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Search results for: Islamic commerce
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text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Islamic commerce</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1091</span> Reliability Evaluation of a Payment Model in Mobile E-Commerce Using Colored Petri Net</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolghader%20Pourali">Abdolghader Pourali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20V.%20Malakooti"> Mohammad V. Malakooti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hussein%20Yektaie"> Muhammad Hussein Yektaie </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mobile payment system in mobile e-commerce generally have high security so that the user can trust it for doing business deals, sales, paying financial transactions, etc. in the mobile payment system. Since an architecture or payment model in e-commerce only shows the way of interaction and collaboration among users and mortgagers and does not present any evaluation of effectiveness and confidence about financial transactions to stakeholders. In this paper, we try to present a detailed assessment of the reliability of a mobile payment model in the mobile e-commerce using formal models and colored Petri nets. Finally, we demonstrate that the reliability of this system has high value (case study: a secure payment model in mobile commerce. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colored%20Petri%20net" title=" colored Petri net"> colored Petri net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payment%20models" title=" payment models"> payment models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-commerce" title=" m-commerce "> m-commerce </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16315/reliability-evaluation-of-a-payment-model-in-mobile-e-commerce-using-colored-petri-net" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1090</span> Analysis of Organizational Factors Effect on Performing Electronic Commerce Strategy: A Case Study of the Namakin Food Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hamidreza%20Hejazi%20Dehghani">Seyed Hamidreza Hejazi Dehghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Khounsari"> Neda Khounsari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quick growth of electronic commerce in developed countries means that developing nations must change in their commerce strategies fundamentally. Most organizations are aware of the impact of the Internet and e-Commerce on the future of their firm, and thus, they have to focus on organizational factors that have an effect on the deployment of an e-Commerce strategy. In this situation, it is essential to identify organizational factors such as the organizational culture, human resources, size, structure and product/service that impact an e-commerce strategy. Accordingly, this research specifies the effects of organizational factors on applying an e-commerce strategy in the Namakin food industry. The statistical population of this research is 95 managers and employees. Cochran's formula is used for determination of the sample size that is 77 of the statistical population. Also, SPSS and Smart PLS software were utilized for analyzing the collected data. The results of hypothesis testing show that organizational factors have positive and significant effects of applying an e-Commerce strategy. On the other hand, sub-hypothesizes show that effectiveness of the organizational culture and size criteria were rejected and other sub-hypothesis were accepted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20commerce" title="electronic commerce">electronic commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20factors" title=" organizational factors"> organizational factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude%20of%20managers" title=" attitude of managers"> attitude of managers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20readiness" title=" organizational readiness"> organizational readiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67393/analysis-of-organizational-factors-effect-on-performing-electronic-commerce-strategy-a-case-study-of-the-namakin-food-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1089</span> Islamic Banking: An Ultimate Source of Financial Inclusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasawar%20Nawaz">Tasawar Nawaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Promotion of socioeconomic justice through redistribution of wealth is one of the most salient features of Islamic economic system. Islamic financial institutions known as Islamic banks are used to implement this in practice under the guidelines of Islamic <em>Shariah</em> law. Islamic banking systems strive to promote and achieve financial inclusion among the society by offering interest-free banking and risk-sharing financing solutions. <em>Shariah</em>-compliant micro finance is one of the most popular financial instruments used by Islamic banks to enhance access to finance. Benevolent loan (or <em>Qard-al-Hassanah</em>) is one of the popular financial tools used by the Islamic banks to promote financial inclusion. This aspect of Islamic banking is empirically examined in this paper with specific reference to firm’s resources, largely defined here as intellectual capital. The paper finds that Islamic banks promote financial inclusion by exploiting available resources especially, the human intellectual capital. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title="financial inclusion">financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20capital" title=" intellectual capital"> intellectual capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qard-al-Hassanah" title=" Qard-al-Hassanah"> Qard-al-Hassanah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76052/islamic-banking-an-ultimate-source-of-financial-inclusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1088</span> Comparing the Theory to the Practice of Islamic Banking: A Case Study of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zareen%20Khan">Zareen Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamic Banking has experienced high growth in Pakistan in recent years and has successfully survived the economic downturn of 2009-2011. Despite the increase in branch network and expansion of services, it is unclear if Islamic banks are truly following the theory and practical application of Shariah Law. This paper explores the theological basis of Islamic finance and examines the discrepancies between the theory and practice of Islamic banking using Pakistan as a case study. It discusses areas where Islamic banks lack proper Shariah compliance and analyzes the financial weaknesses of Islamic banks in terms of the services offered. Furthermore, the paper offers plausible explanations for the clientele of Islamic banks. The case study has three major findings. Firstly, most of the employees of Islamic banks come from conventional banking backgrounds and the banks have to invest in additional trainings to specialize employees in Islamic Banking. Secondly despite the efforts of State Bank of Pakistan, there is a lack of accounting and auditing standards tailored for Islamic Banking. Thirdly, majority of the clients of Islamic banks in Pakistan are accustomed to conventional banking causing the bankers to “speak the conventional banking language.” Combined, these three factors can create gaps in the practical application of Islamic finance in Islamic banks in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20finance" title="islamic finance">islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparing%20theory%20with%20practice" title=" comparing theory with practice"> comparing theory with practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20banking" title=" islamic banking"> islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23023/comparing-the-theory-to-the-practice-of-islamic-banking-a-case-study-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1087</span> Islamic Social Security: A Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safiyya%20A.%20Abba">Safiyya A. Abba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehu%20U.%20R.%20Aliyu"> Shehu U. R. Aliyu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with Islamic social security: a discourse explores the meaning and nature of Islamic social security system. The paper reviews the social security framework and operations during the early period. The paper further identifies the instruments of Islamic social security discusses its principles and objectives. The paper discovers that Islamic social security is a personification of a comprehensive welfare approach in view of its varied instruments that are deeply rooted in the Islamic law, unique principles and realistic and achievable objectives. Furthermore, the Islamic social security system has far reaching socioeconomic implications; social justice, cohesion, equity, a catalyst for poverty eradication, income redistribution, economic growth and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20social%20security" title="Islamic social security">Islamic social security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20needs" title=" basic needs"> basic needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zakat" title=" zakat"> zakat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20justice" title=" socioeconomic justice"> socioeconomic justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4765/islamic-social-security-a-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1086</span> Usability in E-Commerce Websites: Results of Eye Tracking Evaluations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beste%20Kays%C4%B1">Beste Kaysı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasemin%20Topalo%C4%9Flu"> Yasemin Topaloğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Usability is one of the most important quality attributes for web-based information systems. Specifically, for e-commerce applications, usability becomes more prominent. In this study, we aimed to explore the features that experienced users seek in e-commerce applications. We used eye tracking method in evaluations. Eye movement data are obtained from the eye-tracking method and analyzed based on task completion time, number of fixations, as well as heat map and gaze plot measures. The results of the analysis show that the eye movements of participants' are too static in certain areas and their areas of interest are scattered in many different places. It has been determined that this causes users to fail to complete their transactions. According to the findings, we outlined the issues to improve the usability of e-commerce websites. Then we propose solutions to identify the issues. In this way, it is expected that e-commerce sites will be developed which will make experienced users more satisfied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce%20websites" title="e-commerce websites">e-commerce websites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20tracking%20method" title=" eye tracking method"> eye tracking method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability" title=" usability"> usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=website%20evaluations" title=" website evaluations"> website evaluations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97604/usability-in-e-commerce-websites-results-of-eye-tracking-evaluations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1085</span> Initial Concept of Islamic Social Entrepreneurship: Identification of Research Gap from Existing Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Adib%20Abd%20Muin">Mohd Adib Abd Muin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social entrepreneurship has become a new phenomenon in a country in order to reduce social problems and eradicate poverty communities. However, the study based on Islamic social entrepreneurship from the social entrepreneurial activity is still new especially in the Islamic perspective. In addition, this research found that is lacking of model on social entrepreneurship that focus on Islamic perspective. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the issues and research gap based on Islamic perspective from existing models and to develop a concept of Islamic social entrepreneurship according to Islamic perspective and Maqasid Shari’ah. The research method used in this study is literature review and comparative analysis from 11 existing models of social entrepreneurship. The research finding shows that 11 existing models on social entrepreneurship has been analyzed and it shows that the existing models on social entrepreneurship do not emphasize on Islamic perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component" title="component">component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20entrepreneurship" title=" social entrepreneurship"> social entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20perspective" title=" Islamic perspective"> Islamic perspective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20gap" title=" research gap"> research gap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18072/initial-concept-of-islamic-social-entrepreneurship-identification-of-research-gap-from-existing-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1084</span> Methodology of Islamic Economics: Scope and Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Abdulkadir%20Ibrahim">Ahmad Abdulkadir Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Observation of the methodology of Islamic economics laid down for the methods and instruments of analysis and even some of its basic assumptions in the modern world; is a matter that is of paramount importance. There is a need to examine the implications of different suggested definitions of Islamic economics, exploring its scope and attempting to outline its methodology. This paper attempts to deal with the definition of Islamic economics, its methodology, and its scope. It will outline the main methodological problem by addressing the question of whether Islamic economics calls for a methodology of its own or as an expanded economics. It also aims at drawing the attention of economists in the modern world to the obligation and consideration of the methodology of Islamic economics. The methodology adopted in this research is library research through the consultation of relevant literature, which focuses on the thematic study of the subject matter. This is followed by an analysis and discussion of the contents of the materials used. It is concluded that there is a certain degree of inconsistency in the way assumptions are incorporated that perhaps are alien to Islamic economics. The paper also observed that there is a difference between Islamic economists and other (conventional) economists in the profession. An important conclusion is that Islamic economists need to rethink what economics is all about and whether we really have to create an alternative to economics in the form of Islamic economics or simply have an Islamic perspective of the same discipline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title="methodology">methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20economics" title=" Islamic economics"> Islamic economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20economics" title=" conventional economics"> conventional economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20economists" title=" Muslim economists"> Muslim economists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162447/methodology-of-islamic-economics-scope-and-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1083</span> Islamic Finance in Tunisia: Reality and Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Kaddour">Amira Kaddour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hedia%20Teraoui"> Hedia Teraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khmayes%20Bougatef"> Khmayes Bougatef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this paper is to determine the major causes of the underdevelopment of Islamic finance in Tunisia. Indeed, it’s surprising to note that Zitouna bank established in May 2010 is the first Islamic Tunisian bank although 99% of Tunisians are Muslim and Islam is the religion of the State according to the Constitution. So we rely in our paper on the opinions of number of professors of finance and economics as educated people to prove or reject our hypothesis that the underdevelopment of Islamic finance in Tunisia can be explained by the ignorance of its main principles and advantages. Ours findings reveal that this branch of finance is still largely unknown, not only from public but also from professionals. The results obtained surprisingly show that this insignificance of Islamic banking cannot be explained by the fact that Tunisia has been governed since its independence by a secular left-wing party. Indeed, only 3% of respondents believe that legislation and regulation in Tunisia represent an obstacle to the development of Islamic finance. Moreover, respondents are not very optimistic about the future role of Islamic financing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title="Islamic banking">Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20insurance%20%28takaful%29" title=" Islamic insurance (takaful)"> Islamic insurance (takaful)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law%20%28shariah%29" title=" Islamic law (shariah)"> Islamic law (shariah)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usury%20%28riba%29" title=" usury (riba)"> usury (riba)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6104/islamic-finance-in-tunisia-reality-and-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1082</span> Challenges and Opportunities for Online Consumer Selling Process Development in Coming Years in World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20Prajapati">Prakash Prajapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E commerce is certainly one of the business alternatives that individual will have to analyze in the forthcoming years. E-commerce is said to bring about arched type conversion in the world for exchange market. Prognosis E-commerce is presenting dreadful business advancement in our country. Endorsed by ascending online user base & mobile phone presentation, Indian e-commerce has been splendid development in the last few years. Conceding India’s analytical dividend and spiraling internet admittance, the sector is contracted to scale higher heights. Although, India’s overall peddle opportunity is consequential, the sector is beset with some deliberate challenges. The current study has been proceeded to explore the present scenario, status & future advancement of e-commerce in India and review the challenges and opportunities of e-commerce in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20selling" title="online selling">online selling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retail%20selling%20online" title=" retail selling online"> retail selling online</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20process" title=" product process"> product process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20opportunity" title=" business opportunity"> business opportunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103640/challenges-and-opportunities-for-online-consumer-selling-process-development-in-coming-years-in-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1081</span> Timbuktu Pattern of Islamic Education: A Role Model for the Establishment of Islamic Educational System in Sokoto Caliphate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Gada">A. M. Gada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20U.%20Malami"> H. U. Malami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Timbuktu is one of the eight regions in the present day the Republic of Mali. It flourished as one of the earliest centres of Islamic learning in West Africa in the eleventh century CE. The famous Islamic centre in Timbuktu is situated in the Sankore mosque, which is known to be one of the earliest established Islamic University. This centre produced scholars who were zealous in disseminating Islamic education to different parts of West Africa and beyond. As a result, most of these centres adopted the Timbuktu pattern of learning. Some of the beneficiaries of this noble activity are Muslim scholars which are responsible for the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate in the early nineteenth century. This paper intends to reflect on the pattern of Islamic education of the Timbuktu scholars and see how it impacted on the Islamic centres of learning established by these Jihad-scholars who were successful in the establishment of an Islamic state known as the Sokoto Caliphate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sankore" title=" Sankore"> Sankore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20educational%20system" title=" Islamic educational system"> Islamic educational system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sokoto%20Caliphate" title=" Sokoto Caliphate"> Sokoto Caliphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centres%20of%20Islamic%20learning" title=" centres of Islamic learning"> centres of Islamic learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5824/timbuktu-pattern-of-islamic-education-a-role-model-for-the-establishment-of-islamic-educational-system-in-sokoto-caliphate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1080</span> Islam’s Expediency; The Poison and the Antidote of Islamic Government</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Ebrahimi">Mahdi Ebrahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most effective factors that can empower and modernize the Islamic government according to the needs of society is the institution of expediency in Islamic governance. At the same time, not paying attention to the foundations and principles of Islamic governance may cause this factor to create the basis for corruption and totalitarianism of the rulers, which ultimately causes a gap between the people and the rulers and the emergence of whole government corruption and dictatorship. Meanwhile, there are specific principles in the doctrine of Islamic Governance that can prevent such an event from happening. Principles such as: remaining popular and pious by the Ulama, Amr Bil-Maroof Va Nahy An Al-Munkar (commanding the good and preventing the bad) by the individuals, the rule of frank criticism with loud voices and clarification and accountability in the fields that cause the corruption of those in charge. In this research, these principles are presented along with their Islamic basis. It is also stated what effect each of these cases will have on preserving Islam in the ruling system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expediency" title="expediency">expediency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20ruling" title=" Islamic ruling"> Islamic ruling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20principles" title=" Islamic principles"> Islamic principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165483/islams-expediency-the-poison-and-the-antidote-of-islamic-government" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1079</span> Statistic Regression and Open Data Approach for Identifying Economic Indicators That Influence e-Commerce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apollinaire%20Barme">Apollinaire Barme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Tamayo"> Simon Tamayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthur%20Gaudron"> Arthur Gaudron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a statistical approach to identify explanatory variables linearly related to e-commerce sales. The proposed methodology allows specifying a regression model in order to quantify the relevance between openly available data (economic and demographic) and national e-commerce sales. The proposed methodology consists in collecting data, preselecting input variables, performing regressions for choosing variables and models, testing and validating. The usefulness of the proposed approach is twofold: on the one hand, it allows identifying the variables that influence e- commerce sales with an accessible approach. And on the other hand, it can be used to model future sales from the input variables. Results show that e-commerce is linearly dependent on 11 economic and demographic indicators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20modeling" title=" statistical modeling"> statistical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20research" title=" empirical research"> empirical research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90284/statistic-regression-and-open-data-approach-for-identifying-economic-indicators-that-influence-e-commerce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1078</span> The Role of Optimization and Machine Learning in e-Commerce Logistics in 2030</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincenzo%20Capalbo">Vincenzo Capalbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianpaolo%20Ghiani"> Gianpaolo Ghiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emanuele%20Manni"> Emanuele Manni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global e-commerce sales have reached unprecedented levels in the past few years. As this trend is only predicted to go up as we continue into the ’20s, new challenges will be faced by companies when planning and controlling e-commerce logistics. In this paper, we survey the related literature on Optimization and Machine Learning as well as on combined methodologies. We also identify the distinctive features of next-generation planning algorithms - namely scalability, model-and-run features and learning capabilities - that will be fundamental to cope with the scale and complexity of logistics in the next decade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware%20acceleration" title=" hardware acceleration"> hardware acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics" title=" logistics"> logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20integer%20programming" title=" mixed integer programming"> mixed integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129028/the-role-of-optimization-and-machine-learning-in-e-commerce-logistics-in-2030" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1077</span> The Tense Dichotomy Between Shari'ah Compliance and the Goals of an Economic Bank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camille%20Paldi">Camille Paldi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tense dichotomy between Shari’ah compliance and the economic goals of an Islamic Bank produces a proliferation of reverse engineered products, which are barely in compliance with Islamic law. The result is basically a hybrid conventional banking system with conventional products in Islamic disguise using Arabic and Islamic terminology. Many Islamic financial professionals and academics advocate for the use of conventional products and devices despite their non-Shari’ah compliance based on commercial necessity and the need to compete. However, this dangerous trend will lead to the demise of the Islamic finance industry. Rather than thoughtlessly following conventional products and practice, Islamic finance professionals should delve into the Shari’ah to find the answers to the current Islamic banking conundrum and lead the industry on the right path of developing Shari’ah based products and using Shari’ah devices to hedge risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title="Islamic banking">Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shari%27ah" title=" Shari'ah"> Shari'ah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title=" investment"> investment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7005/the-tense-dichotomy-between-shariah-compliance-and-the-goals-of-an-economic-bank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1076</span> Settlement of Dispute and the Islamic Financial Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Sani%20Abubakar">Yusuf Sani Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). Dispute settlement at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) can be both through litigation as well as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The paper aims to investigate how disputes are settled at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs), as it is natural to have disagreements between different parties involved in the business of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). The paper adopts a qualitative methodology where the sources are taken from journals, books, websites etc. In analyzing the data obtained from the sources, content analysis will be used. In addition to writings on this topic by various writers, this paper will add to the literature and will recommend certain effective ways of solving disputes arising between parties participating in the business of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20finance" title="Islamic finance">Islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute%20resolution" title=" dispute resolution"> dispute resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20financial%20institutions" title=" Islamic financial institutions"> Islamic financial institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litigation" title=" litigation"> litigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154969/settlement-of-dispute-and-the-islamic-financial-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1075</span> Cryptocurrency-Based Mobile Payments with Near-Field Communication-Enabled Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Niinimaki">Marko Niinimaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cryptocurrencies are getting increasingly popular, but very few of them can be conveniently used in daily mobile phone purchases. To solve this problem, we demonstrate how to build a functional prototype of a mobile cryptocurrency-based e-commerce application the communicates with Near-Field Communication (NFC) tags. Using the system, users are able to purchase physical items with an NFC tag that contains an e-commerce URL. The payment is done simply by touching the tag with a mobile device and accepting the payment. Our method is constructive: we describe the design and technologies used in the implementation and evaluate the security and performance of the solution. Our main finding is that the analysis and measurements show that our solution is feasible for e-commerce. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptocurrency" title="cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFC" title=" NFC"> NFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20devices" title=" mobile devices"> mobile devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96702/cryptocurrency-based-mobile-payments-with-near-field-communication-enabled-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1074</span> Value Analysis of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking to Measure Value Co-Creation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Javed">Amna Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisashi%20Masuda"> Hisashi Masuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youji%20Kohda"> Youji Kohda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the value analysis in Islamic and conventional banking services in Pakistan. Many scholars have focused on co-creation of values in services but mainly economic values not non-economic. As Islamic banking is based on Islamic principles that are more concerned with non-economic values (well-being, partnership, fairness, trust worthy, and justice) than economic values as money in terms of interest. This study is important to know the providers point of view about the co-created values, because, it may be more sustainable and appropriate for today’s unpredictable socioeconomic environment. Data were collected from 4 banks (2 Islamic and 2 conventional banks). Text mining technique is applied for data analysis, and values with 100% occurrences in Islamic banking are chosen. The results reflect that Islamic banking is more centric towards non-economic values than economic values and it promotes team work and partnership concept by applying Islamic spirit and trust worthiness concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20values" title="economic values">economic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-economic%20values" title=" non-economic values"> non-economic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20system" title=" value system"> value system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2430/value-analysis-of-islamic-banking-and-conventional-banking-to-measure-value-co-creation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1073</span> Blame Classification through N-Grams in E-Commerce Customer Reviews</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhadeep%20Mandal">Subhadeep Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujoy%20Bhattacharya"> Sujoy Bhattacharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pabitra%20Mitra"> Pabitra Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diya%20Guha%20Roy"> Diya Guha Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Bhattacharya"> Seema Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E-commerce firms allow customers to evaluate and review the things they buy as a positive or bad experience. The e-commerce transaction processes are made up of a variety of diverse organizations and activities that operate independently but are connected together to complete the transaction (from placing an order to the goods reaching the client). After a negative shopping experience, clients frequently disregard the critical assessment of these businesses and submit their feedback on an all-over basis, which benefits certain enterprises but is tedious for others. In this article, we solely dealt with negative reviews and attempted to distinguish between negative reviews where the e-commerce firm is explicitly blamed by customers for a bad purchasing experience and other negative reviews. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20shopping" title=" online shopping"> online shopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20reviews" title=" customer reviews"> customer reviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20behaviour" title=" customer behaviour"> customer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20analytics" title=" text analytics"> text analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-grams%20classification" title=" n-grams classification"> n-grams classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168088/blame-classification-through-n-grams-in-e-commerce-customer-reviews" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1072</span> Implementation of 'Bay Al-Salam' in Agricultural Banking of Bangladesh: An Islamic Banking Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Obydul%20Haque%20Kamaly">M. Obydul Haque Kamaly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to provide a brief discussion on bay al-salam as a method of implementing Islamic Banking in the agricultural arena of Bangladesh. For this purpose, the nature and conditions of bay al-salam contracts will be first discussed. Next, the paper will focus on the comparison between conventional banks and Islamic banks and should answer how bay al-salam can be used as a popular method in agricultural transactions in the country. The paper is based on secondary data which is to describe bay al-salam as future proceedings for Islamic banking. Evidence suggests Islamic banking is very much practiced like modern conventional banking with certain restrictions imposed by Sharia and addresses a large number of business requirements successfully. Thus, it’s time for us to implement Islamic banking (bay al-salam) on our agricultural arena and to get most benefits from them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bay%20al-salam" title="bay al-salam">bay al-salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20banking" title=" agricultural banking"> agricultural banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76421/implementation-of-bay-al-salam-in-agricultural-banking-of-bangladesh-an-islamic-banking-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1071</span> A Study of Barriers and Challenges Associated with Agriculture E-commerce in Afghanistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khwaja%20Bahman%20Qaderi">Khwaja Bahman Qaderi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noorullah%20Rafiqee"> Noorullah Rafiqee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: With today's increasing Internet users, e-commerce has become a viable model for strengthening relationships between sellers, entrepreneurs, and consumers due to its speed, efficiency, and cost reduction. Agriculture is the economic backbone for 80 percent of the Afghan population. According to MCIT statistics, there are currently around 10 million internet users in Afghanistan. With this data, it was expected that Afghan people should have utilized e-commerce in their agricultural aspects, although it appears to be less used. Objective: This study examines the scope of e-commerce in Afghanistan's agriculture enterprises, how they harness the potential of internet users, and what obstacles they face in implementing e-commerce in their businesses. Method: The study distributed a 39-question questionnaire to agribusinesses in five different zones of Afghanistan. After extracting the responses and excluding the incomplete questionnaires, 280 were included in the analysis step to perform a non-parametric sign test. Result: E-commerce in Afghanistan faces four major political, economic, Internet, and technological obstacles, and no company in the country has implemented e-commerce. In addition, e-commerce is still in its infancy among agricultural companies in the country. Internet use is still primarily limited to email and sharing product images on Facebook & Instagram for advertising purposes. There are no companies that conduct international transactions via the Internet. Conclusion: This study contributes to knowing the challenges and barriers that the agriculture e-commerce faces in Afghanistan to find the effective solutions to use the capacity of internet users in the country and increase the sales rate of agricultural products through the Internet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-commerce" title="E-commerce">E-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers%20and%20challenges" title=" barriers and challenges"> barriers and challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture%20companies" title=" agriculture companies"> agriculture companies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghanistan" title=" Afghanistan"> Afghanistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165772/a-study-of-barriers-and-challenges-associated-with-agriculture-e-commerce-in-afghanistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1070</span> A Simulation Model to Analyze the Impact of Virtual Responsiveness in an E-Commerce Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Godwin">T. Godwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of a supply chain always entails the trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency. The launch of e-commerce has not only changed the way of shopping but also altered the supply chain design while trading off efficiency with responsiveness. A concept called ‘virtual responsiveness’ is introduced in the context of e-commerce supply chain. A simulation model is developed to compare actual responsiveness and virtual responsiveness to the customer in an e-commerce supply chain. The simulation is restricted to the movement of goods from the e-tailer to the customer. Customer demand follows a statistical distribution and is generated using inverse transformation technique. The two responsiveness schemes of the supply chain are compared in terms of the minimum number of inventory required at the e-tailer to fulfill the orders. Computational results show the savings achieved through virtual responsiveness. The insights gained from this study could be used to redesign e-commerce supply chain by incorporating virtual responsiveness. A part of the achieved cost savings could be passed back to the customer, thereby making the supply chain both effective and competitive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20modeling" title=" simulation modeling"> simulation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20responsiveness" title=" virtual responsiveness"> virtual responsiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58603/a-simulation-model-to-analyze-the-impact-of-virtual-responsiveness-in-an-e-commerce-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1069</span> Performance Assessment of Islamic Banks in the Light of Maqasid Al-Shariah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Ammar">Asma Ammar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being different in theory and practice from their conventional counterparts, this research aims to assess the performance of Islamic banks beyond the financial performance by emphasizing their ethical and social identity based on the higher purposes of Islamic law, namely Maqasid al-Shariah. Using Imam al-Ghazali’s theory of Maqasid al-Shariah and Sekaran’s (2000) method, we develop a Maqasid-based index including the five objectives of Shariah (preservation of life, religion, intellect, posterity, and wealth). Our sample covers 9 Islamic banks considered among the largest Islamic banks in the world. For the five years of study (2017-2021), our results reveal that the highest score is performed by Bank Muamalat while the least score is given to Dubai Islamic Bank. The overall Maqasid performance of the sample is unimpressive, indicating that there is a lack of achievement in Maqasid al-Shariah performance of Islamic banks. Consequently, serious measures should be taken by Islamic banks to improve their Maqasid performance and thus contribute effectively to the socio-economic development of the countries in which they operate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maqasid%20al-Shariah" title="Maqasid al-Shariah">Maqasid al-Shariah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maqasid%20al-Shariah%20index" title=" Maqasid al-Shariah index"> Maqasid al-Shariah index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banks" title=" Islamic banks"> Islamic banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20assessment" title=" performance assessment"> performance assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163513/performance-assessment-of-islamic-banks-in-the-light-of-maqasid-al-shariah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1068</span> Untapped Market of Islamic Pension Fund: Muslim Attitude and Expectation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunice%20Karina%20Tumewang">Yunice Karina Tumewang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As we have seen, the number of Muslim and their awareness toward financial products and services that conform to Islamic principles are growing rapidly today. Thus, it makes the market environment potentially beneficial for Shari-compliant funds with the expanding prospective client base. However, over the last decade, only small portion of this huge potential market has been covered by the established Islamic asset management firms. This study aims to examine the factors of this untapped market particularly in the demand side. This study will use the qualitative method with primary data through a questionnaire distributed to 500 samples of Muslim population. It will shed light on Muslim attitudes and expectations toward Sharia-compliant retirement planning and pensions. It will also help to raise the awareness of market players to see Islamic pension fund as a promising industry in the foreseeable future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20marketing" title="Islamic marketing">Islamic marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20finance" title=" Islamic finance"> Islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20asset%20management" title=" Islamic asset management"> Islamic asset management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20pension%20fund" title=" Islamic pension fund"> Islamic pension fund</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72348/untapped-market-of-islamic-pension-fund-muslim-attitude-and-expectation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1067</span> Affinity between Sociology and Islamic Economy: An Inquiry into the Possibilities of Social Constructivism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideki%20Kitamura">Hideki Kitamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since Islamic banking has broadly started in the late 1970s, Islamic economy has been paid much attention by both academia and the business world. However, despite abundant studies, descriptive exploration of practices of Islamic economy from a sociological/anthropological perspective is underrepresented, and most are basically designed for evaluating current practice or proposing ideal types of Islamic economy in accordance with their religious conviction. Overall, their interest is not paid to actors of Islamic economy such as practitioner’s decision-making and thought, while sociological/anthropological studies on Muslim’s religious life can be observed well. Herein, the paper aims to look into the possibilities of sociology/anthropology for exploration of the role of actors of Islamic economy, by revisiting the benefit of sociological/anthropological studies on the religion of Islam and its adaptability to the research on Islamic economy. The paper suggests that practices of Islamic economy can be assumed as results of practitioner’s dilemma between Islamic ideals and market realities in each society, by applying the perspective of social constructivism. The paper then proposes focusing on the human agency of practitioners in translating Islamic principles into economic behavior, thereby enabling a more descriptive inquiry into how Islamic economy is produced and operated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20economy" title="Islamic economy">Islamic economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20sociology%2Fanthropology" title=" economic sociology/anthropology"> economic sociology/anthropology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20agency" title=" human agency"> human agency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20constructivism" title=" social constructivism"> social constructivism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103639/affinity-between-sociology-and-islamic-economy-an-inquiry-into-the-possibilities-of-social-constructivism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1066</span> Garden Culture in Islamic Civilization: A Glance at the Birth, Development and Current Situation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parisa%20G%C3%B6ker">Parisa Göker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the birth of Islam, the definitions of paradise in Quran have spread across three continents since 7<sup>th</sup> century, showing itself in the palace gardens as a reflection of Islamic Culture. The design characteristics of Islamic gardens come forth with the influence of religious beliefs, as well as taking its form as per the cultural, climatic and soil characteristics of its geography, and showing its difference. It is possible to see these differences from the garden examples that survived to present time from the civilizations in the lands of Islamic proliferation. The main material of this research is the Islamic gardens in Iran and Spain. Field study was carried out in Alhambra Palace in Spain, Granada and Shah Goli garden in Iran, Tabriz. In this study, the birth of Islamic gardens, spatial perception of paradise, design principles, spatial structure, along with the structural/plantation materials used are examined. Also the characteristics and differentiation of the gardens examined in different cultures and geographies have been revealed. In the conclusion section, Iran and Spain Islamic garden samples were evaluated and their properties were determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20civilization" title="Islamic civilization">Islamic civilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20architecture" title=" Islamic architecture"> Islamic architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20landscape" title=" cultural landscape"> cultural landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20garden" title=" Islamic garden "> Islamic garden </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117251/garden-culture-in-islamic-civilization-a-glance-at-the-birth-development-and-current-situation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1065</span> Curbing of Excesses of Women in Politics: Islamic Law Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jumat%20Dasuki">Muhammad Jumat Dasuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The curbing of excesses of women in politics is a topic that has been extensively studied in the field of Islamic law. This issue is complex and involves various cultural and religious factors, making it a highly debated topic. This paper examines the role of Islamic law in regulating the behavior of women in politics. In many Islamic societies, women face restrictions and limitations when it comes to their participation in the political sphere. This paper investigates the reasons behind these restrictions and analyzes how Islamic law can be used to curb any excesses that may arise from women's involvement in politics. By examining various case studies and analyzing the principles of Islamic law, this paper sheds light on the issue of women's participation in politics and provides potential solutions for balancing their rights and duties according to Islamic law. The methodology includes primary sources through in-depth oral interviews and secondary sources like textbooks and journals, aiming for a holistic understanding of the ethical dimensions of support initiatives within the context of Islamic Law to establish the fairness of Islam Law in its approach to women in politics. The paper concludes with suggestions and recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excess" title="excess">excess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title=" Islamic law"> Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principles" title=" principles"> principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185766/curbing-of-excesses-of-women-in-politics-islamic-law-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1064</span> The Factors Affecting Customers’ Trust on Electronic Commerce Website of Retail Business in Bangkok</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supattra%20Kanchanopast">Supattra Kanchanopast</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to identify factors that influenced the trust of e-commerce within retail businesses. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the researcher collected data from random e-commerce users in Bangkok. The data was comprised of the results of 382 questionnaires. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, which included frequency, percentages, and the standard deviation of pertinent factors. Multiple regression analysis was also used. The findings of this research revealed that the majority of the respondents were female, 25-40 years old, and graduated a bachelor degree. The respondents mostly worked in private sectors and had monthly income between 15,000-25,000 baht. The findings also indicate that information quality factors, website design factors, service quality factor, security factor and advertising factors as significant factors effecting customer trust of e-commerce in online retail. The hypotheses testing revealed that these factors in e-commerce had an effect on customer’s trust in the same direction with high level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20retail" title=" online retail"> online retail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Retail%20business" title=" Retail business"> Retail business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=website" title=" website"> website</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39993/the-factors-affecting-customers-trust-on-electronic-commerce-website-of-retail-business-in-bangkok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1063</span> The Reality of E-Commerce in Egypt and Its Role in Enhancing Companies' Competitiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esam%20El%20Gohary">Esam El Gohary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> — The companies’ ability to survive and compete in the fierce competition is determined by its competitiveness level. With the spread of information technology use and appearance of online shopping, it became crucial for companies to adopt e-commerce system to increase its competitiveness. This paper was conducted with the purpose of determine how increasing the service value through e-commerce factors (competitive strategy, ICT infrastructures, logistics, security, human resources and innovation) can enhance companies' competitiveness. The problem of this paper is summarized in the absence of the thorough awareness of e-commerce benefits for business owners and customers, as well as how to reduce the intangibility attributes of e-commerce. For this purpose this paper describes the e-commerce in Egypt and its success factors (infrastructures, legal and regulatory environment, human resources and innovation), as well as displays the barriers of such factor, to investigate the significant of these factors on increasing service value and enhance companies' competitiveness. This paper revealed that e-commerce companies have many opportunities to enhance its competitiveness in Egypt, which is enhanced by several factors. The most important factors are “strong ICT infrastructure, qualified and skilled human resources, in addition to the distinctive logistics that distinguish Egypt due to its location, strong legal and regulatory environment and Innovation, as well as the competitive strategy. As well as, companies encounter several threats such as; the lack of infrastructures and logistics in rural areas, the absence of the inclusive understanding and awareness of e-commerce, fear from e-payment transactions and fraud, the ambiguity and burdensome of customs. Through the research findings several recommendations were introduced to both government and companies to overcome threats and exploit opportunities to improve performance and enhance companies' competitiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce%20competitiveness" title="e-commerce competitiveness">e-commerce competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce%20factors" title=" e-commerce factors"> e-commerce factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce%20in%20Egypt" title=" e-commerce in Egypt"> e-commerce in Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100755/the-reality-of-e-commerce-in-egypt-and-its-role-in-enhancing-companies-competitiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1062</span> Predisposition of Small Scale Businesses in Fagge, Kano State, Nigeria, Towards Profit and Loss Sharing Mode of Finance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farida">Farida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shehu"> M. Shehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehu%20U.%20R.%20Aliyu"> Shehu U. R. Aliyu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to finance has been recognized in the literature as one of the major impediments confronting small scale businesses (SSBs). This largely arises due to high lending rate, religious inclinations, collateral, etc. Islamic mode finance operates under Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) arrangement between a borrower (business owner) and a lender (Islamic bank). This paper empirically assesses the determinants of predisposition of small scale business operators in Fagge local government area, Kano State, Nigeria, towards the PLS. Cross-sectional data from a sample of 291 small scale business operators was analyzed using logit and probit regression models. Empirical results reveal that while awareness and religion inclination positively drive interest towards the PLS, lending rate and collateral work against it. The paper, therefore, strongly recommends more advocacy campaigns and setting up of more Islamic banks in the country to cater for the financing and religious needs of SSBs in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20finance" title="Islamic finance">Islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logit%20and%20probit%20models" title=" logit and probit models"> logit and probit models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit%20and%20loss%20sharing%20small%20scale%20businesses" title=" profit and loss sharing small scale businesses"> profit and loss sharing small scale businesses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commerce" title=" commerce"> commerce</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4287/predisposition-of-small-scale-businesses-in-fagge-kano-state-nigeria-towards-profit-and-loss-sharing-mode-of-finance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20commerce&page=1" rel="prev">‹</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20commerce&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20commerce&page=3">3</a></li> <li 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