can see what’s going on, what’s behind it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T5a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTurning to immigration policy, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/02/20/elon-musk-waives-chainsaw-before-giving-doge-update-at-cpac/79352970007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econdemned\u003c/a\u003e the Biden administration’s approach, labeling it a \u0026#8220;giant voter importation scam.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSchmitt pointed out that Musk and Trump have faced allegations of disrupting established political norms. Musk responded unequivocally, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re fighting the matrix big time here. It\u0026#8217;s got to be done.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith DOGE’s cost-cutting policies in focus, Musk keeps pushing for big government spending cuts while calling for political change and more accountability. His CPAC appearance showed his strong commitment to these goals, reinforcing his role in shaping America’s economic discussions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-federal-employee-layoffs-raise-concerns\"\u003eFederal employee layoffs raise concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the administration pushes for budget cuts, the rapid layoffs of federal workers have raised alarms. As \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nuclear-doge-firings-trump-federal-916e6819104f04f44c345b7dde4904d5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e by \u003cem\u003eAP News\u003c/em\u003e, up to 350 employees at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) were laid off on February 13.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T1d41,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS Navy upgrades submarines, carriers with advanced nuclear reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"BWX Technologies secures $2.1B to supply advanced nuclear reactors for the US Navy’s next-generation submarines and Ford-class carriers.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US Navy upgrades submarines, carriers with advanced nuclear reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BWX Technologies secures $2.1B to supply advanced nuclear reactors for the US Navy’s next-generation submarines and Ford-class carriers.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T23:40:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T23:40:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Untitled-design-2024-12-26T145349.844.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"US Navy next-gen submarines, carriers to get nuclear reactors with longer deployments\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-20T23:40:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T23:40:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\"},\"wordCount\":572,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Untitled-design-2024-12-26T145349.844.png\",\"caption\":\"US Navy's Virginia-Class Submarine New Jersey. 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Camper, president of BWXT Nuclear Operations Group, expressed pride in supporting the U.S. Navy, highlighting the firm’s specialized expertise in naval nuclear technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These contracts reflect our commitment to providing the necessary components that keep our naval forces operational and secure,” he stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Navy relies heavily on its nuclear-powered fleet, which offers significant advantages like extended deployment capabilities and reduced fuel costs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Columbia-class submarines, for instance, are scheduled to replace the aging Ohio-class fleet as part of a modernization strategy aimed at maintaining the U.S. edge in underwater warfare.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the Virginia-class submarines are multipurpose vessels that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebolster\u003c/a\u003e the Navy’s maritime capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT\u0026#8217;s involvement in the naval nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://www.bwxt.com/news/2025/02/19/BWXT-Announces-21-Billion-in-Contracts-for-Naval-Nuclear-Reactor-Components\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esector\u003c/a\u003e stems from its foundation of innovation and expertise. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has leveraged decades of experience to become a trusted partner in developing and producing nuclear propulsion technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2023 contracts reflect a continued focus on enhancing the capabilities of the Navy amidst evolving global threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-submarines-carriers\"\u003eNext-gen submarines, carriers \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, investments in naval nuclear technologies are part of a broader effort to modernize military infrastructure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMaintaining a robust naval presence is critical to U.S. defense strategy as geopolitical tensions rise, particularly in regions like the South China Sea and Eastern Europe.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnalysts suggest that advancements in submarine technology are essential to deterring aggression from rival nations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe workload generated by these contracts will bolster U.S. military capabilities and provide significant economic benefits.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT’s facilities are expected to create job opportunities to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarine-ssnx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebenefit\u003c/a\u003e the Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana communities where manufacturing operations will occur. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs BWXT moves forward with these contracts, the emphasis on collaboration with the U.S. Navy will likely pave the way for further advancements in naval defense technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ongoing commitment to innovation and excellence in producing nuclear reactor components is poised to enhance the operational readiness of the U.S. naval fleet for years to come.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the recent contracts awarded to BWX Technologies epitomize the critical intersection of technology, national security, and industrial capability.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s endeavors in supporting nuclear propulsion solidify its position in the defense sector and contribute to the larger mission of ensuring a secure and free maritime environment for the United States and its allies.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T435,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nuclear-reactors-with-longer-deployments\"\u003eNuclear reactors with longer deployments\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis latest contract underscores BWXT\u0026#8217;s long-standing relationship with the U.S. Navy, particularly in naval nuclear propulsion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor over 70 years, the company has been a key player in providing technology and services to support the Navy’s operations, demonstrating its capability to manage complex projects crucial for national defense.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the recent contracts, BWXT is also involved in producing and delivering nuclear fuel for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, a separate contract valued at approximately $300 million, awarded to Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc., based in Erwin, Tennessee.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis contract was announced in October 2023 and is expected to be completed this year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGary D. Camper, president of BWXT Nuclear Operations Group, expressed pride in supporting the U.S. Navy, highlighting the firm’s specialized expertise in naval nuclear technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T4e4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These contracts reflect our commitment to providing the necessary components that keep our naval forces operational and secure,” he stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Navy relies heavily on its nuclear-powered fleet, which offers significant advantages like extended deployment capabilities and reduced fuel costs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Columbia-class submarines, for instance, are scheduled to replace the aging Ohio-class fleet as part of a modernization strategy aimed at maintaining the U.S. edge in underwater warfare.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the Virginia-class submarines are multipurpose vessels that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebolster\u003c/a\u003e the Navy’s maritime capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT\u0026#8217;s involvement in the naval nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://www.bwxt.com/news/2025/02/19/BWXT-Announces-21-Billion-in-Contracts-for-Naval-Nuclear-Reactor-Components\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esector\u003c/a\u003e stems from its foundation of innovation and expertise. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has leveraged decades of experience to become a trusted partner in developing and producing nuclear propulsion technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T513,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2023 contracts reflect a continued focus on enhancing the capabilities of the Navy amidst evolving global threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-submarines-carriers\"\u003eNext-gen submarines, carriers \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, investments in naval nuclear technologies are part of a broader effort to modernize military infrastructure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMaintaining a robust naval presence is critical to U.S. defense strategy as geopolitical tensions rise, particularly in regions like the South China Sea and Eastern Europe.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnalysts suggest that advancements in submarine technology are essential to deterring aggression from rival nations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe workload generated by these contracts will bolster U.S. military capabilities and provide significant economic benefits.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT’s facilities are expected to create job opportunities to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarine-ssnx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebenefit\u003c/a\u003e the Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana communities where manufacturing operations will occur. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs BWXT moves forward with these contracts, the emphasis on collaboration with the U.S. Navy will likely pave the way for further advancements in naval defense technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T1ddd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina explores radiation shield for cancer treatment, nuclear fallout\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shielding against radiation will not only help people survive nuclear fallout but also improve health outcomes for cancer patients.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T22:49:51+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T22:50:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Nuclear-Fallout.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"34:T12a8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have developed a treatment that increases the survival rates of mice exposed to acute. This discovery has the potential to make cancer treatment safer and even improve the likelihood of survival in the event of nuclear war.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to SCMP, this new study uncovers that knocking out certain proteins that play an essential role in the body’s immune system, especially to prevent cancer or viruses, could provide significant protection against \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tardigrades-genetic-shield-against-radiation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eradiation damage\u003c/a\u003e and even help improve cancer radiotherapy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-in-cancer-treatments\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure in cancer treatments\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHigh exposure to radiation breaks down the body’s DNA, causing large-scale apoptosis, a widespread cell death that occurs in diseases and during embryonic development.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRadiotherapy, which is meant to remove cancerous tumors, also uses high-energy radiation to damage the DNA of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer cells\u003c/a\u003e, preventing them from dividing and growing. However, it can also affect healthy cells near the tumor, and these cells may experience DNA damage and undergo apoptosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer patients often die from gastrointestinal issues, as radiotherapy can also damage healthy cells in the GI tract. Radiation can also weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-during-a-nuclear-fallout-nbsp\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure during a Nuclear fallout\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDirect radiation exposure in high quantities can occur during a nuclear accident, like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChornobyl\u003c/a\u003e disaster, when large amounts of radioactive material are released into the environment, or in situations like a nuclear explosion, where individuals are directly exposed to a significant dose of radiation in a short period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-radiation-heals-concerete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear radiation\u003c/a\u003e, studies estimate that in case of a nuclear explosion, way more people would be killed by radioactive fallout rather than the actual blast. Physicians also estimate that around \u003ca href=\"https://www.icanw.org/catastrophic_harm#:~:text=Nuclear%20weapons%20are%20the%20most,global%20climate%2C%20causing%20widespread%20famine.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2.4 million people worldwide\u003c/a\u003e will eventually die from cancers due to atmospheric nuclear tests conducted between 1945 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore than half of the victims of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-of-hiroshima-glasses-gives-new-insights-into-nuclear-fallout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHiroshima\u003c/a\u003e and Nagasaki bombings died as a result of the fallout from the blasts. At the same time, many survivors faced leukemia, cancer, or other terrible side effects from the radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Chernobyl accident in 1986 led to about 4,000 deaths, mostly from radiation-related cancers years later, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. For now, there are no preventive measures against such radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA promising breakthrough for protection against radiation injury\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study led by Sun Yirong at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health has demonstrated that turning off the Sting protein (stimulator of interferon genes) can dramatically increase survival rates in mice exposed to radiation—from 11% in normal mice to 67% in Sting-knockout mice. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the journal Cell Death and Differentiation, the study found that normal mice suffered severe abdominal injuries. In contrast, mice lacking Sting exhibited significantly enhanced intestinal resilience, with their villi (tiny, finger-like projections that line the inner surface of the small intestine) density being 2.3 times higher. Moreover, the rate of cell death in these modified mice dropped from 45% to 12% following radiation exposure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSun highlighted the potential of therapies based on this discovery, noting that they could offer robust protection against radiation injury, improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy, and advance overall cancer treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:T668,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-in-cancer-treatments\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure in cancer treatments\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHigh exposure to radiation breaks down the body’s DNA, causing large-scale apoptosis, a widespread cell death that occurs in diseases and during embryonic development.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRadiotherapy, which is meant to remove cancerous tumors, also uses high-energy radiation to damage the DNA of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer cells\u003c/a\u003e, preventing them from dividing and growing. However, it can also affect healthy cells near the tumor, and these cells may experience DNA damage and undergo apoptosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer patients often die from gastrointestinal issues, as radiotherapy can also damage healthy cells in the GI tract. Radiation can also weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-during-a-nuclear-fallout-nbsp\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure during a Nuclear fallout\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDirect radiation exposure in high quantities can occur during a nuclear accident, like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChornobyl\u003c/a\u003e disaster, when large amounts of radioactive material are released into the environment, or in situations like a nuclear explosion, where individuals are directly exposed to a significant dose of radiation in a short period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T6c5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-radiation-heals-concerete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear radiation\u003c/a\u003e, studies estimate that in case of a nuclear explosion, way more people would be killed by radioactive fallout rather than the actual blast. Physicians also estimate that around \u003ca href=\"https://www.icanw.org/catastrophic_harm#:~:text=Nuclear%20weapons%20are%20the%20most,global%20climate%2C%20causing%20widespread%20famine.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2.4 million people worldwide\u003c/a\u003e will eventually die from cancers due to atmospheric nuclear tests conducted between 1945 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore than half of the victims of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-of-hiroshima-glasses-gives-new-insights-into-nuclear-fallout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHiroshima\u003c/a\u003e and Nagasaki bombings died as a result of the fallout from the blasts. At the same time, many survivors faced leukemia, cancer, or other terrible side effects from the radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Chernobyl accident in 1986 led to about 4,000 deaths, mostly from radiation-related cancers years later, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. For now, there are no preventive measures against such radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA promising breakthrough for protection against radiation injury\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study led by Sun Yirong at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health has demonstrated that turning off the Sting protein (stimulator of interferon genes) can dramatically increase survival rates in mice exposed to radiation—from 11% in normal mice to 67% in Sting-knockout mice. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T1d06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st nailable solar shingle offers 23% more power with upgrade\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"GAF Energy’s Timberline Solar ES 2 generates 23% more power than its predecessor and offers better installation efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-nailable-solar-shingle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st nailable solar shingle offers 23% more power with upgrade\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GAF Energy’s Timberline Solar ES 2 generates 23% more power than its predecessor and offers better installation efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-nailable-solar-shingle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T21:58:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T21:59:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/solarshingle.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:Tf1e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA New Jersey-based firm has launched the latest upgrade of the world’s first nailable solar shingle. GAF Energy’s Timberline Solar ES 2 reportedly delivers 23% more power than its predecessor, offering enhanced installation efficiency and expanded design compatibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the company, ES 2 boasts an industry-defying depth of less than a quarter inch and integrates with traditional GAF shingles to create a sleek and attractive look.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, GAF launched the world’s first nailable solar shingle. Solar shingles, or photovoltaic shingles, are solar panels that look and work like traditional roofing materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-power-enhanced-design\"\u003eMore power, enhanced design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s Timberline Solar meets a host of rigorous third-party safety \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photoswitches-improved-energy-storage-efficiency\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estandards\u003c/a\u003e covering both roofing and solar. ES 2 is claimed to deliver more power, superior installation, and enhanced design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Three years ago, we transformed the solar industry with Timberline Solar. Today, we’re raising the bar again,\u0026#8221; said Martin DeBono, President of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gaf.energy/press/gaf-energy-launches-next-generation-of-timberline-solar-energy-shingle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGAF Energy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Timberline Solar ES 2 represents everything we’ve learned about solar roofing, enhanced by extensive feedback from contractors and homeowners. It’s an innovation that delivers a solar shingle that is more powerful, even easier to install, and more versatile than ever before.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-es-2-delivers-57-watts-of-power-per-shingle\"\u003eES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has revealed that the Timberline Solar ES 2 builds on GAF Energy’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-transparent-pv-window\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebreakthrough\u003c/a\u003e approach to solar roofing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle, a 23% increase in energy generation. It also enables superior installation speed and offers more area than a traditional asphalt shingle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 also offers enhanced StrikeZone for improved installation efficiency and is compatible with the complete GAF Timberline shingle collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn November, ES2\u0026#8217;s predecessor was approved for installation by the Sterling Ranch master-planned community. The acceptance suggested that Timberline Solar meets or exceeds the community’s high safety, energy production, and aesthetics standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shingles-can-withstand-winds-up-to-130-mph\"\u003eShingles can withstand winds up to 130 mph\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe availability of Timberline Solar is expected to help Sterling Ranch reach its sustainability targets, including achieving 100% renewable electricity by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company recently completed a 450,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Georgetown, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGAF Energy’s Timberline Solar can help homeowners as they will no longer have to compromise with their looks when adding solar power to their roofs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gaf.energy/timberline-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTimberline Solar\u003c/a\u003e is made up of shingles, not panels or heavy tiles. The company has revealed that these shingles are water-shedding, strong, and warranted to withstand winds up to 130 mph. Rack-mounted solar installations—where the solar is separate from the roof—require drilling dozens of holes into the roof membrane. Roof warranties do not typically cover any resulting damage related to those holes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T40e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-power-generated-at-night-device\"\u003eSolar power generated even at night using breakthrough ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/challenges-of-solar-power\"\u003eInto solar energy's hidden challenges that stop global ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-60-percent-energy-conversion\"\u003ePowerful solar cell with 60% energy conversion potential ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T67d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, GAF launched the world’s first nailable solar shingle. Solar shingles, or photovoltaic shingles, are solar panels that look and work like traditional roofing materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-power-enhanced-design\"\u003eMore power, enhanced design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s Timberline Solar meets a host of rigorous third-party safety \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photoswitches-improved-energy-storage-efficiency\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estandards\u003c/a\u003e covering both roofing and solar. ES 2 is claimed to deliver more power, superior installation, and enhanced design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Three years ago, we transformed the solar industry with Timberline Solar. Today, we’re raising the bar again,\u0026#8221; said Martin DeBono, President of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gaf.energy/press/gaf-energy-launches-next-generation-of-timberline-solar-energy-shingle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGAF Energy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Timberline Solar ES 2 represents everything we’ve learned about solar roofing, enhanced by extensive feedback from contractors and homeowners. It’s an innovation that delivers a solar shingle that is more powerful, even easier to install, and more versatile than ever before.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-es-2-delivers-57-watts-of-power-per-shingle\"\u003eES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has revealed that the Timberline Solar ES 2 builds on GAF Energy’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-transparent-pv-window\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebreakthrough\u003c/a\u003e approach to solar roofing.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T4a8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle, a 23% increase in energy generation. It also enables superior installation speed and offers more area than a traditional asphalt shingle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 also offers enhanced StrikeZone for improved installation efficiency and is compatible with the complete GAF Timberline shingle collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn November, ES2\u0026#8217;s predecessor was approved for installation by the Sterling Ranch master-planned community. The acceptance suggested that Timberline Solar meets or exceeds the community’s high safety, energy production, and aesthetics standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shingles-can-withstand-winds-up-to-130-mph\"\u003eShingles can withstand winds up to 130 mph\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe availability of Timberline Solar is expected to help Sterling Ranch reach its sustainability targets, including achieving 100% renewable electricity by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company recently completed a 450,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Georgetown, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGAF Energy’s Timberline Solar can help homeowners as they will no longer have to compromise with their looks when adding solar power to their roofs.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T40e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-power-generated-at-night-device\"\u003eSolar power generated even at night using breakthrough ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/challenges-of-solar-power\"\u003eInto solar energy's hidden challenges that stop global ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-60-percent-energy-conversion\"\u003ePowerful solar cell with 60% energy conversion potential ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T1d28,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mRNA vaccine could add 10 years to pancreatic cancer patients\u0026#039; lives\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have developed a new mRNA vaccine to treat pancreatic cancer that may extend patients\u0026#039; lifespans by 8 to 10 years.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/vaccine-shows-promise-against-pancreatic-cancer\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New mRNA vaccine could add 10 years to pancreatic cancer patients\u0026#039; lives\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists have developed a new mRNA vaccine to treat pancreatic cancer that may extend patients\u0026#039; lifespans by 8 to 10 years.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/vaccine-shows-promise-against-pancreatic-cancer\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T20:12:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T20:12:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/iStock-1623195368-2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/vaccine-shows-promise-against-pancreatic-cancer#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/vaccine-shows-promise-against-pancreatic-cancer\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"New mRNA vaccine shows promise against pancreatic cancer, may extend life by 10 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T1394,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant development for pancreatic cancer treatment, a phase 1 clinical trial has highlighted the potential of personalized mRNA vaccines to treat the deadly disease.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis research comes at a critical time, as pancreatic cancer is known for its grim prognosis, with less than 13% of patients surviving beyond five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe disease is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of early symptoms and routine screening.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pancreatic-cancer-woes\"\u003ePancreatic cancer woes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer is particularly challenging because around 90% of cases are found when they are already advanced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nature of this cancer often allows it to spread to other parts of the body before it can be effectively treated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are limited in their ability to cure the disease, which has led researchers to seek innovative therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Vinod Balachandran, who leads the Olayan Center for Cancer Vaccines at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, expressed the urgent need for new options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Despite advancements in treatments for other cancers, pancreatic cancer remains largely resistant, with a survival rate that has stagnated around 10% even following the best available therapies,” he noted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the COVID-19 pandemic popularized mRNA technology, researchers already explored its potential for cancer treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach educates the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. The technology is also being tested for other types of cancer, such as melanoma and colorectal cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor an mRNA vaccine to be effective, it must generate a strong response from T cells, a type of immune cell that combats infections and diseases. These T cells must remain active over time to fight cancer cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile training T cells to attack viruses is comparatively straightforward, teaching them to target cells the body has created is considerably more complex.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe challenge is particularly pronounced in pancreatic cancer. For a vaccine to successfully prompt the immune system to identify tumor cells, there \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08508-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emust\u003c/a\u003e be unique targets present on those cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer cells develop from mutations, and these mutations can \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/pancreatic-cancer-dna-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eserve\u003c/a\u003e as targets. However, pancreatic tumors generally have fewer mutations available, leading to skepticism about the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines for this cancer type.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-mrna-vaccine-may-extend-life-by-8-to-10-years\"\u003eNew mRNA vaccine may extend life by 8 to 10 years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recent trial aimed to test this assumption by exploring the efficacy of personalized mRNA vaccines in a group with operable pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was a follow-up study to an initial trial conducted earlier in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhase 1 trials are designed to assess safety and initial effectiveness, and this new study included 16 patients whose tumors could be surgically removed—a rare situation, as only about 20% of pancreatic cancers are operable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to surgical treatment, these participants were given personalized mRNA vaccines tailored to their tumor profiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers monitored the patients for up to four years after tumor removal, assessing the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to stimulate an immune response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResults showed that half of the participants—eight out of 16—responded positively to the vaccine, producing T cells capable of targeting their tumors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe other half did not show any measurable response. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong those who responded, the vaccine appeared to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esignificantly\u003c/a\u003e prolong the lifespan of the T cells, with estimates suggesting they could last nearly eight years in the body and around 20% of these cells may persist and function for decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings indicate that the mRNA vaccine may not only activate an immune response but could potentially enhance the longevity of T cells, crucial for long-term protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/news/can-mrna-vaccines-fight-pancreatic-cancer-msk-clinical-researchers-are-trying-find-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eagainst\u003c/a\u003e cancer recurrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile this study marks a promising step forward in the fight against pancreatic cancer, it remains one of the first stages of research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther trials will be necessary to evaluate mRNA vaccines\u0026#8217; effectiveness and broader applicability in treating this challenging cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T413,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pancreatic-cancer-woes\"\u003ePancreatic cancer woes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer is particularly challenging because around 90% of cases are found when they are already advanced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nature of this cancer often allows it to spread to other parts of the body before it can be effectively treated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are limited in their ability to cure the disease, which has led researchers to seek innovative therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Vinod Balachandran, who leads the Olayan Center for Cancer Vaccines at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, expressed the urgent need for new options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Despite advancements in treatments for other cancers, pancreatic cancer remains largely resistant, with a survival rate that has stagnated around 10% even following the best available therapies,” he noted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the COVID-19 pandemic popularized mRNA technology, researchers already explored its potential for cancer treatment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T502,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach educates the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. The technology is also being tested for other types of cancer, such as melanoma and colorectal cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor an mRNA vaccine to be effective, it must generate a strong response from T cells, a type of immune cell that combats infections and diseases. These T cells must remain active over time to fight cancer cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile training T cells to attack viruses is comparatively straightforward, teaching them to target cells the body has created is considerably more complex.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe challenge is particularly pronounced in pancreatic cancer. For a vaccine to successfully prompt the immune system to identify tumor cells, there \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08508-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emust\u003c/a\u003e be unique targets present on those cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer cells develop from mutations, and these mutations can \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/pancreatic-cancer-dna-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eserve\u003c/a\u003e as targets. However, pancreatic tumors generally have fewer mutations available, leading to skepticism about the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines for this cancer type.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:T43d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-mrna-vaccine-may-extend-life-by-8-to-10-years\"\u003eNew mRNA vaccine may extend life by 8 to 10 years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recent trial aimed to test this assumption by exploring the efficacy of personalized mRNA vaccines in a group with operable pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was a follow-up study to an initial trial conducted earlier in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhase 1 trials are designed to assess safety and initial effectiveness, and this new study included 16 patients whose tumors could be surgically removed—a rare situation, as only about 20% of pancreatic cancers are operable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to surgical treatment, these participants were given personalized mRNA vaccines tailored to their tumor profiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers monitored the patients for up to four years after tumor removal, assessing the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to stimulate an immune response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResults showed that half of the participants—eight out of 16—responded positively to the vaccine, producing T cells capable of targeting their tumors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T474,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe other half did not show any measurable response. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong those who responded, the vaccine appeared to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esignificantly\u003c/a\u003e prolong the lifespan of the T cells, with estimates suggesting they could last nearly eight years in the body and around 20% of these cells may persist and function for decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings indicate that the mRNA vaccine may not only activate an immune response but could potentially enhance the longevity of T cells, crucial for long-term protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/news/can-mrna-vaccines-fight-pancreatic-cancer-msk-clinical-researchers-are-trying-find-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eagainst\u003c/a\u003e cancer recurrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile this study marks a promising step forward in the fight against pancreatic cancer, it remains one of the first stages of research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther trials will be necessary to evaluate mRNA vaccines\u0026#8217; effectiveness and broader applicability in treating this challenging cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T1920,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMicrosoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Microsoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap on Interesting Engineering. 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nickel superconductor works above -387°F\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Superconductors have diverse applications, including MRI machines, maglev trains, power transmission, and fusion reactors.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-nickel-superconductor-works-above-threshold\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:53:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:55:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-9_5c8581.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2nDcoARyAVs\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"251\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:53:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T1508,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003ePhysicists in China report the creation of a new nickel-based high-temperature superconductor at room pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this development comes from researchers at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, China. For this, the team created a nickel oxide thin film.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, this nickel-based superconductor can achieve superconductivity above -233°C (minus 387 Fahrenheit) at \u0026#8220;normal pressure.\u0026#8221; This is a rare achievement, with only cuprates and iron-based materials previously demonstrating this breakthrough.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings pave the way for comprehensive investigations of nickelate superconductors under ambient pressure conditions and for exploring superconductivity at higher transition temperature through strain engineering in heterostructures,” the researchers wrote in the study paper published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-superconductivity-challenge\"\u003eThe superconductivity challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductivity is when a material loses all electrical resistance and expels magnetic fields below a certain temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt occurs when a material is cooled to a critical temperature. Traditionally, this required extremely low temperatures, making it impractical for many applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile many substances exhibit this behavior below -250 degrees Celsius, the real challenge lies in finding materials that can achieve superconductivity at higher temperatures. Those that can maintain this zero-resistance state above -233 degrees Celsius are classified as \u0026#8220;high-temperature\u0026#8221; superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe significance of high-temperature superconductors lies in their ability to be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is far more cost-effective and efficient than the coolants required for standard superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, only copper-based and iron-based materials have achieved high-temperature superconductivity at ambient pressure.\u0026nbsp;Nickel-based materials previously required immense pressure, limiting their study and use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Originally, nickel-based high-temperature superconductivity could only be achieved under extremely high pressure – up to hundreds of thousands of atmospheres, which is basically equivalent to the pressure inside the Earth,” co-corresponding author Chen Zhuoyu told \u003cem\u003eCCTV\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the Superconductor Discovery Could Change Our World Forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2nDcoARyAVs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nickelate-superconductor\"\u003eNickelate superconductor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at SUSTech spent three years developing a unique method to create their nickelate superconductor. This material is composed of nickel, oxygen, and two rare earth metals: lanthanum and praseodymium.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey arranged these elements in a way that achieved \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-magnetic-field\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconductivity\u003c/a\u003e at ambient pressure — a major advancement over previous methods that required extreme pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material transitioned into a superconducting state at about -228 degrees Celsius when formed in thin layers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductors under high pressure has opened a new chapter in high-transition temperature superconductivity,” the study stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our work allows experimental investigations of the superconductivity mechanism with enhanced feasibility,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3299254/chinese-scientists-create-new-superconducting-material-based-nickel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, Professor Xue Qikun outlined the team\u0026#8217;s future research plans. He stated their intention to leverage the \u0026#8220;unique experimental technology\u0026#8221; they had developed to explore a wider range of materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to push the boundaries of superconductivity further, specifically aiming to achieve even higher transition temperatures while maintaining normal, atmospheric pressure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQikun also highlighted that this development represents a \u0026#8220;major innovation\u0026#8221; in China\u0026#8217;s pursuit of independent experimental technology. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductors have diverse \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-what-is-it-and-why-it-matters-to-our-future\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, including MRI machines, maglev trains, power transmission, and fusion reactors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were reported in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08755-z\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T445,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings pave the way for comprehensive investigations of nickelate superconductors under ambient pressure conditions and for exploring superconductivity at higher transition temperature through strain engineering in heterostructures,” the researchers wrote in the study paper published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-superconductivity-challenge\"\u003eThe superconductivity challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductivity is when a material loses all electrical resistance and expels magnetic fields below a certain temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt occurs when a material is cooled to a critical temperature. Traditionally, this required extremely low temperatures, making it impractical for many applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile many substances exhibit this behavior below -250 degrees Celsius, the real challenge lies in finding materials that can achieve superconductivity at higher temperatures. Those that can maintain this zero-resistance state above -233 degrees Celsius are classified as \u0026#8220;high-temperature\u0026#8221; superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T668,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe significance of high-temperature superconductors lies in their ability to be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is far more cost-effective and efficient than the coolants required for standard superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, only copper-based and iron-based materials have achieved high-temperature superconductivity at ambient pressure.\u0026nbsp;Nickel-based materials previously required immense pressure, limiting their study and use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Originally, nickel-based high-temperature superconductivity could only be achieved under extremely high pressure – up to hundreds of thousands of atmospheres, which is basically equivalent to the pressure inside the Earth,” co-corresponding author Chen Zhuoyu told \u003cem\u003eCCTV\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the Superconductor Discovery Could Change Our World Forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2nDcoARyAVs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nickelate-superconductor\"\u003eNickelate superconductor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at SUSTech spent three years developing a unique method to create their nickelate superconductor. This material is composed of nickel, oxygen, and two rare earth metals: lanthanum and praseodymium.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T570,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey arranged these elements in a way that achieved \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-magnetic-field\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconductivity\u003c/a\u003e at ambient pressure — a major advancement over previous methods that required extreme pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material transitioned into a superconducting state at about -228 degrees Celsius when formed in thin layers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductors under high pressure has opened a new chapter in high-transition temperature superconductivity,” the study stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our work allows experimental investigations of the superconductivity mechanism with enhanced feasibility,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3299254/chinese-scientists-create-new-superconducting-material-based-nickel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, Professor Xue Qikun outlined the team\u0026#8217;s future research plans. He stated their intention to leverage the \u0026#8220;unique experimental technology\u0026#8221; they had developed to explore a wider range of materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to push the boundaries of superconductivity further, specifically aiming to achieve even higher transition temperatures while maintaining normal, atmospheric pressure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T1e1a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBio-hybrid drone with silkworm moth tech detects odor from 16 feet away\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers in Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone using silkworm moth antennae for advanced odor sensing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bio-hybrid drone with silkworm moth tech detects odor from 16 feet away\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers in Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone using silkworm moth antennae for advanced odor sensing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:30:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:30:40+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-Photo-68-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fBc1pa_bNmE\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"125\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:30:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T1402,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional drones rely on visual sensors for navigation, but these systems struggle in low light, dusty, or damp environments. This limitation makes it difficult for drones to function effectively in disaster-stricken areas where visibility is compromised. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone that integrates silkworm moth antennae with robotic technology to enhance odor tracking and navigation capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovation leverages biological sensory mechanisms to improve drone performance in various applications, including gas detection, disaster response, and environmental monitoring. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the natural odor-sensing abilities of insects with advanced robotics, the research team aims to address the limitations of conventional drone technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-harnessing-nature-s-precision-for-enhanced-tracking\"\u003eHarnessing nature’s precision for enhanced tracking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnimals, particularly insects like moths, use their sense of smell to locate food, avoid predators, and find mates. Male moths can detect pheromones from several kilometers away using a process called odor-source localization. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural ability, researchers led by Associate Professor Daigo Terutsuki from Shinshu University, along with Associate Professor Toshiyuki Nakata and Chihiro Fukui from Chiba University, developed a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-makes-heavy-lift-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edrone\u003c/a\u003e that mimics this mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our team is continuing to develop bio-hybrid drones that utilize living insect antennae as odor sensor elements. In this research, we strive to incorporate the dynamic movements and mechanisms of living organisms to dramatically enhance the performance of our odor-tracking drones,\u0026#8221; says Terutsuki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s previous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flies-inspire-scent-detecting-drones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebio-hybrid drone\u003c/a\u003e used an electroantennography (EAG) sensor, which measures the electrical signals from insect antennae. While highly sensitive, the initial model had a limited detection range of less than 6.5 feet (2 meters). The researchers improved upon this by refining the design to better replicate insect behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancements-in-odor-detection-technology\"\u003eAdvancements in odor detection technology\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo enhance accuracy, the researchers introduced a \u0026#8220;stepped rotation algorithm\u0026#8221; that mimics the way insects pause while tracking odors. Unlike robotic odor-search models that operate continuously, insects intermittently stop to improve their precision. This biological behavior was incorporated into the drone’s tracking system, significantly improving its effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team also redesigned the electrodes and the EAG sensor to better match the structure of silkworm moth antennae, allowing for more efficient signal detection. Additionally, they implemented a funnel-shaped enclosure to reduce airflow resistance and applied a conductive coating to minimize electrostatic noise interference. These improvements extended the drone’s odor-detection range to approximately 16 feet (5 meters), making it much more effective in real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bio-hybrid drone uses silkworm moth antennae to navigate by smell\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fBc1pa_bNmE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential applications of this \u003ca href=\"https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-bio-hybrid-drone-silkworm-moth.html`\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ebio-hybrid technology\u003c/a\u003e are vast. It could be used for detecting gas leaks in critical infrastructure, identifying hazardous substances such as explosives and drugs in airport security, and even assisting in early fire detection. More importantly, it offers a promising solution for search and rescue missions in disaster zones where conventional visual sensors fail.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The advanced bio-hybrid drone developed in this study has the potential to enable responders to rapidly locate survivors by tracking odors, ultimately saving more lives when every second counts,\u0026#8221; Terutsuki \u003ca href=\"https://www.shinshu-u.ac.jp/english/topics/2025/02/bio-hybrid-drone-use.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44182-025-00020-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Robotics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T5b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovation leverages biological sensory mechanisms to improve drone performance in various applications, including gas detection, disaster response, and environmental monitoring. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the natural odor-sensing abilities of insects with advanced robotics, the research team aims to address the limitations of conventional drone technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-harnessing-nature-s-precision-for-enhanced-tracking\"\u003eHarnessing nature’s precision for enhanced tracking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnimals, particularly insects like moths, use their sense of smell to locate food, avoid predators, and find mates. Male moths can detect pheromones from several kilometers away using a process called odor-source localization. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural ability, researchers led by Associate Professor Daigo Terutsuki from Shinshu University, along with Associate Professor Toshiyuki Nakata and Chihiro Fukui from Chiba University, developed a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-makes-heavy-lift-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edrone\u003c/a\u003e that mimics this mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our team is continuing to develop bio-hybrid drones that utilize living insect antennae as odor sensor elements. In this research, we strive to incorporate the dynamic movements and mechanisms of living organisms to dramatically enhance the performance of our odor-tracking drones,\u0026#8221; says Terutsuki.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T5da,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s previous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flies-inspire-scent-detecting-drones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebio-hybrid drone\u003c/a\u003e used an electroantennography (EAG) sensor, which measures the electrical signals from insect antennae. While highly sensitive, the initial model had a limited detection range of less than 6.5 feet (2 meters). The researchers improved upon this by refining the design to better replicate insect behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancements-in-odor-detection-technology\"\u003eAdvancements in odor detection technology\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo enhance accuracy, the researchers introduced a \u0026#8220;stepped rotation algorithm\u0026#8221; that mimics the way insects pause while tracking odors. Unlike robotic odor-search models that operate continuously, insects intermittently stop to improve their precision. This biological behavior was incorporated into the drone’s tracking system, significantly improving its effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team also redesigned the electrodes and the EAG sensor to better match the structure of silkworm moth antennae, allowing for more efficient signal detection. Additionally, they implemented a funnel-shaped enclosure to reduce airflow resistance and applied a conductive coating to minimize electrostatic noise interference. These improvements extended the drone’s odor-detection range to approximately 16 feet (5 meters), making it much more effective in real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T6b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bio-hybrid drone uses silkworm moth antennae to navigate by smell\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fBc1pa_bNmE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential applications of this \u003ca href=\"https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-bio-hybrid-drone-silkworm-moth.html`\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ebio-hybrid technology\u003c/a\u003e are vast. It could be used for detecting gas leaks in critical infrastructure, identifying hazardous substances such as explosives and drugs in airport security, and even assisting in early fire detection. More importantly, it offers a promising solution for search and rescue missions in disaster zones where conventional visual sensors fail.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The advanced bio-hybrid drone developed in this study has the potential to enable responders to rapidly locate survivors by tracking odors, ultimately saving more lives when every second counts,\u0026#8221; Terutsuki \u003ca href=\"https://www.shinshu-u.ac.jp/english/topics/2025/02/bio-hybrid-drone-use.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44182-025-00020-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Robotics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T1fc9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"New leaf-inspired photothermal actuator enables fast movement and strength, powering versatile robots and advanced smart devices.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New leaf-inspired photothermal actuator enables fast movement and strength, powering versatile robots and advanced smart devices.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:07:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:10:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/acutator-robo.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"1020\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:07:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T185d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a photothermal actuator that combines rapid movement with remarkable load-carrying capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA team from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences created a superstructure liquid metal/low expansion actuator to address the shortcomings of previous designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe unique composition of the innovative actuator enables fast motion and strong load-bearing capabilities. To illustrate its capabilities, the researchers built a photo-activated robotic dog that can stand, swim, jump, and crawl.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also demonstrated applications in single-pole triple-throw switches and high-speed oscillators, highlighting the actuator’s versatility and efficiency. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers claim the advancement marks a significant leap in actuator technology, paving the way for more dynamic and multifunctional robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-leaf-inspired-actuators\"\u003eLeaf-inspired actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trade-off between response speed and load-bearing capacity has long made designing photothermal actuators difficult. While thicker actuators may support greater weight but react more slowly, thinner actuators move more quickly but are weaker.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAsymmetric-expansion \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrovoltaic-cell-electricity-no-sunlight-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ephotothermal\u003c/a\u003e actuators have drawn interest due to its straightforward design, stability, quick reaction time, and accurate control. Their total performance is hampered by their thickness, which limits their speed, deformation ability, and load capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite their prior promise, liquid metal (LM)-based photothermal actuators were unable to overcome this trade-off. Although LM microspheres improved the material\u0026#8217;s thermal characteristics, they did not appreciably boost its strength, which limited the actuators\u0026#8217; capacity to move high loads quickly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg\" alt=\"Superstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins. \" class=\"wp-image-144476\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSuperstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome these limitations, researchers drew inspiration from the microvascular networks in leaves. They used laser etching to create intricate graphene trenches within liquid metal/low expansion polyimide (LM@PI) films, mimicking leaf veins. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was then used to encapsulate these trenches, creating a programmable actuator with a high load-carrying capacity and quick reaction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;The design mimics the structure of leaf veins, which balances the strength and speed of the actuator,\u0026#8221; said LI Xiaofei, a member of the research team, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claim that the leaf vein-inspired structure successfully overcomes the conventional trade-offs by enabling the actuator to move quickly without sacrificing strength or longevity. The novel method not only improves photothermal actuator performance but also opens the door to more adaptable and effective robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-versatile-robotic-actuators\"\u003eVersatile robotic actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe load-carrying strength of thicker materials and the quick reaction of lightweight materials are successfully combined in the novel photothermal actuator design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe performance of the programmable actuators is outstanding. They have a bending angle of 159.05 ± 2.52°, oscillate at 19 Hz, respond at 60.96 ± 3.08°/s, and can handle weights 190 times their weight. According to the team, the innovation successfully addresses the strength versus speed trade-off that has long plagued photothermal actuator designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers created a photo-activated robotic dog that can crawl, jump, swim, and stand to show off the capabilities of these actuators. To demonstrate the adaptability of the actuators, they also created high-speed oscillators and single-pole triple-throw switches. By adding LM microspheres, the actuators become more stable and can last more than 20,800 cycles without breaking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This study provides a novel strategy for the design and fabrication of programmable photothermal actuators and highlights their potential for applications in advanced robotics, which paves the way for their integration into complex environments,\u0026#8221; said the team in the study abstract.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202416991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal Advanced Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T4e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers claim the advancement marks a significant leap in actuator technology, paving the way for more dynamic and multifunctional robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-leaf-inspired-actuators\"\u003eLeaf-inspired actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trade-off between response speed and load-bearing capacity has long made designing photothermal actuators difficult. While thicker actuators may support greater weight but react more slowly, thinner actuators move more quickly but are weaker.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAsymmetric-expansion \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrovoltaic-cell-electricity-no-sunlight-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ephotothermal\u003c/a\u003e actuators have drawn interest due to its straightforward design, stability, quick reaction time, and accurate control. Their total performance is hampered by their thickness, which limits their speed, deformation ability, and load capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite their prior promise, liquid metal (LM)-based photothermal actuators were unable to overcome this trade-off. Although LM microspheres improved the material\u0026#8217;s thermal characteristics, they did not appreciably boost its strength, which limited the actuators\u0026#8217; capacity to move high loads quickly.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T832,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg\" alt=\"Superstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins. \" class=\"wp-image-144476\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSuperstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome these limitations, researchers drew inspiration from the microvascular networks in leaves. They used laser etching to create intricate graphene trenches within liquid metal/low expansion polyimide (LM@PI) films, mimicking leaf veins. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was then used to encapsulate these trenches, creating a programmable actuator with a high load-carrying capacity and quick reaction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;The design mimics the structure of leaf veins, which balances the strength and speed of the actuator,\u0026#8221; said LI Xiaofei, a member of the research team, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claim that the leaf vein-inspired structure successfully overcomes the conventional trade-offs by enabling the actuator to move quickly without sacrificing strength or longevity. The novel method not only improves photothermal actuator performance but also opens the door to more adaptable and effective robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"52:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This study provides a novel strategy for the design and fabrication of programmable photothermal actuators and highlights their potential for applications in advanced robotics, which paves the way for their integration into complex environments,\u0026#8221; said the team in the study abstract.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202416991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal Advanced Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T1e31,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFigure introduces ‘never-seen’ humanoid brain that controls full robot body\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Figure launches Helix, an AI that allows robots to recognize language and reasoning like humans and grasp household objects without training.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Figure introduces ‘never-seen’ humanoid brain that controls full robot body\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Figure launches Helix, an AI that allows robots to recognize language and reasoning like humans and grasp household objects without training.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:45:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T18:46:52+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Canva-Photo-32.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"Figure unveils first-of-its-kind brain for humanoid robots after shunning 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z3yQHYNXPws\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"174\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:45:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T18d6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant move in the AI world, California-based Figure has revealed Helix, a generalist Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model that unifies perception, language understanding, and learned control to overcome multiple longstanding challenges in robotics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrett Adcock, founder of Figure, said that Helix is the most significant AI update in the company\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix thinks like a human… and to bring robots into homes, we need a step change in capabilities. Helix can generalize to virtually any household item,” Adcock said in a social media post.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;ve been working on this project for over a year, aiming to solve general robotics. Like a human, Helix understands speech, reasons through problems, and can grasp any object \u0026#8211; all without needing training or code. In testing, Helix can grab almost any household object,” he added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe launch of Helix follows Figure\u0026#8217;s announcement of its separation from OpenAI in early February.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdcock stated at that time, “Figure has achieved a significant breakthrough in fully end-to-end robot AI, developed entirely in-house. We are excited to reveal something that no one has ever seen before in a humanoid within the next 30 days.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-series-of-the-world-s-first-capabilities\"\u003eA series of the world’s first capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, Helix introduces a novel approach to upper-body manipulation control.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt offers high-rate continuous control of the entire humanoid upper body, which includes the wrists, torso, head, and individual fingers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis level of control allows for more nuanced movements and interactions. Another important aspect of Helix is its capability for multi-robot collaboration.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can operate simultaneously on two robots, enabling them to work together on shared, long-term manipulation tasks involving objects they have not encountered before.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis feature significantly broadens the operational scope of robotics in complex environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, robots equipped with Helix can pick up a wide range of small household items, including many they have yet to encounter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Introducing Helix\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z3yQHYNXPws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ability is facilitated through natural language \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-shuns-openai-brain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eprompts\u003c/a\u003e, enhancing the ease of interaction and usability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix also employs a distinctive approach by utilizing a single set of neural network weights to learn various behaviors, such as picking and placing items, using drawers and refrigerators, and enabling cross-robot interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eliminates the need for task-specific fine-tuning, streamlining the learning process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLastly, Helix operates entirely on embedded low-power GPUs, which makes it suitable for commercial deployment. This feature highlights its practicality for real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-robots-and-helix-integration\"\u003eRobots and Helix integration\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, current robotic systems struggle to adapt quickly to new tasks, often requiring extensive programming or numerous demonstrations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Figure used the capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to enable robots to generalize their behaviors on demand and perform tasks through natural language instructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solution presented is Helix, the model designed for controlling the entire humanoid upper body with high dexterity and speed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix comprises System 1 (S1) and System 2 (S2). S2 is a slower, internet-pre-trained VLM that focuses on scene understanding and language comprehension.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, S1 is a fast visuomotor policy that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003econverts\u003c/a\u003e the information from S2 into real-time robot actions. This division allows each system to operate optimally—S2 for thoughtful processing and S1 for quick execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix addresses several issues previous robotic approaches faced, including balancing speed and generalization, scalability to manage high-dimensional actions, and architectural simplicity using standard models,” according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, separating S1 and S2 enables independent improvements to each system without reliance on a shared observation or action space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA dataset of around 500 hours of teleoperated behaviors was collected to train Helix, utilizing an auto-labeling VLM to generate natural language instructions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe architecture involves a 7B-parameter VLM and an 80M parameter transformer for control, processing visual inputs to enable responsive control based on the latent representations generated by the VLM.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike earlier robot systems, Helix can generate long-horizon, collaborative, dexterous manipulation on the fly without any task-specific demonstrations or extensive manual programming, according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix displays strong object generalization, being able to pick up thousands of novel household items with varying shapes, sizes, colors, and material properties never encountered before in training simply by asking in natural language.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This represents a transformative step forward in how Figure scales humanoid robot behaviors—one that we believe will be pivotal as our robots increasingly assist in everyday home environments,\u0026#8221; Figure \u003ca href=\"https://www.figure.ai/news/helix\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T43a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;ve been working on this project for over a year, aiming to solve general robotics. Like a human, Helix understands speech, reasons through problems, and can grasp any object \u0026#8211; all without needing training or code. In testing, Helix can grab almost any household object,” he added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe launch of Helix follows Figure\u0026#8217;s announcement of its separation from OpenAI in early February.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdcock stated at that time, “Figure has achieved a significant breakthrough in fully end-to-end robot AI, developed entirely in-house. We are excited to reveal something that no one has ever seen before in a humanoid within the next 30 days.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-series-of-the-world-s-first-capabilities\"\u003eA series of the world’s first capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, Helix introduces a novel approach to upper-body manipulation control.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt offers high-rate continuous control of the entire humanoid upper body, which includes the wrists, torso, head, and individual fingers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T656,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis level of control allows for more nuanced movements and interactions. Another important aspect of Helix is its capability for multi-robot collaboration.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can operate simultaneously on two robots, enabling them to work together on shared, long-term manipulation tasks involving objects they have not encountered before.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis feature significantly broadens the operational scope of robotics in complex environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, robots equipped with Helix can pick up a wide range of small household items, including many they have yet to encounter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Introducing Helix\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z3yQHYNXPws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ability is facilitated through natural language \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-shuns-openai-brain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eprompts\u003c/a\u003e, enhancing the ease of interaction and usability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix also employs a distinctive approach by utilizing a single set of neural network weights to learn various behaviors, such as picking and placing items, using drawers and refrigerators, and enabling cross-robot interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T43c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eliminates the need for task-specific fine-tuning, streamlining the learning process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLastly, Helix operates entirely on embedded low-power GPUs, which makes it suitable for commercial deployment. This feature highlights its practicality for real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-robots-and-helix-integration\"\u003eRobots and Helix integration\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, current robotic systems struggle to adapt quickly to new tasks, often requiring extensive programming or numerous demonstrations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Figure used the capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to enable robots to generalize their behaviors on demand and perform tasks through natural language instructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solution presented is Helix, the model designed for controlling the entire humanoid upper body with high dexterity and speed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix comprises System 1 (S1) and System 2 (S2). S2 is a slower, internet-pre-trained VLM that focuses on scene understanding and language comprehension.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T481,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, S1 is a fast visuomotor policy that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003econverts\u003c/a\u003e the information from S2 into real-time robot actions. This division allows each system to operate optimally—S2 for thoughtful processing and S1 for quick execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix addresses several issues previous robotic approaches faced, including balancing speed and generalization, scalability to manage high-dimensional actions, and architectural simplicity using standard models,” according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, separating S1 and S2 enables independent improvements to each system without reliance on a shared observation or action space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA dataset of around 500 hours of teleoperated behaviors was collected to train Helix, utilizing an auto-labeling VLM to generate natural language instructions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe architecture involves a 7B-parameter VLM and an 80M parameter transformer for control, processing visual inputs to enable responsive control based on the latent representations generated by the VLM.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T1cf3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"NASA latest estimates raise the probability asteroid 2024 YR4 will impact Earth in 2032. How will scientists and engineers avert disaster?\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NASA latest estimates raise the probability asteroid 2024 YR4 will impact Earth in 2032. How will scientists and engineers avert disaster?\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T14:47:32+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T09:13:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778\"},\"headline\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-19T14:47:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T09:13:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\"},\"wordCount\":1183,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An artist's impression of an asteroid impacting Earth.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Asteroid 2024 YR4\",\"Space\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Beyond Earth\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"name\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-19T14:47:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T09:13:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"NASA latest estimates raise the probability asteroid 2024 YR4 will impact Earth in 2032. 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While the odds of an Earth impact are low, scientists are still refining the probability estimates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest observation saw NASA raise the probability to 3.1 percent – more than double the original estimate. It is this uncertainty that has captured people\u0026#8217;s attention. How do we calculate these probabilities, and what do we do if we find out 2024 YR4 is headed to Earth? Let\u0026#8217;s take a look.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2024-yr4-revising-the-impact-probability\"\u003e2024 YR4: Revising the impact probability\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn January, NASA reported that the asteroid 2024 YR4 had a 1.2 percent probability of smashing into Earth on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven at 1.2 percent, 2024 YR4 passed the threshold (One percent) that requires an asteroid to be reported to several planetary defense authorities. These include the United Nations\u0026#8217; Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, the UN\u0026#8217;s Office for Outer Space Affairs, and the US Office of Science and Technology Policy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn February 12, the US space agency almost doubled the probability to 2.3 percent. Its latest report today, February 19, states there is a 3.1 percent chance that 2024 YR4 will impact our planet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2014, two UN-endorsed groups have dealt with potentially hazardous space rocks: the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), chaired by NASA, and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG), chaired by the European Space Agency (ESA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth use a network of ground and space observatories to detect and track near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). In March this year, NASA will train its most powerful space observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope, on 2024 YR4. Before it flies out toward Jupiter, where it will be difficult to observe, Webb will study the asteroid’s size, trajectory, and composition. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-best-and-worst-case-scenarios\"\u003eThe best and worst-case scenarios\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe worst-case scenario is that 2024 YR4 will impact a city on Earth. In \u003ca href=\"https://tribune.com.pk/story/2529543/nasa-asteroid-2024-yr4-impact-risk-rises-to-31-potential-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ean interview\u003c/a\u003e with the \u003cem\u003eExpress Tribune\u003c/em\u003e, Richard Moissl, head of ESA’s planetary defense office, said, “[2024 YR4] is not the dinosaur killer. This is not a planet killer. This is, at most, dangerous for a city.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say it wouldn’t unleash devastating destruction if it were to impact a city. The estimated impact corridor for 2024 YR4 could see it hit South America, Africa, the Middle East, or South Asia. This area includes some of the world’s most populated cities, including Bogotá, Lagos, and Mumbai.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate 2024 YR4 to be between 130 and 300 feet (40–90 meters) wide. The asteroid could enter our atmosphere at speeds of approximately 64,370 km/h (40,000 mph). Its impact force would be approximately eight megatons of TNT, which is more than 500 times the power of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSurprisingly, the best-case scenario isn’t for 2024 YR4 to fly harmlessly past Earth. Instead, it would be best if 2024 YR4 impacted the Moon. Scientists have estimated a very small 0.3 percent probability that this could happen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf 2024 YR4 flew near Earth, it would continue its trajectory around the Sun and could impact Earth in the future. If the asteroid impacted the Moon, it would no longer be a concern. What\u0026#8217;s more, a predicted impact of the lunar asteroid would be a great opportunity for the scientific community. It would allow unprecedented observations of a large asteroid impact close to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-we-defend-earth-from-2024-yr4\"\u003eHow do we defend Earth from 2024 YR4?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe scientific community has prepared for scenarios like this in many ways. NASA\u0026#8217;s DART mission is the scientific community\u0026#8217;s most high-profile, real-world preparation. In 2022, the space agency flew a spacecraft 11 million kilometers (6.8 million miles) to the Didymos twin asteroid system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it reached its destination, NASA purposefully slammed the DART spacecraft into Didymos. It was the first kinetic impact test in history. In October of that year, the US space agency announced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-confirms-dart-test-was-successful\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emission was a success\u003c/a\u003e. The spacecraft significantly altered its target\u0026#8217;s motion in space, meaning we have a working method for planetary defense.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" alt=\"\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn artist\u0026#8217;s render of NASA\u0026#8217;s DART approaching its target. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, in collaboration with NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched its Hera mission to evaluate the DART impact zone further. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an October 2024 \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/dart-asteroid-hera-earth-planetary-defense\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einterview with IE\u003c/a\u003e, Hera mission principal investigator Patrick Michel said “Hera is a sort of detective that goes to the impact scene and investigates what happened and why. Thanks to this knowledge as well as code validations, we can then transpose and extrapolate to other scenarios.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf follow-up observations show we need to deflect 2024 YR4, the kinetic impact method demonstrated by DART will likely be the defense measure employed. China also has an asteroid redirection mission in the works, which is set to fly in 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-simulating-asteroid-impacts\"\u003eSimulating asteroid impacts\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile NASA\u0026#8217;s DART is the most ambitious and successful planetary defense test, the scientific community\u0026#8217;s preparations for an asteroid impact scenario go far beyond DART.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the US \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/nuclear-device-defend-planet-asteroids\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimulated a nuclear strike\u003c/a\u003e on an incoming asteroid. Their tests showed that a nuclear device could be used to avert or destroy an asteroid into smaller pieces that would break apart in our atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, a group of 100 scientists worked on a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-planetary-defense-global-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehypothetical scenario\u003c/a\u003e: They pretended they had never observed the asteroid Apophis. This allowed them to simulate a real scenario where the asteroid was detected only months before flying near Earth. Such scenarios help the scientific community know how to act in the event of a newly discovered hazardous space rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, detection plays a key role in defending our planet. The sooner an asteroid is deflected the further its new trajectory will take it away from Earth. Thankfully, in the case of 2024 YR4, the potential impact scenario won’t occur until 2032. This allows time for further observations. It would also allow preparation time for any deflection mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-at-risk-from-other-asteroids\"\u003eAre we at risk from other asteroids?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fear of asteroid impacts is comparable to the fear of flying. Though the probability of anything happening is exceedingly small, the vivid thought of such a catastrophic event can lead to irrational fears.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn truth, the probability that a large asteroid will impact Earth within our lifetimes is very small. Space debris burns up in our atmosphere every day. Any space rock with a diameter of roughly 33 feet (10 meters), will break apart in Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTaking 2024 YR4 out of the equation, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA estimates\u003c/a\u003e the probability of a \u0026#8216;city killer\u0026#8217; impacting Earth as 0.1 percent every year. If one strikes Earth, there is a 70 percent chance it will land in the ocean and a 25 percent chance it will land over a relatively unpopulated area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2024 YR4 is a rare case, but it will most likely fly harmlessly past Earth. Of course, NASA, ESA, and China will continue to observe the asteroid and revise their estimates. If the probability of its hitting Earth continues to rise, we may be set for the first non-test asteroid deflection mission in history.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest observation saw NASA raise the probability to 3.1 percent – more than double the original estimate. It is this uncertainty that has captured people\u0026#8217;s attention. How do we calculate these probabilities, and what do we do if we find out 2024 YR4 is headed to Earth? Let\u0026#8217;s take a look.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2024-yr4-revising-the-impact-probability\"\u003e2024 YR4: Revising the impact probability\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn January, NASA reported that the asteroid 2024 YR4 had a 1.2 percent probability of smashing into Earth on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven at 1.2 percent, 2024 YR4 passed the threshold (One percent) that requires an asteroid to be reported to several planetary defense authorities. These include the United Nations\u0026#8217; Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, the UN\u0026#8217;s Office for Outer Space Affairs, and the US Office of Science and Technology Policy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn February 12, the US space agency almost doubled the probability to 2.3 percent. Its latest report today, February 19, states there is a 3.1 percent chance that 2024 YR4 will impact our planet.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T4d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2014, two UN-endorsed groups have dealt with potentially hazardous space rocks: the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), chaired by NASA, and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG), chaired by the European Space Agency (ESA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth use a network of ground and space observatories to detect and track near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). In March this year, NASA will train its most powerful space observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope, on 2024 YR4. Before it flies out toward Jupiter, where it will be difficult to observe, Webb will study the asteroid’s size, trajectory, and composition. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-best-and-worst-case-scenarios\"\u003eThe best and worst-case scenarios\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe worst-case scenario is that 2024 YR4 will impact a city on Earth. In \u003ca href=\"https://tribune.com.pk/story/2529543/nasa-asteroid-2024-yr4-impact-risk-rises-to-31-potential-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ean interview\u003c/a\u003e with the \u003cem\u003eExpress Tribune\u003c/em\u003e, Richard Moissl, head of ESA’s planetary defense office, said, “[2024 YR4] is not the dinosaur killer. This is not a planet killer. This is, at most, dangerous for a city.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T500,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say it wouldn’t unleash devastating destruction if it were to impact a city. The estimated impact corridor for 2024 YR4 could see it hit South America, Africa, the Middle East, or South Asia. This area includes some of the world’s most populated cities, including Bogotá, Lagos, and Mumbai.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate 2024 YR4 to be between 130 and 300 feet (40–90 meters) wide. The asteroid could enter our atmosphere at speeds of approximately 64,370 km/h (40,000 mph). Its impact force would be approximately eight megatons of TNT, which is more than 500 times the power of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSurprisingly, the best-case scenario isn’t for 2024 YR4 to fly harmlessly past Earth. Instead, it would be best if 2024 YR4 impacted the Moon. Scientists have estimated a very small 0.3 percent probability that this could happen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf 2024 YR4 flew near Earth, it would continue its trajectory around the Sun and could impact Earth in the future. If the asteroid impacted the Moon, it would no longer be a concern. What\u0026#8217;s more, a predicted impact of the lunar asteroid would be a great opportunity for the scientific community. It would allow unprecedented observations of a large asteroid impact close to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T78a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-we-defend-earth-from-2024-yr4\"\u003eHow do we defend Earth from 2024 YR4?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe scientific community has prepared for scenarios like this in many ways. NASA\u0026#8217;s DART mission is the scientific community\u0026#8217;s most high-profile, real-world preparation. In 2022, the space agency flew a spacecraft 11 million kilometers (6.8 million miles) to the Didymos twin asteroid system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it reached its destination, NASA purposefully slammed the DART spacecraft into Didymos. It was the first kinetic impact test in history. In October of that year, the US space agency announced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-confirms-dart-test-was-successful\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emission was a success\u003c/a\u003e. The spacecraft significantly altered its target\u0026#8217;s motion in space, meaning we have a working method for planetary defense.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" alt=\"\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn artist\u0026#8217;s render of NASA\u0026#8217;s DART approaching its target. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, in collaboration with NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched its Hera mission to evaluate the DART impact zone further. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an October 2024 \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/dart-asteroid-hera-earth-planetary-defense\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einterview with IE\u003c/a\u003e, Hera mission principal investigator Patrick Michel said “Hera is a sort of detective that goes to the impact scene and investigates what happened and why. Thanks to this knowledge as well as code validations, we can then transpose and extrapolate to other scenarios.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T5b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf follow-up observations show we need to deflect 2024 YR4, the kinetic impact method demonstrated by DART will likely be the defense measure employed. China also has an asteroid redirection mission in the works, which is set to fly in 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-simulating-asteroid-impacts\"\u003eSimulating asteroid impacts\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile NASA\u0026#8217;s DART is the most ambitious and successful planetary defense test, the scientific community\u0026#8217;s preparations for an asteroid impact scenario go far beyond DART.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the US \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/nuclear-device-defend-planet-asteroids\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimulated a nuclear strike\u003c/a\u003e on an incoming asteroid. Their tests showed that a nuclear device could be used to avert or destroy an asteroid into smaller pieces that would break apart in our atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, a group of 100 scientists worked on a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-planetary-defense-global-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehypothetical scenario\u003c/a\u003e: They pretended they had never observed the asteroid Apophis. This allowed them to simulate a real scenario where the asteroid was detected only months before flying near Earth. Such scenarios help the scientific community know how to act in the event of a newly discovered hazardous space rock.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T59e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, detection plays a key role in defending our planet. The sooner an asteroid is deflected the further its new trajectory will take it away from Earth. Thankfully, in the case of 2024 YR4, the potential impact scenario won’t occur until 2032. This allows time for further observations. It would also allow preparation time for any deflection mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-at-risk-from-other-asteroids\"\u003eAre we at risk from other asteroids?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fear of asteroid impacts is comparable to the fear of flying. Though the probability of anything happening is exceedingly small, the vivid thought of such a catastrophic event can lead to irrational fears.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn truth, the probability that a large asteroid will impact Earth within our lifetimes is very small. Space debris burns up in our atmosphere every day. Any space rock with a diameter of roughly 33 feet (10 meters), will break apart in Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTaking 2024 YR4 out of the equation, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA estimates\u003c/a\u003e the probability of a \u0026#8216;city killer\u0026#8217; impacting Earth as 0.1 percent every year. If one strikes Earth, there is a 70 percent chance it will land in the ocean and a 25 percent chance it will land over a relatively unpopulated area.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T1dca,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2024 YR4 ‘city-killer’ asteroid\u0026#039;s Earth collision risk jumps to 3.1%\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2024 YR4 ‘city-killer’ asteroid\u0026#039;s Earth collision risk jumps to 3.1%\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T08:54:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T08:54:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-4_e419d2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"372\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-19T08:54:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T1477,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed 2024 YR4, this asteroid is estimated to be around 177 feet (54 meters) in diameter – about the size of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. Starting at 1.2% on February 7th, the likelihood rose to 2.3%, then 2.6%, and now stands at 3.1%. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the increased impact probability, there\u0026#8217;s still a 96.9% chance asteroid will miss Earth.\u0026nbsp;And as scientists gather more data, that probability is likely to decrease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-asteroid-s-risk-corridor\"\u003eAsteroid\u0026#8217;s risk corridor \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hazardous asteroid was first spotted in December 2024 by telescopes in Rio Hurtado, Chile, under the ATLAS project.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough not an extinction-level threat like the one faced by dinosaurs, it\u0026#8217;s large enough \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eto cause widespread devastation across a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecity likely\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential impact zone stretches across a vast area from the Pacific Ocean eastward through South America, the Atlantic, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWorryingly, this path intersects some of the most populous cities, such as Bogotá, Abidjan, Lagos, Khartoum, Mumbai, and Dhaka. This means it could be a potential threat to over \u003ca href=\"https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/2016127/nasa-asteroid-hit-earth-blast-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e100 million people\u003c/a\u003e residing in these regions. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, its potential impact would release approximately 8 megatons of energy, over 500 times the energy of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the asteroid is unlikely to hit Earth, it currently poses the greatest impact threat. As per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/space/asteroids/chance-of-city-killer-asteroid-2024-yr4-smashing-into-earth-rises-yet-again-to-3-1-percent-nasa-reports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLive Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, there’s also a small chance (0.3%) that it could hit the moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-james-webb-to-target-asteroid\"\u003eJames Webb to target asteroid \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e previously reported 2024 YR4 has a Torino Scale rating of 3, which suggests it requires extensive monitoring due to its greater than 1% chance of impacting the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s planetary defense blog identifies YR4 as the only known large asteroid with a probability of Earth impact exceeding 1%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther study of its trajectory is expected to reduce the impact probability to 0%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA precise understanding of the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit and size is essential to determine the actual danger it presents. The current estimates based on reflected light are not dependable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the James Webb Space Telescope will observe the asteroid and provide more precise data on its size and trajectory.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a race against time. Astronomers need to gather as much information as possible about the asteroid now because it will soon become too faint to observe with current telescopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-two-phases-observation\"\u003eTwo phases observation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEuropean Space Agency blog earlier revealed that the asteroid will be observed in two phases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first, in early March, when it\u0026#8217;s at its brightest, will be followed by a second round of observations in May.\u0026nbsp; The latter observations will help to refine its orbital calculations until it becomes visible again in 2028.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to NASA\u0026#8217;s Center of NEO Studies (CNEOS), this killer asteroid could pass relatively close to Earth on December 22, 2032, within 66,000 miles (106,200 kilometers).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOngoing observations and analysis will improve the understanding of the risk in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA has demonstrated the potential of the DART mission as a means of defense should the asteroid pose a more immediate threat to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T605,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the increased impact probability, there\u0026#8217;s still a 96.9% chance asteroid will miss Earth.\u0026nbsp;And as scientists gather more data, that probability is likely to decrease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-asteroid-s-risk-corridor\"\u003eAsteroid\u0026#8217;s risk corridor \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hazardous asteroid was first spotted in December 2024 by telescopes in Rio Hurtado, Chile, under the ATLAS project.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough not an extinction-level threat like the one faced by dinosaurs, it\u0026#8217;s large enough \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eto cause widespread devastation across a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecity likely\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential impact zone stretches across a vast area from the Pacific Ocean eastward through South America, the Atlantic, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWorryingly, this path intersects some of the most populous cities, such as Bogotá, Abidjan, Lagos, Khartoum, Mumbai, and Dhaka. This means it could be a potential threat to over \u003ca href=\"https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/2016127/nasa-asteroid-hit-earth-blast-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e100 million people\u003c/a\u003e residing in these regions. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T7ce,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, its potential impact would release approximately 8 megatons of energy, over 500 times the energy of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the asteroid is unlikely to hit Earth, it currently poses the greatest impact threat. As per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/space/asteroids/chance-of-city-killer-asteroid-2024-yr4-smashing-into-earth-rises-yet-again-to-3-1-percent-nasa-reports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLive Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, there’s also a small chance (0.3%) that it could hit the moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-james-webb-to-target-asteroid\"\u003eJames Webb to target asteroid \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e previously reported 2024 YR4 has a Torino Scale rating of 3, which suggests it requires extensive monitoring due to its greater than 1% chance of impacting the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s planetary defense blog identifies YR4 as the only known large asteroid with a probability of Earth impact exceeding 1%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther study of its trajectory is expected to reduce the impact probability to 0%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA precise understanding of the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit and size is essential to determine the actual danger it presents. The current estimates based on reflected light are not dependable.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T442,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the James Webb Space Telescope will observe the asteroid and provide more precise data on its size and trajectory.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a race against time. Astronomers need to gather as much information as possible about the asteroid now because it will soon become too faint to observe with current telescopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-two-phases-observation\"\u003eTwo phases observation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEuropean Space Agency blog earlier revealed that the asteroid will be observed in two phases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first, in early March, when it\u0026#8217;s at its brightest, will be followed by a second round of observations in May.\u0026nbsp; The latter observations will help to refine its orbital calculations until it becomes visible again in 2028.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to NASA\u0026#8217;s Center of NEO Studies (CNEOS), this killer asteroid could pass relatively close to Earth on December 22, 2032, within 66,000 miles (106,200 kilometers).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOngoing observations and analysis will improve the understanding of the risk in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T1f3a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEuropean Space Agency clears world’s first ‘parastronaut’ for mission\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#039;s \u0026quot;Fly!\u0026quot; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an astronaut with a disability to the ISS.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"European Space Agency clears world’s first ‘parastronaut’ for mission\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#039;s \u0026quot;Fly!\u0026quot; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an astronaut with a disability to the ISS.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T12:31:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T12:31:48+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-2_171c25.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\"},\"wordCount\":596,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-2_171c25.jpg\",\"caption\":\"John McFall inside a mockup of Europe’s Columbus laboratory for the International Space Station. 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At 19, a motorcycle accident led to the loss of his right leg. But he didn\u0026#8217;t let it hold him back.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe returned to running, becoming a successful Paralympic sprinter, winning bronze at the 2008 Beijing Games. He then transitioned to a career as an orthopedic surgeon. Now, he\u0026#8217;s adding \u0026#8220;astronaut\u0026#8221; to his incredible list of achievements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s (ESA) first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One of the roles of an astronaut is to do important science in microgravity whilst working in space and it’s really my hope that if I get the chance to fly we realize what we do in space, the things we learn, the problems we solve, the technology that we develop has a trickle-down effect and benefits people here on earth in wider society,” said McFall.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-esa-s-fly-study\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;s Fly study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8220;Fly!\u0026#8221; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eastronaut with a disability \u003c/a\u003eto the ISS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study explores five main domains of the process: medical, training, crew support, spacecraft operations, and ISS operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall completed a rigorous medical evaluation, demonstrating his ability to perform all necessary mission tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study completed in late 2024 has shown that a person with a physical disability can travel to the ISS for a six-month mission as a full astronaut. The next step is the \u0026#8220;Fly! Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚴‍♂️💫 Cycling into the future of spaceflight!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs part of ESA’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Fly?src=hash\u0026amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e#Fly\u003c/a\u003e! initiative, member of the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esa?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e@esa\u003c/a\u003e astronaut reserve John McFall put his prosthesis to the test—cycling 🚲 in a -6° head-down position 🔄 to study how fluid shifts in microgravity might affect the fit.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e🌍🚀 Find… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NWfQ5qigdk\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NWfQ5qigdk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Human Spaceflight (@esaspaceflight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esaspaceflight/status/1885223120711409797?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJanuary 31, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s great that we can say after a huge amount of work in the last 18 months that we have demonstrated that it’s technically possible for someone with a disability like mine to fly on a long duration mission,” McFall said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“And now we’re progressing to the next phase and what we want to do is realise that opportunity to fly, so moving forward, we’re moving into the Mission Ready phase,” he added in the UK space agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-astronaut-with-a-disability-cleared-for-space-station-mission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026#8220;Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase will focus on hardware certification, identifying potential ISS science experiments, and, most importantly, obtaining medical certification for a long-duration mission. This phase is crucial for making a potential flight a reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Do Astronauts Eat and Drink in Space?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/8R7cOlSkay0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-he-is-awaiting-iss-mission-assignment\"\u003eHe is awaiting ISS mission assignment \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall from Cardiff is a father of three. There\u0026#8217;s no set date for McFall\u0026#8217;s ISS mission; he\u0026#8217;s now in the queue for a mission assignment, like all astronauts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis achievement marks a significant moment in human spaceflight history. It demonstrates that space is for everyone, regardless of physical limitations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“John is today certified as an astronaut who can fly on a long-duration mission on the International Space Station, and I think this is an incredible step ahead in our ambition to broaden the access to society to space,” Daniel Neuenschwander, ESA’s director of human and robotic exploration, told the press.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;\u003c/a\u003es commitment to inclusion shines brightly, contrasting with recent moves in the US, where Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives face challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T472,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s (ESA) first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One of the roles of an astronaut is to do important science in microgravity whilst working in space and it’s really my hope that if I get the chance to fly we realize what we do in space, the things we learn, the problems we solve, the technology that we develop has a trickle-down effect and benefits people here on earth in wider society,” said McFall.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-esa-s-fly-study\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;s Fly study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8220;Fly!\u0026#8221; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eastronaut with a disability \u003c/a\u003eto the ISS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study explores five main domains of the process: medical, training, crew support, spacecraft operations, and ISS operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall completed a rigorous medical evaluation, demonstrating his ability to perform all necessary mission tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T70f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study completed in late 2024 has shown that a person with a physical disability can travel to the ISS for a six-month mission as a full astronaut. The next step is the \u0026#8220;Fly! Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚴‍♂️💫 Cycling into the future of spaceflight!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs part of ESA’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Fly?src=hash\u0026amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e#Fly\u003c/a\u003e! initiative, member of the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esa?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e@esa\u003c/a\u003e astronaut reserve John McFall put his prosthesis to the test—cycling 🚲 in a -6° head-down position 🔄 to study how fluid shifts in microgravity might affect the fit.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e🌍🚀 Find… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NWfQ5qigdk\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NWfQ5qigdk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Human Spaceflight (@esaspaceflight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esaspaceflight/status/1885223120711409797?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJanuary 31, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s great that we can say after a huge amount of work in the last 18 months that we have demonstrated that it’s technically possible for someone with a disability like mine to fly on a long duration mission,” McFall said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“And now we’re progressing to the next phase and what we want to do is realise that opportunity to fly, so moving forward, we’re moving into the Mission Ready phase,” he added in the UK space agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-astronaut-with-a-disability-cleared-for-space-station-mission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T661,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026#8220;Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase will focus on hardware certification, identifying potential ISS science experiments, and, most importantly, obtaining medical certification for a long-duration mission. This phase is crucial for making a potential flight a reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Do Astronauts Eat and Drink in Space?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/8R7cOlSkay0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-he-is-awaiting-iss-mission-assignment\"\u003eHe is awaiting ISS mission assignment \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall from Cardiff is a father of three. There\u0026#8217;s no set date for McFall\u0026#8217;s ISS mission; he\u0026#8217;s now in the queue for a mission assignment, like all astronauts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis achievement marks a significant moment in human spaceflight history. It demonstrates that space is for everyone, regardless of physical limitations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“John is today certified as an astronaut who can fly on a long-duration mission on the International Space Station, and I think this is an incredible step ahead in our ambition to broaden the access to society to space,” Daniel Neuenschwander, ESA’s director of human and robotic exploration, told the press.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T1f06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:19:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T1cca,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSodium battery that can outperform lithium achieves theoretical limits\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a sodium-ion battery with a TAQ cathode, offering comparable performance to lithium-ion batteries.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sodium battery that can outperform lithium achieves theoretical limits\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a sodium-ion battery with a TAQ cathode, offering comparable performance to lithium-ion batteries.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:43:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:43:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1c3ba13ba504d78a3c896651fc6291c6\"},\"headline\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\"},\"wordCount\":574,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"caption\":\"The battery material shows strong performance in both energy and power delivery. (Representational image)\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Lithium batteries\",\"sodium batteries\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"name\":\"Sodium battery that can outperform lithium achieves theoretical limits\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Researchers have developed a sodium-ion battery with a TAQ cathode, offering comparable performance to lithium-ion batteries.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"The battery material shows strong performance in both energy and power delivery. (Representational image)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"contact@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T1302,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Dincă Group from Princeton University have developed a sodium-ion battery that utilizes a new organic cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), which has shown remarkable energy performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The battery can store the same amount of energy within a much shorter charging time, or can store much more energy within the same charging time,” said Tianyang Chen, Dincă Group Ph.D. and first author on the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovative technology has significant implications for various applications, including electric vehicles, data centers, and renewable energy systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-limitations-of-current-batteries\"\u003eAddressing limitations of current batteries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis development addresses limitations associated with current energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries, while widely used, rely on lithium, a resource with limited availability and complex supply chains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogel-electrolyte-aqueous-batteries\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSodium-ion batteries\u003c/a\u003e, on the other hand, offer a more sustainable and affordable solution. Sodium is abundant and widely available, reducing reliance on scarce resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy utilizing sodium-ion technology, the negative environmental impact of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenergy storage\u003c/a\u003e can be mitigated, and a more stable supply chain can be ensured. However, they also suffer from several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“While scientists have made some progress with sodium-ion batteries, hurdles arise largely because of their low energy density: they have shorter battery-run times relative to their size,” added the researchers in a press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis limitation has hindered their widespread adoption in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Energy density is something on a lot of people’s minds because you can equate it with how much juice you get in a battery. The more energy density you have, the farther your car goes before you have to recharge it,” remarked Mircea Dincă, the Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eTAQ cathode material could be a solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Dincă Group\u0026#8217;s new cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), addresses these limitations. TAQ exhibits exceptional performance in both energy and power density, which could even surpass traditional lithium-ion cathodes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough enables sodium-ion batteries to compete with lithium-ion batteries in terms of performance and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior research by the group explored TAQ\u0026#8217;s use in lithium-ion batteries. This investigation revealed specific properties of TAQ, including insolubility and conductivity.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese properties are relevant to the material\u0026#8217;s performance within a battery. Insolubility contributes to the stability of the cathode, preventing its breakdown during battery operation. Conductivity facilitates electron flow, a critical process for energy storage and release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings prompted further study of TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential in sodium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructing a sodium-ion battery with TAQ required design modifications. The transition from lithium-ion to sodium-ion technology involves distinct engineering considerations.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers spent a year adapting existing methods to accommodate the specific requirements of sodium-ion chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003ePerformance metrics and potential\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe resulting battery demonstrated performance close to its theoretical maximum capacity. This suggests TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential for practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The binder we chose, carbon nanotubes, facilitates the mixing of TAQ crystallites and carbon black particles, leading to a homogeneous electrode,” explained Chen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis optimized structure allows for nearly 100% utilization of the active material, pushing the battery\u0026#8217;s performance close to its theoretical limits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the new battery showed impressive performance metrics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 355 mAh/g per formula unit, enabled by a four-electron redox process, and achieves an electrode-level energy density of 606 Wh/kg (90 wt % active material) along with excellent cycling stability,” concluded \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.4c17713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe study\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese figures underscore the potential of this technology to compete with and eventually surpass existing lithium-ion batteries in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T56f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovative technology has significant implications for various applications, including electric vehicles, data centers, and renewable energy systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-limitations-of-current-batteries\"\u003eAddressing limitations of current batteries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis development addresses limitations associated with current energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries, while widely used, rely on lithium, a resource with limited availability and complex supply chains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogel-electrolyte-aqueous-batteries\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSodium-ion batteries\u003c/a\u003e, on the other hand, offer a more sustainable and affordable solution. Sodium is abundant and widely available, reducing reliance on scarce resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy utilizing sodium-ion technology, the negative environmental impact of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenergy storage\u003c/a\u003e can be mitigated, and a more stable supply chain can be ensured. However, they also suffer from several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“While scientists have made some progress with sodium-ion batteries, hurdles arise largely because of their low energy density: they have shorter battery-run times relative to their size,” added the researchers in a press release.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T423,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis limitation has hindered their widespread adoption in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Energy density is something on a lot of people’s minds because you can equate it with how much juice you get in a battery. The more energy density you have, the farther your car goes before you have to recharge it,” remarked Mircea Dincă, the Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eTAQ cathode material could be a solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Dincă Group\u0026#8217;s new cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), addresses these limitations. TAQ exhibits exceptional performance in both energy and power density, which could even surpass traditional lithium-ion cathodes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough enables sodium-ion batteries to compete with lithium-ion batteries in terms of performance and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior research by the group explored TAQ\u0026#8217;s use in lithium-ion batteries. This investigation revealed specific properties of TAQ, including insolubility and conductivity.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T471,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese properties are relevant to the material\u0026#8217;s performance within a battery. Insolubility contributes to the stability of the cathode, preventing its breakdown during battery operation. Conductivity facilitates electron flow, a critical process for energy storage and release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings prompted further study of TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential in sodium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructing a sodium-ion battery with TAQ required design modifications. The transition from lithium-ion to sodium-ion technology involves distinct engineering considerations.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers spent a year adapting existing methods to accommodate the specific requirements of sodium-ion chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003ePerformance metrics and potential\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe resulting battery demonstrated performance close to its theoretical maximum capacity. This suggests TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential for practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The binder we chose, carbon nanotubes, facilitates the mixing of TAQ crystallites and carbon black particles, leading to a homogeneous electrode,” explained Chen.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T1e14,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBallbots\u0026#039; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new controller\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers developed a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots to offer lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ballbots\u0026#039; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new controller\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers developed a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots to offer lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:27:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:28:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ballbots.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; 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mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"contact@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T1142,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have come up with a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots, a unique kind of robot that has great mobility and possesses the ability to go in all directions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe team led by researchers from Hanoi University of Industry, Vietnam, introduced a novel adaptive nonlinear PID (NPID) controller integrated with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for ballbots, offering lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers revealed that the initial settings of the proposed controller are selected through balancing composite motion optimization, and the adaptive control law is improved continuously during operation to handle the real-time estimation of the external force.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ballbots-with-advanced-controller-can-be-used-as-assistive-robots\"\u003eBallbots with advanced controller can be used as assistive robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Ballbots with this advanced controller can be used as assistive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e for tasks requiring high mobility and precision. For instance, they can assist individuals with mobility challenges in navigating complex environments,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Dr. Van-Truong Nguyen of Hanoi University of Industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;In addition, they can be used as service robots in dynamic settings such as restaurants, hospitals, or airports, offering smooth navigation.” Further, he adds, “The robust self-balancing capabilities can be applied to delivery robots that need to operate efficiently despite unpredictable forces like wind or uneven terrain.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-research-addresses-challenges-in-controlling-nonlinear-and-dynamic-settings\"\u003eResearch addresses challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic settings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers\u0026#8217; work addresses significant challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-with-human-level-intelligence-possible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esettings\u003c/a\u003e, focusing on reliability for broader adoption in industries requiring autonomous mobility solutions. By minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption, promoting sustainable robotics. This, in turn, enhances the reliability of ballbots, making them safer and viable for use in public and private spaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Overall, industries such as logistics, healthcare, and retail could benefit from robots equipped with our technology, improving efficiency and service quality while reducing human workload,” added Dr. Nguyen. Let us hope for future advancements in this research, enabling efficient use of robots in the real world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098624003008?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Direct\u003c/a\u003e, the hybrid NPID-RBFNN controller offers a light-weight computation and chattering while providing high robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erevealed\u003c/a\u003e that it provides excellent features to control ballbots against counterpart approaches such as the conventional PID and conventional NPID, which preserve low robustness against disturbances, and sliding mode control (SMC), which provides higher chattering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, the ballbot systems pose unique challenges, particularly in the form of the difficulty of maintaining balance and stability in dynamic and uncertain environments. Traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers struggle with these challenges, and other advanced methods, like sliding mode control, introduce issues like chattering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo, there was a need to develop a controller that combines the simplicity and adaptability of PID with the learning capabilities of the now-popular neural networks, providing a robust solution to real-world robotic mobility problems.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T402,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-mimic-ronaldo-lebron-james\"\u003eHumanoid robot executes Ronaldo's spin, Kobe's ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/watch-se01-humanoid-robot-walk\"\u003eChina's humanoid robot stuns experts with 'unreal' human- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\"\u003eBYD's China factory employs Walker S1 humanoid robot ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T557,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers revealed that the initial settings of the proposed controller are selected through balancing composite motion optimization, and the adaptive control law is improved continuously during operation to handle the real-time estimation of the external force.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ballbots-with-advanced-controller-can-be-used-as-assistive-robots\"\u003eBallbots with advanced controller can be used as assistive robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Ballbots with this advanced controller can be used as assistive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e for tasks requiring high mobility and precision. For instance, they can assist individuals with mobility challenges in navigating complex environments,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Dr. Van-Truong Nguyen of Hanoi University of Industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;In addition, they can be used as service robots in dynamic settings such as restaurants, hospitals, or airports, offering smooth navigation.” Further, he adds, “The robust self-balancing capabilities can be applied to delivery robots that need to operate efficiently despite unpredictable forces like wind or uneven terrain.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T77a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-research-addresses-challenges-in-controlling-nonlinear-and-dynamic-settings\"\u003eResearch addresses challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic settings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers\u0026#8217; work addresses significant challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-with-human-level-intelligence-possible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esettings\u003c/a\u003e, focusing on reliability for broader adoption in industries requiring autonomous mobility solutions. By minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption, promoting sustainable robotics. This, in turn, enhances the reliability of ballbots, making them safer and viable for use in public and private spaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Overall, industries such as logistics, healthcare, and retail could benefit from robots equipped with our technology, improving efficiency and service quality while reducing human workload,” added Dr. Nguyen. Let us hope for future advancements in this research, enabling efficient use of robots in the real world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098624003008?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Direct\u003c/a\u003e, the hybrid NPID-RBFNN controller offers a light-weight computation and chattering while providing high robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erevealed\u003c/a\u003e that it provides excellent features to control ballbots against counterpart approaches such as the conventional PID and conventional NPID, which preserve low robustness against disturbances, and sliding mode control (SMC), which provides higher chattering.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T402,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-mimic-ronaldo-lebron-james\"\u003eHumanoid robot executes Ronaldo's spin, Kobe's ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/watch-se01-humanoid-robot-walk\"\u003eChina's humanoid robot stuns experts with 'unreal' human- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\"\u003eBYD's China factory employs Walker S1 humanoid robot ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T202e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWatch creepy humanoid robot twitch and move with human-like skeleton\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Poland\u0026#039;s Clone Robotics reveals Protoclone V1, a lifelike android with 200+ degrees of 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property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:38:51+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:38:59+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T135559.582.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" 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unease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm claims its Protclone V1 is the world’s first bipedal, musculoskeletal android. Clone’s Myofiber technology uses artificial muscles to move the skeleton by attaching them to precise bone points, like animals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December, Clone entered the competitive humanoid robotics market with its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/clone-alpha-humanoid-robot-unveiled-poland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edebut\u003c/a\u003e of Clone Alpha, its first full-scale humanoid robot. Earlier, the firm also unveiled a humanoid torso capable of human-like movements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-instagram wp-block-embed-instagram\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003cblockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned data-instgrm-permalink=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:500px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:16px;\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" display: flex; 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font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\"\u003eView this post on Instagram\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: auto;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cp style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eA post shared by Clone (@clonerobotics)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.instagram.com/en_US/embeds.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-biomimetic-robotics\"\u003eBiomimetic robotics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a 40-second video posted on social media, the Protoclone is shown suspended in a workshop, performing dynamic movements with its face hidden behind a black, reflective mask. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Protoclone prototype currently uses pneumatics but will switch to hydraulic systems as development advances. Unlike other humanoid robots, it features synthetic systems replicating human skeletal, muscular, vascular, and nervous structures. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics claims it is the first bipedal, musculoskeletal android, though the University of Tokyo’s JSK Lab introduced a similar humanoid, Kengoro, in 2017. However, Kengoro was designed as a research tool, while Clone Robotics aims for commercial applications, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/clone-robotics-unveils-synthetic-human-prototype-sparking-awe-and-unease/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDimsum Daily\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone specializes in biomimetic robotics, whereas others like Tesla create bots for domestic chores. It was established in 2021 to emulate the strength and agility of biological creatures, addressing the difficult task of human body mimicry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Clone Alpha Teaser\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/C6u08rIa8o4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company began by building a robotic hand that mimicked human function using artificial bones and muscles. Its thumb can easily catch a ball and rotate. Building on this, the team created a humanoid torso with realistic shoulder joints, a cervical spine, and a moving elbow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone originally imitated human anatomy before enabling natural motion using artificial muscles, as opposed to creating movements around its robotic structure. The outcome is remarkably lifelike—almost uncanny in how much it resembles the human body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics has advanced its humanoid design to achieve natural walking by replacing rigid actuators with soft, water-powered artificial muscles. This shift enhances human-like movement, showcasing the company\u0026#8217;s growing expertise in robotics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realistic-android-motion\"\u003eRealistic android motion\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone is advancing humanoid robotics with its Myofiber artificial muscle technology, designed to animate a full skeleton by attaching musculotendon units at anatomically accurate points. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese monolithic units eliminate tendon failures and replicate mammalian skeletal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-engineers-flexure-robotic-muscle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emuscles\u003c/a\u003e, achieving response times under 50ms, over 30 percent unloaded contraction, and at least 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of contraction force for a 3-gram muscle fiber. According to Clone Robotics, Myofiber is unmatched in power, speed, and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Torso by Clone | Bimanual Android with Artificial Muscles\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/5mSE6Tkhy4g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Alpha \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eandroid\u003c/a\u003e’s skeleton closely mirrors human anatomy, featuring all 206 bones with minor fusions, fully articulated joints, and artificial ligaments. Precise ligament and tendon placement enables 164 degrees of freedom in the upper torso, including 20 in the shoulder, 6 per vertebra in the spine, and 26 across the hand, wrist, and elbow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts nervous system allows real-time muscle control using proprioceptive and visual feedback. The system includes 4 depth cameras, 70 inertial sensors, and 320 pressure sensors, connected to microcontrollers that transmit data to an NVIDIA Jetson Thor GPU running Clone’s Cybernet model. A 500-watt electric pump powers the vascular system, delivering hydraulic pressure efficiently with Aquajet valve technology, ensuring lifelike motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T2173,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December, Clone entered the competitive humanoid robotics market with its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/clone-alpha-humanoid-robot-unveiled-poland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edebut\u003c/a\u003e of Clone Alpha, its first full-scale humanoid robot. Earlier, the firm also unveiled a humanoid torso capable of human-like movements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-instagram wp-block-embed-instagram\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003cblockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned data-instgrm-permalink=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:500px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:16px;\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" display: flex; 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font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\"\u003eView this post on Instagram\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: auto;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cp style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eA post shared by Clone (@clonerobotics)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.instagram.com/en_US/embeds.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-biomimetic-robotics\"\u003eBiomimetic robotics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a 40-second video posted on social media, the Protoclone is shown suspended in a workshop, performing dynamic movements with its face hidden behind a black, reflective mask. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Protoclone prototype currently uses pneumatics but will switch to hydraulic systems as development advances. Unlike other humanoid robots, it features synthetic systems replicating human skeletal, muscular, vascular, and nervous structures. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics claims it is the first bipedal, musculoskeletal android, though the University of Tokyo’s JSK Lab introduced a similar humanoid, Kengoro, in 2017. However, Kengoro was designed as a research tool, while Clone Robotics aims for commercial applications, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/clone-robotics-unveils-synthetic-human-prototype-sparking-awe-and-unease/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDimsum Daily\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T634,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone specializes in biomimetic robotics, whereas others like Tesla create bots for domestic chores. It was established in 2021 to emulate the strength and agility of biological creatures, addressing the difficult task of human body mimicry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Clone Alpha Teaser\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/C6u08rIa8o4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company began by building a robotic hand that mimicked human function using artificial bones and muscles. Its thumb can easily catch a ball and rotate. Building on this, the team created a humanoid torso with realistic shoulder joints, a cervical spine, and a moving elbow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone originally imitated human anatomy before enabling natural motion using artificial muscles, as opposed to creating movements around its robotic structure. The outcome is remarkably lifelike—almost uncanny in how much it resembles the human body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics has advanced its humanoid design to achieve natural walking by replacing rigid actuators with soft, water-powered artificial muscles. This shift enhances human-like movement, showcasing the company\u0026#8217;s growing expertise in robotics.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T717,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realistic-android-motion\"\u003eRealistic android motion\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone is advancing humanoid robotics with its Myofiber artificial muscle technology, designed to animate a full skeleton by attaching musculotendon units at anatomically accurate points. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese monolithic units eliminate tendon failures and replicate mammalian skeletal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-engineers-flexure-robotic-muscle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emuscles\u003c/a\u003e, achieving response times under 50ms, over 30 percent unloaded contraction, and at least 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of contraction force for a 3-gram muscle fiber. According to Clone Robotics, Myofiber is unmatched in power, speed, and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Torso by Clone | Bimanual Android with Artificial Muscles\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/5mSE6Tkhy4g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Alpha \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eandroid\u003c/a\u003e’s skeleton closely mirrors human anatomy, featuring all 206 bones with minor fusions, fully articulated joints, and artificial ligaments. Precise ligament and tendon placement enables 164 degrees of freedom in the upper torso, including 20 in the shoulder, 6 per vertebra in the spine, and 26 across the hand, wrist, and elbow.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T1e4e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS firm plans next-gen shipyard to build new unmanned military vessels\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Saronic Technologies plans to build Port Alpha, a manufacturing plant for large and medium autonomous surface vehicles, that can help the U.S. meet its military needs.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/saronic-next-gen-shipyard-port-alpha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US firm plans next-gen shipyard to build new unmanned military vessels\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Saronic Technologies plans to build Port Alpha, a manufacturing plant for large and medium autonomous surface vehicles, that can help the U.S. meet its military needs.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/saronic-next-gen-shipyard-port-alpha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:35:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:35:40+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/shipyard.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T15c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eAn Austin-based firm is planning to develop a next-generation shipyard capable of delivering new classes of unmanned ships at the speed and scale needed to protect and defend the maritime domain. Saronic Technologies\u0026#8217; plan to build Port Alpha got a push with recent funding of $600 million.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Series C funding round is expected to advance the company\u0026#8217;s mission of redefining maritime superiority for the United States and its allies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company claims that the Port Alpha, a manufacturing plant for large and medium uncrewed surface vehicles, will enable the expansion of Saronic’s Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) fleet into medium and large-class autonomous ships for defense applications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-to-strengthen-country-s-defense\"\u003eSaronic to strengthen country\u0026#8217;s defense\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this move, Saronic believes that it\u0026#8217;s addressing gaps in U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/alive-autonomous-vessel-war-zones-self-navigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshipbuilding\u003c/a\u003e capacity and investing in the critical infrastructure to deliver the range and volume of autonomous ships needed to create and sustain the U.S. military’s hybrid fleet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;A core principle of Saronic is that we design our vessels for autonomy from the keel up. We will take the same approach with Port Alpha, designing a shipyard from the ground up to produce at a speed and scale not seen since World War II,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/saronic-technologies/saronic-raises-600m-series-c-to-take-on-autonomous-shipbuilding-2fdf02800306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Saronic CEO\u003c/a\u003e and Co-Founder Dino Mavrookas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-port-alpha-will-reflect-the-apex-of-america-s-shipbuilding\"\u003ePort Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe feels that the Port Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding past — generating new opportunities for the country’s shipbuilding workforce, forging public-private partnerships to accelerate growth, and bringing innovation and ingenuity to an essential industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We will bring these elements together with a single goal: to rapidly build a fleet of autonomous vessels in America that redefine \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-navys-largest-autonomous-surface-ship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emaritime\u003c/a\u003e superiority and guarantees freedom of the seas for generations to come,\u0026#8221; added Mavrookas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company also highlighted that the U.S. Navy declared the need for a hybrid fleet — one that integrates a significant number of unmanned systems operating alongside manned platforms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transformation-in-how-advanced-companies-approach-shipbuilding\"\u003eTransformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAchieving this will require a transformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding and a dedicated focus on scaling the production of advanced technologies and autonomous systems that can extend the operational reach of the fleet, deter conflict, protect sailors and assets, and be quickly produced at a fraction of the cost, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.saronic.com/newsroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSaronic\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent funding round, which was led by Elad Gil and values the company at $4 billion, is expected to help the company achieve its mission. This most recent round quadrupled Saronic’s valuation just seven months after the company hit unicorn status in July 2024. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The last years have seen a degradation in the capacity for the United States to build ships and to manufacture core needs of the country. I am excited to back Saronic and its focus on revitalizing shipbuilding in America, while also building products to defend those interests,” said Elad Gil, CEO, Gil Capital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-invested-heavily-in-manufacturing-capabilities-for-its-small-asvs\"\u003eSaronic invested heavily in manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSaronic revealed that it invested heavily in developing and expanding its manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs (Autonomous Surface Vehicles) over the past two years. Port Alpha will build on that foundation and deliver an advanced waterside facility designed from the ground up around a first-principles approach to shipbuilding, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis approach will focus on eliminating inefficiencies, optimizing workflows, and creating a production system that maximizes quality, scalability, and speed. Saronic will leverage the processes and best practices that have revolutionized commercial manufacturing industries to redefine how ships are built in the autonomy era, as per a press release.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;As a founder of Palantir and Addepar, and an investor in every funding round at Anduril, I’ve seen many exceptional companies and intense cultures,\u0026#8221; said Joe Lonsdale, Founder and Managing Partner, 8VC.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Saronic goes toe to toe with any of these legendary companies on its exceptional talent, intensity of effort, and mission-driven passion. We are proud to have supported Dino from day 1. Saronic is one of the most important, and most impressive companies in the USA. It is critical to our national security, and to the future of the free world.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T40a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/worlds-first-autonomous-cargo-ship\"\u003eArtificial intelligence powered an autonomous cargo ship ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-liquid-hydrogen-autonomous-ship\"\u003eA hydrogen-powered autonomous ship could help ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/world-1st-autonomous-electric-ferry\"\u003eWorld-1st autonomous electric ferry aces 373-mile remote ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T819,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-to-strengthen-country-s-defense\"\u003eSaronic to strengthen country\u0026#8217;s defense\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this move, Saronic believes that it\u0026#8217;s addressing gaps in U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/alive-autonomous-vessel-war-zones-self-navigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshipbuilding\u003c/a\u003e capacity and investing in the critical infrastructure to deliver the range and volume of autonomous ships needed to create and sustain the U.S. military’s hybrid fleet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;A core principle of Saronic is that we design our vessels for autonomy from the keel up. We will take the same approach with Port Alpha, designing a shipyard from the ground up to produce at a speed and scale not seen since World War II,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/saronic-technologies/saronic-raises-600m-series-c-to-take-on-autonomous-shipbuilding-2fdf02800306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Saronic CEO\u003c/a\u003e and Co-Founder Dino Mavrookas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-port-alpha-will-reflect-the-apex-of-america-s-shipbuilding\"\u003ePort Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe feels that the Port Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding past — generating new opportunities for the country’s shipbuilding workforce, forging public-private partnerships to accelerate growth, and bringing innovation and ingenuity to an essential industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We will bring these elements together with a single goal: to rapidly build a fleet of autonomous vessels in America that redefine \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-navys-largest-autonomous-surface-ship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emaritime\u003c/a\u003e superiority and guarantees freedom of the seas for generations to come,\u0026#8221; added Mavrookas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company also highlighted that the U.S. Navy declared the need for a hybrid fleet — one that integrates a significant number of unmanned systems operating alongside manned platforms.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T4dd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transformation-in-how-advanced-companies-approach-shipbuilding\"\u003eTransformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAchieving this will require a transformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding and a dedicated focus on scaling the production of advanced technologies and autonomous systems that can extend the operational reach of the fleet, deter conflict, protect sailors and assets, and be quickly produced at a fraction of the cost, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.saronic.com/newsroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSaronic\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent funding round, which was led by Elad Gil and values the company at $4 billion, is expected to help the company achieve its mission. This most recent round quadrupled Saronic’s valuation just seven months after the company hit unicorn status in July 2024. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The last years have seen a degradation in the capacity for the United States to build ships and to manufacture core needs of the country. I am excited to back Saronic and its focus on revitalizing shipbuilding in America, while also building products to defend those interests,” said Elad Gil, CEO, Gil Capital.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T5f0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-invested-heavily-in-manufacturing-capabilities-for-its-small-asvs\"\u003eSaronic invested heavily in manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSaronic revealed that it invested heavily in developing and expanding its manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs (Autonomous Surface Vehicles) over the past two years. Port Alpha will build on that foundation and deliver an advanced waterside facility designed from the ground up around a first-principles approach to shipbuilding, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis approach will focus on eliminating inefficiencies, optimizing workflows, and creating a production system that maximizes quality, scalability, and speed. Saronic will leverage the processes and best practices that have revolutionized commercial manufacturing industries to redefine how ships are built in the autonomy era, as per a press release.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;As a founder of Palantir and Addepar, and an investor in every funding round at Anduril, I’ve seen many exceptional companies and intense cultures,\u0026#8221; said Joe Lonsdale, Founder and Managing Partner, 8VC.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Saronic goes toe to toe with any of these legendary companies on its exceptional talent, intensity of effort, and mission-driven passion. We are proud to have supported Dino from day 1. Saronic is one of the most important, and most impressive companies in the USA. It is critical to our national security, and to the future of the free world.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T40a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/worlds-first-autonomous-cargo-ship\"\u003eArtificial intelligence powered an autonomous cargo ship ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-liquid-hydrogen-autonomous-ship\"\u003eA hydrogen-powered autonomous ship could help ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/world-1st-autonomous-electric-ferry\"\u003eWorld-1st autonomous electric ferry aces 373-mile remote ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kB4YJJRH7OU\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"114\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-08T15:34:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T2bda,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eSo many missions have flown to the Moon in recent months that it’s hard to keep up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFirefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost was one of two lunar landers blasted toward the lunar surface by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on January 15.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRoughly a week after launch, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-2025-space-missions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBlue Ghost\u003c/a\u003e fired its thrusters to propel itself out of Earth’s orbit and make its way to the moon. It will arrive in just over a month. Once there, it will release a host of different payloads, which will serve different purposes and constitute different missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these, NASA’s LISTER, is set to have a long-lasting impact on the future of space exploration. It will collect data on the moon’s internal heat flow, a key indicator of the satellite’s stability and a window into its ancient past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis insight could inform the future of spaceflight by providing key data for habitability on the moon and beyond. At the same, it could teach us a great deal about the formation of the moon, which remains a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e, Mike Selby, lunar payloads manager at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, observed that LISTER could have a lasting legacy. \u0026#8220;Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system,\u0026#8221; he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-measuring-the-moon-s-internal-heat-flow\"\u003eMeasuring the moon\u0026#8217;s internal heat flow\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a lot we don’t know about our celestial neighbor. According \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasa-payload-aims-to-probe-moons-depths-to-study-heat-flow/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto NASA\u003c/a\u003e, humans have physically explored only 5% of the lunar surface. It wasn’t until 2023 that scientists conclusively determined the moon has a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWe also simply don’t know how it formed. The moon is estimated to have emerged a hundred million years after our solar system. One theory suggests that, billions of years ago, Earth may have been hit by an object the size of Mars called Theia. A massive chunk of Earth would have broken off. As with any large mass in the cosmos, gravity will have turned it into the massive sphere we see today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/formation-of-moon-5-theories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eseveral theories\u003c/a\u003e on the origin of the moon and none of these are conclusively proven.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139609\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png 2048w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s LISTER instrument before it was stored in Blue Ghost. Source: \u003ca href=\"http://Firefly Aerospace\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s LISTER, which stands for Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, was jointly developed by Texas Tech University in Lubbock and Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, California. It is one of ten NASA payloads flying to the moon as part of NASA’s latest CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument will collect data that could shed light on the moon’s ancient past. It may even help scientists determine how it came to exist. “It is important to study the moon’s internal heat flow in order to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the moon,” Selby explained. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-uncovering-the-moon-s-thermal-evolution\"\u003eUncovering the moon\u0026#8217;s thermal evolution\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLISTER will use a state-of-the-art pneumatic drill to dig three meters below the lunar surface. Every half-meter, the drill will pause and extend a custom-built thermal probe into the lunar soil, or regolith.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing this method, NASA will measure two different aspects of the moon’s heat flow. It will look at the thermal gradient, which refers to changes in temperature at various depths. Separately, it will measure thermal conductivity, which shows how much heat passes through the subsurface’s material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy taking these measurements at various locations, scientists will be able to piece together a comprehensive view of the moon’s thermal evolution. “In other words,” as Selby put it, “it will help better inform us how our nearest neighbor in the solar system was formed.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“LISTER’s technology will be used in other regions of the lunar surface too,” he continued. “The next iteration of LISTER will be part of a payload suite on a later CLPS delivery to Schrodinger Basin, which is near the lunar south pole on the far side of the moon. It is important to make these measurements at multiple locations in order to best reconstruct the moon’s thermal evolution.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lister-s-innovative-pneumatic-drill\"\u003eLISTER\u0026#8217;s innovative pneumatic drill\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlue Ghost and LISTER are set to land in the moon’s Mare Crisium region, on the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The landing will take place on March 2. Before it arrives, NASA will have performed three transit health checks on LISTER to make sure the instrument is in working order.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Two LISTER transit health checks have been performed so far, and LISTER was shown to be operating nominally,\u0026#8221; said Selby. “One additional transit health check for LISTER will be performed prior to landing on the moon.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139613\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eImage of Earth captured by Blue Ghost as it carried LISTER and other payloads toward the Moon. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Firefly_Space/status/1882807516859670858/photo/1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace / X\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce on the lunar surface, further checks will take place before LISTER deploys its pneumatic drill. The device will use compressed gas instead of a traditional drill auger to drill into the lunar regolith in half-meter increments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In using compressed gas instead of a conventional auger, LISTER’s advanced pneumatic drill will reach depths using much less power and energy than more traditional methods that have been previously used,” Selby noted. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEssentially, if LISTER is successful, it could help future missions by providing a great amount of data on other solar systems. With its data potentially having a crucial bearing on future lunar colonies, the technology could also play an important role in the colonization of Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-establishing-human-presence-on-the-moon\"\u003eEstablishing human presence on the moon\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, humans must first establish a permanent presence on the moon, which is the goal of NASA\u0026#8217;s Artemis program. With Artemis III, NASA aims to land the first astronauts on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. If the mission is a success, the space agency will then look toward building lunar bases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[LISTER’s] data is important for the future of NASA’s Artemis campaign as a pathfinder to demonstrate capabilities before we send humans to the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; added Selby. “Once proven as part of the CLPS initiative, versions of these instruments could perhaps be flown as part of future human missions to the moon.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA CLPS Payload Aims to Probe the Moon\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kB4YJJRH7OU?start=19\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, data could determine the safety of future lunar crews. Last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad1332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epaper\u003c/a\u003e highlighted that the lunar south pole’s surface might not be as stable as once thought. It emphasized the fact that the moon is very \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-moon-is-shrinking-could-it-pose-problems-for-future-astronauts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egradually shrinking\u003c/a\u003e. This causes surface warping, which makes certain regions particularly prone to landslides.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s important to better understand the lunar south pole, as scientists believe it stores vast amounts of ice water in its shadowed craters. The goal is to harvest this water to enable future lunar habitation. As such, Artemis III will be the first mission in history to land humans at the lunar south pole. Their goal will be to conduct science to better understand the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Data such as internal heat flow is important when it comes to future lunar habitation because it allows us to learn more about the composition of the lunar subsurface,\u0026#8221; said Selby. \u0026#8220;From there, we can learn even more about potential lunar resources and find the safest ways to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; he concluded. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T581,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of these, NASA’s LISTER, is set to have a long-lasting impact on the future of space exploration. It will collect data on the moon’s internal heat flow, a key indicator of the satellite’s stability and a window into its ancient past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis insight could inform the future of spaceflight by providing key data for habitability on the moon and beyond. At the same, it could teach us a great deal about the formation of the moon, which remains a mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e, Mike Selby, lunar payloads manager at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, observed that LISTER could have a lasting legacy. \u0026#8220;Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system,\u0026#8221; he said.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-measuring-the-moon-s-internal-heat-flow\"\u003eMeasuring the moon\u0026#8217;s internal heat flow\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a lot we don’t know about our celestial neighbor. According \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasa-payload-aims-to-probe-moons-depths-to-study-heat-flow/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto NASA\u003c/a\u003e, humans have physically explored only 5% of the lunar surface. It wasn’t until 2023 that scientists conclusively determined the moon has a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T91c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWe also simply don’t know how it formed. The moon is estimated to have emerged a hundred million years after our solar system. One theory suggests that, billions of years ago, Earth may have been hit by an object the size of Mars called Theia. A massive chunk of Earth would have broken off. As with any large mass in the cosmos, gravity will have turned it into the massive sphere we see today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/formation-of-moon-5-theories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eseveral theories\u003c/a\u003e on the origin of the moon and none of these are conclusively proven.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139609\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png 2048w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_2695a5.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s LISTER instrument before it was stored in Blue Ghost. Source: \u003ca href=\"http://Firefly Aerospace\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s LISTER, which stands for Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity, was jointly developed by Texas Tech University in Lubbock and Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, California. It is one of ten NASA payloads flying to the moon as part of NASA’s latest CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument will collect data that could shed light on the moon’s ancient past. It may even help scientists determine how it came to exist. “It is important to study the moon’s internal heat flow in order to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the moon,” Selby explained. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T564,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-uncovering-the-moon-s-thermal-evolution\"\u003eUncovering the moon\u0026#8217;s thermal evolution\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLISTER will use a state-of-the-art pneumatic drill to dig three meters below the lunar surface. Every half-meter, the drill will pause and extend a custom-built thermal probe into the lunar soil, or regolith.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing this method, NASA will measure two different aspects of the moon’s heat flow. It will look at the thermal gradient, which refers to changes in temperature at various depths. Separately, it will measure thermal conductivity, which shows how much heat passes through the subsurface’s material.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy taking these measurements at various locations, scientists will be able to piece together a comprehensive view of the moon’s thermal evolution. “In other words,” as Selby put it, “it will help better inform us how our nearest neighbor in the solar system was formed.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“LISTER’s technology will be used in other regions of the lunar surface too,” he continued. “The next iteration of LISTER will be part of a payload suite on a later CLPS delivery to Schrodinger Basin, which is near the lunar south pole on the far side of the moon. It is important to make these measurements at multiple locations in order to best reconstruct the moon’s thermal evolution.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T954,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lister-s-innovative-pneumatic-drill\"\u003eLISTER\u0026#8217;s innovative pneumatic drill\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBlue Ghost and LISTER are set to land in the moon’s Mare Crisium region, on the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The landing will take place on March 2. Before it arrives, NASA will have performed three transit health checks on LISTER to make sure the instrument is in working order.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Two LISTER transit health checks have been performed so far, and LISTER was shown to be operating nominally,\u0026#8221; said Selby. “One additional transit health check for LISTER will be performed prior to landing on the moon.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?w=1440\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-139613\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=300,225 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=768,576 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1440,1080 1440w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/image_6fcc99.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eImage of Earth captured by Blue Ghost as it carried LISTER and other payloads toward the Moon. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Firefly_Space/status/1882807516859670858/photo/1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace / X\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce on the lunar surface, further checks will take place before LISTER deploys its pneumatic drill. The device will use compressed gas instead of a traditional drill auger to drill into the lunar regolith in half-meter increments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In using compressed gas instead of a conventional auger, LISTER’s advanced pneumatic drill will reach depths using much less power and energy than more traditional methods that have been previously used,” Selby noted. “Proving this technology on the moon will allow it to be used on missions traveling to other parts of the solar system.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T437,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEssentially, if LISTER is successful, it could help future missions by providing a great amount of data on other solar systems. With its data potentially having a crucial bearing on future lunar colonies, the technology could also play an important role in the colonization of Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-establishing-human-presence-on-the-moon\"\u003eEstablishing human presence on the moon\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough, humans must first establish a permanent presence on the moon, which is the goal of NASA\u0026#8217;s Artemis program. With Artemis III, NASA aims to land the first astronauts on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. If the mission is a success, the space agency will then look toward building lunar bases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“[LISTER’s] data is important for the future of NASA’s Artemis campaign as a pathfinder to demonstrate capabilities before we send humans to the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; added Selby. “Once proven as part of the CLPS initiative, versions of these instruments could perhaps be flown as part of future human missions to the moon.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T7ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA CLPS Payload Aims to Probe the Moon\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kB4YJJRH7OU?start=19\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, data could determine the safety of future lunar crews. Last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad1332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epaper\u003c/a\u003e highlighted that the lunar south pole’s surface might not be as stable as once thought. It emphasized the fact that the moon is very \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-moon-is-shrinking-could-it-pose-problems-for-future-astronauts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egradually shrinking\u003c/a\u003e. This causes surface warping, which makes certain regions particularly prone to landslides.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s important to better understand the lunar south pole, as scientists believe it stores vast amounts of ice water in its shadowed craters. The goal is to harvest this water to enable future lunar habitation. As such, Artemis III will be the first mission in history to land humans at the lunar south pole. Their goal will be to conduct science to better understand the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Data such as internal heat flow is important when it comes to future lunar habitation because it allows us to learn more about the composition of the lunar subsurface,\u0026#8221; said Selby. \u0026#8220;From there, we can learn even more about potential lunar resources and find the safest ways to establish a long-term presence on the lunar surface,\u0026#8221; he concluded. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:T1c14,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eElon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for democracy,’ touting cuts to US spending\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Elon Musk waved a chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Milei at the CPAC, symbolizing government spending cuts.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for democracy,’ touting cuts to US spending\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Elon Musk waved a chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Milei at the CPAC, symbolizing government spending cuts.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-21T06:05:37+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-21T09:54:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-Photo-69-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T1d8e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eDuring his appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, D.C., Elon Musk wielded an ornate, shiny chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Javier Milei. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe chainsaw, a well-known emblem of Milei’s aggressive fiscal policies, served as a symbolic statement reinforcing support for significant government spending reductions in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWearing a black \u0026#8220;Make America Great Again\u0026#8221; hat, he addressed a gathering of Republican supporters, tying the chainsaw’s imagery to broader themes of economic efficiency and limited government intervention. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA video of him enthusiastically waving the chainsaw at the event while the crowd erupted in cheers quickly spread across social media. In the footage, Musk could be heard declaring, \u0026#8220;Chainsaw for bureaucracy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe tech mogul\u0026#8217;s stance aligned with President Donald Trump’s newly established Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), an initiative designed to streamline federal expenditures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-musk-s-political-realignment-and-media-criticism\"\u003eMusk’s political realignment and media criticism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with television host Rob Schmitt, Musk elaborated on his evolving political ideology, acknowledging a shift from a previously neutral stance to a strong alignment with the Republican Party. He cited concerns over the trajectory of national governance as a key driver for this transition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I thought we were sort of heading to a point of no return, really,\u0026#8221; the tech mogul \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/elon-musk-wields-chainsaw-conservative-gathering-gift-argentinas-milei-2025-02-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;And so that\u0026#8217;s why it was so essential that President Trump won the election and that there be a Republican majority in the House and Senate, which thanks to you has been accomplished.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚨 LMAO! Elon Musk just paraded around the stage at CPAC with a chainsaw given to him by Javier Milei 🤣\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026quot;THIS IS THE CHAINSAW FOR BUREAUCRACY!\u0026quot; 🔥 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NcL2f22xjO\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NcL2f22xjO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Nick Sortor (@nicksortor) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nicksortor/status/1892701721958273351?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 20, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReaffirming his core beliefs, Musk further emphasized the importance of restoring foundational national values. \u0026#8220;We need to restore the fundamental elements of what made America great, which is freedom and opportunity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also criticized legacy media, arguing that mainstream news organizations perpetuate ideological homogeneity and function as an \u0026#8220;echo chamber.\u0026#8221; He called for the defunding of these media entities and reiterated that his acquisition of the social media platform X was a strategic effort to safeguard free expression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-doge-s-fiscal-strategy-and-calls-for-greater-transparency\"\u003eDOGE’s fiscal strategy and calls for greater transparency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk underscored the objectives of the Department of Government Efficiency, an advisory body created by Trump via executive order to reduce federal expenditures by nearly $2 trillion. While not an officially recognized government agency, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-not-doge-boss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e operates within federal departments, deploying dedicated personnel to evaluate and recommend budgetary reductions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe contended that the program’s cost-cutting measures are crucial for preserving entitlement programs such as Medicare and Social Security. \u0026#8220;Recent \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-shadow-government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e cuts will help the federal government save Medicare and Social Security,\u0026#8221; Musk claimed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🇺🇸ELON: DOGE WILL SAVE MEDICARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The actions that we\u0026#039;re taking [with DOGE] with the support of the President and the support of the agencies are what will save Medicare, what will save Social Security\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecause if the country goes insolvent—if all the money is… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/sUgVuWYbhz\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/sUgVuWYbhz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Mario Nawfal (@MarioNawfal) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarioNawfal/status/1892753607419973694?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 21, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a push for greater fiscal transparency, the SpaceX CEO advocated for public access to the nation’s gold reserves. \u0026#8220;All this gold at Fort Knox, it’s the public’s gold. It’s your gold, so I think you like have a right to see it,\u0026#8221; Musk asserted. \u0026#8220;It should be a live tour like you can see what’s going on, what’s behind it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTurning to immigration policy, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/02/20/elon-musk-waives-chainsaw-before-giving-doge-update-at-cpac/79352970007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econdemned\u003c/a\u003e the Biden administration’s approach, labeling it a \u0026#8220;giant voter importation scam.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSchmitt pointed out that Musk and Trump have faced allegations of disrupting established political norms. Musk responded unequivocally, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re fighting the matrix big time here. It\u0026#8217;s got to be done.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith DOGE’s cost-cutting policies in focus, Musk keeps pushing for big government spending cuts while calling for political change and more accountability. His CPAC appearance showed his strong commitment to these goals, reinforcing his role in shaping America’s economic discussions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-federal-employee-layoffs-raise-concerns\"\u003eFederal employee layoffs raise concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the administration pushes for budget cuts, the rapid layoffs of federal workers have raised alarms. As \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nuclear-doge-firings-trump-federal-916e6819104f04f44c345b7dde4904d5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e by \u003cem\u003eAP News\u003c/em\u003e, up to 350 employees at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) were laid off on February 13.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most affected locations was the Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas, which saw a 30% workforce reduction. This facility is responsible for reassembling nuclear warheads, one of the most sensitive roles in the nation’s nuclear weapons program.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn total, about 2,000 Department of Energy employees were let go as part of DOGE’s cost-cutting measures. Critics argue that these decisions could put national security at risk.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The DOGE people are coming in with absolutely no knowledge of what these departments are responsible for,” said Daryl Kimball, executive director of the Arms Control Association. “They don’t seem to realize that it’s actually the department of nuclear weapons more than it is the Department of Energy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T577,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA video of him enthusiastically waving the chainsaw at the event while the crowd erupted in cheers quickly spread across social media. In the footage, Musk could be heard declaring, \u0026#8220;Chainsaw for bureaucracy.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe tech mogul\u0026#8217;s stance aligned with President Donald Trump’s newly established Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), an initiative designed to streamline federal expenditures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-musk-s-political-realignment-and-media-criticism\"\u003eMusk’s political realignment and media criticism\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an interview with television host Rob Schmitt, Musk elaborated on his evolving political ideology, acknowledging a shift from a previously neutral stance to a strong alignment with the Republican Party. He cited concerns over the trajectory of national governance as a key driver for this transition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I thought we were sort of heading to a point of no return, really,\u0026#8221; the tech mogul \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/elon-musk-wields-chainsaw-conservative-gathering-gift-argentinas-milei-2025-02-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;And so that\u0026#8217;s why it was so essential that President Trump won the election and that there be a Republican majority in the House and Senate, which thanks to you has been accomplished.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T6e8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚨 LMAO! Elon Musk just paraded around the stage at CPAC with a chainsaw given to him by Javier Milei 🤣\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026quot;THIS IS THE CHAINSAW FOR BUREAUCRACY!\u0026quot; 🔥 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NcL2f22xjO\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NcL2f22xjO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Nick Sortor (@nicksortor) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nicksortor/status/1892701721958273351?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 20, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReaffirming his core beliefs, Musk further emphasized the importance of restoring foundational national values. \u0026#8220;We need to restore the fundamental elements of what made America great, which is freedom and opportunity.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe also criticized legacy media, arguing that mainstream news organizations perpetuate ideological homogeneity and function as an \u0026#8220;echo chamber.\u0026#8221; He called for the defunding of these media entities and reiterated that his acquisition of the social media platform X was a strategic effort to safeguard free expression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-doge-s-fiscal-strategy-and-calls-for-greater-transparency\"\u003eDOGE’s fiscal strategy and calls for greater transparency\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk underscored the objectives of the Department of Government Efficiency, an advisory body created by Trump via executive order to reduce federal expenditures by nearly $2 trillion. While not an officially recognized government agency, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-not-doge-boss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e operates within federal departments, deploying dedicated personnel to evaluate and recommend budgetary reductions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T608,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe contended that the program’s cost-cutting measures are crucial for preserving entitlement programs such as Medicare and Social Security. \u0026#8220;Recent \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-shadow-government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDOGE\u003c/a\u003e cuts will help the federal government save Medicare and Social Security,\u0026#8221; Musk claimed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🇺🇸ELON: DOGE WILL SAVE MEDICARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The actions that we\u0026#039;re taking [with DOGE] with the support of the President and the support of the agencies are what will save Medicare, what will save Social Security\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecause if the country goes insolvent—if all the money is… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://t.co/105u2zD3Gn\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/sUgVuWYbhz\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/sUgVuWYbhz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Mario Nawfal (@MarioNawfal) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarioNawfal/status/1892753607419973694?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFebruary 21, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a push for greater fiscal transparency, the SpaceX CEO advocated for public access to the nation’s gold reserves. \u0026#8220;All this gold at Fort Knox, it’s the public’s gold. It’s your gold, so I think you like have a right to see it,\u0026#8221; Musk asserted. \u0026#8220;It should be a live tour like you can see what’s going on, what’s behind it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T5a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTurning to immigration policy, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/02/20/elon-musk-waives-chainsaw-before-giving-doge-update-at-cpac/79352970007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econdemned\u003c/a\u003e the Biden administration’s approach, labeling it a \u0026#8220;giant voter importation scam.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSchmitt pointed out that Musk and Trump have faced allegations of disrupting established political norms. Musk responded unequivocally, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re fighting the matrix big time here. It\u0026#8217;s got to be done.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith DOGE’s cost-cutting policies in focus, Musk keeps pushing for big government spending cuts while calling for political change and more accountability. His CPAC appearance showed his strong commitment to these goals, reinforcing his role in shaping America’s economic discussions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-federal-employee-layoffs-raise-concerns\"\u003eFederal employee layoffs raise concerns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the administration pushes for budget cuts, the rapid layoffs of federal workers have raised alarms. As \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nuclear-doge-firings-trump-federal-916e6819104f04f44c345b7dde4904d5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e by \u003cem\u003eAP News\u003c/em\u003e, up to 350 employees at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) were laid off on February 13.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T1d41,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS Navy upgrades submarines, carriers with advanced nuclear reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"BWX Technologies secures $2.1B to supply advanced nuclear reactors for the US Navy’s next-generation submarines and Ford-class carriers.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US Navy upgrades submarines, carriers with advanced nuclear reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BWX Technologies secures $2.1B to supply advanced nuclear reactors for the US Navy’s next-generation submarines and Ford-class carriers.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T23:40:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T23:40:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Untitled-design-2024-12-26T145349.844.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"US Navy next-gen submarines, carriers to get nuclear reactors with longer deployments\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-20T23:40:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T23:40:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\"},\"wordCount\":572,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Untitled-design-2024-12-26T145349.844.png\",\"caption\":\"US Navy's Virginia-Class Submarine New Jersey. 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Camper, president of BWXT Nuclear Operations Group, expressed pride in supporting the U.S. Navy, highlighting the firm’s specialized expertise in naval nuclear technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These contracts reflect our commitment to providing the necessary components that keep our naval forces operational and secure,” he stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Navy relies heavily on its nuclear-powered fleet, which offers significant advantages like extended deployment capabilities and reduced fuel costs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Columbia-class submarines, for instance, are scheduled to replace the aging Ohio-class fleet as part of a modernization strategy aimed at maintaining the U.S. edge in underwater warfare.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the Virginia-class submarines are multipurpose vessels that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebolster\u003c/a\u003e the Navy’s maritime capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT\u0026#8217;s involvement in the naval nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://www.bwxt.com/news/2025/02/19/BWXT-Announces-21-Billion-in-Contracts-for-Naval-Nuclear-Reactor-Components\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esector\u003c/a\u003e stems from its foundation of innovation and expertise. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has leveraged decades of experience to become a trusted partner in developing and producing nuclear propulsion technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2023 contracts reflect a continued focus on enhancing the capabilities of the Navy amidst evolving global threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-submarines-carriers\"\u003eNext-gen submarines, carriers \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, investments in naval nuclear technologies are part of a broader effort to modernize military infrastructure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMaintaining a robust naval presence is critical to U.S. defense strategy as geopolitical tensions rise, particularly in regions like the South China Sea and Eastern Europe.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnalysts suggest that advancements in submarine technology are essential to deterring aggression from rival nations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe workload generated by these contracts will bolster U.S. military capabilities and provide significant economic benefits.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT’s facilities are expected to create job opportunities to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarine-ssnx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebenefit\u003c/a\u003e the Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana communities where manufacturing operations will occur. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs BWXT moves forward with these contracts, the emphasis on collaboration with the U.S. Navy will likely pave the way for further advancements in naval defense technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ongoing commitment to innovation and excellence in producing nuclear reactor components is poised to enhance the operational readiness of the U.S. naval fleet for years to come.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the recent contracts awarded to BWX Technologies epitomize the critical intersection of technology, national security, and industrial capability.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s endeavors in supporting nuclear propulsion solidify its position in the defense sector and contribute to the larger mission of ensuring a secure and free maritime environment for the United States and its allies.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T435,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nuclear-reactors-with-longer-deployments\"\u003eNuclear reactors with longer deployments\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis latest contract underscores BWXT\u0026#8217;s long-standing relationship with the U.S. Navy, particularly in naval nuclear propulsion.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor over 70 years, the company has been a key player in providing technology and services to support the Navy’s operations, demonstrating its capability to manage complex projects crucial for national defense.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the recent contracts, BWXT is also involved in producing and delivering nuclear fuel for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, a separate contract valued at approximately $300 million, awarded to Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc., based in Erwin, Tennessee.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis contract was announced in October 2023 and is expected to be completed this year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGary D. Camper, president of BWXT Nuclear Operations Group, expressed pride in supporting the U.S. Navy, highlighting the firm’s specialized expertise in naval nuclear technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T4e4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These contracts reflect our commitment to providing the necessary components that keep our naval forces operational and secure,” he stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Navy relies heavily on its nuclear-powered fleet, which offers significant advantages like extended deployment capabilities and reduced fuel costs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Columbia-class submarines, for instance, are scheduled to replace the aging Ohio-class fleet as part of a modernization strategy aimed at maintaining the U.S. edge in underwater warfare.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the Virginia-class submarines are multipurpose vessels that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-cruise-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebolster\u003c/a\u003e the Navy’s maritime capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT\u0026#8217;s involvement in the naval nuclear \u003ca href=\"https://www.bwxt.com/news/2025/02/19/BWXT-Announces-21-Billion-in-Contracts-for-Naval-Nuclear-Reactor-Components\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esector\u003c/a\u003e stems from its foundation of innovation and expertise. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has leveraged decades of experience to become a trusted partner in developing and producing nuclear propulsion technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T513,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2023 contracts reflect a continued focus on enhancing the capabilities of the Navy amidst evolving global threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-submarines-carriers\"\u003eNext-gen submarines, carriers \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, investments in naval nuclear technologies are part of a broader effort to modernize military infrastructure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMaintaining a robust naval presence is critical to U.S. defense strategy as geopolitical tensions rise, particularly in regions like the South China Sea and Eastern Europe.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnalysts suggest that advancements in submarine technology are essential to deterring aggression from rival nations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe workload generated by these contracts will bolster U.S. military capabilities and provide significant economic benefits.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBWXT’s facilities are expected to create job opportunities to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarine-ssnx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebenefit\u003c/a\u003e the Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana communities where manufacturing operations will occur. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs BWXT moves forward with these contracts, the emphasis on collaboration with the U.S. Navy will likely pave the way for further advancements in naval defense technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T1ddd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina explores radiation shield for cancer treatment, nuclear fallout\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Shielding against radiation will not only help people survive nuclear fallout but also improve health outcomes for cancer patients.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T22:49:51+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T22:50:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Nuclear-Fallout.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T12a8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have developed a treatment that increases the survival rates of mice exposed to acute. This discovery has the potential to make cancer treatment safer and even improve the likelihood of survival in the event of nuclear war.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to SCMP, this new study uncovers that knocking out certain proteins that play an essential role in the body’s immune system, especially to prevent cancer or viruses, could provide significant protection against \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tardigrades-genetic-shield-against-radiation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eradiation damage\u003c/a\u003e and even help improve cancer radiotherapy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-in-cancer-treatments\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure in cancer treatments\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHigh exposure to radiation breaks down the body’s DNA, causing large-scale apoptosis, a widespread cell death that occurs in diseases and during embryonic development.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRadiotherapy, which is meant to remove cancerous tumors, also uses high-energy radiation to damage the DNA of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer cells\u003c/a\u003e, preventing them from dividing and growing. However, it can also affect healthy cells near the tumor, and these cells may experience DNA damage and undergo apoptosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer patients often die from gastrointestinal issues, as radiotherapy can also damage healthy cells in the GI tract. Radiation can also weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-during-a-nuclear-fallout-nbsp\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure during a Nuclear fallout\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDirect radiation exposure in high quantities can occur during a nuclear accident, like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChornobyl\u003c/a\u003e disaster, when large amounts of radioactive material are released into the environment, or in situations like a nuclear explosion, where individuals are directly exposed to a significant dose of radiation in a short period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-radiation-heals-concerete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear radiation\u003c/a\u003e, studies estimate that in case of a nuclear explosion, way more people would be killed by radioactive fallout rather than the actual blast. Physicians also estimate that around \u003ca href=\"https://www.icanw.org/catastrophic_harm#:~:text=Nuclear%20weapons%20are%20the%20most,global%20climate%2C%20causing%20widespread%20famine.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2.4 million people worldwide\u003c/a\u003e will eventually die from cancers due to atmospheric nuclear tests conducted between 1945 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore than half of the victims of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-of-hiroshima-glasses-gives-new-insights-into-nuclear-fallout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHiroshima\u003c/a\u003e and Nagasaki bombings died as a result of the fallout from the blasts. At the same time, many survivors faced leukemia, cancer, or other terrible side effects from the radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Chernobyl accident in 1986 led to about 4,000 deaths, mostly from radiation-related cancers years later, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. For now, there are no preventive measures against such radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA promising breakthrough for protection against radiation injury\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study led by Sun Yirong at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health has demonstrated that turning off the Sting protein (stimulator of interferon genes) can dramatically increase survival rates in mice exposed to radiation—from 11% in normal mice to 67% in Sting-knockout mice. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the journal Cell Death and Differentiation, the study found that normal mice suffered severe abdominal injuries. In contrast, mice lacking Sting exhibited significantly enhanced intestinal resilience, with their villi (tiny, finger-like projections that line the inner surface of the small intestine) density being 2.3 times higher. Moreover, the rate of cell death in these modified mice dropped from 45% to 12% following radiation exposure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSun highlighted the potential of therapies based on this discovery, noting that they could offer robust protection against radiation injury, improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy, and advance overall cancer treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:T668,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-in-cancer-treatments\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure in cancer treatments\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHigh exposure to radiation breaks down the body’s DNA, causing large-scale apoptosis, a widespread cell death that occurs in diseases and during embryonic development.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRadiotherapy, which is meant to remove cancerous tumors, also uses high-energy radiation to damage the DNA of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer cells\u003c/a\u003e, preventing them from dividing and growing. However, it can also affect healthy cells near the tumor, and these cells may experience DNA damage and undergo apoptosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer patients often die from gastrointestinal issues, as radiotherapy can also damage healthy cells in the GI tract. Radiation can also weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-from-radiation-exposure-during-a-nuclear-fallout-nbsp\"\u003eImmunity from radiation exposure during a Nuclear fallout\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDirect radiation exposure in high quantities can occur during a nuclear accident, like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChornobyl\u003c/a\u003e disaster, when large amounts of radioactive material are released into the environment, or in situations like a nuclear explosion, where individuals are directly exposed to a significant dose of radiation in a short period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T6c5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen it comes to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-radiation-heals-concerete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear radiation\u003c/a\u003e, studies estimate that in case of a nuclear explosion, way more people would be killed by radioactive fallout rather than the actual blast. Physicians also estimate that around \u003ca href=\"https://www.icanw.org/catastrophic_harm#:~:text=Nuclear%20weapons%20are%20the%20most,global%20climate%2C%20causing%20widespread%20famine.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2.4 million people worldwide\u003c/a\u003e will eventually die from cancers due to atmospheric nuclear tests conducted between 1945 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore than half of the victims of the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-of-hiroshima-glasses-gives-new-insights-into-nuclear-fallout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHiroshima\u003c/a\u003e and Nagasaki bombings died as a result of the fallout from the blasts. At the same time, many survivors faced leukemia, cancer, or other terrible side effects from the radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Chernobyl accident in 1986 led to about 4,000 deaths, mostly from radiation-related cancers years later, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. For now, there are no preventive measures against such radiation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA promising breakthrough for protection against radiation injury\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA recent study led by Sun Yirong at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health has demonstrated that turning off the Sting protein (stimulator of interferon genes) can dramatically increase survival rates in mice exposed to radiation—from 11% in normal mice to 67% in Sting-knockout mice. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T1d06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld’s 1st nailable solar shingle offers 23% more power with upgrade\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"GAF Energy’s Timberline Solar ES 2 generates 23% more power than its predecessor and offers better installation efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-nailable-solar-shingle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World’s 1st nailable solar shingle offers 23% more power with upgrade\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GAF Energy’s Timberline Solar ES 2 generates 23% more power than its predecessor and offers better installation efficiency.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-nailable-solar-shingle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:Tf1e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA New Jersey-based firm has launched the latest upgrade of the world’s first nailable solar shingle. GAF Energy’s Timberline Solar ES 2 reportedly delivers 23% more power than its predecessor, offering enhanced installation efficiency and expanded design compatibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the company, ES 2 boasts an industry-defying depth of less than a quarter inch and integrates with traditional GAF shingles to create a sleek and attractive look.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, GAF launched the world’s first nailable solar shingle. Solar shingles, or photovoltaic shingles, are solar panels that look and work like traditional roofing materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-power-enhanced-design\"\u003eMore power, enhanced design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s Timberline Solar meets a host of rigorous third-party safety \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photoswitches-improved-energy-storage-efficiency\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estandards\u003c/a\u003e covering both roofing and solar. ES 2 is claimed to deliver more power, superior installation, and enhanced design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Three years ago, we transformed the solar industry with Timberline Solar. Today, we’re raising the bar again,\u0026#8221; said Martin DeBono, President of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gaf.energy/press/gaf-energy-launches-next-generation-of-timberline-solar-energy-shingle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGAF Energy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Timberline Solar ES 2 represents everything we’ve learned about solar roofing, enhanced by extensive feedback from contractors and homeowners. It’s an innovation that delivers a solar shingle that is more powerful, even easier to install, and more versatile than ever before.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-es-2-delivers-57-watts-of-power-per-shingle\"\u003eES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has revealed that the Timberline Solar ES 2 builds on GAF Energy’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-transparent-pv-window\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebreakthrough\u003c/a\u003e approach to solar roofing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle, a 23% increase in energy generation. It also enables superior installation speed and offers more area than a traditional asphalt shingle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 also offers enhanced StrikeZone for improved installation efficiency and is compatible with the complete GAF Timberline shingle collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn November, ES2\u0026#8217;s predecessor was approved for installation by the Sterling Ranch master-planned community. The acceptance suggested that Timberline Solar meets or exceeds the community’s high safety, energy production, and aesthetics standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shingles-can-withstand-winds-up-to-130-mph\"\u003eShingles can withstand winds up to 130 mph\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe availability of Timberline Solar is expected to help Sterling Ranch reach its sustainability targets, including achieving 100% renewable electricity by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company recently completed a 450,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Georgetown, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGAF Energy’s Timberline Solar can help homeowners as they will no longer have to compromise with their looks when adding solar power to their roofs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.gaf.energy/timberline-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTimberline Solar\u003c/a\u003e is made up of shingles, not panels or heavy tiles. The company has revealed that these shingles are water-shedding, strong, and warranted to withstand winds up to 130 mph. Rack-mounted solar installations—where the solar is separate from the roof—require drilling dozens of holes into the roof membrane. Roof warranties do not typically cover any resulting damage related to those holes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T40e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-power-generated-at-night-device\"\u003eSolar power generated even at night using breakthrough ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/challenges-of-solar-power\"\u003eInto solar energy's hidden challenges that stop global ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-60-percent-energy-conversion\"\u003ePowerful solar cell with 60% energy conversion potential ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T67d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, GAF launched the world’s first nailable solar shingle. Solar shingles, or photovoltaic shingles, are solar panels that look and work like traditional roofing materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-power-enhanced-design\"\u003eMore power, enhanced design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s Timberline Solar meets a host of rigorous third-party safety \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photoswitches-improved-energy-storage-efficiency\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estandards\u003c/a\u003e covering both roofing and solar. ES 2 is claimed to deliver more power, superior installation, and enhanced design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Three years ago, we transformed the solar industry with Timberline Solar. Today, we’re raising the bar again,\u0026#8221; said Martin DeBono, President of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gaf.energy/press/gaf-energy-launches-next-generation-of-timberline-solar-energy-shingle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGAF Energy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Timberline Solar ES 2 represents everything we’ve learned about solar roofing, enhanced by extensive feedback from contractors and homeowners. It’s an innovation that delivers a solar shingle that is more powerful, even easier to install, and more versatile than ever before.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-es-2-delivers-57-watts-of-power-per-shingle\"\u003eES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company has revealed that the Timberline Solar ES 2 builds on GAF Energy’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-largest-transparent-pv-window\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebreakthrough\u003c/a\u003e approach to solar roofing.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T4a8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 delivers 57 watts of power per shingle, a 23% increase in energy generation. It also enables superior installation speed and offers more area than a traditional asphalt shingle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ES 2 also offers enhanced StrikeZone for improved installation efficiency and is compatible with the complete GAF Timberline shingle collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn November, ES2\u0026#8217;s predecessor was approved for installation by the Sterling Ranch master-planned community. The acceptance suggested that Timberline Solar meets or exceeds the community’s high safety, energy production, and aesthetics standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shingles-can-withstand-winds-up-to-130-mph\"\u003eShingles can withstand winds up to 130 mph\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe availability of Timberline Solar is expected to help Sterling Ranch reach its sustainability targets, including achieving 100% renewable electricity by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company recently completed a 450,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Georgetown, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGAF Energy’s Timberline Solar can help homeowners as they will no longer have to compromise with their looks when adding solar power to their roofs.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T40e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-power-generated-at-night-device\"\u003eSolar power generated even at night using breakthrough ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/challenges-of-solar-power\"\u003eInto solar energy's hidden challenges that stop global ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cell-60-percent-energy-conversion\"\u003ePowerful solar cell with 60% energy conversion potential ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T1d28,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mRNA vaccine could add 10 years to pancreatic cancer patients\u0026#039; lives\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have developed a new mRNA vaccine to treat pancreatic cancer that may extend patients\u0026#039; lifespans by 8 to 10 years.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T20:12:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T20:12:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/iStock-1623195368-2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T1394,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant development for pancreatic cancer treatment, a phase 1 clinical trial has highlighted the potential of personalized mRNA vaccines to treat the deadly disease.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis research comes at a critical time, as pancreatic cancer is known for its grim prognosis, with less than 13% of patients surviving beyond five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe disease is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of early symptoms and routine screening.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pancreatic-cancer-woes\"\u003ePancreatic cancer woes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer is particularly challenging because around 90% of cases are found when they are already advanced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nature of this cancer often allows it to spread to other parts of the body before it can be effectively treated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are limited in their ability to cure the disease, which has led researchers to seek innovative therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Vinod Balachandran, who leads the Olayan Center for Cancer Vaccines at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, expressed the urgent need for new options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Despite advancements in treatments for other cancers, pancreatic cancer remains largely resistant, with a survival rate that has stagnated around 10% even following the best available therapies,” he noted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the COVID-19 pandemic popularized mRNA technology, researchers already explored its potential for cancer treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach educates the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. The technology is also being tested for other types of cancer, such as melanoma and colorectal cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor an mRNA vaccine to be effective, it must generate a strong response from T cells, a type of immune cell that combats infections and diseases. These T cells must remain active over time to fight cancer cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile training T cells to attack viruses is comparatively straightforward, teaching them to target cells the body has created is considerably more complex.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe challenge is particularly pronounced in pancreatic cancer. For a vaccine to successfully prompt the immune system to identify tumor cells, there \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08508-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emust\u003c/a\u003e be unique targets present on those cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer cells develop from mutations, and these mutations can \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/pancreatic-cancer-dna-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eserve\u003c/a\u003e as targets. However, pancreatic tumors generally have fewer mutations available, leading to skepticism about the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines for this cancer type.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-mrna-vaccine-may-extend-life-by-8-to-10-years\"\u003eNew mRNA vaccine may extend life by 8 to 10 years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recent trial aimed to test this assumption by exploring the efficacy of personalized mRNA vaccines in a group with operable pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was a follow-up study to an initial trial conducted earlier in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhase 1 trials are designed to assess safety and initial effectiveness, and this new study included 16 patients whose tumors could be surgically removed—a rare situation, as only about 20% of pancreatic cancers are operable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to surgical treatment, these participants were given personalized mRNA vaccines tailored to their tumor profiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers monitored the patients for up to four years after tumor removal, assessing the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to stimulate an immune response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResults showed that half of the participants—eight out of 16—responded positively to the vaccine, producing T cells capable of targeting their tumors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe other half did not show any measurable response. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong those who responded, the vaccine appeared to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esignificantly\u003c/a\u003e prolong the lifespan of the T cells, with estimates suggesting they could last nearly eight years in the body and around 20% of these cells may persist and function for decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings indicate that the mRNA vaccine may not only activate an immune response but could potentially enhance the longevity of T cells, crucial for long-term protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/news/can-mrna-vaccines-fight-pancreatic-cancer-msk-clinical-researchers-are-trying-find-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eagainst\u003c/a\u003e cancer recurrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile this study marks a promising step forward in the fight against pancreatic cancer, it remains one of the first stages of research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther trials will be necessary to evaluate mRNA vaccines\u0026#8217; effectiveness and broader applicability in treating this challenging cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T413,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pancreatic-cancer-woes\"\u003ePancreatic cancer woes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer is particularly challenging because around 90% of cases are found when they are already advanced.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe nature of this cancer often allows it to spread to other parts of the body before it can be effectively treated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are limited in their ability to cure the disease, which has led researchers to seek innovative therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Vinod Balachandran, who leads the Olayan Center for Cancer Vaccines at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, expressed the urgent need for new options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Despite advancements in treatments for other cancers, pancreatic cancer remains largely resistant, with a survival rate that has stagnated around 10% even following the best available therapies,” he noted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBefore the COVID-19 pandemic popularized mRNA technology, researchers already explored its potential for cancer treatment.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T502,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovative approach educates the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. The technology is also being tested for other types of cancer, such as melanoma and colorectal cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor an mRNA vaccine to be effective, it must generate a strong response from T cells, a type of immune cell that combats infections and diseases. These T cells must remain active over time to fight cancer cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile training T cells to attack viruses is comparatively straightforward, teaching them to target cells the body has created is considerably more complex.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe challenge is particularly pronounced in pancreatic cancer. For a vaccine to successfully prompt the immune system to identify tumor cells, there \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08508-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emust\u003c/a\u003e be unique targets present on those cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCancer cells develop from mutations, and these mutations can \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/pancreatic-cancer-dna-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eserve\u003c/a\u003e as targets. However, pancreatic tumors generally have fewer mutations available, leading to skepticism about the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines for this cancer type.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T43d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-mrna-vaccine-may-extend-life-by-8-to-10-years\"\u003eNew mRNA vaccine may extend life by 8 to 10 years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recent trial aimed to test this assumption by exploring the efficacy of personalized mRNA vaccines in a group with operable pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was a follow-up study to an initial trial conducted earlier in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePhase 1 trials are designed to assess safety and initial effectiveness, and this new study included 16 patients whose tumors could be surgically removed—a rare situation, as only about 20% of pancreatic cancers are operable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to surgical treatment, these participants were given personalized mRNA vaccines tailored to their tumor profiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers monitored the patients for up to four years after tumor removal, assessing the vaccine\u0026#8217;s ability to stimulate an immune response.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResults showed that half of the participants—eight out of 16—responded positively to the vaccine, producing T cells capable of targeting their tumors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T474,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe other half did not show any measurable response. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong those who responded, the vaccine appeared to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esignificantly\u003c/a\u003e prolong the lifespan of the T cells, with estimates suggesting they could last nearly eight years in the body and around 20% of these cells may persist and function for decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings indicate that the mRNA vaccine may not only activate an immune response but could potentially enhance the longevity of T cells, crucial for long-term protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/news/can-mrna-vaccines-fight-pancreatic-cancer-msk-clinical-researchers-are-trying-find-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eagainst\u003c/a\u003e cancer recurrence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile this study marks a promising step forward in the fight against pancreatic cancer, it remains one of the first stages of research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther trials will be necessary to evaluate mRNA vaccines\u0026#8217; effectiveness and broader applicability in treating this challenging cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T1920,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMicrosoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Microsoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap on Interesting Engineering. 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nickel superconductor works above -387°F\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Superconductors have diverse applications, including MRI machines, maglev trains, power transmission, and fusion reactors.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-nickel-superconductor-works-above-threshold\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:53:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:55:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-9_5c8581.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2nDcoARyAVs\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"251\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:53:29+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T1508,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003ePhysicists in China report the creation of a new nickel-based high-temperature superconductor at room pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this development comes from researchers at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, China. For this, the team created a nickel oxide thin film.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, this nickel-based superconductor can achieve superconductivity above -233°C (minus 387 Fahrenheit) at \u0026#8220;normal pressure.\u0026#8221; This is a rare achievement, with only cuprates and iron-based materials previously demonstrating this breakthrough.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings pave the way for comprehensive investigations of nickelate superconductors under ambient pressure conditions and for exploring superconductivity at higher transition temperature through strain engineering in heterostructures,” the researchers wrote in the study paper published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-superconductivity-challenge\"\u003eThe superconductivity challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductivity is when a material loses all electrical resistance and expels magnetic fields below a certain temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt occurs when a material is cooled to a critical temperature. Traditionally, this required extremely low temperatures, making it impractical for many applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile many substances exhibit this behavior below -250 degrees Celsius, the real challenge lies in finding materials that can achieve superconductivity at higher temperatures. Those that can maintain this zero-resistance state above -233 degrees Celsius are classified as \u0026#8220;high-temperature\u0026#8221; superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe significance of high-temperature superconductors lies in their ability to be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is far more cost-effective and efficient than the coolants required for standard superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, only copper-based and iron-based materials have achieved high-temperature superconductivity at ambient pressure.\u0026nbsp;Nickel-based materials previously required immense pressure, limiting their study and use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Originally, nickel-based high-temperature superconductivity could only be achieved under extremely high pressure – up to hundreds of thousands of atmospheres, which is basically equivalent to the pressure inside the Earth,” co-corresponding author Chen Zhuoyu told \u003cem\u003eCCTV\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the Superconductor Discovery Could Change Our World Forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2nDcoARyAVs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nickelate-superconductor\"\u003eNickelate superconductor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at SUSTech spent three years developing a unique method to create their nickelate superconductor. This material is composed of nickel, oxygen, and two rare earth metals: lanthanum and praseodymium.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey arranged these elements in a way that achieved \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-magnetic-field\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconductivity\u003c/a\u003e at ambient pressure — a major advancement over previous methods that required extreme pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material transitioned into a superconducting state at about -228 degrees Celsius when formed in thin layers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductors under high pressure has opened a new chapter in high-transition temperature superconductivity,” the study stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our work allows experimental investigations of the superconductivity mechanism with enhanced feasibility,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3299254/chinese-scientists-create-new-superconducting-material-based-nickel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, Professor Xue Qikun outlined the team\u0026#8217;s future research plans. He stated their intention to leverage the \u0026#8220;unique experimental technology\u0026#8221; they had developed to explore a wider range of materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to push the boundaries of superconductivity further, specifically aiming to achieve even higher transition temperatures while maintaining normal, atmospheric pressure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eQikun also highlighted that this development represents a \u0026#8220;major innovation\u0026#8221; in China\u0026#8217;s pursuit of independent experimental technology. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductors have diverse \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-what-is-it-and-why-it-matters-to-our-future\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, including MRI machines, maglev trains, power transmission, and fusion reactors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were reported in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08755-z\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T445,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings pave the way for comprehensive investigations of nickelate superconductors under ambient pressure conditions and for exploring superconductivity at higher transition temperature through strain engineering in heterostructures,” the researchers wrote in the study paper published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-superconductivity-challenge\"\u003eThe superconductivity challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductivity is when a material loses all electrical resistance and expels magnetic fields below a certain temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt occurs when a material is cooled to a critical temperature. Traditionally, this required extremely low temperatures, making it impractical for many applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile many substances exhibit this behavior below -250 degrees Celsius, the real challenge lies in finding materials that can achieve superconductivity at higher temperatures. Those that can maintain this zero-resistance state above -233 degrees Celsius are classified as \u0026#8220;high-temperature\u0026#8221; superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T668,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe significance of high-temperature superconductors lies in their ability to be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is far more cost-effective and efficient than the coolants required for standard superconductors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, only copper-based and iron-based materials have achieved high-temperature superconductivity at ambient pressure.\u0026nbsp;Nickel-based materials previously required immense pressure, limiting their study and use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Originally, nickel-based high-temperature superconductivity could only be achieved under extremely high pressure – up to hundreds of thousands of atmospheres, which is basically equivalent to the pressure inside the Earth,” co-corresponding author Chen Zhuoyu told \u003cem\u003eCCTV\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the Superconductor Discovery Could Change Our World Forever\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2nDcoARyAVs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nickelate-superconductor\"\u003eNickelate superconductor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at SUSTech spent three years developing a unique method to create their nickelate superconductor. This material is composed of nickel, oxygen, and two rare earth metals: lanthanum and praseodymium.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T570,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey arranged these elements in a way that achieved \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-magnetic-field\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esuperconductivity\u003c/a\u003e at ambient pressure — a major advancement over previous methods that required extreme pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material transitioned into a superconducting state at about -228 degrees Celsius when formed in thin layers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductors under high pressure has opened a new chapter in high-transition temperature superconductivity,” the study stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our work allows experimental investigations of the superconductivity mechanism with enhanced feasibility,” it added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3299254/chinese-scientists-create-new-superconducting-material-based-nickel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, Professor Xue Qikun outlined the team\u0026#8217;s future research plans. He stated their intention to leverage the \u0026#8220;unique experimental technology\u0026#8221; they had developed to explore a wider range of materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to push the boundaries of superconductivity further, specifically aiming to achieve even higher transition temperatures while maintaining normal, atmospheric pressure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T1e1a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBio-hybrid drone with silkworm moth tech detects odor from 16 feet away\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers in Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone using silkworm moth antennae for advanced odor sensing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bio-hybrid drone with silkworm moth tech detects odor from 16 feet away\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers in Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone using silkworm moth antennae for advanced odor sensing.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:30:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:30:40+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-Photo-68-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/78c2214b57e99edf55d54e28e5313455\"},\"headline\":\"Bio-hybrid drone with moth antennae boosts odor tracking for rescue 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fBc1pa_bNmE\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"125\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:30:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T1402,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional drones rely on visual sensors for navigation, but these systems struggle in low light, dusty, or damp environments. This limitation makes it difficult for drones to function effectively in disaster-stricken areas where visibility is compromised. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone that integrates silkworm moth antennae with robotic technology to enhance odor tracking and navigation capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovation leverages biological sensory mechanisms to improve drone performance in various applications, including gas detection, disaster response, and environmental monitoring. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the natural odor-sensing abilities of insects with advanced robotics, the research team aims to address the limitations of conventional drone technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-harnessing-nature-s-precision-for-enhanced-tracking\"\u003eHarnessing nature’s precision for enhanced tracking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnimals, particularly insects like moths, use their sense of smell to locate food, avoid predators, and find mates. Male moths can detect pheromones from several kilometers away using a process called odor-source localization. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural ability, researchers led by Associate Professor Daigo Terutsuki from Shinshu University, along with Associate Professor Toshiyuki Nakata and Chihiro Fukui from Chiba University, developed a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-makes-heavy-lift-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edrone\u003c/a\u003e that mimics this mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our team is continuing to develop bio-hybrid drones that utilize living insect antennae as odor sensor elements. In this research, we strive to incorporate the dynamic movements and mechanisms of living organisms to dramatically enhance the performance of our odor-tracking drones,\u0026#8221; says Terutsuki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s previous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flies-inspire-scent-detecting-drones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebio-hybrid drone\u003c/a\u003e used an electroantennography (EAG) sensor, which measures the electrical signals from insect antennae. While highly sensitive, the initial model had a limited detection range of less than 6.5 feet (2 meters). The researchers improved upon this by refining the design to better replicate insect behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancements-in-odor-detection-technology\"\u003eAdvancements in odor detection technology\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo enhance accuracy, the researchers introduced a \u0026#8220;stepped rotation algorithm\u0026#8221; that mimics the way insects pause while tracking odors. Unlike robotic odor-search models that operate continuously, insects intermittently stop to improve their precision. This biological behavior was incorporated into the drone’s tracking system, significantly improving its effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team also redesigned the electrodes and the EAG sensor to better match the structure of silkworm moth antennae, allowing for more efficient signal detection. Additionally, they implemented a funnel-shaped enclosure to reduce airflow resistance and applied a conductive coating to minimize electrostatic noise interference. These improvements extended the drone’s odor-detection range to approximately 16 feet (5 meters), making it much more effective in real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bio-hybrid drone uses silkworm moth antennae to navigate by smell\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fBc1pa_bNmE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential applications of this \u003ca href=\"https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-bio-hybrid-drone-silkworm-moth.html`\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ebio-hybrid technology\u003c/a\u003e are vast. It could be used for detecting gas leaks in critical infrastructure, identifying hazardous substances such as explosives and drugs in airport security, and even assisting in early fire detection. More importantly, it offers a promising solution for search and rescue missions in disaster zones where conventional visual sensors fail.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The advanced bio-hybrid drone developed in this study has the potential to enable responders to rapidly locate survivors by tracking odors, ultimately saving more lives when every second counts,\u0026#8221; Terutsuki \u003ca href=\"https://www.shinshu-u.ac.jp/english/topics/2025/02/bio-hybrid-drone-use.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44182-025-00020-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Robotics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T5b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis innovation leverages biological sensory mechanisms to improve drone performance in various applications, including gas detection, disaster response, and environmental monitoring. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the natural odor-sensing abilities of insects with advanced robotics, the research team aims to address the limitations of conventional drone technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-harnessing-nature-s-precision-for-enhanced-tracking\"\u003eHarnessing nature’s precision for enhanced tracking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnimals, particularly insects like moths, use their sense of smell to locate food, avoid predators, and find mates. Male moths can detect pheromones from several kilometers away using a process called odor-source localization. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural ability, researchers led by Associate Professor Daigo Terutsuki from Shinshu University, along with Associate Professor Toshiyuki Nakata and Chihiro Fukui from Chiba University, developed a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-makes-heavy-lift-drone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edrone\u003c/a\u003e that mimics this mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our team is continuing to develop bio-hybrid drones that utilize living insect antennae as odor sensor elements. In this research, we strive to incorporate the dynamic movements and mechanisms of living organisms to dramatically enhance the performance of our odor-tracking drones,\u0026#8221; says Terutsuki.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T5da,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s previous \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flies-inspire-scent-detecting-drones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebio-hybrid drone\u003c/a\u003e used an electroantennography (EAG) sensor, which measures the electrical signals from insect antennae. While highly sensitive, the initial model had a limited detection range of less than 6.5 feet (2 meters). The researchers improved upon this by refining the design to better replicate insect behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancements-in-odor-detection-technology\"\u003eAdvancements in odor detection technology\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo enhance accuracy, the researchers introduced a \u0026#8220;stepped rotation algorithm\u0026#8221; that mimics the way insects pause while tracking odors. Unlike robotic odor-search models that operate continuously, insects intermittently stop to improve their precision. This biological behavior was incorporated into the drone’s tracking system, significantly improving its effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team also redesigned the electrodes and the EAG sensor to better match the structure of silkworm moth antennae, allowing for more efficient signal detection. Additionally, they implemented a funnel-shaped enclosure to reduce airflow resistance and applied a conductive coating to minimize electrostatic noise interference. These improvements extended the drone’s odor-detection range to approximately 16 feet (5 meters), making it much more effective in real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T6b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bio-hybrid drone uses silkworm moth antennae to navigate by smell\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fBc1pa_bNmE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential applications of this \u003ca href=\"https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-bio-hybrid-drone-silkworm-moth.html`\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ebio-hybrid technology\u003c/a\u003e are vast. It could be used for detecting gas leaks in critical infrastructure, identifying hazardous substances such as explosives and drugs in airport security, and even assisting in early fire detection. More importantly, it offers a promising solution for search and rescue missions in disaster zones where conventional visual sensors fail.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The advanced bio-hybrid drone developed in this study has the potential to enable responders to rapidly locate survivors by tracking odors, ultimately saving more lives when every second counts,\u0026#8221; Terutsuki \u003ca href=\"https://www.shinshu-u.ac.jp/english/topics/2025/02/bio-hybrid-drone-use.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44182-025-00020-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003enpj Robotics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T1fc9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"New leaf-inspired photothermal actuator enables fast movement and strength, powering versatile robots and advanced smart devices.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New leaf-inspired photothermal actuator enables fast movement and strength, powering versatile robots and advanced smart devices.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:07:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:10:33+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/acutator-robo.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"1020\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T17:07:09+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T185d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a photothermal actuator that combines rapid movement with remarkable load-carrying capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA team from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences created a superstructure liquid metal/low expansion actuator to address the shortcomings of previous designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe unique composition of the innovative actuator enables fast motion and strong load-bearing capabilities. To illustrate its capabilities, the researchers built a photo-activated robotic dog that can stand, swim, jump, and crawl.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also demonstrated applications in single-pole triple-throw switches and high-speed oscillators, highlighting the actuator’s versatility and efficiency. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers claim the advancement marks a significant leap in actuator technology, paving the way for more dynamic and multifunctional robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-leaf-inspired-actuators\"\u003eLeaf-inspired actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trade-off between response speed and load-bearing capacity has long made designing photothermal actuators difficult. While thicker actuators may support greater weight but react more slowly, thinner actuators move more quickly but are weaker.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAsymmetric-expansion \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrovoltaic-cell-electricity-no-sunlight-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ephotothermal\u003c/a\u003e actuators have drawn interest due to its straightforward design, stability, quick reaction time, and accurate control. Their total performance is hampered by their thickness, which limits their speed, deformation ability, and load capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite their prior promise, liquid metal (LM)-based photothermal actuators were unable to overcome this trade-off. Although LM microspheres improved the material\u0026#8217;s thermal characteristics, they did not appreciably boost its strength, which limited the actuators\u0026#8217; capacity to move high loads quickly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg\" alt=\"Superstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins. \" class=\"wp-image-144476\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSuperstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome these limitations, researchers drew inspiration from the microvascular networks in leaves. They used laser etching to create intricate graphene trenches within liquid metal/low expansion polyimide (LM@PI) films, mimicking leaf veins. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was then used to encapsulate these trenches, creating a programmable actuator with a high load-carrying capacity and quick reaction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;The design mimics the structure of leaf veins, which balances the strength and speed of the actuator,\u0026#8221; said LI Xiaofei, a member of the research team, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claim that the leaf vein-inspired structure successfully overcomes the conventional trade-offs by enabling the actuator to move quickly without sacrificing strength or longevity. The novel method not only improves photothermal actuator performance but also opens the door to more adaptable and effective robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-versatile-robotic-actuators\"\u003eVersatile robotic actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe load-carrying strength of thicker materials and the quick reaction of lightweight materials are successfully combined in the novel photothermal actuator design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe performance of the programmable actuators is outstanding. They have a bending angle of 159.05 ± 2.52°, oscillate at 19 Hz, respond at 60.96 ± 3.08°/s, and can handle weights 190 times their weight. According to the team, the innovation successfully addresses the strength versus speed trade-off that has long plagued photothermal actuator designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers created a photo-activated robotic dog that can crawl, jump, swim, and stand to show off the capabilities of these actuators. To demonstrate the adaptability of the actuators, they also created high-speed oscillators and single-pole triple-throw switches. By adding LM microspheres, the actuators become more stable and can last more than 20,800 cycles without breaking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This study provides a novel strategy for the design and fabrication of programmable photothermal actuators and highlights their potential for applications in advanced robotics, which paves the way for their integration into complex environments,\u0026#8221; said the team in the study abstract.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202416991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal Advanced Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T4e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers claim the advancement marks a significant leap in actuator technology, paving the way for more dynamic and multifunctional robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-leaf-inspired-actuators\"\u003eLeaf-inspired actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trade-off between response speed and load-bearing capacity has long made designing photothermal actuators difficult. While thicker actuators may support greater weight but react more slowly, thinner actuators move more quickly but are weaker.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAsymmetric-expansion \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrovoltaic-cell-electricity-no-sunlight-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ephotothermal\u003c/a\u003e actuators have drawn interest due to its straightforward design, stability, quick reaction time, and accurate control. Their total performance is hampered by their thickness, which limits their speed, deformation ability, and load capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite their prior promise, liquid metal (LM)-based photothermal actuators were unable to overcome this trade-off. Although LM microspheres improved the material\u0026#8217;s thermal characteristics, they did not appreciably boost its strength, which limited the actuators\u0026#8217; capacity to move high loads quickly.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T832,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg\" alt=\"Superstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins. \" class=\"wp-image-144476\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T180434.532.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eSuperstructure liquid metal photothermal actuator inspired by leaf veins.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome these limitations, researchers drew inspiration from the microvascular networks in leaves. They used laser etching to create intricate graphene trenches within liquid metal/low expansion polyimide (LM@PI) films, mimicking leaf veins. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was then used to encapsulate these trenches, creating a programmable actuator with a high load-carrying capacity and quick reaction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;The design mimics the structure of leaf veins, which balances the strength and speed of the actuator,\u0026#8221; said LI Xiaofei, a member of the research team, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers claim that the leaf vein-inspired structure successfully overcomes the conventional trade-offs by enabling the actuator to move quickly without sacrificing strength or longevity. The novel method not only improves photothermal actuator performance but also opens the door to more adaptable and effective robotic systems.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This study provides a novel strategy for the design and fabrication of programmable photothermal actuators and highlights their potential for applications in advanced robotics, which paves the way for their integration into complex environments,\u0026#8221; said the team in the study abstract.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe details of the team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202416991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were published in the journal Advanced Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T1e31,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFigure introduces ‘never-seen’ humanoid brain that controls full robot body\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Figure launches Helix, an AI that allows robots to recognize language and reasoning like humans and grasp household objects without training.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Figure introduces ‘never-seen’ humanoid brain that controls full robot body\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Figure launches Helix, an AI that allows robots to recognize language and reasoning like humans and grasp household objects without training.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:45:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T18:46:52+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Canva-Photo-32.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"Figure unveils first-of-its-kind brain for humanoid robots after shunning 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z3yQHYNXPws\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"174\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:45:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T18d6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant move in the AI world, California-based Figure has revealed Helix, a generalist Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model that unifies perception, language understanding, and learned control to overcome multiple longstanding challenges in robotics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrett Adcock, founder of Figure, said that Helix is the most significant AI update in the company\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix thinks like a human… and to bring robots into homes, we need a step change in capabilities. Helix can generalize to virtually any household item,” Adcock said in a social media post.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;ve been working on this project for over a year, aiming to solve general robotics. Like a human, Helix understands speech, reasons through problems, and can grasp any object \u0026#8211; all without needing training or code. In testing, Helix can grab almost any household object,” he added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe launch of Helix follows Figure\u0026#8217;s announcement of its separation from OpenAI in early February.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdcock stated at that time, “Figure has achieved a significant breakthrough in fully end-to-end robot AI, developed entirely in-house. We are excited to reveal something that no one has ever seen before in a humanoid within the next 30 days.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-series-of-the-world-s-first-capabilities\"\u003eA series of the world’s first capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, Helix introduces a novel approach to upper-body manipulation control.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt offers high-rate continuous control of the entire humanoid upper body, which includes the wrists, torso, head, and individual fingers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis level of control allows for more nuanced movements and interactions. Another important aspect of Helix is its capability for multi-robot collaboration.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can operate simultaneously on two robots, enabling them to work together on shared, long-term manipulation tasks involving objects they have not encountered before.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis feature significantly broadens the operational scope of robotics in complex environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, robots equipped with Helix can pick up a wide range of small household items, including many they have yet to encounter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Introducing Helix\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z3yQHYNXPws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ability is facilitated through natural language \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-shuns-openai-brain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eprompts\u003c/a\u003e, enhancing the ease of interaction and usability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix also employs a distinctive approach by utilizing a single set of neural network weights to learn various behaviors, such as picking and placing items, using drawers and refrigerators, and enabling cross-robot interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eliminates the need for task-specific fine-tuning, streamlining the learning process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLastly, Helix operates entirely on embedded low-power GPUs, which makes it suitable for commercial deployment. This feature highlights its practicality for real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-robots-and-helix-integration\"\u003eRobots and Helix integration\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, current robotic systems struggle to adapt quickly to new tasks, often requiring extensive programming or numerous demonstrations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Figure used the capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to enable robots to generalize their behaviors on demand and perform tasks through natural language instructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solution presented is Helix, the model designed for controlling the entire humanoid upper body with high dexterity and speed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix comprises System 1 (S1) and System 2 (S2). S2 is a slower, internet-pre-trained VLM that focuses on scene understanding and language comprehension.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, S1 is a fast visuomotor policy that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003econverts\u003c/a\u003e the information from S2 into real-time robot actions. This division allows each system to operate optimally—S2 for thoughtful processing and S1 for quick execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix addresses several issues previous robotic approaches faced, including balancing speed and generalization, scalability to manage high-dimensional actions, and architectural simplicity using standard models,” according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, separating S1 and S2 enables independent improvements to each system without reliance on a shared observation or action space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA dataset of around 500 hours of teleoperated behaviors was collected to train Helix, utilizing an auto-labeling VLM to generate natural language instructions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe architecture involves a 7B-parameter VLM and an 80M parameter transformer for control, processing visual inputs to enable responsive control based on the latent representations generated by the VLM.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike earlier robot systems, Helix can generate long-horizon, collaborative, dexterous manipulation on the fly without any task-specific demonstrations or extensive manual programming, according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix displays strong object generalization, being able to pick up thousands of novel household items with varying shapes, sizes, colors, and material properties never encountered before in training simply by asking in natural language.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This represents a transformative step forward in how Figure scales humanoid robot behaviors—one that we believe will be pivotal as our robots increasingly assist in everyday home environments,\u0026#8221; Figure \u003ca href=\"https://www.figure.ai/news/helix\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T43a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;ve been working on this project for over a year, aiming to solve general robotics. Like a human, Helix understands speech, reasons through problems, and can grasp any object \u0026#8211; all without needing training or code. In testing, Helix can grab almost any household object,” he added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe launch of Helix follows Figure\u0026#8217;s announcement of its separation from OpenAI in early February.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdcock stated at that time, “Figure has achieved a significant breakthrough in fully end-to-end robot AI, developed entirely in-house. We are excited to reveal something that no one has ever seen before in a humanoid within the next 30 days.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-series-of-the-world-s-first-capabilities\"\u003eA series of the world’s first capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, Helix introduces a novel approach to upper-body manipulation control.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt offers high-rate continuous control of the entire humanoid upper body, which includes the wrists, torso, head, and individual fingers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T656,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis level of control allows for more nuanced movements and interactions. Another important aspect of Helix is its capability for multi-robot collaboration.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can operate simultaneously on two robots, enabling them to work together on shared, long-term manipulation tasks involving objects they have not encountered before.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis feature significantly broadens the operational scope of robotics in complex environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, robots equipped with Helix can pick up a wide range of small household items, including many they have yet to encounter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Introducing Helix\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z3yQHYNXPws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ability is facilitated through natural language \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-shuns-openai-brain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eprompts\u003c/a\u003e, enhancing the ease of interaction and usability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix also employs a distinctive approach by utilizing a single set of neural network weights to learn various behaviors, such as picking and placing items, using drawers and refrigerators, and enabling cross-robot interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T43c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis eliminates the need for task-specific fine-tuning, streamlining the learning process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLastly, Helix operates entirely on embedded low-power GPUs, which makes it suitable for commercial deployment. This feature highlights its practicality for real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-robots-and-helix-integration\"\u003eRobots and Helix integration\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Figure, current robotic systems struggle to adapt quickly to new tasks, often requiring extensive programming or numerous demonstrations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Figure used the capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to enable robots to generalize their behaviors on demand and perform tasks through natural language instructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe solution presented is Helix, the model designed for controlling the entire humanoid upper body with high dexterity and speed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHelix comprises System 1 (S1) and System 2 (S2). S2 is a slower, internet-pre-trained VLM that focuses on scene understanding and language comprehension.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T481,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, S1 is a fast visuomotor policy that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003econverts\u003c/a\u003e the information from S2 into real-time robot actions. This division allows each system to operate optimally—S2 for thoughtful processing and S1 for quick execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix addresses several issues previous robotic approaches faced, including balancing speed and generalization, scalability to manage high-dimensional actions, and architectural simplicity using standard models,” according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, separating S1 and S2 enables independent improvements to each system without reliance on a shared observation or action space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA dataset of around 500 hours of teleoperated behaviors was collected to train Helix, utilizing an auto-labeling VLM to generate natural language instructions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe architecture involves a 7B-parameter VLM and an 80M parameter transformer for control, processing visual inputs to enable responsive control based on the latent representations generated by the VLM.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T1cf3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"NASA latest estimates raise the probability asteroid 2024 YR4 will impact Earth in 2032. How will scientists and engineers avert disaster?\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NASA latest estimates raise the probability asteroid 2024 YR4 will impact Earth in 2032. How will scientists and engineers avert disaster?\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T14:47:32+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T09:13:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778\"},\"headline\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-19T14:47:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T09:13:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\"},\"wordCount\":1183,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"caption\":\"An artist's impression of an asteroid impacting Earth.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Aerospace\",\"Asteroid 2024 YR4\",\"Space\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Beyond Earth\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"name\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-19T14:47:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T09:13:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"NASA latest estimates raise the probability asteroid 2024 YR4 will impact Earth in 2032. 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While the odds of an Earth impact are low, scientists are still refining the probability estimates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest observation saw NASA raise the probability to 3.1 percent – more than double the original estimate. It is this uncertainty that has captured people\u0026#8217;s attention. How do we calculate these probabilities, and what do we do if we find out 2024 YR4 is headed to Earth? Let\u0026#8217;s take a look.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2024-yr4-revising-the-impact-probability\"\u003e2024 YR4: Revising the impact probability\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn January, NASA reported that the asteroid 2024 YR4 had a 1.2 percent probability of smashing into Earth on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven at 1.2 percent, 2024 YR4 passed the threshold (One percent) that requires an asteroid to be reported to several planetary defense authorities. These include the United Nations\u0026#8217; Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, the UN\u0026#8217;s Office for Outer Space Affairs, and the US Office of Science and Technology Policy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn February 12, the US space agency almost doubled the probability to 2.3 percent. Its latest report today, February 19, states there is a 3.1 percent chance that 2024 YR4 will impact our planet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2014, two UN-endorsed groups have dealt with potentially hazardous space rocks: the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), chaired by NASA, and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG), chaired by the European Space Agency (ESA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth use a network of ground and space observatories to detect and track near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). In March this year, NASA will train its most powerful space observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope, on 2024 YR4. Before it flies out toward Jupiter, where it will be difficult to observe, Webb will study the asteroid’s size, trajectory, and composition. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-best-and-worst-case-scenarios\"\u003eThe best and worst-case scenarios\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe worst-case scenario is that 2024 YR4 will impact a city on Earth. In \u003ca href=\"https://tribune.com.pk/story/2529543/nasa-asteroid-2024-yr4-impact-risk-rises-to-31-potential-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ean interview\u003c/a\u003e with the \u003cem\u003eExpress Tribune\u003c/em\u003e, Richard Moissl, head of ESA’s planetary defense office, said, “[2024 YR4] is not the dinosaur killer. This is not a planet killer. This is, at most, dangerous for a city.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say it wouldn’t unleash devastating destruction if it were to impact a city. The estimated impact corridor for 2024 YR4 could see it hit South America, Africa, the Middle East, or South Asia. This area includes some of the world’s most populated cities, including Bogotá, Lagos, and Mumbai.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate 2024 YR4 to be between 130 and 300 feet (40–90 meters) wide. The asteroid could enter our atmosphere at speeds of approximately 64,370 km/h (40,000 mph). Its impact force would be approximately eight megatons of TNT, which is more than 500 times the power of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSurprisingly, the best-case scenario isn’t for 2024 YR4 to fly harmlessly past Earth. Instead, it would be best if 2024 YR4 impacted the Moon. Scientists have estimated a very small 0.3 percent probability that this could happen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf 2024 YR4 flew near Earth, it would continue its trajectory around the Sun and could impact Earth in the future. If the asteroid impacted the Moon, it would no longer be a concern. What\u0026#8217;s more, a predicted impact of the lunar asteroid would be a great opportunity for the scientific community. It would allow unprecedented observations of a large asteroid impact close to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-we-defend-earth-from-2024-yr4\"\u003eHow do we defend Earth from 2024 YR4?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe scientific community has prepared for scenarios like this in many ways. NASA\u0026#8217;s DART mission is the scientific community\u0026#8217;s most high-profile, real-world preparation. In 2022, the space agency flew a spacecraft 11 million kilometers (6.8 million miles) to the Didymos twin asteroid system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it reached its destination, NASA purposefully slammed the DART spacecraft into Didymos. It was the first kinetic impact test in history. In October of that year, the US space agency announced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-confirms-dart-test-was-successful\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emission was a success\u003c/a\u003e. The spacecraft significantly altered its target\u0026#8217;s motion in space, meaning we have a working method for planetary defense.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" alt=\"\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn artist\u0026#8217;s render of NASA\u0026#8217;s DART approaching its target. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, in collaboration with NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched its Hera mission to evaluate the DART impact zone further. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an October 2024 \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/dart-asteroid-hera-earth-planetary-defense\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einterview with IE\u003c/a\u003e, Hera mission principal investigator Patrick Michel said “Hera is a sort of detective that goes to the impact scene and investigates what happened and why. Thanks to this knowledge as well as code validations, we can then transpose and extrapolate to other scenarios.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf follow-up observations show we need to deflect 2024 YR4, the kinetic impact method demonstrated by DART will likely be the defense measure employed. China also has an asteroid redirection mission in the works, which is set to fly in 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-simulating-asteroid-impacts\"\u003eSimulating asteroid impacts\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile NASA\u0026#8217;s DART is the most ambitious and successful planetary defense test, the scientific community\u0026#8217;s preparations for an asteroid impact scenario go far beyond DART.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the US \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/nuclear-device-defend-planet-asteroids\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimulated a nuclear strike\u003c/a\u003e on an incoming asteroid. Their tests showed that a nuclear device could be used to avert or destroy an asteroid into smaller pieces that would break apart in our atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, a group of 100 scientists worked on a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-planetary-defense-global-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehypothetical scenario\u003c/a\u003e: They pretended they had never observed the asteroid Apophis. This allowed them to simulate a real scenario where the asteroid was detected only months before flying near Earth. Such scenarios help the scientific community know how to act in the event of a newly discovered hazardous space rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, detection plays a key role in defending our planet. The sooner an asteroid is deflected the further its new trajectory will take it away from Earth. Thankfully, in the case of 2024 YR4, the potential impact scenario won’t occur until 2032. This allows time for further observations. It would also allow preparation time for any deflection mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-at-risk-from-other-asteroids\"\u003eAre we at risk from other asteroids?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fear of asteroid impacts is comparable to the fear of flying. Though the probability of anything happening is exceedingly small, the vivid thought of such a catastrophic event can lead to irrational fears.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn truth, the probability that a large asteroid will impact Earth within our lifetimes is very small. Space debris burns up in our atmosphere every day. Any space rock with a diameter of roughly 33 feet (10 meters), will break apart in Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTaking 2024 YR4 out of the equation, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA estimates\u003c/a\u003e the probability of a \u0026#8216;city killer\u0026#8217; impacting Earth as 0.1 percent every year. If one strikes Earth, there is a 70 percent chance it will land in the ocean and a 25 percent chance it will land over a relatively unpopulated area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2024 YR4 is a rare case, but it will most likely fly harmlessly past Earth. Of course, NASA, ESA, and China will continue to observe the asteroid and revise their estimates. If the probability of its hitting Earth continues to rise, we may be set for the first non-test asteroid deflection mission in history.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T465,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe latest observation saw NASA raise the probability to 3.1 percent – more than double the original estimate. It is this uncertainty that has captured people\u0026#8217;s attention. How do we calculate these probabilities, and what do we do if we find out 2024 YR4 is headed to Earth? Let\u0026#8217;s take a look.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2024-yr4-revising-the-impact-probability\"\u003e2024 YR4: Revising the impact probability\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn January, NASA reported that the asteroid 2024 YR4 had a 1.2 percent probability of smashing into Earth on December 22, 2032.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven at 1.2 percent, 2024 YR4 passed the threshold (One percent) that requires an asteroid to be reported to several planetary defense authorities. These include the United Nations\u0026#8217; Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, the UN\u0026#8217;s Office for Outer Space Affairs, and the US Office of Science and Technology Policy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn February 12, the US space agency almost doubled the probability to 2.3 percent. Its latest report today, February 19, states there is a 3.1 percent chance that 2024 YR4 will impact our planet.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T4d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince 2014, two UN-endorsed groups have dealt with potentially hazardous space rocks: the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), chaired by NASA, and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG), chaired by the European Space Agency (ESA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth use a network of ground and space observatories to detect and track near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). In March this year, NASA will train its most powerful space observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope, on 2024 YR4. Before it flies out toward Jupiter, where it will be difficult to observe, Webb will study the asteroid’s size, trajectory, and composition. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-best-and-worst-case-scenarios\"\u003eThe best and worst-case scenarios\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe worst-case scenario is that 2024 YR4 will impact a city on Earth. In \u003ca href=\"https://tribune.com.pk/story/2529543/nasa-asteroid-2024-yr4-impact-risk-rises-to-31-potential-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ean interview\u003c/a\u003e with the \u003cem\u003eExpress Tribune\u003c/em\u003e, Richard Moissl, head of ESA’s planetary defense office, said, “[2024 YR4] is not the dinosaur killer. This is not a planet killer. This is, at most, dangerous for a city.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:T500,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s not to say it wouldn’t unleash devastating destruction if it were to impact a city. The estimated impact corridor for 2024 YR4 could see it hit South America, Africa, the Middle East, or South Asia. This area includes some of the world’s most populated cities, including Bogotá, Lagos, and Mumbai.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate 2024 YR4 to be between 130 and 300 feet (40–90 meters) wide. The asteroid could enter our atmosphere at speeds of approximately 64,370 km/h (40,000 mph). Its impact force would be approximately eight megatons of TNT, which is more than 500 times the power of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSurprisingly, the best-case scenario isn’t for 2024 YR4 to fly harmlessly past Earth. Instead, it would be best if 2024 YR4 impacted the Moon. Scientists have estimated a very small 0.3 percent probability that this could happen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf 2024 YR4 flew near Earth, it would continue its trajectory around the Sun and could impact Earth in the future. If the asteroid impacted the Moon, it would no longer be a concern. What\u0026#8217;s more, a predicted impact of the lunar asteroid would be a great opportunity for the scientific community. It would allow unprecedented observations of a large asteroid impact close to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T78a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-we-defend-earth-from-2024-yr4\"\u003eHow do we defend Earth from 2024 YR4?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe scientific community has prepared for scenarios like this in many ways. NASA\u0026#8217;s DART mission is the scientific community\u0026#8217;s most high-profile, real-world preparation. In 2022, the space agency flew a spacecraft 11 million kilometers (6.8 million miles) to the Didymos twin asteroid system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce it reached its destination, NASA purposefully slammed the DART spacecraft into Didymos. It was the first kinetic impact test in history. In October of that year, the US space agency announced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-confirms-dart-test-was-successful\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emission was a success\u003c/a\u003e. The spacecraft significantly altered its target\u0026#8217;s motion in space, meaning we have a working method for planetary defense.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" alt=\"\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn artist\u0026#8217;s render of NASA\u0026#8217;s DART approaching its target. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/pdco-dart.jpg\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLast year, in collaboration with NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched its Hera mission to evaluate the DART impact zone further. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn an October 2024 \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/dart-asteroid-hera-earth-planetary-defense\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003einterview with IE\u003c/a\u003e, Hera mission principal investigator Patrick Michel said “Hera is a sort of detective that goes to the impact scene and investigates what happened and why. Thanks to this knowledge as well as code validations, we can then transpose and extrapolate to other scenarios.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T5b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf follow-up observations show we need to deflect 2024 YR4, the kinetic impact method demonstrated by DART will likely be the defense measure employed. China also has an asteroid redirection mission in the works, which is set to fly in 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-simulating-asteroid-impacts\"\u003eSimulating asteroid impacts\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile NASA\u0026#8217;s DART is the most ambitious and successful planetary defense test, the scientific community\u0026#8217;s preparations for an asteroid impact scenario go far beyond DART.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the US \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/nuclear-device-defend-planet-asteroids\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esimulated a nuclear strike\u003c/a\u003e on an incoming asteroid. Their tests showed that a nuclear device could be used to avert or destroy an asteroid into smaller pieces that would break apart in our atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, a group of 100 scientists worked on a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-planetary-defense-global-threat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehypothetical scenario\u003c/a\u003e: They pretended they had never observed the asteroid Apophis. This allowed them to simulate a real scenario where the asteroid was detected only months before flying near Earth. Such scenarios help the scientific community know how to act in the event of a newly discovered hazardous space rock.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T59e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, detection plays a key role in defending our planet. The sooner an asteroid is deflected the further its new trajectory will take it away from Earth. Thankfully, in the case of 2024 YR4, the potential impact scenario won’t occur until 2032. This allows time for further observations. It would also allow preparation time for any deflection mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-we-at-risk-from-other-asteroids\"\u003eAre we at risk from other asteroids?\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fear of asteroid impacts is comparable to the fear of flying. Though the probability of anything happening is exceedingly small, the vivid thought of such a catastrophic event can lead to irrational fears.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn truth, the probability that a large asteroid will impact Earth within our lifetimes is very small. Space debris burns up in our atmosphere every day. Any space rock with a diameter of roughly 33 feet (10 meters), will break apart in Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTaking 2024 YR4 out of the equation, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA estimates\u003c/a\u003e the probability of a \u0026#8216;city killer\u0026#8217; impacting Earth as 0.1 percent every year. If one strikes Earth, there is a 70 percent chance it will land in the ocean and a 25 percent chance it will land over a relatively unpopulated area.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T1dca,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003e2024 YR4 ‘city-killer’ asteroid\u0026#039;s Earth collision risk jumps to 3.1%\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2024 YR4 ‘city-killer’ asteroid\u0026#039;s Earth collision risk jumps to 3.1%\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T08:54:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T08:54:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-4_e419d2.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"372\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-19T08:54:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T1477,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed 2024 YR4, this asteroid is estimated to be around 177 feet (54 meters) in diameter – about the size of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. Starting at 1.2% on February 7th, the likelihood rose to 2.3%, then 2.6%, and now stands at 3.1%. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the increased impact probability, there\u0026#8217;s still a 96.9% chance asteroid will miss Earth.\u0026nbsp;And as scientists gather more data, that probability is likely to decrease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-asteroid-s-risk-corridor\"\u003eAsteroid\u0026#8217;s risk corridor \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hazardous asteroid was first spotted in December 2024 by telescopes in Rio Hurtado, Chile, under the ATLAS project.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough not an extinction-level threat like the one faced by dinosaurs, it\u0026#8217;s large enough \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eto cause widespread devastation across a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecity likely\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential impact zone stretches across a vast area from the Pacific Ocean eastward through South America, the Atlantic, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWorryingly, this path intersects some of the most populous cities, such as Bogotá, Abidjan, Lagos, Khartoum, Mumbai, and Dhaka. This means it could be a potential threat to over \u003ca href=\"https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/2016127/nasa-asteroid-hit-earth-blast-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e100 million people\u003c/a\u003e residing in these regions. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, its potential impact would release approximately 8 megatons of energy, over 500 times the energy of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the asteroid is unlikely to hit Earth, it currently poses the greatest impact threat. As per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/space/asteroids/chance-of-city-killer-asteroid-2024-yr4-smashing-into-earth-rises-yet-again-to-3-1-percent-nasa-reports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLive Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, there’s also a small chance (0.3%) that it could hit the moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-james-webb-to-target-asteroid\"\u003eJames Webb to target asteroid \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e previously reported 2024 YR4 has a Torino Scale rating of 3, which suggests it requires extensive monitoring due to its greater than 1% chance of impacting the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s planetary defense blog identifies YR4 as the only known large asteroid with a probability of Earth impact exceeding 1%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther study of its trajectory is expected to reduce the impact probability to 0%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA precise understanding of the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit and size is essential to determine the actual danger it presents. The current estimates based on reflected light are not dependable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the James Webb Space Telescope will observe the asteroid and provide more precise data on its size and trajectory.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a race against time. Astronomers need to gather as much information as possible about the asteroid now because it will soon become too faint to observe with current telescopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-two-phases-observation\"\u003eTwo phases observation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEuropean Space Agency blog earlier revealed that the asteroid will be observed in two phases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first, in early March, when it\u0026#8217;s at its brightest, will be followed by a second round of observations in May.\u0026nbsp; The latter observations will help to refine its orbital calculations until it becomes visible again in 2028.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to NASA\u0026#8217;s Center of NEO Studies (CNEOS), this killer asteroid could pass relatively close to Earth on December 22, 2032, within 66,000 miles (106,200 kilometers).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOngoing observations and analysis will improve the understanding of the risk in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA has demonstrated the potential of the DART mission as a means of defense should the asteroid pose a more immediate threat to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T605,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the increased impact probability, there\u0026#8217;s still a 96.9% chance asteroid will miss Earth.\u0026nbsp;And as scientists gather more data, that probability is likely to decrease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-asteroid-s-risk-corridor\"\u003eAsteroid\u0026#8217;s risk corridor \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe hazardous asteroid was first spotted in December 2024 by telescopes in Rio Hurtado, Chile, under the ATLAS project.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough not an extinction-level threat like the one faced by dinosaurs, it\u0026#8217;s large enough \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eto cause widespread devastation across a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecity likely\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe potential impact zone stretches across a vast area from the Pacific Ocean eastward through South America, the Atlantic, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWorryingly, this path intersects some of the most populous cities, such as Bogotá, Abidjan, Lagos, Khartoum, Mumbai, and Dhaka. This means it could be a potential threat to over \u003ca href=\"https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/2016127/nasa-asteroid-hit-earth-blast-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e100 million people\u003c/a\u003e residing in these regions. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T7ce,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, its potential impact would release approximately 8 megatons of energy, over 500 times the energy of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the asteroid is unlikely to hit Earth, it currently poses the greatest impact threat. As per \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/space/asteroids/chance-of-city-killer-asteroid-2024-yr4-smashing-into-earth-rises-yet-again-to-3-1-percent-nasa-reports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLive Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, there’s also a small chance (0.3%) that it could hit the moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-james-webb-to-target-asteroid\"\u003eJames Webb to target asteroid \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e previously reported 2024 YR4 has a Torino Scale rating of 3, which suggests it requires extensive monitoring due to its greater than 1% chance of impacting the planet. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s planetary defense blog identifies YR4 as the only known large asteroid with a probability of Earth impact exceeding 1%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurther study of its trajectory is expected to reduce the impact probability to 0%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA precise understanding of the asteroid\u0026#8217;s orbit and size is essential to determine the actual danger it presents. The current estimates based on reflected light are not dependable.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T442,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the James Webb Space Telescope will observe the asteroid and provide more precise data on its size and trajectory.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a race against time. Astronomers need to gather as much information as possible about the asteroid now because it will soon become too faint to observe with current telescopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-two-phases-observation\"\u003eTwo phases observation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEuropean Space Agency blog earlier revealed that the asteroid will be observed in two phases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first, in early March, when it\u0026#8217;s at its brightest, will be followed by a second round of observations in May.\u0026nbsp; The latter observations will help to refine its orbital calculations until it becomes visible again in 2028.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to NASA\u0026#8217;s Center of NEO Studies (CNEOS), this killer asteroid could pass relatively close to Earth on December 22, 2032, within 66,000 miles (106,200 kilometers).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOngoing observations and analysis will improve the understanding of the risk in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T1f3a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEuropean Space Agency clears world’s first ‘parastronaut’ for mission\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#039;s \u0026quot;Fly!\u0026quot; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an astronaut with a disability to the ISS.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"European Space Agency clears world’s first ‘parastronaut’ for mission\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#039;s \u0026quot;Fly!\u0026quot; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an astronaut with a disability to the ISS.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T12:31:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T12:31:48+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-2_171c25.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\"},\"wordCount\":596,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-2_171c25.jpg\",\"caption\":\"John McFall inside a mockup of Europe’s Columbus laboratory for the International Space Station. 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At 19, a motorcycle accident led to the loss of his right leg. But he didn\u0026#8217;t let it hold him back.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe returned to running, becoming a successful Paralympic sprinter, winning bronze at the 2008 Beijing Games. He then transitioned to a career as an orthopedic surgeon. Now, he\u0026#8217;s adding \u0026#8220;astronaut\u0026#8221; to his incredible list of achievements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s (ESA) first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One of the roles of an astronaut is to do important science in microgravity whilst working in space and it’s really my hope that if I get the chance to fly we realize what we do in space, the things we learn, the problems we solve, the technology that we develop has a trickle-down effect and benefits people here on earth in wider society,” said McFall.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-esa-s-fly-study\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;s Fly study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8220;Fly!\u0026#8221; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eastronaut with a disability \u003c/a\u003eto the ISS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study explores five main domains of the process: medical, training, crew support, spacecraft operations, and ISS operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall completed a rigorous medical evaluation, demonstrating his ability to perform all necessary mission tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study completed in late 2024 has shown that a person with a physical disability can travel to the ISS for a six-month mission as a full astronaut. The next step is the \u0026#8220;Fly! Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚴‍♂️💫 Cycling into the future of spaceflight!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs part of ESA’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Fly?src=hash\u0026amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e#Fly\u003c/a\u003e! initiative, member of the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esa?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e@esa\u003c/a\u003e astronaut reserve John McFall put his prosthesis to the test—cycling 🚲 in a -6° head-down position 🔄 to study how fluid shifts in microgravity might affect the fit.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e🌍🚀 Find… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NWfQ5qigdk\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NWfQ5qigdk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Human Spaceflight (@esaspaceflight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esaspaceflight/status/1885223120711409797?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJanuary 31, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s great that we can say after a huge amount of work in the last 18 months that we have demonstrated that it’s technically possible for someone with a disability like mine to fly on a long duration mission,” McFall said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“And now we’re progressing to the next phase and what we want to do is realise that opportunity to fly, so moving forward, we’re moving into the Mission Ready phase,” he added in the UK space agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-astronaut-with-a-disability-cleared-for-space-station-mission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026#8220;Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase will focus on hardware certification, identifying potential ISS science experiments, and, most importantly, obtaining medical certification for a long-duration mission. This phase is crucial for making a potential flight a reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Do Astronauts Eat and Drink in Space?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/8R7cOlSkay0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-he-is-awaiting-iss-mission-assignment\"\u003eHe is awaiting ISS mission assignment \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall from Cardiff is a father of three. There\u0026#8217;s no set date for McFall\u0026#8217;s ISS mission; he\u0026#8217;s now in the queue for a mission assignment, like all astronauts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis achievement marks a significant moment in human spaceflight history. It demonstrates that space is for everyone, regardless of physical limitations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“John is today certified as an astronaut who can fly on a long-duration mission on the International Space Station, and I think this is an incredible step ahead in our ambition to broaden the access to society to space,” Daniel Neuenschwander, ESA’s director of human and robotic exploration, told the press.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;\u003c/a\u003es commitment to inclusion shines brightly, contrasting with recent moves in the US, where Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives face challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T472,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s (ESA) first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One of the roles of an astronaut is to do important science in microgravity whilst working in space and it’s really my hope that if I get the chance to fly we realize what we do in space, the things we learn, the problems we solve, the technology that we develop has a trickle-down effect and benefits people here on earth in wider society,” said McFall.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-esa-s-fly-study\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;s Fly study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2022, he was chosen for the ESA\u0026#8217;s \u0026#8220;Fly!\u0026#8221; study, which examined the difficulties of sending an \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eastronaut with a disability \u003c/a\u003eto the ISS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study explores five main domains of the process: medical, training, crew support, spacecraft operations, and ISS operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall completed a rigorous medical evaluation, demonstrating his ability to perform all necessary mission tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:T70f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study completed in late 2024 has shown that a person with a physical disability can travel to the ISS for a six-month mission as a full astronaut. The next step is the \u0026#8220;Fly! Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"\u003e\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e🚴‍♂️💫 Cycling into the future of spaceflight!\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs part of ESA’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Fly?src=hash\u0026amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e#Fly\u003c/a\u003e! initiative, member of the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esa?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e@esa\u003c/a\u003e astronaut reserve John McFall put his prosthesis to the test—cycling 🚲 in a -6° head-down position 🔄 to study how fluid shifts in microgravity might affect the fit.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e🌍🚀 Find… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/NWfQ5qigdk\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epic.twitter.com/NWfQ5qigdk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u0026mdash; Human Spaceflight (@esaspaceflight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/esaspaceflight/status/1885223120711409797?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJanuary 31, 2025\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s great that we can say after a huge amount of work in the last 18 months that we have demonstrated that it’s technically possible for someone with a disability like mine to fly on a long duration mission,” McFall said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“And now we’re progressing to the next phase and what we want to do is realise that opportunity to fly, so moving forward, we’re moving into the Mission Ready phase,” he added in the UK space agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-astronaut-with-a-disability-cleared-for-space-station-mission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T661,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026#8220;Mission Ready\u0026#8221; phase will focus on hardware certification, identifying potential ISS science experiments, and, most importantly, obtaining medical certification for a long-duration mission. This phase is crucial for making a potential flight a reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Do Astronauts Eat and Drink in Space?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/8R7cOlSkay0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-he-is-awaiting-iss-mission-assignment\"\u003eHe is awaiting ISS mission assignment \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall from Cardiff is a father of three. There\u0026#8217;s no set date for McFall\u0026#8217;s ISS mission; he\u0026#8217;s now in the queue for a mission assignment, like all astronauts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis achievement marks a significant moment in human spaceflight history. It demonstrates that space is for everyone, regardless of physical limitations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“John is today certified as an astronaut who can fly on a long-duration mission on the International Space Station, and I think this is an incredible step ahead in our ambition to broaden the access to society to space,” Daniel Neuenschwander, ESA’s director of human and robotic exploration, told the press.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T1f06,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Extraterrestrial Power\u0026#039;s new innovation allows space-grade solar cells to be mass produced alongside terrestrial solar cells.\" 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:19:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"de:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e2:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e3:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e4:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e5:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e6:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e7:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e8:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e9:T1cca,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSodium battery that can outperform lithium achieves theoretical limits\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a sodium-ion battery with a TAQ cathode, offering comparable performance to lithium-ion batteries.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sodium battery that can outperform lithium achieves theoretical limits\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a sodium-ion battery with a TAQ cathode, offering comparable performance to lithium-ion batteries.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:43:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:43:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1c3ba13ba504d78a3c896651fc6291c6\"},\"headline\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\"},\"wordCount\":574,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"caption\":\"The battery material shows strong performance in both energy and power delivery. 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(Representational image)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"contact@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ea:T1302,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Dincă Group from Princeton University have developed a sodium-ion battery that utilizes a new organic cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), which has shown remarkable energy performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The battery can store the same amount of energy within a much shorter charging time, or can store much more energy within the same charging time,” said Tianyang Chen, Dincă Group Ph.D. and first author on the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovative technology has significant implications for various applications, including electric vehicles, data centers, and renewable energy systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-limitations-of-current-batteries\"\u003eAddressing limitations of current batteries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis development addresses limitations associated with current energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries, while widely used, rely on lithium, a resource with limited availability and complex supply chains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogel-electrolyte-aqueous-batteries\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSodium-ion batteries\u003c/a\u003e, on the other hand, offer a more sustainable and affordable solution. Sodium is abundant and widely available, reducing reliance on scarce resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy utilizing sodium-ion technology, the negative environmental impact of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenergy storage\u003c/a\u003e can be mitigated, and a more stable supply chain can be ensured. However, they also suffer from several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“While scientists have made some progress with sodium-ion batteries, hurdles arise largely because of their low energy density: they have shorter battery-run times relative to their size,” added the researchers in a press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis limitation has hindered their widespread adoption in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Energy density is something on a lot of people’s minds because you can equate it with how much juice you get in a battery. The more energy density you have, the farther your car goes before you have to recharge it,” remarked Mircea Dincă, the Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eTAQ cathode material could be a solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Dincă Group\u0026#8217;s new cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), addresses these limitations. TAQ exhibits exceptional performance in both energy and power density, which could even surpass traditional lithium-ion cathodes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough enables sodium-ion batteries to compete with lithium-ion batteries in terms of performance and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior research by the group explored TAQ\u0026#8217;s use in lithium-ion batteries. This investigation revealed specific properties of TAQ, including insolubility and conductivity.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese properties are relevant to the material\u0026#8217;s performance within a battery. Insolubility contributes to the stability of the cathode, preventing its breakdown during battery operation. Conductivity facilitates electron flow, a critical process for energy storage and release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings prompted further study of TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential in sodium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructing a sodium-ion battery with TAQ required design modifications. The transition from lithium-ion to sodium-ion technology involves distinct engineering considerations.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers spent a year adapting existing methods to accommodate the specific requirements of sodium-ion chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003ePerformance metrics and potential\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe resulting battery demonstrated performance close to its theoretical maximum capacity. This suggests TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential for practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The binder we chose, carbon nanotubes, facilitates the mixing of TAQ crystallites and carbon black particles, leading to a homogeneous electrode,” explained Chen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis optimized structure allows for nearly 100% utilization of the active material, pushing the battery\u0026#8217;s performance close to its theoretical limits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the new battery showed impressive performance metrics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 355 mAh/g per formula unit, enabled by a four-electron redox process, and achieves an electrode-level energy density of 606 Wh/kg (90 wt % active material) along with excellent cycling stability,” concluded \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.4c17713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe study\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese figures underscore the potential of this technology to compete with and eventually surpass existing lithium-ion batteries in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"eb:T56f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovative technology has significant implications for various applications, including electric vehicles, data centers, and renewable energy systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-limitations-of-current-batteries\"\u003eAddressing limitations of current batteries\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis development addresses limitations associated with current energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries, while widely used, rely on lithium, a resource with limited availability and complex supply chains. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogel-electrolyte-aqueous-batteries\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eSodium-ion batteries\u003c/a\u003e, on the other hand, offer a more sustainable and affordable solution. Sodium is abundant and widely available, reducing reliance on scarce resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy utilizing sodium-ion technology, the negative environmental impact of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eenergy storage\u003c/a\u003e can be mitigated, and a more stable supply chain can be ensured. However, they also suffer from several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“While scientists have made some progress with sodium-ion batteries, hurdles arise largely because of their low energy density: they have shorter battery-run times relative to their size,” added the researchers in a press release.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ec:T423,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis limitation has hindered their widespread adoption in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Energy density is something on a lot of people’s minds because you can equate it with how much juice you get in a battery. The more energy density you have, the farther your car goes before you have to recharge it,” remarked Mircea Dincă, the Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eTAQ cathode material could be a solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Dincă Group\u0026#8217;s new cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), addresses these limitations. TAQ exhibits exceptional performance in both energy and power density, which could even surpass traditional lithium-ion cathodes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough enables sodium-ion batteries to compete with lithium-ion batteries in terms of performance and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior research by the group explored TAQ\u0026#8217;s use in lithium-ion batteries. This investigation revealed specific properties of TAQ, including insolubility and conductivity.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ed:T471,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese properties are relevant to the material\u0026#8217;s performance within a battery. Insolubility contributes to the stability of the cathode, preventing its breakdown during battery operation. Conductivity facilitates electron flow, a critical process for energy storage and release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese findings prompted further study of TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential in sodium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConstructing a sodium-ion battery with TAQ required design modifications. The transition from lithium-ion to sodium-ion technology involves distinct engineering considerations.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers spent a year adapting existing methods to accommodate the specific requirements of sodium-ion chemistry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003ePerformance metrics and potential\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe resulting battery demonstrated performance close to its theoretical maximum capacity. This suggests TAQ\u0026#8217;s potential for practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The binder we chose, carbon nanotubes, facilitates the mixing of TAQ crystallites and carbon black particles, leading to a homogeneous electrode,” explained Chen.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ee:T1e14,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBallbots\u0026#039; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new controller\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers developed a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots to offer lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ballbots\u0026#039; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new controller\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers developed a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots to offer lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:27:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T16:28:36+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ballbots.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/06382c4a82d2aeaaf803125928ac802d\"},\"headline\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; 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mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"contact@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ef:T1142,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have come up with a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots, a unique kind of robot that has great mobility and possesses the ability to go in all directions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe team led by researchers from Hanoi University of Industry, Vietnam, introduced a novel adaptive nonlinear PID (NPID) controller integrated with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for ballbots, offering lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers revealed that the initial settings of the proposed controller are selected through balancing composite motion optimization, and the adaptive control law is improved continuously during operation to handle the real-time estimation of the external force.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ballbots-with-advanced-controller-can-be-used-as-assistive-robots\"\u003eBallbots with advanced controller can be used as assistive robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Ballbots with this advanced controller can be used as assistive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e for tasks requiring high mobility and precision. For instance, they can assist individuals with mobility challenges in navigating complex environments,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Dr. Van-Truong Nguyen of Hanoi University of Industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;In addition, they can be used as service robots in dynamic settings such as restaurants, hospitals, or airports, offering smooth navigation.” Further, he adds, “The robust self-balancing capabilities can be applied to delivery robots that need to operate efficiently despite unpredictable forces like wind or uneven terrain.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-research-addresses-challenges-in-controlling-nonlinear-and-dynamic-settings\"\u003eResearch addresses challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic settings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers\u0026#8217; work addresses significant challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-with-human-level-intelligence-possible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esettings\u003c/a\u003e, focusing on reliability for broader adoption in industries requiring autonomous mobility solutions. By minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption, promoting sustainable robotics. This, in turn, enhances the reliability of ballbots, making them safer and viable for use in public and private spaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Overall, industries such as logistics, healthcare, and retail could benefit from robots equipped with our technology, improving efficiency and service quality while reducing human workload,” added Dr. Nguyen. Let us hope for future advancements in this research, enabling efficient use of robots in the real world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098624003008?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Direct\u003c/a\u003e, the hybrid NPID-RBFNN controller offers a light-weight computation and chattering while providing high robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erevealed\u003c/a\u003e that it provides excellent features to control ballbots against counterpart approaches such as the conventional PID and conventional NPID, which preserve low robustness against disturbances, and sliding mode control (SMC), which provides higher chattering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, the ballbot systems pose unique challenges, particularly in the form of the difficulty of maintaining balance and stability in dynamic and uncertain environments. Traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers struggle with these challenges, and other advanced methods, like sliding mode control, introduce issues like chattering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo, there was a need to develop a controller that combines the simplicity and adaptability of PID with the learning capabilities of the now-popular neural networks, providing a robust solution to real-world robotic mobility problems.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f0:T402,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-mimic-ronaldo-lebron-james\"\u003eHumanoid robot executes Ronaldo's spin, Kobe's ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/watch-se01-humanoid-robot-walk\"\u003eChina's humanoid robot stuns experts with 'unreal' human- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\"\u003eBYD's China factory employs Walker S1 humanoid robot ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f1:T557,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers revealed that the initial settings of the proposed controller are selected through balancing composite motion optimization, and the adaptive control law is improved continuously during operation to handle the real-time estimation of the external force.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ballbots-with-advanced-controller-can-be-used-as-assistive-robots\"\u003eBallbots with advanced controller can be used as assistive robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Ballbots with this advanced controller can be used as assistive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e for tasks requiring high mobility and precision. For instance, they can assist individuals with mobility challenges in navigating complex environments,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Dr. Van-Truong Nguyen of Hanoi University of Industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;In addition, they can be used as service robots in dynamic settings such as restaurants, hospitals, or airports, offering smooth navigation.” Further, he adds, “The robust self-balancing capabilities can be applied to delivery robots that need to operate efficiently despite unpredictable forces like wind or uneven terrain.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f2:T77a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-research-addresses-challenges-in-controlling-nonlinear-and-dynamic-settings\"\u003eResearch addresses challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic settings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers\u0026#8217; work addresses significant challenges in controlling nonlinear and dynamic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-with-human-level-intelligence-possible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esettings\u003c/a\u003e, focusing on reliability for broader adoption in industries requiring autonomous mobility solutions. By minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption, promoting sustainable robotics. This, in turn, enhances the reliability of ballbots, making them safer and viable for use in public and private spaces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“Overall, industries such as logistics, healthcare, and retail could benefit from robots equipped with our technology, improving efficiency and service quality while reducing human workload,” added Dr. Nguyen. Let us hope for future advancements in this research, enabling efficient use of robots in the real world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098624003008?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eScience Direct\u003c/a\u003e, the hybrid NPID-RBFNN controller offers a light-weight computation and chattering while providing high robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erevealed\u003c/a\u003e that it provides excellent features to control ballbots against counterpart approaches such as the conventional PID and conventional NPID, which preserve low robustness against disturbances, and sliding mode control (SMC), which provides higher chattering.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f3:T402,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-mimic-ronaldo-lebron-james\"\u003eHumanoid robot executes Ronaldo's spin, Kobe's ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/watch-se01-humanoid-robot-walk\"\u003eChina's humanoid robot stuns experts with 'unreal' human- ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\"\u003eBYD's China factory employs Walker S1 humanoid robot ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f4:T202e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWatch creepy humanoid robot twitch and move with human-like skeleton\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Poland\u0026#039;s Clone Robotics reveals Protoclone V1, a lifelike android with 200+ degrees of 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property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:38:51+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:38:59+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-20T135559.582.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" 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unease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm claims its Protclone V1 is the world’s first bipedal, musculoskeletal android. Clone’s Myofiber technology uses artificial muscles to move the skeleton by attaching them to precise bone points, like animals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December, Clone entered the competitive humanoid robotics market with its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/clone-alpha-humanoid-robot-unveiled-poland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edebut\u003c/a\u003e of Clone Alpha, its first full-scale humanoid robot. Earlier, the firm also unveiled a humanoid torso capable of human-like movements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-instagram wp-block-embed-instagram\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003cblockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned data-instgrm-permalink=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:500px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:16px;\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" display: flex; 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font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\"\u003eView this post on Instagram\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: auto;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cp style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eA post shared by Clone (@clonerobotics)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.instagram.com/en_US/embeds.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-biomimetic-robotics\"\u003eBiomimetic robotics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a 40-second video posted on social media, the Protoclone is shown suspended in a workshop, performing dynamic movements with its face hidden behind a black, reflective mask. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Protoclone prototype currently uses pneumatics but will switch to hydraulic systems as development advances. Unlike other humanoid robots, it features synthetic systems replicating human skeletal, muscular, vascular, and nervous structures. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics claims it is the first bipedal, musculoskeletal android, though the University of Tokyo’s JSK Lab introduced a similar humanoid, Kengoro, in 2017. However, Kengoro was designed as a research tool, while Clone Robotics aims for commercial applications, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/clone-robotics-unveils-synthetic-human-prototype-sparking-awe-and-unease/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDimsum Daily\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone specializes in biomimetic robotics, whereas others like Tesla create bots for domestic chores. It was established in 2021 to emulate the strength and agility of biological creatures, addressing the difficult task of human body mimicry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Clone Alpha Teaser\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/C6u08rIa8o4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company began by building a robotic hand that mimicked human function using artificial bones and muscles. Its thumb can easily catch a ball and rotate. Building on this, the team created a humanoid torso with realistic shoulder joints, a cervical spine, and a moving elbow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone originally imitated human anatomy before enabling natural motion using artificial muscles, as opposed to creating movements around its robotic structure. The outcome is remarkably lifelike—almost uncanny in how much it resembles the human body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics has advanced its humanoid design to achieve natural walking by replacing rigid actuators with soft, water-powered artificial muscles. This shift enhances human-like movement, showcasing the company\u0026#8217;s growing expertise in robotics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realistic-android-motion\"\u003eRealistic android motion\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone is advancing humanoid robotics with its Myofiber artificial muscle technology, designed to animate a full skeleton by attaching musculotendon units at anatomically accurate points. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese monolithic units eliminate tendon failures and replicate mammalian skeletal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-engineers-flexure-robotic-muscle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emuscles\u003c/a\u003e, achieving response times under 50ms, over 30 percent unloaded contraction, and at least 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of contraction force for a 3-gram muscle fiber. According to Clone Robotics, Myofiber is unmatched in power, speed, and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Torso by Clone | Bimanual Android with Artificial Muscles\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/5mSE6Tkhy4g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Alpha \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eandroid\u003c/a\u003e’s skeleton closely mirrors human anatomy, featuring all 206 bones with minor fusions, fully articulated joints, and artificial ligaments. Precise ligament and tendon placement enables 164 degrees of freedom in the upper torso, including 20 in the shoulder, 6 per vertebra in the spine, and 26 across the hand, wrist, and elbow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts nervous system allows real-time muscle control using proprioceptive and visual feedback. The system includes 4 depth cameras, 70 inertial sensors, and 320 pressure sensors, connected to microcontrollers that transmit data to an NVIDIA Jetson Thor GPU running Clone’s Cybernet model. A 500-watt electric pump powers the vascular system, delivering hydraulic pressure efficiently with Aquajet valve technology, ensuring lifelike motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f6:T2173,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn December, Clone entered the competitive humanoid robotics market with its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/clone-alpha-humanoid-robot-unveiled-poland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edebut\u003c/a\u003e of Clone Alpha, its first full-scale humanoid robot. Earlier, the firm also unveiled a humanoid torso capable of human-like movements. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-instagram wp-block-embed-instagram\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003cblockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned data-instgrm-permalink=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:500px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:16px;\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" display: flex; 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font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\"\u003eView this post on Instagram\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"margin-left: auto;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cp style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?utm_source=ig_embed\u0026amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eA post shared by Clone (@clonerobotics)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.instagram.com/en_US/embeds.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-biomimetic-robotics\"\u003eBiomimetic robotics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a 40-second video posted on social media, the Protoclone is shown suspended in a workshop, performing dynamic movements with its face hidden behind a black, reflective mask. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Protoclone prototype currently uses pneumatics but will switch to hydraulic systems as development advances. Unlike other humanoid robots, it features synthetic systems replicating human skeletal, muscular, vascular, and nervous structures. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics claims it is the first bipedal, musculoskeletal android, though the University of Tokyo’s JSK Lab introduced a similar humanoid, Kengoro, in 2017. However, Kengoro was designed as a research tool, while Clone Robotics aims for commercial applications, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/clone-robotics-unveils-synthetic-human-prototype-sparking-awe-and-unease/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDimsum Daily\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f7:T634,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone specializes in biomimetic robotics, whereas others like Tesla create bots for domestic chores. It was established in 2021 to emulate the strength and agility of biological creatures, addressing the difficult task of human body mimicry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Clone Alpha Teaser\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/C6u08rIa8o4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company began by building a robotic hand that mimicked human function using artificial bones and muscles. Its thumb can easily catch a ball and rotate. Building on this, the team created a humanoid torso with realistic shoulder joints, a cervical spine, and a moving elbow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone originally imitated human anatomy before enabling natural motion using artificial muscles, as opposed to creating movements around its robotic structure. The outcome is remarkably lifelike—almost uncanny in how much it resembles the human body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone Robotics has advanced its humanoid design to achieve natural walking by replacing rigid actuators with soft, water-powered artificial muscles. This shift enhances human-like movement, showcasing the company\u0026#8217;s growing expertise in robotics.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f8:T717,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-realistic-android-motion\"\u003eRealistic android motion\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClone is advancing humanoid robotics with its Myofiber artificial muscle technology, designed to animate a full skeleton by attaching musculotendon units at anatomically accurate points. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese monolithic units eliminate tendon failures and replicate mammalian skeletal \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-engineers-flexure-robotic-muscle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emuscles\u003c/a\u003e, achieving response times under 50ms, over 30 percent unloaded contraction, and at least 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of contraction force for a 3-gram muscle fiber. According to Clone Robotics, Myofiber is unmatched in power, speed, and efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Torso by Clone | Bimanual Android with Artificial Muscles\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/5mSE6Tkhy4g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Alpha \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-torso-clone-water-powered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eandroid\u003c/a\u003e’s skeleton closely mirrors human anatomy, featuring all 206 bones with minor fusions, fully articulated joints, and artificial ligaments. Precise ligament and tendon placement enables 164 degrees of freedom in the upper torso, including 20 in the shoulder, 6 per vertebra in the spine, and 26 across the hand, wrist, and elbow.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f9:T1e4e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS firm plans next-gen shipyard to build new unmanned military vessels\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Saronic Technologies plans to build Port Alpha, a manufacturing plant for large and medium autonomous surface vehicles, that can help the U.S. meet its military needs.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/saronic-next-gen-shipyard-port-alpha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US firm plans next-gen shipyard to build new unmanned military vessels\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Saronic Technologies plans to build Port Alpha, a manufacturing plant for large and medium autonomous surface vehicles, that can help the U.S. meet its military needs.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/saronic-next-gen-shipyard-port-alpha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:35:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T14:35:40+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/shipyard.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"fa:T15c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eAn Austin-based firm is planning to develop a next-generation shipyard capable of delivering new classes of unmanned ships at the speed and scale needed to protect and defend the maritime domain. Saronic Technologies\u0026#8217; plan to build Port Alpha got a push with recent funding of $600 million.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Series C funding round is expected to advance the company\u0026#8217;s mission of redefining maritime superiority for the United States and its allies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company claims that the Port Alpha, a manufacturing plant for large and medium uncrewed surface vehicles, will enable the expansion of Saronic’s Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) fleet into medium and large-class autonomous ships for defense applications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-to-strengthen-country-s-defense\"\u003eSaronic to strengthen country\u0026#8217;s defense\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this move, Saronic believes that it\u0026#8217;s addressing gaps in U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/alive-autonomous-vessel-war-zones-self-navigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshipbuilding\u003c/a\u003e capacity and investing in the critical infrastructure to deliver the range and volume of autonomous ships needed to create and sustain the U.S. military’s hybrid fleet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;A core principle of Saronic is that we design our vessels for autonomy from the keel up. We will take the same approach with Port Alpha, designing a shipyard from the ground up to produce at a speed and scale not seen since World War II,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/saronic-technologies/saronic-raises-600m-series-c-to-take-on-autonomous-shipbuilding-2fdf02800306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Saronic CEO\u003c/a\u003e and Co-Founder Dino Mavrookas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-port-alpha-will-reflect-the-apex-of-america-s-shipbuilding\"\u003ePort Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe feels that the Port Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding past — generating new opportunities for the country’s shipbuilding workforce, forging public-private partnerships to accelerate growth, and bringing innovation and ingenuity to an essential industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We will bring these elements together with a single goal: to rapidly build a fleet of autonomous vessels in America that redefine \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-navys-largest-autonomous-surface-ship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emaritime\u003c/a\u003e superiority and guarantees freedom of the seas for generations to come,\u0026#8221; added Mavrookas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company also highlighted that the U.S. Navy declared the need for a hybrid fleet — one that integrates a significant number of unmanned systems operating alongside manned platforms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transformation-in-how-advanced-companies-approach-shipbuilding\"\u003eTransformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAchieving this will require a transformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding and a dedicated focus on scaling the production of advanced technologies and autonomous systems that can extend the operational reach of the fleet, deter conflict, protect sailors and assets, and be quickly produced at a fraction of the cost, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.saronic.com/newsroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSaronic\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent funding round, which was led by Elad Gil and values the company at $4 billion, is expected to help the company achieve its mission. This most recent round quadrupled Saronic’s valuation just seven months after the company hit unicorn status in July 2024. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The last years have seen a degradation in the capacity for the United States to build ships and to manufacture core needs of the country. I am excited to back Saronic and its focus on revitalizing shipbuilding in America, while also building products to defend those interests,” said Elad Gil, CEO, Gil Capital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-invested-heavily-in-manufacturing-capabilities-for-its-small-asvs\"\u003eSaronic invested heavily in manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSaronic revealed that it invested heavily in developing and expanding its manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs (Autonomous Surface Vehicles) over the past two years. Port Alpha will build on that foundation and deliver an advanced waterside facility designed from the ground up around a first-principles approach to shipbuilding, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis approach will focus on eliminating inefficiencies, optimizing workflows, and creating a production system that maximizes quality, scalability, and speed. Saronic will leverage the processes and best practices that have revolutionized commercial manufacturing industries to redefine how ships are built in the autonomy era, as per a press release.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;As a founder of Palantir and Addepar, and an investor in every funding round at Anduril, I’ve seen many exceptional companies and intense cultures,\u0026#8221; said Joe Lonsdale, Founder and Managing Partner, 8VC.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Saronic goes toe to toe with any of these legendary companies on its exceptional talent, intensity of effort, and mission-driven passion. We are proud to have supported Dino from day 1. Saronic is one of the most important, and most impressive companies in the USA. It is critical to our national security, and to the future of the free world.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"fb:T40a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/worlds-first-autonomous-cargo-ship\"\u003eArtificial intelligence powered an autonomous cargo ship ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-liquid-hydrogen-autonomous-ship\"\u003eA hydrogen-powered autonomous ship could help ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/world-1st-autonomous-electric-ferry\"\u003eWorld-1st autonomous electric ferry aces 373-mile remote ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"q0vns\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"fc:T819,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-to-strengthen-country-s-defense\"\u003eSaronic to strengthen country\u0026#8217;s defense\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith this move, Saronic believes that it\u0026#8217;s addressing gaps in U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/alive-autonomous-vessel-war-zones-self-navigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshipbuilding\u003c/a\u003e capacity and investing in the critical infrastructure to deliver the range and volume of autonomous ships needed to create and sustain the U.S. military’s hybrid fleet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;A core principle of Saronic is that we design our vessels for autonomy from the keel up. We will take the same approach with Port Alpha, designing a shipyard from the ground up to produce at a speed and scale not seen since World War II,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/saronic-technologies/saronic-raises-600m-series-c-to-take-on-autonomous-shipbuilding-2fdf02800306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Saronic CEO\u003c/a\u003e and Co-Founder Dino Mavrookas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-port-alpha-will-reflect-the-apex-of-america-s-shipbuilding\"\u003ePort Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe feels that the Port Alpha will reflect the apex of America’s shipbuilding past — generating new opportunities for the country’s shipbuilding workforce, forging public-private partnerships to accelerate growth, and bringing innovation and ingenuity to an essential industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;We will bring these elements together with a single goal: to rapidly build a fleet of autonomous vessels in America that redefine \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-navys-largest-autonomous-surface-ship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emaritime\u003c/a\u003e superiority and guarantees freedom of the seas for generations to come,\u0026#8221; added Mavrookas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe company also highlighted that the U.S. Navy declared the need for a hybrid fleet — one that integrates a significant number of unmanned systems operating alongside manned platforms.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"fd:T4dd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transformation-in-how-advanced-companies-approach-shipbuilding\"\u003eTransformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAchieving this will require a transformation in how advanced companies approach shipbuilding and a dedicated focus on scaling the production of advanced technologies and autonomous systems that can extend the operational reach of the fleet, deter conflict, protect sailors and assets, and be quickly produced at a fraction of the cost, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.saronic.com/newsroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSaronic\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent funding round, which was led by Elad Gil and values the company at $4 billion, is expected to help the company achieve its mission. This most recent round quadrupled Saronic’s valuation just seven months after the company hit unicorn status in July 2024. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e“The last years have seen a degradation in the capacity for the United States to build ships and to manufacture core needs of the country. I am excited to back Saronic and its focus on revitalizing shipbuilding in America, while also building products to defend those interests,” said Elad Gil, CEO, Gil Capital.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"fe:T5f0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-saronic-invested-heavily-in-manufacturing-capabilities-for-its-small-asvs\"\u003eSaronic invested heavily in manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSaronic revealed that it invested heavily in developing and expanding its manufacturing capabilities for its small ASVs (Autonomous Surface Vehicles) over the past two years. Port Alpha will build on that foundation and deliver an advanced waterside facility designed from the ground up around a first-principles approach to shipbuilding, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis approach will focus on eliminating inefficiencies, optimizing workflows, and creating a production system that maximizes quality, scalability, and speed. Saronic will leverage the processes and best practices that have revolutionized commercial manufacturing industries to redefine how ships are built in the autonomy era, as per a press release.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;As a founder of Palantir and Addepar, and an investor in every funding round at Anduril, I’ve seen many exceptional companies and intense cultures,\u0026#8221; said Joe Lonsdale, Founder and Managing Partner, 8VC.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Saronic goes toe to toe with any of these legendary companies on its exceptional talent, intensity of effort, and mission-driven passion. We are proud to have supported Dino from day 1. Saronic is one of the most important, and most impressive companies in the USA. It is critical to our national security, and to the future of the free world.\u0026#8221;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ff:T40a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/worlds-first-autonomous-cargo-ship\"\u003eArtificial intelligence powered an autonomous cargo ship ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-liquid-hydrogen-autonomous-ship\"\u003eA hydrogen-powered autonomous ship could help ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/world-1st-autonomous-electric-ferry\"\u003eWorld-1st autonomous electric ferry aces 373-mile remote ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv 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Aerospace\",\"slug\":\"firefly-aerospace\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/firefly-aerospace\"},{\"name\":\"LISTER\",\"slug\":\"lister\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lister\"},{\"name\":\"Lunar\",\"slug\":\"lunar\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lunar\"},{\"name\":\"Moon\",\"slug\":\"moon\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/moon\"},{\"name\":\"NASA\",\"slug\":\"nasa\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nasa\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"},{\"name\":\"SpaceX\",\"slug\":\"spacex\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/spacex\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$20\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"NASA’s LISTER could reveal how the moon formed, pave way for lunar habitats\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eLISTER, which took off on Firefly Aerospace\u0026#8217;s lunar lander, will use compressed gas to drill into the moon\u0026#8217;s regolith in half-meter increments.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eLISTER, which took off on Firefly Aerospace\u0026#8217;s lunar lander, will use compressed gas to drill into the moon\u0026#8217;s regolith in half-meter increments.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":7561,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$21\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/computer-glitch-caused-firefly-aerospace-to-send-payload-to-wrong-orbit\\\"\u003eComputer glitch caused Firefly Aerospace to send payload to wrong orbit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/11-greatest-space-moments-of-2024\\\"\u003eStarship catch to private spacewalk: 11 historic space achievements of 2024\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/change6-historic-selfie-on-moons-far-side\\\"\u003e1st AI selfie on moon’s far side, China’s Chang’e-6 rover creates history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed\",\"slug\":\"nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-08T15:34:29\",\"timeAgo\":\"13 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-10T10:26:36\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 08, 2025 10:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 05:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Blue-Ghost.png\",\"title\":\"NASA’s LISTER could reveal how the moon formed, pave way for lunar habitats\",\"name\":\"NASA’s LISTER could reveal how the moon formed, pave way for lunar habitats\",\"alt_text\":\"NASA’s LISTER could reveal how the moon formed, pave way for lunar habitats\",\"description\":\"An artist's representation of Blue Ghost on the lunar surface.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasas-lexi-will-provide-x-ray-vision-of-earths-magnetosphere/\\\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eSo many missions have flown to the Moon in recent months that it’s hard to keep up.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFirefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost was one of two lunar landers blasted toward the lunar surface by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on January 15.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eRoughly a week after launch, \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-2025-space-missions\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eBlue Ghost\u003c/a\u003e fired its thrusters to propel itself out of Earth’s orbit and make its way to the moon. It will arrive in just over a month. Once there, it will release a host of different payloads, which will serve different purposes and constitute different missions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$22\",\"$23\",\"$24\",\"$25\",\"$26\",\"$27\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's representation of Blue Ghost on the lunar surface.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasas-lexi-will-provide-x-ray-vision-of-earths-magnetosphere/\\\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n 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ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-21T09:54:41\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 21, 2025 01:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 21, 2025 04:54 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-Photo-69-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"‘The Matrix’: Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for bureaucracy,’ slamming US spendings\",\"name\":\"‘The Matrix’: Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for bureaucracy,’ slamming US spendings\",\"alt_text\":\"‘The Matrix’: Elon Musk waves ‘chainsaw for bureaucracy,’ slamming US spendings\",\"description\":\"Elon Musk brandished a shiny, ornate chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Milei.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1892781341592391870\\\"\u003eElon Musk/X\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fc5736ab9393d2c6ebaefbed29ebd63?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\",\"description\":\"A versatile writer, Sujita has worked with Mashable Middle East and News Daily 24. When she isn't writing, you can find her glued to the latest web series and movies.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring his appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, D.C., Elon Musk wielded an ornate, shiny chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Javier Milei. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe chainsaw, a well-known emblem of Milei’s aggressive fiscal policies, served as a symbolic statement reinforcing support for significant government spending reductions in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWearing a black \u0026#8220;Make America Great Again\u0026#8221; hat, he addressed a gathering of Republican supporters, tying the chainsaw’s imagery to broader themes of economic efficiency and limited government intervention. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2a\",\"$2b\",\"$2c\",\"$2d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most affected locations was the Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas, which saw a 30% workforce reduction. This facility is responsible for reassembling nuclear warheads, one of the most sensitive roles in the nation’s nuclear weapons program.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn total, about 2,000 Department of Energy employees were let go as part of DOGE’s cost-cutting measures. Critics argue that these decisions could put national security at risk.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The DOGE people are coming in with absolutely no knowledge of what these departments are responsible for,” said Daryl Kimball, executive director of the Arms Control Association. “They don’t seem to realize that it’s actually the department of nuclear weapons more than it is the Department of Energy.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-waves-chainsaw\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Elon Musk brandished a shiny, ornate chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Milei.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1892781341592391870\\\"\u003eElon Musk/X\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/musk-associate-builds-ai-for-doge\\\"\u003e‘Less dumb’ reforms: Elon Musk aide builds DOGE AI for US government efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-not-doge-boss\\\"\u003eDOGE drama: White House dodges bullet, calls Elon Musk employee, not supreme leader\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/elon-musk-shadow-government\\\"\u003eInside US ‘shadow government’: Musk’s teen techies breaching data, toppling departments\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144621,\"tags\":[\"Defense \u0026amp; 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His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBWX Technologies has been awarded contracts totaling approximately $2.1 billion from the U.S. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis substantial investment aims to manufacture reactor components for the Columbia and Virginia submarines and Ford-class aircraft carriers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe production activities will occur across various BWXT facilities in Lynchburg, Virginia, Barberton, Euclid in Ohio, and Mount Vernon, Indiana, over the next seven years, commencing in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$30\",\"$31\",\"$32\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ongoing commitment to innovation and excellence in producing nuclear reactor components is poised to enhance the operational readiness of the U.S. naval fleet for years to come.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the recent contracts awarded to BWX Technologies epitomize the critical intersection of technology, national security, and industrial capability.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s endeavors in supporting nuclear propulsion solidify its position in the defense sector and contribute to the larger mission of ensuring a secure and free maritime environment for the United States and its allies.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"US Navy's Virginia-Class 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braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-submarine-sent-near-china\\\"\u003eUS sends nuclear-powered attack submarine to Navy base near China in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144624,\"tags\":[\"Cancer treatment\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear fallout\",\"nuclear 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\",\"description\":\"Radiation. The invisible killer that will get to you even if you survive a nuclear explosion. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/explosion-of-nuclear-bomb-gm471988643-30445224\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. Kaif's bylines can be found in Times of India, Techopedia, and Kitaab. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have developed a treatment that increases the survival rates of mice exposed to acute. This discovery has the potential to make cancer treatment safer and even improve the likelihood of survival in the event of nuclear war.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to SCMP, this new study uncovers that knocking out certain proteins that play an essential role in the body’s immune system, especially to prevent cancer or viruses, could provide significant protection against \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tardigrades-genetic-shield-against-radiation\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eradiation damage\u003c/a\u003e and even help improve cancer radiotherapy.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$35\",\"$36\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the journal Cell Death and Differentiation, the study found that normal mice suffered severe abdominal injuries. In contrast, mice lacking Sting exhibited significantly enhanced intestinal resilience, with their villi (tiny, finger-like projections that line the inner surface of the small intestine) density being 2.3 times higher. Moreover, the rate of cell death in these modified mice dropped from 45% to 12% following radiation exposure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSun highlighted the potential of therapies based on this discovery, noting that they could offer robust protection against radiation injury, improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy, and advance overall cancer treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-radiation-shield-study\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Radiation. 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It promises innovations like self-healing materials and safer chemical discoveries, paving the way for a quantum-powered future. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e#MicrosoftPartner #Microsoft #QuantumComputing #QuantumLeap #QuantumAI #AI\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMade in collaboration with Microsoft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/microsofts-majorana-1-a-quantum-leap\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"PCpo1Lml\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":true,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":\"2\",\"company_name\":\"Microsoft\",\"company_logo\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Microsoft.png\",\"company_logo_url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Microsoft.png?w=210\",\"sponsor_link\":\"https://www.microsoft.com/\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false,\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"PCpo1Lml\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"https://content.jwplatform.com/videos/PCpo1Lml.mp4\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"2025-02-20T18:20:31+00:00\",\"feed_video_description\":\"Microsoft’s Majorana 1 chip is changing quantum computing with topological superconductors, creating scalable, stable qubits. 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It promises innovations like self-healing materials and safer chemical discoveries, paving the way for a quantum-powered future. \",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\",\"app_video_link\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144510,\"tags\":[\"China\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Physics\",\"Superconductivity\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"Superconductivity\",\"slug\":\"superconductivity\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/superconductivity\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$44\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s new nickel superconductor works above threshold of -387°F at normal pressure\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe material transitioned into a superconducting state at about -228 degrees Celsius. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe material transitioned into a superconducting state at about -228 degrees Celsius. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3934,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$45\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-magnetic-field\\\"\u003eA new type of superconductivity welcomes magnetic fields\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-what-is-it-and-why-it-matters-to-our-future\\\"\u003eSuperconductivity: What Is It and Why It Matters to Our Future\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/miassite-unconventional-semiconductor\\\"\u003eThis unconventional superconductor is the first grown naturally\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/china-nickel-superconductor-works-above-threshold\",\"slug\":\"china-nickel-superconductor-works-above-threshold\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:53:29\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:55:00\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:53 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:55 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-9_5c8581.jpg\",\"title\":\"China\u0026#8217;s new nickel superconductor works above threshold of -387°F at normal pressure\",\"name\":\"China\u0026#8217;s new nickel superconductor works above threshold of -387°F at normal pressure\",\"alt_text\":\"China\u0026#8217;s new nickel superconductor works above threshold of -387°F at normal pressure\",\"description\":\"Physicists in China report the creation of a new nickel-based high-temperature superconductor at room pressure. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/superconductivity-gm1494782731-518008868\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003ePhysicists in China report the creation of a new nickel-based high-temperature superconductor at room pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this development comes from researchers at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, China. For this, the team created a nickel oxide thin film.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, this nickel-based superconductor can achieve superconductivity above -233°C (minus 387 Fahrenheit) at \u0026#8220;normal pressure.\u0026#8221; This is a rare achievement, with only cuprates and iron-based materials previously demonstrating this breakthrough.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$46\",\"$47\",\"$48\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eQikun also highlighted that this development represents a \u0026#8220;major innovation\u0026#8221; in China\u0026#8217;s pursuit of independent experimental technology. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductors have diverse \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-what-is-it-and-why-it-matters-to-our-future\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, including MRI machines, maglev trains, power transmission, and fusion reactors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were reported in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08755-z\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-nickel-superconductor-works-above-threshold\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Physicists in China report the creation of a new nickel-based high-temperature superconductor at room pressure. 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mimicking insect pauses significantly improves the drone’s odor-tracking accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eA \u0026#8216;stepped rotation algorithm\u0026#8217; mimicking insect pauses significantly improves the drone’s odor-tracking accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3607,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-makes-heavy-lift-drone\\\"\u003eWatch: YouTuber builds colossal drone that could lift 220 pounds of payload\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone\\\"\u003eUS unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flies-inspire-scent-detecting-drones\\\"\u003eFlies could inspire scent-detecting drones that sniff chemical leaks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\",\"slug\":\"drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:30:31\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:30:40\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:30 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:30 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-Photo-68-1.jpg\",\"title\":\"Bio-hybrid drone with moth antennae boosts odor tracking for rescue missions\",\"name\":\"Bio-hybrid drone with moth antennae boosts odor tracking for rescue missions\",\"alt_text\":\"Bio-hybrid drone with moth antennae boosts odor tracking for rescue missions\",\"description\":\"Silkworm moth-powered bio-hybrid drone boosts odor detection distance.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/large-agricultural-drone-in-flight-fertilizing-a-sown-field-gm2179211617-598447905\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fc5736ab9393d2c6ebaefbed29ebd63?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\",\"description\":\"A versatile writer, Sujita has worked with Mashable Middle East and News Daily 24. When she isn't writing, you can find her glued to the latest web series and movies.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional drones rely on visual sensors for navigation, but these systems struggle in low light, dusty, or damp environments. This limitation makes it difficult for drones to function effectively in disaster-stricken areas where visibility is compromised. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone that integrates silkworm moth antennae with robotic technology to enhance odor tracking and navigation capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4b\",\"$4c\",\"$4d\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Silkworm moth-powered bio-hybrid drone boosts odor detection distance.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/large-agricultural-drone-in-flight-fertilizing-a-sown-field-gm2179211617-598447905\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-makes-heavy-lift-drone\\\"\u003eWatch: YouTuber builds colossal drone that could lift 220 pounds of payload\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone\\\"\u003eUS unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flies-inspire-scent-detecting-drones\\\"\u003eFlies could inspire scent-detecting drones that sniff chemical leaks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144452,\"tags\":[\"Actuator\",\"Chinese Academy of Sciences\",\"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science\",\"Humanoid\",\"photothermal actuators\",\"Quadruped\",\"robot\",\"robot dog\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Actuator\",\"slug\":\"actuator\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/actuator\"},{\"name\":\"Chinese Academy of Sciences\",\"slug\":\"chinese-academy-of-sciences\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/chinese-academy-of-sciences\"},{\"name\":\"Hefei Institutes of Physical 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\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\",\"slug\":\"actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:07:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:10:33\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:07 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:10 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/acutator-robo.png\",\"title\":\"Leaf-vein inspired actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\",\"name\":\"Leaf-vein inspired actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\",\"alt_text\":\"Leaf-vein inspired actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\",\"description\":\"Leaf vein-inspired photothermal actuator balances speed, strength, and stability (left).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1061112\\\"\u003eLI Xiaofei/\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mobile-robot-dog-standing-in-a-high-tech-modern-industrial-facility-robot-prototype-gm1482147600-509214233\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003egorodenkoff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a photothermal actuator that combines rapid movement with remarkable load-carrying capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA team from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences created a superstructure liquid metal/low expansion actuator to address the shortcomings of previous designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe unique composition of the innovative actuator enables fast motion and strong load-bearing capabilities. To illustrate its capabilities, the researchers built a photo-activated robotic dog that can stand, swim, jump, and crawl.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also demonstrated applications in single-pole triple-throw switches and high-speed oscillators, highlighting the actuator’s versatility and efficiency. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$50\",\"$51\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-versatile-robotic-actuators\\\"\u003eVersatile robotic actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe load-carrying strength of thicker materials and the quick reaction of lightweight materials are successfully combined in the novel photothermal actuator design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe performance of the programmable actuators is outstanding. They have a bending angle of 159.05 ± 2.52°, oscillate at 19 Hz, respond at 60.96 ± 3.08°/s, and can handle weights 190 times their weight. According to the team, the innovation successfully addresses the strength versus speed trade-off that has long plagued photothermal actuator designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers created a photo-activated robotic dog that can crawl, jump, swim, and stand to show off the capabilities of these actuators. To demonstrate the adaptability of the actuators, they also created high-speed oscillators and single-pole triple-throw switches. By adding LM microspheres, the actuators become more stable and can last more than 20,800 cycles without breaking.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$52\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Leaf vein-inspired photothermal actuator balances speed, strength, and stability (left).\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1061112\\\"\u003eLI Xiaofei/\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mobile-robot-dog-standing-in-a-high-tech-modern-industrial-facility-robot-prototype-gm1482147600-509214233\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003egorodenkoff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/off-broadway-robot-star-unitree-g2\\\"\u003eRobot, Spy, Love of AI: China’s robot dog to make record theatrical debut in US\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cheetah-inspired-kemba-high-speed-running-robot-pneumatic-actuators\\\"\u003eCheetah-inspired robot ‘Kemba’ has pneumatic actuators to reach higher running 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-robots-to-pass-safety-tests\\\"\u003eFigure AI humanoid robots to pass brutal battery, safety tests before launch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\",\"slug\":\"figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:45:36\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T18:46:52\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:45 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 01:46 PM 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(Representative image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.figure.ai/\\\"\u003eFigure\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant move in the AI world, California-based Figure has revealed Helix, a generalist Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model that unifies perception, language understanding, and learned control to overcome multiple longstanding challenges in robotics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrett Adcock, founder of Figure, said that Helix is the most significant AI update in the company\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix thinks like a human… and to bring robots into homes, we need a step change in capabilities. Helix can generalize to virtually any household item,” Adcock said in a social media post.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$55\",\"$56\",\"$57\",\"$58\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike earlier robot systems, Helix can generate long-horizon, collaborative, dexterous manipulation on the fly without any task-specific demonstrations or extensive manual programming, according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHelix displays strong object generalization, being able to pick up thousands of novel household items with varying shapes, sizes, colors, and material properties never encountered before in training simply by asking in natural language.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This represents a transformative step forward in how Figure scales humanoid robot behaviors—one that we believe will be pivotal as our robots increasingly assist in everyday home environments,\u0026#8221; Figure \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.figure.ai/news/helix\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Figure AI's F02 robot. 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potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s latest estimate sees the probability of 2024 YR4 impacting Earth rising to 3.1 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s latest estimate sees the probability of 2024 YR4 impacting Earth rising to 3.1 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":7554,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/5-planetary-defense-systems-that-could-keep-us-safe-from-asteroids\\\"\u003e5 Planetary Defense Systems That Could Keep Us Safe From Asteroids\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\\\"\u003eWhat is the probability of a huge civilization-ending asteroid impact?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\\\"\u003e‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"slug\":\"2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-19T14:47:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T09:13:39\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 19, 2025 09:47 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 04:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"title\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"name\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"alt_text\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"description\":\"An artist's impression of an asteroid impacting Earth.\",\"reference\":\"solarseven / iStock\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChris Young’s Beyond Earth column explores the intersection of space technology and policy, providing thought-provoking commentary on the latest advancements and regulatory developments in the sector.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt doesn\u0026#8217;t get much bigger than a potential city destroyer.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOver the last few weeks, the asteroid 2024 YR4 has made waves in science and non-science news publications. While the odds of an Earth impact are low, scientists are still refining the probability estimates.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5b\",\"$5c\",\"$5d\",\"$5e\",\"$5f\",\"$60\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e2024 YR4 is a rare case, but it will most likely fly harmlessly past Earth. Of course, NASA, ESA, and China will continue to observe the asteroid and revise their estimates. If the probability of its hitting Earth continues to rise, we may be set for the first non-test asteroid deflection mission in history.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's impression of an asteroid impacting Earth.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"solarseven / iStock\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/5-planetary-defense-systems-that-could-keep-us-safe-from-asteroids\\\"\u003e5 Planetary Defense Systems That Could Keep Us Safe From Asteroids\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\\\"\u003eWhat is the probability of a huge civilization-ending asteroid impact?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\\\"\u003e‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/post-144163-speech-20250219142946.mp3\"},{\"id\":144024,\"tags\":[\"2024 YR4\",\"asteriod\",\"highest risk asteroid\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"2024 YR4\",\"slug\":\"2024-yr4\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/2024-yr4\"},{\"name\":\"asteriod\",\"slug\":\"asteriod\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/asteriod\"},{\"name\":\"highest risk 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EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-4_e419d2.jpg\",\"title\":\"‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\",\"name\":\"‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\",\"alt_text\":\"‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\",\"description\":\"NASA's estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/asteroid-impact-on-earth-meteor-in-collision-with-planet-contain-3d-rendering-gm1367201304-437529415?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed 2024 YR4, this asteroid is estimated to be around 177 feet (54 meters) in diameter – about the size of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. Starting at 1.2% on February 7th, the likelihood rose to 2.3%, then 2.6%, and now stands at 3.1%. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$63\",\"$64\",\"$65\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNASA has demonstrated the potential of the DART mission as a means of defense should the asteroid pose a more immediate threat to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"NASA's estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/asteroid-impact-on-earth-meteor-in-collision-with-planet-contain-3d-rendering-gm1367201304-437529415?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\\\"\u003e2024 YR4: China, NASA scramble to track ‘highest-risk’ asteroid\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\\\"\u003eFootball field-sized 'city killer' asteroid could hit Earth in 2032\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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McFall\",\"slug\":\"john-mcfall\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/john-mcfall\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$66\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3718,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$67\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\\\"\u003eWorld’s first astronaut with disability to begin training\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\\\"\u003eThe European Space Agency announces the world’s first disabled astronaut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hmnd-01-joins-humanoid-robot-race\\\"\u003eUK firm unleashes new humanoid robot with hands faster than humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\",\"slug\":\"john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:38\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:48\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 18, 2025 07:31 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 18, 2025 07:31 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-2_171c25.jpg\",\"title\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"name\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"alt_text\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"description\":\"John McFall inside a mockup of Europe’s Columbus laboratory for the International Space Station. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://blogs.esa.int/exploration/fly-expanding-space-opportunities/\\\"\u003eESA–P. Sebirot\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e43-year-old John McFall has become the world\u0026#8217;s first astronaut with a physical disability cleared for a long-duration mission to the International Space Station. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall’s journey is one of resilience and determination. At 19, a motorcycle accident led to the loss of his right leg. But he didn\u0026#8217;t let it hold him back.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHe returned to running, becoming a successful Paralympic sprinter, winning bronze at the 2008 Beijing Games. He then transitioned to a career as an orthopedic surgeon. Now, he\u0026#8217;s adding \u0026#8220;astronaut\u0026#8221; to his incredible list of achievements.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$68\",\"$69\",\"$6a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;\u003c/a\u003es commitment to inclusion shines brightly, contrasting with recent moves in the US, where Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives face challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"John McFall inside a mockup of Europe’s Columbus laboratory for the International Space Station. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://blogs.esa.int/exploration/fly-expanding-space-opportunities/\\\"\u003eESA–P. Sebirot\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\\\"\u003eWorld’s first astronaut with disability to begin training\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\\\"\u003eThe European Space Agency announces the world’s first disabled astronaut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hmnd-01-joins-humanoid-robot-race\\\"\u003eUK firm unleashes new humanoid robot with hands faster than humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143318,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$6b\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3429,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$6c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$6d\",\"$6e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$6f\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$70\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$71\",\"$72\",\"$73\",\"$74\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$75\",\"$76\",\"$77\",\"$78\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":144499,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Lithium batteries\",\"sodium batteries\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Lithium batteries\",\"slug\":\"lithium-batteries\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lithium-batteries\"},{\"name\":\"sodium batteries\",\"slug\":\"sodium-batteries\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sodium-batteries\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$79\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis development allows sodium-ion batteries to achieve comparable performance and efficiency to lithium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis development allows sodium-ion batteries to achieve comparable performance and efficiency to lithium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4209,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$7a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining\\\"\u003eChina’s BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-graphite-extraction-ev-batteries\\\"\u003eCrude oil to battery boost: US teams turn petroleum coke into graphite for EV power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\\\"\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: China’s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"slug\":\"sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:15\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:43 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:43 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"title\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"name\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"alt_text\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"description\":\"The battery material shows strong performance in both energy and power delivery. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-cars-battery-cells-are-ready-to-be-assembled-and-connected-in-series-gm2151053165-572182191?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003eNoah Saob\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a8260394272a3c62baa898aee75f910?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\",\"description\":\"An active and versatile journalist and news editor. He has covered regular and breaking news for several leading publications and news media, including The Hindu, Economic Times, Tomorrow Makers, and many more. Aman holds expertise in politics, travel, and tech news, especially in AI, advanced algorithms, and blockchain, with a strong curiosity about all things that fall under science and tech.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Dincă Group from Princeton University have developed a sodium-ion battery that utilizes a new organic cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), which has shown remarkable energy performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The battery can store the same amount of energy within a much shorter charging time, or can store much more energy within the same charging time,” said Tianyang Chen, Dincă Group Ph.D. and first author on the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7b\",\"$7c\",\"$7d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis optimized structure allows for nearly 100% utilization of the active material, pushing the battery\u0026#8217;s performance close to its theoretical limits.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the new battery showed impressive performance metrics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“It exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 355 mAh/g per formula unit, enabled by a four-electron redox process, and achieves an electrode-level energy density of 606 Wh/kg (90 wt % active material) along with excellent cycling stability,” concluded \u003ca href=\\\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.4c17713\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ethe study\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese figures underscore the potential of this technology to compete with and eventually surpass existing lithium-ion batteries in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The battery material shows strong performance in both energy and power delivery. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-cars-battery-cells-are-ready-to-be-assembled-and-connected-in-series-gm2151053165-572182191?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003eNoah Saob\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining\\\"\u003eChina’s BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-graphite-extraction-ev-batteries\\\"\u003eCrude oil to battery boost: US teams turn petroleum coke into graphite for EV power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\\\"\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: China’s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144460,\"tags\":[\"ballbots\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"ballbots\",\"slug\":\"ballbots\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ballbots\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$7e\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eBy minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eBy minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3435,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$7f\",\"related_content\":\"$80\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\",\"slug\":\"ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:27:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:28:36\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:27 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:28 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ballbots.png\",\"title\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"name\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"alt_text\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"description\":\"The proposed controller for ballbot devices enhances the adaptability to dynamic environments via self-learning and self-adjusting characteristics.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballbot#/media/File:BallIP_2008.jpg\\\"\u003ePéter Fankhauser from Openverse/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have come up with a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots, a unique kind of robot that has great mobility and possesses the ability to go in all directions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe team led by researchers from Hanoi University of Industry, Vietnam, introduced a novel adaptive nonlinear PID (NPID) controller integrated with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for ballbots, offering lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$81\",\"$82\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, the ballbot systems pose unique challenges, particularly in the form of the difficulty of maintaining balance and stability in dynamic and uncertain environments. 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-2025-space-missions\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eBlue Ghost\u003c/a\u003e fired its thrusters to propel itself out of Earth’s orbit and make its way to the moon. It will arrive in just over a month. Once there, it will release a host of different payloads, which will serve different purposes and constitute different missions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$92\",\"$93\",\"$94\",\"$95\",\"$96\",\"$97\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/nasa-lister-reveal-moon-formed\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's representation of Blue Ghost on the lunar surface.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasas-lexi-will-provide-x-ray-vision-of-earths-magnetosphere/\\\"\u003eFirefly Aerospace\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n 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When she isn't writing, you can find her glued to the latest web series and movies.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring his appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, D.C., Elon Musk wielded an ornate, shiny chainsaw gifted by Argentina’s President Javier Milei. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe chainsaw, a well-known emblem of Milei’s aggressive fiscal policies, served as a symbolic statement reinforcing support for significant government spending reductions in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWearing a black \u0026#8220;Make America Great Again\u0026#8221; hat, he addressed a gathering of Republican supporters, tying the chainsaw’s imagery to broader themes of economic efficiency and limited government intervention. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9a\",\"$9b\",\"$9c\",\"$9d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most affected locations was the Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas, which saw a 30% workforce reduction. 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His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBWX Technologies has been awarded contracts totaling approximately $2.1 billion from the U.S. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis substantial investment aims to manufacture reactor components for the Columbia and Virginia submarines and Ford-class aircraft carriers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe production activities will occur across various BWXT facilities in Lynchburg, Virginia, Barberton, Euclid in Ohio, and Mount Vernon, Indiana, over the next seven years, commencing in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a0\",\"$a1\",\"$a2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ongoing commitment to innovation and excellence in producing nuclear reactor components is poised to enhance the operational readiness of the U.S. naval fleet for years to come.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the recent contracts awarded to BWX Technologies epitomize the critical intersection of technology, national security, and industrial capability.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company\u0026#8217;s endeavors in supporting nuclear propulsion solidify its position in the defense sector and contribute to the larger mission of ensuring a secure and free maritime environment for the United States and its allies.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-navy-submarines-nuclear-reactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"US Navy's Virginia-Class 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braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-nuclear-submarine-sent-near-china\\\"\u003eUS sends nuclear-powered attack submarine to Navy base near China in a first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144624,\"tags\":[\"Cancer treatment\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear fallout\",\"nuclear 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cancers due to atmospheric nuclear tests conducted between 1945 and 1980. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3562,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a4\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/saharan-dust-cloud-carries-radioactivity\\\"\u003eSaharan dust winds carry radiation from Cold War-era nuclear testing: Study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\\\"\u003eChernobyl nuclear reactor’s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-of-hiroshima-glasses-gives-new-insights-into-nuclear-fallout\\\"\u003eDiscovery of Hiroshima Glasses gives new insights into nuclear fallout\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/chinese-radiation-shield-study\",\"slug\":\"chinese-radiation-shield-study\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T22:49:51\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T22:50:00\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 05:49 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 05:50 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-Nuclear-Fallout.png\",\"title\":\"China advances in radiation defense for cancer therapy and nuclear fallouts \",\"name\":\"China advances in radiation defense for cancer therapy and nuclear fallouts \",\"alt_text\":\"China advances in radiation defense for cancer therapy and nuclear fallouts \",\"description\":\"Radiation. The invisible killer that will get to you even if you survive a nuclear explosion. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/explosion-of-nuclear-bomb-gm471988643-30445224\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. Kaif's bylines can be found in Times of India, Techopedia, and Kitaab. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have developed a treatment that increases the survival rates of mice exposed to acute. This discovery has the potential to make cancer treatment safer and even improve the likelihood of survival in the event of nuclear war.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to SCMP, this new study uncovers that knocking out certain proteins that play an essential role in the body’s immune system, especially to prevent cancer or viruses, could provide significant protection against \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tardigrades-genetic-shield-against-radiation\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eradiation damage\u003c/a\u003e and even help improve cancer radiotherapy.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a5\",\"$a6\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the journal Cell Death and Differentiation, the study found that normal mice suffered severe abdominal injuries. In contrast, mice lacking Sting exhibited significantly enhanced intestinal resilience, with their villi (tiny, finger-like projections that line the inner surface of the small intestine) density being 2.3 times higher. Moreover, the rate of cell death in these modified mice dropped from 45% to 12% following radiation exposure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSun highlighted the potential of therapies based on this discovery, noting that they could offer robust protection against radiation injury, improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy, and advance overall cancer treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-radiation-shield-study\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Radiation. The invisible killer that will get to you even if you survive a nuclear explosion. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/explosion-of-nuclear-bomb-gm471988643-30445224\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/saharan-dust-cloud-carries-radioactivity\\\"\u003eSaharan dust winds carry radiation from Cold War-era nuclear testing: Study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\\\"\u003eChernobyl nuclear reactor’s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-of-hiroshima-glasses-gives-new-insights-into-nuclear-fallout\\\"\u003eDiscovery of Hiroshima Glasses gives new insights into nuclear fallout\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144551,\"tags\":[\"GAF\",\"GAF Energy’s\",\"GAF shingle\",\"GAF solar shingle\",\"nailable solar shingle\",\"Shingles\",\"Solar Shingles\",\"World’s first nailable solar shingle\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"GAF\",\"slug\":\"gaf\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gaf\"},{\"name\":\"GAF Energy’s\",\"slug\":\"gaf-energys\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gaf-energys\"},{\"name\":\"GAF 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While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA New Jersey-based firm has launched the latest upgrade of the world’s first nailable solar shingle. GAF Energy’s Timberline Solar ES 2 reportedly delivers 23% more power than its predecessor, offering enhanced installation efficiency and expanded design compatibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the company, ES 2 boasts an industry-defying depth of less than a quarter inch and integrates with traditional GAF shingles to create a sleek and attractive look.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$aa\",\"$ab\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.gaf.energy/timberline-solar/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eTimberline Solar\u003c/a\u003e is made up of shingles, not panels or heavy tiles. The company has revealed that these shingles are water-shedding, strong, and warranted to withstand winds up to 130 mph. Rack-mounted solar installations—where the solar is separate from the roof—require drilling dozens of holes into the roof membrane. Roof warranties do not typically cover any resulting damage related to those holes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-nailable-solar-shingle\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Timberline Solar meets a host of rigorous third-party safety standards covering both roofing and solar.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.gaf.energy/\\\"\u003eGAF 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tumors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/vaccine-shows-promise-against-pancreatic-cancer\",\"slug\":\"vaccine-shows-promise-against-pancreatic-cancer\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T20:12:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T20:12:17\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 03:12 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 03:12 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/iStock-1623195368-2.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mRNA vaccine shows promise against pancreatic cancer, may extend life by 10 years\",\"name\":\"New mRNA vaccine shows promise against pancreatic cancer, may extend life by 10 years\",\"alt_text\":\"New mRNA vaccine shows promise against pancreatic cancer, may extend life by 10 years\",\"description\":\"Representational image of pancreatic cancer.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cancer-cells-vis-gm1623195368-531878610\\\"\u003ekoto_feja/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant development for pancreatic cancer treatment, a phase 1 clinical trial has highlighted the potential of personalized mRNA vaccines to treat the deadly disease.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis research comes at a critical time, as pancreatic cancer is known for its grim prognosis, with less than 13% of patients surviving beyond five years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe disease is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of early symptoms and routine screening.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$af\",\"$b0\",\"$b1\",\"$b2\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/vaccine-shows-promise-against-pancreatic-cancer\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of pancreatic cancer.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cancer-cells-vis-gm1623195368-531878610\\\"\u003ekoto_feja/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\\\"\u003eNew blood test identifies elusive pancreatic cancer way before symptoms appear\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/pancreatic-cancer-dna-study\\\"\u003eScientists finally discover DNA key to fight deadly pancreatic cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/scientists-test-cancer-nasal-drug\\\"\u003eSniffing out cancer: Scientists test nasal drug for deadly pancreatic tumors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144582,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":true,\"yoast_head\":\"$b3\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Microsoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMicrosoft’s Majorana 1 chip is changing quantum computing with topological superconductors, creating scalable, stable qubits.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eMicrosoft’s Majorana 1 chip is changing quantum computing with topological superconductors, creating scalable, stable qubits.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":507,\"readTime\":\"1 minute\",\"body\":\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMicrosoft’s Majorana 1 chip is changing quantum computing with topological superconductors, creating scalable, stable qubits. This compact chip integrates topological qubits and control electronics, using precise microwaves for accurate quantum measurements. It promises innovations like self-healing materials and safer chemical discoveries, paving the way for a quantum-powered future. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e#MicrosoftPartner #Microsoft #QuantumComputing #QuantumLeap #QuantumAI #AI\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMade in collaboration with Microsoft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/microsofts-majorana-1-a-quantum-leap\",\"slug\":\"microsofts-majorana-1-a-quantum-leap\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T18:17:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-21T14:37:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 01:17 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 21, 2025 09:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/WEB_610a16.jpg\",\"title\":\"Microsoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap\",\"name\":\"Microsoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap\",\"alt_text\":\"Microsoft’s Majorana 1: A Quantum Leap\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Berivan Kilic\",\"slug\":\"berivan-kilic\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/HMzrnk7SOUVT.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"berivan-kilic\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/berivan-kilic\",\"description\":\"\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMicrosoft’s Majorana 1 chip is changing quantum computing with topological superconductors, creating scalable, stable qubits. 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It promises innovations like self-healing materials and safer chemical discoveries, paving the way for a quantum-powered future. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e#MicrosoftPartner #Microsoft #QuantumComputing #QuantumLeap #QuantumAI #AI\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMade in collaboration with Microsoft.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/microsofts-majorana-1-a-quantum-leap\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":5,\"source_target\":\"PCpo1Lml\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":true,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":\"2\",\"company_name\":\"Microsoft\",\"company_logo\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Microsoft.png\",\"company_logo_url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Microsoft.png?w=210\",\"sponsor_link\":\"https://www.microsoft.com/\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false,\"video_source_type\":\"5\",\"video_source_target\":\"PCpo1Lml\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"https://content.jwplatform.com/videos/PCpo1Lml.mp4\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"2025-02-20T18:20:31+00:00\",\"feed_video_description\":\"Microsoft’s Majorana 1 chip is changing quantum computing with topological superconductors, creating scalable, stable qubits. 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If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003ePhysicists in China report the creation of a new nickel-based high-temperature superconductor at room pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this development comes from researchers at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, China. For this, the team created a nickel oxide thin film.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, this nickel-based superconductor can achieve superconductivity above -233°C (minus 387 Fahrenheit) at \u0026#8220;normal pressure.\u0026#8221; This is a rare achievement, with only cuprates and iron-based materials previously demonstrating this breakthrough.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b6\",\"$b7\",\"$b8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eQikun also highlighted that this development represents a \u0026#8220;major innovation\u0026#8221; in China\u0026#8217;s pursuit of independent experimental technology. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSuperconductors have diverse \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconductivity-what-is-it-and-why-it-matters-to-our-future\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eapplications\u003c/a\u003e, including MRI machines, maglev trains, power transmission, and fusion reactors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were reported in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08755-z\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-nickel-superconductor-works-above-threshold\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Physicists in China report the creation of a new nickel-based high-temperature superconductor at room pressure. 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This limitation makes it difficult for drones to function effectively in disaster-stricken areas where visibility is compromised. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers from Japan have developed a bio-hybrid drone that integrates silkworm moth antennae with robotic technology to enhance odor tracking and navigation capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bb\",\"$bc\",\"$bd\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-silkworm-moth-tech\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Silkworm moth-powered bio-hybrid drone boosts odor detection distance.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/large-agricultural-drone-in-flight-fertilizing-a-sown-field-gm2179211617-598447905\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/youtuber-makes-heavy-lift-drone\\\"\u003eWatch: YouTuber builds colossal drone that could lift 220 pounds of payload\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone\\\"\u003eUS unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/flies-inspire-scent-detecting-drones\\\"\u003eFlies could inspire scent-detecting drones that sniff chemical leaks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144452,\"tags\":[\"Actuator\",\"Chinese Academy of Sciences\",\"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science\",\"Humanoid\",\"photothermal actuators\",\"Quadruped\",\"robot\",\"robot dog\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Actuator\",\"slug\":\"actuator\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/actuator\"},{\"name\":\"Chinese Academy of Sciences\",\"slug\":\"chinese-academy-of-sciences\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/chinese-academy-of-sciences\"},{\"name\":\"Hefei Institutes of Physical 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\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\",\"slug\":\"actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:07:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T17:10:33\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:07 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 12:10 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/acutator-robo.png\",\"title\":\"Leaf-vein inspired actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\",\"name\":\"Leaf-vein inspired actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\",\"alt_text\":\"Leaf-vein inspired actuator powers photo-activated robotic dog with speed, strength\",\"description\":\"Leaf vein-inspired photothermal actuator balances speed, strength, and stability (left).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1061112\\\"\u003eLI Xiaofei/\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mobile-robot-dog-standing-in-a-high-tech-modern-industrial-facility-robot-prototype-gm1482147600-509214233\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003egorodenkoff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a photothermal actuator that combines rapid movement with remarkable load-carrying capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA team from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences created a superstructure liquid metal/low expansion actuator to address the shortcomings of previous designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe unique composition of the innovative actuator enables fast motion and strong load-bearing capabilities. To illustrate its capabilities, the researchers built a photo-activated robotic dog that can stand, swim, jump, and crawl.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey also demonstrated applications in single-pole triple-throw switches and high-speed oscillators, highlighting the actuator’s versatility and efficiency. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c0\",\"$c1\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-versatile-robotic-actuators\\\"\u003eVersatile robotic actuators\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe load-carrying strength of thicker materials and the quick reaction of lightweight materials are successfully combined in the novel photothermal actuator design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe performance of the programmable actuators is outstanding. They have a bending angle of 159.05 ± 2.52°, oscillate at 19 Hz, respond at 60.96 ± 3.08°/s, and can handle weights 190 times their weight. According to the team, the innovation successfully addresses the strength versus speed trade-off that has long plagued photothermal actuator designs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers created a photo-activated robotic dog that can crawl, jump, swim, and stand to show off the capabilities of these actuators. To demonstrate the adaptability of the actuators, they also created high-speed oscillators and single-pole triple-throw switches. By adding LM microspheres, the actuators become more stable and can last more than 20,800 cycles without breaking.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c2\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/actuator-powers-photo-activated-robotic-dog-speed\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Leaf vein-inspired photothermal actuator balances speed, strength, and stability (left).\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1061112\\\"\u003eLI Xiaofei/\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mobile-robot-dog-standing-in-a-high-tech-modern-industrial-facility-robot-prototype-gm1482147600-509214233\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003egorodenkoff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/off-broadway-robot-star-unitree-g2\\\"\u003eRobot, Spy, Love of AI: China’s robot dog to make record theatrical debut in US\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cheetah-inspired-kemba-high-speed-running-robot-pneumatic-actuators\\\"\u003eCheetah-inspired robot ‘Kemba’ has pneumatic actuators to reach higher running speeds\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrovoltaic-cell-electricity-no-sunlight-china\\\"\u003eChina cell turns heat into electricity without sun, works in dark and deserts \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144558,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Figure\",\"Figure 02\",\"Humanoid 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novel approach to upper-body manipulation control. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":5139,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c4\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-shuns-openai-brain\\\"\u003eFigure humanoid to ditch OpenAI mind, unleash new brainy robot genius in 30 days\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-robots-to-pass-safety-tests\\\"\u003eFigure AI humanoid robots to pass brutal battery, safety tests before launch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\",\"slug\":\"figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:45:36\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T18:46:52\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:45 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 01:46 PM 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(Representative image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.figure.ai/\\\"\u003eFigure\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant move in the AI world, California-based Figure has revealed Helix, a generalist Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model that unifies perception, language understanding, and learned control to overcome multiple longstanding challenges in robotics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBrett Adcock, founder of Figure, said that Helix is the most significant AI update in the company\u0026#8217;s history.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Helix thinks like a human… and to bring robots into homes, we need a step change in capabilities. Helix can generalize to virtually any household item,” Adcock said in a social media post.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c5\",\"$c6\",\"$c7\",\"$c8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike earlier robot systems, Helix can generate long-horizon, collaborative, dexterous manipulation on the fly without any task-specific demonstrations or extensive manual programming, according to Figure.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHelix displays strong object generalization, being able to pick up thousands of novel household items with varying shapes, sizes, colors, and material properties never encountered before in training simply by asking in natural language.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This represents a transformative step forward in how Figure scales humanoid robot behaviors—one that we believe will be pivotal as our robots increasingly assist in everyday home environments,\u0026#8221; Figure \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.figure.ai/news/helix\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-launches-helix-ai-robots\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Figure AI's F02 robot. 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potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s latest estimate sees the probability of 2024 YR4 impacting Earth rising to 3.1 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s latest estimate sees the probability of 2024 YR4 impacting Earth rising to 3.1 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":7554,\"readTime\":\"6 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ca\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/5-planetary-defense-systems-that-could-keep-us-safe-from-asteroids\\\"\u003e5 Planetary Defense Systems That Could Keep Us Safe From Asteroids\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\\\"\u003eWhat is the probability of a huge civilization-ending asteroid impact?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\\\"\u003e‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"slug\":\"2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-19T14:47:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T09:13:39\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 19, 2025 09:47 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 04:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ateroid.jpg\",\"title\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"name\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"alt_text\":\"2024 YR4: How do we deflect potential ‘city killer’ asteroid headed to Earth?\",\"description\":\"An artist's impression of an asteroid impacting Earth.\",\"reference\":\"solarseven / iStock\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChris Young’s Beyond Earth column explores the intersection of space technology and policy, providing thought-provoking commentary on the latest advancements and regulatory developments in the sector.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt doesn\u0026#8217;t get much bigger than a potential city destroyer.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOver the last few weeks, the asteroid 2024 YR4 has made waves in science and non-science news publications. While the odds of an Earth impact are low, scientists are still refining the probability estimates.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$cb\",\"$cc\",\"$cd\",\"$ce\",\"$cf\",\"$d0\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e2024 YR4 is a rare case, but it will most likely fly harmlessly past Earth. Of course, NASA, ESA, and China will continue to observe the asteroid and revise their estimates. If the probability of its hitting Earth continues to rise, we may be set for the first non-test asteroid deflection mission in history.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/beyond-earth/2024-yr4-city-killer-asteroid\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"An artist's impression of an asteroid impacting Earth.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"solarseven / iStock\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/5-planetary-defense-systems-that-could-keep-us-safe-from-asteroids\\\"\u003e5 Planetary Defense Systems That Could Keep Us Safe From Asteroids\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-probability-of-a-huge-civilization-ending-asteroid-impact\\\"\u003eWhat is the probability of a huge civilization-ending asteroid impact?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\\\"\u003e‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/post-144163-speech-20250219142946.mp3\"},{\"id\":144024,\"tags\":[\"2024 YR4\",\"asteriod\",\"highest risk asteroid\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"2024 YR4\",\"slug\":\"2024-yr4\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/2024-yr4\"},{\"name\":\"asteriod\",\"slug\":\"asteriod\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/asteriod\"},{\"name\":\"highest risk asteroid\",\"slug\":\"highest-risk-asteroid\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/highest-risk-asteroid\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d1\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAlthough not an extinction-level threat like the one faced by dinosaurs, it\u0026#8217;s large enough to likely cause widespread devastation across a city. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAlthough not an extinction-level threat like the one faced by dinosaurs, it\u0026#8217;s large enough to likely cause widespread devastation across a city. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3445,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\\\"\u003e2024 YR4: China, NASA scramble to track ‘highest-risk’ asteroid\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\\\"\u003eFootball field-sized 'city killer' asteroid could hit Earth in 2032\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-4_e419d2.jpg\",\"title\":\"‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\",\"name\":\"‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\",\"alt_text\":\"‘City-killer’ asteroid strike risk rises, may impact over 100 million: NASA warns\",\"description\":\"NASA's estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/asteroid-impact-on-earth-meteor-in-collision-with-planet-contain-3d-rendering-gm1367201304-437529415?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe chance of the highest-risk asteroid hitting Earth in 2032 has risen to 3.1% by NASA.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed 2024 YR4, this asteroid is estimated to be around 177 feet (54 meters) in diameter – about the size of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. Starting at 1.2% on February 7th, the likelihood rose to 2.3%, then 2.6%, and now stands at 3.1%. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d3\",\"$d4\",\"$d5\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNASA has demonstrated the potential of the DART mission as a means of defense should the asteroid pose a more immediate threat to Earth.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/asteroid-strike-risk-rises-nasa\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"NASA's estimated probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032 has steadily increased. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/asteroid-impact-on-earth-meteor-in-collision-with-planet-contain-3d-rendering-gm1367201304-437529415?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/china-nasa-prepare-for-potential-2032-asteroid-impact\\\"\u003e2024 YR4: China, NASA scramble to track ‘highest-risk’ asteroid\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/football-field-sized-asteroid-with-1-6-chance-of-hitting-earth-could-destroy-a-city\\\"\u003eFootball field-sized 'city killer' asteroid could hit Earth in 2032\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv 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McFall\",\"slug\":\"john-mcfall\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/john-mcfall\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d6\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"space\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":652,\"title\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eMcFall is now the European Space Agency\u0026#8217;s first \u0026#8220;parastronaut.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3718,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d7\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\\\"\u003eWorld’s first astronaut with disability to begin training\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\\\"\u003eThe European Space Agency announces the world’s first disabled astronaut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hmnd-01-joins-humanoid-robot-race\\\"\u003eUK firm unleashes new humanoid robot with hands faster than humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\",\"slug\":\"john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:38\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-18T12:31:48\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 18, 2025 07:31 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 18, 2025 07:31 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-2_171c25.jpg\",\"title\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"name\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"alt_text\":\"John McFall: World\u0026#8217;s first disabled astronaut cleared for a space station mission\",\"description\":\"John McFall inside a mockup of Europe’s Columbus laboratory for the International Space Station. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://blogs.esa.int/exploration/fly-expanding-space-opportunities/\\\"\u003eESA–P. Sebirot\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e43-year-old John McFall has become the world\u0026#8217;s first astronaut with a physical disability cleared for a long-duration mission to the International Space Station. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMcFall’s journey is one of resilience and determination. At 19, a motorcycle accident led to the loss of his right leg. But he didn\u0026#8217;t let it hold him back.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHe returned to running, becoming a successful Paralympic sprinter, winning bronze at the 2008 Beijing Games. He then transitioned to a career as an orthopedic surgeon. Now, he\u0026#8217;s adding \u0026#8220;astronaut\u0026#8221; to his incredible list of achievements.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d8\",\"$d9\",\"$da\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eESA\u0026#8217;\u003c/a\u003es commitment to inclusion shines brightly, contrasting with recent moves in the US, where Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives face challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/john-mcfall-first-disabled-astronaut\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"John McFall inside a mockup of Europe’s Columbus laboratory for the International Space Station. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://blogs.esa.int/exploration/fly-expanding-space-opportunities/\\\"\u003eESA–P. Sebirot\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-astronaut-with-disability-to-begin-training\\\"\u003eWorld’s first astronaut with disability to begin training\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-first-disabled-astronaut\\\"\u003eThe European Space Agency announces the world’s first disabled astronaut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hmnd-01-joins-humanoid-robot-race\\\"\u003eUK firm unleashes new humanoid robot with hands faster than humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143318,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$db\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3429,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$dc\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$dd\",\"$de\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$df\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$e0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e1\",\"$e2\",\"$e3\",\"$e4\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e5\",\"$e6\",\"$e7\",\"$e8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":144499,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Lithium batteries\",\"sodium batteries\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Lithium batteries\",\"slug\":\"lithium-batteries\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lithium-batteries\"},{\"name\":\"sodium batteries\",\"slug\":\"sodium-batteries\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sodium-batteries\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$e9\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis development allows sodium-ion batteries to achieve comparable performance and efficiency to lithium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis development allows sodium-ion batteries to achieve comparable performance and efficiency to lithium-ion batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4209,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ea\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining\\\"\u003eChina’s BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-graphite-extraction-ev-batteries\\\"\u003eCrude oil to battery boost: US teams turn petroleum coke into graphite for EV power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\\\"\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: China’s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"slug\":\"sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:43:15\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:43 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:43 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sodium-battery.jpg\",\"title\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"name\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"alt_text\":\"Sodium-ion EV battery breakthrough pushes performance to theoretical limits\",\"description\":\"The battery material shows strong performance in both energy and power delivery. (Representational image)\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-cars-battery-cells-are-ready-to-be-assembled-and-connected-in-series-gm2151053165-572182191?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003eNoah Saob\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"slug\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a8260394272a3c62baa898aee75f910?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"aman-tripathi\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi\",\"description\":\"An active and versatile journalist and news editor. He has covered regular and breaking news for several leading publications and news media, including The Hindu, Economic Times, Tomorrow Makers, and many more. Aman holds expertise in politics, travel, and tech news, especially in AI, advanced algorithms, and blockchain, with a strong curiosity about all things that fall under science and tech.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Dincă Group from Princeton University have developed a sodium-ion battery that utilizes a new organic cathode material, bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), which has shown remarkable energy performance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The battery can store the same amount of energy within a much shorter charging time, or can store much more energy within the same charging time,” said Tianyang Chen, Dincă Group Ph.D. and first author on the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$eb\",\"$ec\",\"$ed\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis optimized structure allows for nearly 100% utilization of the active material, pushing the battery\u0026#8217;s performance close to its theoretical limits.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the new battery showed impressive performance metrics.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“It exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 355 mAh/g per formula unit, enabled by a four-electron redox process, and achieves an electrode-level energy density of 606 Wh/kg (90 wt % active material) along with excellent cycling stability,” concluded \u003ca href=\\\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.4c17713\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ethe study\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese figures underscore the potential of this technology to compete with and eventually surpass existing lithium-ion batteries in various applications.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sodium-ev-battery-pushes-performance\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The battery material shows strong performance in both energy and power delivery. (Representational image)\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-cars-battery-cells-are-ready-to-be-assembled-and-connected-in-series-gm2151053165-572182191?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003eNoah Saob\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining\\\"\u003eChina’s BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-graphite-extraction-ev-batteries\\\"\u003eCrude oil to battery boost: US teams turn petroleum coke into graphite for EV power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\\\"\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: China’s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":144460,\"tags\":[\"ballbots\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"ballbots\",\"slug\":\"ballbots\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ballbots\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ee\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eBy minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eBy minimizing unnecessary movements and chattering, the proposed controller can optimize energy consumption.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3435,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ef\",\"related_content\":\"$f0\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\",\"slug\":\"ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:27:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-20T16:28:36\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:27 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 20, 2025 11:28 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ballbots.png\",\"title\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"name\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"alt_text\":\"Ballbots\u0026#8217; mobility for dynamic environments enhanced with new adaptive controller\",\"description\":\"The proposed controller for ballbot devices enhances the adaptability to dynamic environments via self-learning and self-adjusting characteristics.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballbot#/media/File:BallIP_2008.jpg\\\"\u003ePéter Fankhauser from Openverse/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have come up with a new robust and adaptive solution for ballbots, a unique kind of robot that has great mobility and possesses the ability to go in all directions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe team led by researchers from Hanoi University of Industry, Vietnam, introduced a novel adaptive nonlinear PID (NPID) controller integrated with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for ballbots, offering lightweight computation, superior stability, chattering reduction, and robustness against external disturbances.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$f1\",\"$f2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, the ballbot systems pose unique challenges, particularly in the form of the difficulty of maintaining balance and stability in dynamic and uncertain environments. Traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers struggle with these challenges, and other advanced methods, like sliding mode control, introduce issues like chattering.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSo, there was a need to develop a controller that combines the simplicity and adaptability of PID with the learning capabilities of the now-popular neural networks, providing a robust solution to real-world robotic mobility problems.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ballbots-mobility-for-dynamic-environments-enhanced\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The proposed controller for ballbot devices enhances the adaptability 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Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA Polish startup, Clone Robotics, has unveiled a lifelike synthetic human prototype. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNamed Protoclone V1, it boasts over 200 degrees of freedom, 1,000 Myofibers, and 500 sensors, the faceless android is anatomically accurate and has sparked fascination and unease. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm claims its Protclone V1 is the world’s first bipedal, musculoskeletal android. 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A 500-watt electric pump powers the vascular system, delivering hydraulic pressure efficiently with Aquajet valve technology, ensuring lifelike motion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/video-worlds-first-humanoid-lifelike-muscles\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The prototype now uses pneumatics but will switch to hydraulics as development continues.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGQtW4ONoJA/?igsh=MW8ycjg3NGtlOW52MA%3D%3D\\\"\u003eClone Robotics/Instagram\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 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