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class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 走马观花《畴人传》 </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 1840 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-5-24 16:05</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=68158&do=blog&classid=173877&view=me">人物记事</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=68158&catid=5">人物纪事</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size:24px;line-height: 150%;font-family:宋体">走马观花《畴人传》</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 38px; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size:19px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">近日家中领导得邮票一版，说是与祖上有关；这以前虽有耳闻但从未细究。邮票嘛有日子不碰了，取来观之，是纪念阮元诞辰260年的，还有个说明一起贴在下面。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:19px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202405/24/155929wcqef11qt5tw8eka.jpg" title="" alt="邮票s.jpg"/></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:19px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202405/24/160011mtwr9a7yz9wz7yye.jpg" title="" alt="邮票说明s.jpg"/></span></p><p style="text-indent: 38px; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size:19px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"></span></p><p style="text-indent:38px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:19px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">阮元(1764～1849)江苏扬州人（仪征籍），大致与歌德、洪堡、傅里叶和莫扎特等同时代，年代并不算久远，但知之者似乎不多（专业人士除外）。阮元乾隆五十四年参加殿试位列二甲第三赐进士出身，从四个部的侍郎做起，曾外放鲁、浙学政，然后巡抚总督做了一大圈，历乾隆嘉庆顺治三个朝代，有为官清明九省疆臣三朝阁老之荣，算是把官做明白了，还是汉人在清朝；然而，他对经史注疏考据、金石书画赏析、文学诗赋随笔以及天文历算数学等方面都很有兴趣，著述颇丰，有为学勤勉士林山斗一代文宗之誉，把个人爱好也做出了名堂，这个更加为人称道。</span></p><p style="text-indent:38px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:19px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">细观邮票，得知其写过一本《畴人传》，这是啥书？查了一下可不得了，号称中国第一部科学史或科学家传记著作，李约瑟的《中国科学技术史》中也提到过。没得说立刻下单，看到有本去年底刚出的《话说阮元》也买了。隔日到手一瞧是广陵书院2009年的《畴人传汇编》，算最新版，还把后人的四本续编也收进去了。《畴人转》光翻翻目录就挺有意思的，走马观花一下，一些名字如雷贯耳如司马迁、张衡、祖冲之、郭守敬、秦九韶、杨辉、徐光启、梅文鼎等；一些名字则似曾相识如，如刘向、祖暅之、李淳风、葛洪、朱载堉等，更多的就不知所云了，等有空慢慢看吧。畴人者，天文历算数学之匠也。畴通筹，过去计算用算筹所以叫畴人？这是个人理解。正规说法是畴人是专事天文历算的专业人士，算直属皇上的小官，或许是因为做这个专业要求高父子相承较方便，所以世代相袭。闰余成岁，律吕调阳，这些对皇上都重要不可或缺。那司马迁不是史官吗？葛洪不是炼丹制药的吗？王子朱载堉不是研究音律的吗？有兴趣的当然也可以研究天文历算推步之术，有些成就的也可以入畴人传，况且那些也都是相关专业的，有的祖上还有些渊源。 </span></p><p style="text-indent:38px;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:19px;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">《畴人传》共46卷收上古至清朝280人。每个人的内容根据可采的资料有简有繁，简者寥寥数行甚至只一行，繁者则可洋洋数卷，如祖冲之单列一卷，梅文鼎独占三卷。《畴人传》的体例特点是除列一下入选者的基本信息外，只涉及其天文历算数学（含测量仪器制作）方面事迹，其他如政治经济、文化教育、推卦占卜乃至物理化学等等一概不提，这个作者自有其考虑，只讨论自己熟悉的题材也好避免许多事情，不像有些院士啥都懂。《畴人传》中的相关事迹主要采自山海经、史记、二十四史、四库全书和清史稿等，且作为每个人的参考文献列出，但对有些人有些内容会在后面另加上自己或他人的评论和附记。述而不作议论行事，比较严谨。这些都是好办法！</span></p><p style="text-indent:38px;line-height:150%"><span 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