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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/JerzyOniszczuk","location":"/JerzyOniszczuk","scheme":"https","host":"sgh-pl.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JerzyOniszczuk","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-d733a588-bd1f-4e1e-9038-92ae121a3544"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-d733a588-bd1f-4e1e-9038-92ae121a3544"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jerzy Oniszczuk" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/63044583/16361073/16744405/s200_jerzy.oniszczuk.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Jerzy Oniszczuk</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/">Warsaw School of Economics</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/Departments/Collegium_of_Socio_Economics/Documents">Collegium of Socio-Economics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Jerzy" data-follow-user-id="63044583" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="63044583"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">248</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">59</p></div></a><a href="/JerzyOniszczuk/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">My research is largely focused on theoretical issues of Law and State, such as the development of concepts of law and the creation, interpretation and application of law. I have published widely also on Labour Law. Additionally, my research extends to constitutional problems; I have carried out studies on Constitutional Tribunal case-law and the question of Human Rights and Freedoms within the Constitution. Another field of my interest is the Ancient Greek Thought.<br />As a Visiting Scholar I spent two semesters in 2013 at the East Central European Center, Columbia University, New York, and one semester in 2012 at the Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago. I was the Organiser and Director of the Constitutional Tribunal Analysis Team (1996-2002) and the Constitutional Tribunal’s observer throughout the Constitutional Commission (1996). Within the Round Table Sessions I participated in discussions and drawing up Labour Laws and working on human rights reforms (1989).<br />Among my publications there are over 30 books and over 140 articles, as well as numerous reviews and reports.<br /><b>Address: </b>www.oniszczuk.edu.pl<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63044583">View All (12)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63044583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filozofia_Prawa"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/JerzyOniszczuk","location":"/JerzyOniszczuk","scheme":"https","host":"sgh-pl.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JerzyOniszczuk","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Filozofia Prawa"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-dbc36af1-b600-413e-a288-1236eca828f8"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-dbc36af1-b600-413e-a288-1236eca828f8"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63044583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filozofia_panstwa_i_prawa"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Filozofia państwa i prawa"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-689ac082-d224-4555-bb16-785844a8f2ff"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-689ac082-d224-4555-bb16-785844a8f2ff"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63044583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prawa_Czlowieka"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Prawa Człowieka"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-afcd30a4-1e98-4812-9891-21883e1e72e2"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-afcd30a4-1e98-4812-9891-21883e1e72e2"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63044583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prawo_Konstytucyjne"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Prawo Konstytucyjne"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-b3797ad1-6fde-41f1-9ad1-31ee39c9fd6b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-b3797ad1-6fde-41f1-9ad1-31ee39c9fd6b"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63044583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prawo_pracy"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Prawo pracy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-92d3c6c5-4bd6-431f-9c30-acad4cbec2a8"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-92d3c6c5-4bd6-431f-9c30-acad4cbec2a8"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>16</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>52</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers---Archaic-Greek-Thought" data-toggle="tab" href="#papersarchaicgreekthought" role="tab" title="Papers - Archaic Greek Thought"><span>19</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers - Archaic Greek Thought</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Jerzy Oniszczuk</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43957528"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43957528/J_Oniszczuk_Homerycki_klucz_do_pojmowania_dziej%C3%B3w_Hybris_nomos_polis_Oficyna_Wydawnicza_SGH_Warszawa_2020"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of J. Oniszczuk, Homerycki klucz do pojmowania dziejów. Hybris, nomos, polis, Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warszawa 2020" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64284301/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43957528/J_Oniszczuk_Homerycki_klucz_do_pojmowania_dziej%C3%B3w_Hybris_nomos_polis_Oficyna_Wydawnicza_SGH_Warszawa_2020">J. Oniszczuk, Homerycki klucz do pojmowania dziejów. 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Writing methods" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112409023/Writing_legislation_as_an_instrument_of_public_policy_Writing_methods">Writing legislation as an instrument of public policy. Writing methods</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia z Polityki Publicznej</span><span>, Sep 1, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112409023"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112409023"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112409023; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112409023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=112409023]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112409023; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='112409023']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 112409023, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=112409023]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":112409023,"title":"Writing legislation as an instrument of public policy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="112408998"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/112408998/%C5%B9r%C3%B3d%C5%82a_prawa_w_%C5%9Bwietle_orzecznictwa_Trybuna%C5%82u_Konstytucyjnego"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Źródła prawa w świetle orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/112408998/%C5%B9r%C3%B3d%C5%82a_prawa_w_%C5%9Bwietle_orzecznictwa_Trybuna%C5%82u_Konstytucyjnego">Źródła prawa w świetle orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia Prawnicze</span><span>, Apr 30, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="112408998"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="112408998"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 112408998; 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Demokracja przeciw prawu. Hybris radykałów" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/68066699/Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokracja_przeciw_prawu_Hybris_radyka%C5%82%C3%B3w">Kwestie peloponeskie. Demokracja przeciw prawu. Hybris radykałów</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The defeat of the Hellenes in the Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B. C. happened a number of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The defeat of the Hellenes in the Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B. C. happened a number of centuries after a deathly silence following the Trojan War and so called dark ages (lasting three centuries) as well as after popular stories on heroes of Mycenae and after poetic (Homer) times of storytelling. Those stories created an idea organizing a new world of archaic Greeks. The Peloponnesian events closed – in a way again – the certain order; this time it was the order of democrats characterized by the hubris of aristocracy (Athens) and the order of oligarchs characterized by the arrogance of democrats (Sparta). 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Results of this war are expressed by a conclusion on the c...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="68066699"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68066699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68066699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68066699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68066699]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68066699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='68066699']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68066699, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=68066699]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":68066699,"title":"Kwestie peloponeskie. 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Technika budowy tekstu" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/75148940/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/62354036/Tworzenie_akt%C3%B3w_normatywnych_jako_instrument_polityki_publicznej_Technika_budowy_tekstu">Tworzenie aktów normatywnych jako instrument polityki publicznej. Technika budowy tekstu</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia z Polityki Publicznej</span><span>, Sep 1, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="abe1e4a0aedded27e183843eb31b6be2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":75148940,"asset_id":62354036,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75148940/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="62354036"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62354036"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62354036; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62354036]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62354036]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62354036; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='62354036']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62354036, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "abe1e4a0aedded27e183843eb31b6be2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=62354036]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":62354036,"title":"Tworzenie aktów normatywnych jako instrument polityki publicznej. Technika budowy tekstu","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Warsaw School of Economics","grobid_abstract":"Tworzenie aktów normatywnych jako instrument polityki publicznej. Technika budowy tekstu nr 3(3)2014 Jerzy Oniszczuk Tworzenie aktów normatywnych jako instrument polityki publicznej. Technika budowy tekstu Streszczenie W zakresie problematyki tworzenia prawa znajduje się m.in. sprawa techniki budowy tekstu aktu normatywnego, np. ustawy. Konstruowanie tekstu aktu normatywnego oznacza w tym wypadku zorganizowanie czy zakodowanie treści pewnej reguły w konwencjonalnie zaprojektowaną formę pisemną. Tworzenie aktów normatywnych zbliżone jest do pisania dzieła literackiego o szczególnym charakterze, tj. takiego, które ma wpływać na postępowanie ludzi. Wspomniana konwencjonalność budowy aktu i znajomość sposobu kodowania umożliwia następnie-ilekroć to będzie konieczne-wydobycie z tej struktury przepisów zawartej w nich normy. Wiedza legislacyjna, o której tu mowa, dotyczy elementów tekstu aktu normatywnego, a zwłaszcza przepisów o różnym charakterze, dyrektyw konstruowania aktu normatywnego, redagowania jego przepisów, systematyki (struktury) tekstu, a także zasad zmieniania, ujednolicania i tzw. uelastyczniania tekstu aktu normatywnego. Rozwój techniki legislacyjnej i stała dbałość o utrzymanie wysokiego jej poziomu w praktyce prawotwórczej ma ogromne znaczenie dla pewności prawa i zaufania obywateli do państwa. Słowa kluczowe: zasady techniki prawodawczej, przepis prawny, definicja legalna, dyrektywy budowy tekstu normatywnego, jednostki redakcyjne aktu normatywnego, nowelizacja aktu normatywnego, ujednolicanie tekstu aktu normatywnego, elastyczność tekstu aktu prawnego, państwo prawne Writing legislation as an instrument of public policy. Writing methods Abstract There is no law making without law writing. Creating an act of law means organizing (coding) a rule into a strictly designed form. That form and the knowledge of coding allows a reader to extract rules from statues. The knowledge necessary for law writing 26 Jerzy Oniszczuk Studia z Polityki Publicznej includes but is not limited to the following elements of acts of law: statues, directives, editing, text structure, rules for amending and unifying etc. Development of legislative techniques and quality control in law writing are necessary to provide high quality law that citizens can trust. Keywords: rules of law making, statues of law, legal definition, directives for construction of normative text, edition of normative act, unification of normative act, amending, elasticity of act of law, rule of law Uwagi ogólne. Akt prawotwórczy Uwagi dotyczące tworzenia aktów prawnych pojawiają się jako składowa szerszej refleksji poświęconej \"tworzeniu prawa\". Pojęcie to bowiem obejmuje m.in. refleksje nad tworzeniem tzw. źródeł prawa 1 , zasad tworzenia prawa 2 , zasad porządku prawnego czy systemu norm prawnych, dotyczy procesu kształtowania aktów prawnych, regulacji prawnej procesu tworzenia prawa bądź reguł prawnych jako zwrotów językowych. Tworzenie prawa budzi zainteresowanie z różnych punktów widzenia, np. polityki i praktyki tworzenia prawa danego systemu, sposobów powstawania prawa, społecznych mechanizmów decyzji prawotwórczych, konstruowania modelu teoretycznego tworzenia prawa, wartościowania procesów prawotwórczych czy przedkładania postulatów dotyczących prawa. W obszarze teorii prawa rozważany jest np. problem tzw. racjonalnego modelu tworzenia prawa 3 i formy kształtowania prawa w postaci stanowienia bądź praktyki. Refleksje nad formułowaniem prawa pojawiają się także w kontekście realizowania polityki społeczno-gospodarczej. W niniejszym ujęciu chodzi o budowanie aktów prawnych (normatywnych), tj. obmyślanie i nadawanie mu pewnej rozumnej formy. 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Mostly, it is noticed that the states ruled by law are characterized by the fact that the power is exercised by the set of abstract principles which govern the conduct of all people (a general norm) by equal rules, in opposition to the state governed by people (the order of an individual or group of individuals). Such a state acts on the basis of law and within its limits. The above statement corresponds with the apprehension of the law-abiding state. The law observing state is formally characterized by functioning on the basis of, and within the limits of law whereas its substantial dimension means that the law is equal (equal for everyone). This description is not sufficient to characterize the rule of the law state. It is only a fragment of even broader concept of the democratic state ruled by law. Keywords: democratic state ruled by law, rule of law, legitimacy, legalism, rule of law, law-abiding state principles, the principle of trust in the state and the law. Pojęcie państwa prawnego Streszczenie Współcześnie ustroje wielu państw są opisywane jako ustroje państw prawnych, praworządnych czy demokratycznych państw prawnych. Zwykle zauważa się, że cechą państwa prawnego, inaczej niż w wypadku państwa rządzonego przez ludzi (np. rozkaz jednostki), jest to, że władzę sprawuje system abstrakcyjnych reguł, które kierują postępowaniem wszystkich ludzi (generalna norma) na jednakowych zasadach. Takie państwo działa na podstawie i w granicach prawa. Powyższe stwierdzenie odpowiada w zasadzie pojmowaniu państwa praworządnego. Państwo praworządne formalnie cechuje bowiem działanie na podstawie i w granicach prawa, zaś jego wymiar materialny oznacza, że prawo jest jednakowe (równe) dla wszystkich. Opis ten nie wystarczy dla scharakteryzowania państwa prawnego. 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Oniszczuk, Platońska Akademia prawa i wychowania, w: Między ideowością a pragmatyzmem – tworzenie, wykładnia i stosowanie prawa. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesor Małgorzacie Gersdorf, red. K. Rączka i in., Warszawa 2022, s. 1337-1354" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99119710/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97521335/J_Oniszczuk_Plato%C5%84ska_Akademia_prawa_i_wychowania_w_Mi%C4%99dzy_ideowo%C5%9Bci%C4%85_a_pragmatyzmem_tworzenie_wyk%C5%82adnia_i_stosowanie_prawa_Ksi%C4%99ga_jubileuszowa_dedykowana_Profesor_Ma%C5%82gorzacie_Gersdorf_red_K_R%C4%85czka_i_in_Warszawa_2022_s_1337_1354">J. Oniszczuk, Platońska Akademia prawa i wychowania, w: Między ideowością a pragmatyzmem – tworzenie, wykładnia i stosowanie prawa. 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Happy Life of Citizens as the Sense of a Polis, in: M. Bator-Bryła, S. Paruch, K. Spryszak (Eds.), Main Challenges for Democracy, the Rule of Law, and the Protection of Human Rights in the Modern World, Toruń 2022, pp. 87-122" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84414125/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76860235/J_Oniszczuk_Plato_the_Lawmaker_Happy_Life_of_Citizens_as_the_Sense_of_a_Polis_in_M_Bator_Bry%C5%82a_S_Paruch_K_Spryszak_Eds_Main_Challenges_for_Democracy_the_Rule_of_Law_and_the_Protection_of_Human_Rights_in_the_Modern_World_Toru%C5%84_2022_pp_87_122">J.Oniszczuk, Plato the Lawmaker. Happy Life of Citizens as the Sense of a Polis, in: M. Bator-Bryła, S. Paruch, K. Spryszak (Eds.), Main Challenges for Democracy, the Rule of Law, and the Protection of Human Rights in the Modern World, Toruń 2022, pp. 87-122</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a1f27c3c6b804eee42475877582115e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84414125,"asset_id":76860235,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84414125/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76860235"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76860235"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76860235; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76860235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76860235]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76860235; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76860235']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76860235, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a1f27c3c6b804eee42475877582115e8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76860235]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76860235,"title":"J.Oniszczuk, Plato the Lawmaker. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="71108701"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/71108701/J_Oniszczuk_Edyp_epidemia_w_polis_Nakaz_poznawania_i_rozumienia_w_Powszechny_system_ochrony_praw_cz%C5%82owieka_w_czasie_wyzwa%C5%84_pandemicznych_red_Jerzy_Jaskiernia_Kamil_Spryszak_Toru%C5%84_2021_s_27_51"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of J. Oniszczuk, Edyp - epidemia w polis. Nakaz poznawania i rozumienia, w: Powszechny system ochrony praw człowieka w czasie wyzwań pandemicznych, red. Jerzy Jaskiernia, Kamil Spryszak, Toruń 2021, s. 27-51" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80600166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/71108701/J_Oniszczuk_Edyp_epidemia_w_polis_Nakaz_poznawania_i_rozumienia_w_Powszechny_system_ochrony_praw_cz%C5%82owieka_w_czasie_wyzwa%C5%84_pandemicznych_red_Jerzy_Jaskiernia_Kamil_Spryszak_Toru%C5%84_2021_s_27_51">J. Oniszczuk, Edyp - epidemia w polis. Nakaz poznawania i rozumienia, w: Powszechny system ochrony praw człowieka w czasie wyzwań pandemicznych, red. Jerzy Jaskiernia, Kamil Spryszak, Toruń 2021, s. 27-51</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What seems to be the core of „Oedipus the King” by Sophocles is his reflection over human hubris,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What seems to be the core of „Oedipus the King” by Sophocles is his reflection over human hubris, guilt, and responsibility, but, above all, an attempt of Oedipus to replace metaphysics by reason and to use logic and rational reasoning to acquire knowledge. Such rationalism also serves comprehension of relations between those phenomena.<br />Thus, this dramatist-philosopher could ask a contemporary man, experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, whether he understands what conceived the tragedy of Oedipus and the decline of the Greek cities. He might also ask: what wisdom and values this contemporary man opted for in his life? Who and what does such wisdom favours? And to continue, ancient dramatist could inquire if we noticed how tragedy lurks in the shadows behind the life of the bans who lead the carefree life, unwilling to find out the truth. Does not he realize that not only excessive pride and arrogance brings hubris? But what is more, also forsaking thorough investigation to seek the truth can result in hubris. Possibly, Sophocles might be satisfied with the fact that people „asleep” became partly awaken, since during the pandemic we do not approach priestor rulers but we rather hope in science. Pandemic cause the emphasis shift from citizens of the state to inhabitants of the planet Earth.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="174e93167ace8cc10345259823fdf80b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80600166,"asset_id":71108701,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80600166/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="71108701"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71108701"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71108701; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71108701]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71108701]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71108701; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='71108701']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71108701, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "174e93167ace8cc10345259823fdf80b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=71108701]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":71108701,"title":"J. Oniszczuk, Edyp - epidemia w polis. Nakaz poznawania i rozumienia, w: Powszechny system ochrony praw człowieka w czasie wyzwań pandemicznych, red. Jerzy Jaskiernia, Kamil Spryszak, Toruń 2021, s. 27-51","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"What seems to be the core of „Oedipus the King” by Sophocles is his reflection over human hubris, guilt, and responsibility, but, above all, an attempt of Oedipus to replace metaphysics by reason and to use logic and rational reasoning to acquire knowledge. Such rationalism also serves comprehension of relations between those phenomena.\nThus, this dramatist-philosopher could ask a contemporary man, experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, whether he understands what conceived the tragedy of Oedipus and the decline of the Greek cities. He might also ask: what wisdom and values this contemporary man opted for in his life? Who and what does such wisdom favours? And to continue, ancient dramatist could inquire if we noticed how tragedy lurks in the shadows behind the life of the bans who lead the carefree life, unwilling to find out the truth. Does not he realize that not only excessive pride and arrogance brings hubris? But what is more, also forsaking thorough investigation to seek the truth can result in hubris. Possibly, Sophocles might be satisfied with the fact that people „asleep” became partly awaken, since during the pandemic we do not approach priestor rulers but we rather hope in science. Pandemic cause the emphasis shift from citizens of the state to inhabitants of the planet Earth."},"translated_abstract":"What seems to be the core of „Oedipus the King” by Sophocles is his reflection over human hubris, guilt, and responsibility, but, above all, an attempt of Oedipus to replace metaphysics by reason and to use logic and rational reasoning to acquire knowledge. Such rationalism also serves comprehension of relations between those phenomena.\nThus, this dramatist-philosopher could ask a contemporary man, experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, whether he understands what conceived the tragedy of Oedipus and the decline of the Greek cities. He might also ask: what wisdom and values this contemporary man opted for in his life? Who and what does such wisdom favours? And to continue, ancient dramatist could inquire if we noticed how tragedy lurks in the shadows behind the life of the bans who lead the carefree life, unwilling to find out the truth. Does not he realize that not only excessive pride and arrogance brings hubris? But what is more, also forsaking thorough investigation to seek the truth can result in hubris. Possibly, Sophocles might be satisfied with the fact that people „asleep” became partly awaken, since during the pandemic we do not approach priestor rulers but we rather hope in science. 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Oniszczuk, Sokratejska prawda, sprawidliwość i hybris. Odwaga pozostania przy prawie i słuszności, w: Polityka publiczna i jej wymiary, red. I. Zawiślińska, B. Pytlik, Warszawa 2020, s. 161-205" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73721512/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/60156451/J_Oniszczuk_Sokratejska_prawda_sprawidliwo%C5%9B%C4%87_i_hybris_Odwaga_pozostania_przy_prawie_i_s%C5%82uszno%C5%9Bci_w_Polityka_publiczna_i_jej_wymiary_red_I_Zawi%C5%9Bli%C5%84ska_B_Pytlik_Warszawa_2020_s_161_205">J. Oniszczuk, Sokratejska prawda, sprawidliwość i hybris. Odwaga pozostania przy prawie i słuszności, w: Polityka publiczna i jej wymiary, red. I. Zawiślińska, B. 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Oniszczuk, Odpowiedzialny człowiek i świat samowoli. Tragedia Edypa i Antygony, w: O potrzebie nowego Kodeksu Rodzinnego i jego podstawach aksjologicznych, red. S. Staniczeńko, M. Michalak, Toruń 2019, s. 90-133" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63614354/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43330464/J_Oniszczuk_Odpowiedzialny_cz%C5%82owiek_i_%C5%9Bwiat_samowoli_Tragedia_Edypa_i_Antygony_w_O_potrzebie_nowego_Kodeksu_Rodzinnego_i_jego_podstawach_aksjologicznych_red_S_Stanicze%C5%84ko_M_Michalak_Toru%C5%84_2019_s_90_133">J. Oniszczuk, Odpowiedzialny człowiek i świat samowoli. Tragedia Edypa i Antygony, w: O potrzebie nowego Kodeksu Rodzinnego i jego podstawach aksjologicznych, red. S. Staniczeńko, M. 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Oniszczuk, Odpowiedzialny człowiek i świat samowoli. Tragedia Edypa i Antygony, w: O potrzebie nowego Kodeksu Rodzinnego i jego podstawach aksjologicznych, red. S. Staniczeńko, M. 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Oniszczuk, Odwieczne naturalne prawa człowieka – obrona Antygony, w: Ustroje – prawa człowieka – bezpieczeństwo – integracja europejska. Księga jubileuszowa z okazji 70. urodzin Profesora Jerzego Jaskierni, red. R. M. Czarny, Ł. Baratyński, P. Ramiączek, K. Spryszak, Toruń 2020, s. 401-415","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Odwieczne naturalne prawa człowieka -obrona Antygony 2. Zanim Sofokles zaproponował swoją interpretację mitu Antygony zainspirowała ona pierwszego z wielkich dramaturgów -Ajschylosa. Kwestią jest sceniczny sens sięgania do mitologicznej \"rzeczywistości\" przez antycznych twórców teatralnych. Otóż dramaty odnosiły się do treści mitologicznej, która była mniej lub bardziej znana odbiorcom sztuki. Obserwując wydarzenie na scenie widz wnikał w jego treść i podejmował próbę zrozumienia bieżących zdarzeń oraz uświadamiał sobie konkretny i ogólny sens takich pojęć organizujących sztukę, jak: sprawiedliwość, odwaga, poświęcenie, miłość, prawo, nienawiść czy hybris i wedle nich oceniał ludzkie działania. Owej treści do rozważań dostarczały znane już co prawda mity, ale wyraźnego pretekstu do dramaturgicznego ich użycia (aktualizującego zinterpretowania) dostarczała rzeczywistość społeczna, polityczna i religijna polis. Dramaturdzy owego sposobu interpretowania nauczyli się od aojdów, takich jak Homer, którzy przedstawiali poezję z uwzględnieniem zmieniającej się rzeczywistości i oczekiwań odbiorców. Zatem zdarzenia w polis inspirowały dramaturgów, aby sięgali do odpowiednich mitów, próbując objaśnić pewne sytuacje społeczne realnego świata. A tą rzeczywistością do opisania i zinterpretowania okazała się zwłaszcza ateńska demokratyczna polis. To w tym świecie rozwinęła się w pełni sztuka tragedii. Tematów do rozważań dramaturgicznych dostarczała bowiem burzliwa, ogarnięta wizją równości i wolności słowa, ale też konkurencji i wielkich emocji, praktyka demokracji 5 . Była to ta sama problematyka, która odzwierciedlała się w rozważaniach filozofów etycznych, a zwłaszcza sofistów. Wielcy Ajschylos, Sofokles i Eurypides postrzegani są nie tylko jako dramaturdzy, podejmujący dla celów scenicznych pewne zagadnienia moralne, religijne i państwowo-prawne, ale też jako myśliciele proponujący pewne ich ogólne objaśnienia. Wiele z dramatów niosło kwestie fundamentalne dla filozofii prawa, etyki i państwa. To w tej formie rozprawiano jak najpoważniej o konflikcie 3 K. Marciniak, Mitologia grecka i rzymska. Spotkania ponad czasem, Warszawa 2018, s. 178 i n. 4 J.D.B. Hamilton, Antigone: Kinship, Justice, and the Polis, [w:] Myth and the Polis, red. D.C. Pozzi, J.M. Wickersham, Ithaca 1991, s. 86 i n. 5 J. Oniszczuk, Kwestie peloponeskie. Demokracja przeciw prawu. Hybris radykałów, \"Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace\" 2018, nr 4 (36), s. 29-63; idem, Polityka i prawo. Reformy w archaicznych Atenach, [w:] Nowe wyzwania i rozwiązania w powszechnym systemie ochrony praw człowieka, red. J. Jaskiernia, K. Spryszak, Toruń 2018, s. 50-53.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":63048802},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42818239/J_Oniszczuk_Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_cz%C5%82owieka_obrona_Antygony_w_Ustroje_prawa_cz%C5%82owieka_bezpiecze%C5%84stwo_integracja_europejska_Ksi%C4%99ga_jubileuszowa_z_okazji_70_urodzin_Profesora_Jerzego_Jaskierni_red_R_M_Czarny_%C5%81_Baraty%C5%84ski_P_Rami%C4%85czek_K_Spryszak_Toru%C5%84_2020_s_401_415","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-04-22T03:05:49.330-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":63044583,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63048802,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63048802/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"J._Oniszczuk__Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_czlowieka_-_obrona_Antygony20200422-76319-11f6nw4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63048802/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"J_Oniszczuk_Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_cz.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63048802/J._Oniszczuk__Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_czlowieka_-_obrona_Antygony20200422-76319-11f6nw4-libre.pdf?1587550597=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJ_Oniszczuk_Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_cz.pdf\u0026Expires=1733007142\u0026Signature=H2NfjdK8gZ0mVcjRLXRhloNdnqWh0M9aVuy41CfBbBmCGrJpJmSCqitlsOF3GfnLZvJyQN8qPEsz-qNZil-i7TAfg6msqYz5-wCi~XHL8lbUzWwgSwYDhr5i8R1t0yjcEChqpQNiZZpRrjNWR-oza0cvBy7uZpdta5m7q~v~ZZGtR8j2mhauHawOtgwmoPdYxJ4MJy8GVVXVq7zIAosZG2801HAGJq8Z8F7mwOjiPO5iEiU0IzqyjdwvKHbpbG-n2hjloKm3sTRn5eLgENhGSr9QUCDAQzB-BlEZ-sf7yz7WPlCxoqRy25jjqM5wr3MUtqUhwbXgnbshN9nyKhnfGw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"J_Oniszczuk_Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_człowieka_obrona_Antygony_w_Ustroje_prawa_człowieka_bezpieczeństwo_integracja_europejska_Księga_jubileuszowa_z_okazji_70_urodzin_Profesora_Jerzego_Jaskierni_red_R_M_Czarny_Ł_Baratyński_P_Ramiączek_K_Spryszak_Toruń_2020_s_401_415","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"pl","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":63044583,"first_name":"Jerzy","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Oniszczuk","page_name":"JerzyOniszczuk","domain_name":"sgh-pl","created_at":"2017-04-16T06:08:49.734-07:00","display_name":"Jerzy Oniszczuk","url":"https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/JerzyOniszczuk"},"attachments":[{"id":63048802,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63048802/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"J._Oniszczuk__Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_czlowieka_-_obrona_Antygony20200422-76319-11f6nw4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63048802/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"J_Oniszczuk_Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_cz.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63048802/J._Oniszczuk__Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_czlowieka_-_obrona_Antygony20200422-76319-11f6nw4-libre.pdf?1587550597=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJ_Oniszczuk_Odwieczne_naturalne_prawa_cz.pdf\u0026Expires=1733007142\u0026Signature=H2NfjdK8gZ0mVcjRLXRhloNdnqWh0M9aVuy41CfBbBmCGrJpJmSCqitlsOF3GfnLZvJyQN8qPEsz-qNZil-i7TAfg6msqYz5-wCi~XHL8lbUzWwgSwYDhr5i8R1t0yjcEChqpQNiZZpRrjNWR-oza0cvBy7uZpdta5m7q~v~ZZGtR8j2mhauHawOtgwmoPdYxJ4MJy8GVVXVq7zIAosZG2801HAGJq8Z8F7mwOjiPO5iEiU0IzqyjdwvKHbpbG-n2hjloKm3sTRn5eLgENhGSr9QUCDAQzB-BlEZ-sf7yz7WPlCxoqRy25jjqM5wr3MUtqUhwbXgnbshN9nyKhnfGw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3661,"name":"Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty"},{"id":34442,"name":"Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsibility"},{"id":115988,"name":"Antigone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antigone"},{"id":1409275,"name":"Hubris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hubris"},{"id":3629768,"name":"Eternal law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eternal_law"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41653952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41653952/J_Oniszczuk_Polis_as_the_Prototype_of_a_Contemporary_Community_The_Critique_of_Law_Independent_Legal_Studies_11_3_2019_pp_33_55"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of J. Oniszczuk, "Polis as the Prototype of a Contemporary Community", The Critique of Law. Independent Legal Studies, 11/3 (2019), pp. 33-55" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61806930/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41653952/J_Oniszczuk_Polis_as_the_Prototype_of_a_Contemporary_Community_The_Critique_of_Law_Independent_Legal_Studies_11_3_2019_pp_33_55">J. Oniszczuk, "Polis as the Prototype of a Contemporary Community", The Critique of Law. Independent Legal Studies, 11/3 (2019), pp. 33-55</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Greek polis is the birthplace of a culture whose influence persisted despite the fall of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Greek polis is the birthplace of a culture whose influence persisted despite the fall of the very form of polis. This culture plays a significant part in the life of communities of today, especially in the domain of the so-called Western culture. Polis means both state and city, but most of all it is "a society, a community of people living together". This form of governance enabled equal citizens to exercise direct supervision over their governments. Polis itself was not an invention of ancient Greeks, but the public nature thereof, especially in the form of the debate-based democracy and the rule of law-not of people-turned out to be their contribution to the idea of a city-state. Democracy as a common form of a political system can be found particularly in the Greek culture of polis. The general notions deriving from the Greek polis, i.e. citizenship, democracy, equality, independence, autonomy or justice, express a desire for a better life of an individual in a community. The democracy of classical times, characterised by equal citizenship and freedom of speech, is considered as the first one to moderate fierce social-economic disputes. It is this polis that made it possible for philosophy and science to develop. The modern-day discussion on the state in a globalised and increasingly urbanised world can surely benefit from a reflection on the civil and legal dimensions of polis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="15458d7c9ab60b46370358de55c7a916" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61806930,"asset_id":41653952,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61806930/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41653952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41653952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41653952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41653952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41653952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41653952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41653952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41653952, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "15458d7c9ab60b46370358de55c7a916" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41653952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41653952,"title":"J. 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Oniszczuk, Kwestie peloponeskie. Demokracja przeciw prawu. Hybris radykałów, "Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego” nr 4 (36) 2018, s. 29-63" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59173661/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39059237/J_Oniszczuk_Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokracja_przeciw_prawu_Hybris_radyka%C5%82%C3%B3w_Kwartalnik_Kolegium_Ekonomiczno_Spo%C5%82ecznego_nr_4_36_2018_s_29_63">J. Oniszczuk, Kwestie peloponeskie. Demokracja przeciw prawu. Hybris radykałów, "Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego” nr 4 (36) 2018, s. 29-63</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The defeat of the Hellenes in the Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C. happened a number of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The defeat of the Hellenes in the Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C. happened a number of centuries after a deathly silence following the Trojan War and<br />so called dark ages (lasting three centuries) as well as after popular stories on heroes<br />of Mycenae and after poetic (Homer) times of storytelling. Those stories created an<br />idea organizing a new world of archaic Greeks. The Peloponnesian events closed<br />- in a way again - the certain order; this time it was the order of democrats characterized by the hubris of aristocracy (Athens) and the order of oligarchs characterized by the arrogance of democrats (Sparta). While the Trojan war prepared the fall of king Agamemnon, the Athens'war prepared the king's come back, this time the Macedonian one, who - craving for the fame of an Achaean hero - followed the path of a Mycenae ruler. Finally, the Peloponnesian war did not bring success of some Greek poleis or the whole Greece. Results of this war are expressed by a conclusion on the common Peloponnesian failure. It was a clash of interests of oligarchic order with<br />democracy. What is important, a serious conflict arose: populist (majority) democracy<br />against law and justice. This conflict was possible due to the lack of any institution<br />of a public arbiter or moral authority, which could prevent a fall of moderation as an essential (sine qua non) feature of democracy (Solon). There is no democracy without<br />moderation and self-resistance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bf89a1465bd1f362a3694cc3ee1508d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":59173661,"asset_id":39059237,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59173661/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39059237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39059237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39059237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39059237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39059237]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39059237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39059237']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39059237, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0bf89a1465bd1f362a3694cc3ee1508d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39059237]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39059237,"title":"J. Oniszczuk, Kwestie peloponeskie. Demokracja przeciw prawu. Hybris radykałów, \"Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego” nr 4 (36) 2018, s. 29-63","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The defeat of the Hellenes in the Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C. happened a number of centuries after a deathly silence following the Trojan War and\nso called dark ages (lasting three centuries) as well as after popular stories on heroes\nof Mycenae and after poetic (Homer) times of storytelling. Those stories created an\nidea organizing a new world of archaic Greeks. The Peloponnesian events closed\n- in a way again - the certain order; this time it was the order of democrats characterized by the hubris of aristocracy (Athens) and the order of oligarchs characterized by the arrogance of democrats (Sparta). While the Trojan war prepared the fall of king Agamemnon, the Athens'war prepared the king's come back, this time the Macedonian one, who - craving for the fame of an Achaean hero - followed the path of a Mycenae ruler. Finally, the Peloponnesian war did not bring success of some Greek poleis or the whole Greece. Results of this war are expressed by a conclusion on the common Peloponnesian failure. It was a clash of interests of oligarchic order with\ndemocracy. What is important, a serious conflict arose: populist (majority) democracy\nagainst law and justice. This conflict was possible due to the lack of any institution\nof a public arbiter or moral authority, which could prevent a fall of moderation as an essential (sine qua non) feature of democracy (Solon). There is no democracy without\nmoderation and self-resistance."},"translated_abstract":"The defeat of the Hellenes in the Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C. happened a number of centuries after a deathly silence following the Trojan War and\nso called dark ages (lasting three centuries) as well as after popular stories on heroes\nof Mycenae and after poetic (Homer) times of storytelling. Those stories created an\nidea organizing a new world of archaic Greeks. The Peloponnesian events closed\n- in a way again - the certain order; this time it was the order of democrats characterized by the hubris of aristocracy (Athens) and the order of oligarchs characterized by the arrogance of democrats (Sparta). While the Trojan war prepared the fall of king Agamemnon, the Athens'war prepared the king's come back, this time the Macedonian one, who - craving for the fame of an Achaean hero - followed the path of a Mycenae ruler. Finally, the Peloponnesian war did not bring success of some Greek poleis or the whole Greece. Results of this war are expressed by a conclusion on the common Peloponnesian failure. It was a clash of interests of oligarchic order with\ndemocracy. What is important, a serious conflict arose: populist (majority) democracy\nagainst law and justice. This conflict was possible due to the lack of any institution\nof a public arbiter or moral authority, which could prevent a fall of moderation as an essential (sine qua non) feature of democracy (Solon). There is no democracy without\nmoderation and self-resistance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39059237/J_Oniszczuk_Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokracja_przeciw_prawu_Hybris_radyka%C5%82%C3%B3w_Kwartalnik_Kolegium_Ekonomiczno_Spo%C5%82ecznego_nr_4_36_2018_s_29_63","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-05-08T11:11:11.910-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":63044583,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59173661,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59173661/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"J._Oniszczuk__Kwestie_peloponeskie._Demokracja_przeciw_prawu20190508-1854-pviso6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59173661/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"J_Oniszczuk_Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokra.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/59173661/J._Oniszczuk__Kwestie_peloponeskie._Demokracja_przeciw_prawu20190508-1854-pviso6-libre.pdf?1557347449=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJ_Oniszczuk_Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokra.pdf\u0026Expires=1733007142\u0026Signature=WDb1w9YM~3iMiITCRJ~rHL3tVXpuCjuLKEFd4LVWoDOvzEkVIJc0WNUuk2rblvyRGljBuuZwsG-bkYdujIH6wIKf4XQ0KKKtvMK-SUzXaZ926Dtnp0esaSZKRgr66v1ct0ilUJeOB2nroretFjlqT6s2D3JXuFPP6VA3kv7B1uUieQhJ1nTJRKpCgGVBLr9UcuQWSabtF3D87pmHWgcgMfEthJzyWAGYjQQuie6PaNlwta8y3hNYUUZDYupbVNif99A~rJnmYhdv6VjxBBclRtDGBisyUCOFb1aIHoJmJLu6stBeIrjzYZHjhhO8HXp8lEFjzkQoG-u3NCZ--jhpyA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"J_Oniszczuk_Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokracja_przeciw_prawu_Hybris_radykałów_Kwartalnik_Kolegium_Ekonomiczno_Społecznego_nr_4_36_2018_s_29_63","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"pl","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":63044583,"first_name":"Jerzy","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Oniszczuk","page_name":"JerzyOniszczuk","domain_name":"sgh-pl","created_at":"2017-04-16T06:08:49.734-07:00","display_name":"Jerzy Oniszczuk","url":"https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/JerzyOniszczuk"},"attachments":[{"id":59173661,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59173661/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"J._Oniszczuk__Kwestie_peloponeskie._Demokracja_przeciw_prawu20190508-1854-pviso6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59173661/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"J_Oniszczuk_Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokra.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/59173661/J._Oniszczuk__Kwestie_peloponeskie._Demokracja_przeciw_prawu20190508-1854-pviso6-libre.pdf?1557347449=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJ_Oniszczuk_Kwestie_peloponeskie_Demokra.pdf\u0026Expires=1733007142\u0026Signature=WDb1w9YM~3iMiITCRJ~rHL3tVXpuCjuLKEFd4LVWoDOvzEkVIJc0WNUuk2rblvyRGljBuuZwsG-bkYdujIH6wIKf4XQ0KKKtvMK-SUzXaZ926Dtnp0esaSZKRgr66v1ct0ilUJeOB2nroretFjlqT6s2D3JXuFPP6VA3kv7B1uUieQhJ1nTJRKpCgGVBLr9UcuQWSabtF3D87pmHWgcgMfEthJzyWAGYjQQuie6PaNlwta8y3hNYUUZDYupbVNif99A~rJnmYhdv6VjxBBclRtDGBisyUCOFb1aIHoJmJLu6stBeIrjzYZHjhhO8HXp8lEFjzkQoG-u3NCZ--jhpyA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy"},{"id":18107,"name":"Sparta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sparta"},{"id":64144,"name":"Melos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melos"},{"id":77095,"name":"Polis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polis"},{"id":201664,"name":"Peloponnesian War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peloponnesian_War"},{"id":248984,"name":"Ancient Athens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Athens"},{"id":381341,"name":"Demokracja","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demokracja"},{"id":1731169,"name":"Troyan war","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Troyan_war"},{"id":3106075,"name":"Starożytna Grecja","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staro%C5%BCytna_Grecja"},{"id":3229907,"name":"Ateny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ateny"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38476894"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38476894/J_Oniszczuk_Tragedia_hybris_i_powszechna_zasada_niekrzywdzenia_Pa%C5%84stwo_Prawne_nr_1_8_2018_s_65_100"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of J. Oniszczuk, Tragedia hybris i powszechna zasada niekrzywdzenia, "Państwo Prawne" nr 1 (8) 2018, s. 65-100" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58542523/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38476894/J_Oniszczuk_Tragedia_hybris_i_powszechna_zasada_niekrzywdzenia_Pa%C5%84stwo_Prawne_nr_1_8_2018_s_65_100">J. Oniszczuk, Tragedia hybris i powszechna zasada niekrzywdzenia, "Państwo Prawne" nr 1 (8) 2018, s. 65-100</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f1c383ef5f17b7a21bfe44ff3a8d8d47" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58542523,"asset_id":38476894,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58542523/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38476894"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38476894"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38476894; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38476894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38476894]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38476894; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38476894']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38476894, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f1c383ef5f17b7a21bfe44ff3a8d8d47" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38476894]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38476894,"title":"J. 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Rozwój refleksji racjonalizującej, w: Z historii ustroju i konstytucjonalizmu Polski. Księga Jubileuszowa dedykowana w osiemdziesiątą rocznicę Urodzin Profesora Mariana Kallasa, red. D. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38036424"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38036424/J_Oniszczuk_Writing_Legal_Rule_and_Abstract_Coin_The_Archaic_Beginnings_of_Scientific_and_Philosophical_Thought_Krytyka_Prawa_no_2_2018_pp_238_261"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of J. Oniszczuk, "Writing, Legal Rule and Abstract Coin. The Archaic Beginnings of Scientific and Philosophical Thought", Krytyka Prawa no. 2, 2018, pp. 238-261" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58060174/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38036424/J_Oniszczuk_Writing_Legal_Rule_and_Abstract_Coin_The_Archaic_Beginnings_of_Scientific_and_Philosophical_Thought_Krytyka_Prawa_no_2_2018_pp_238_261">J. Oniszczuk, "Writing, Legal Rule and Abstract Coin. The Archaic Beginnings of Scientific and Philosophical Thought", Krytyka Prawa no. 2, 2018, pp. 238-261</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Important for the scientific and philosophical mode of thought is the issue of circumstances that...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Important for the scientific and philosophical mode of thought is the issue of circumstances that lead to the emergence of such type of reflection, different from traditional ways of explaining the reality by mythological beliefs. The spiritual search of a philosophising man turned out to be a reflection upon rule, upon the all-governing principle, i.e. both the natural world (cosmos) and the relations between people. This mode of thought evolved when a need and possibility for writing down (setting out) abstract legal norms (nomos) for the sake of certainty and verifia-bility of judgments arose. It was vital also for the trade and in particular for ownership (civil law), whose value was abstractly expressed in monetary money. These were the crucial factors in the initiation and development of scientific and philosophical (abstract) thought. Other fundamental conditions for the development of science and philosophy included liberty, equality and respect for otherness, as well as the non-orthodox character of beliefs (myths). These were ensured by the civic, cosmopolitan and economically developed polis, particularly the democratic one. Such conditions for the development of science and philosophy have proved to be universal and timeless.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="42c2054ee2e0e87cbb5101bede5bc6b0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58060174,"asset_id":38036424,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58060174/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38036424"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38036424"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38036424; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38036424]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38036424]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38036424; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38036424']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38036424, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "42c2054ee2e0e87cbb5101bede5bc6b0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38036424]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38036424,"title":"J. 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Oniszczuk, Język pisany, reguła prawna i abstrakcyjna moneta, Krytyka Prawa nr 2, 2018, s. 212-238.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58056380/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38033110/J_Oniszczuk_J%C4%99zyk_pisany_regu%C5%82a_prawna_i_abstrakcyjna_moneta_Krytyka_Prawa_nr_2_2018_s_212_238_pdf">J. Oniszczuk, Język pisany, reguła prawna i abstrakcyjna moneta, Krytyka Prawa nr 2, 2018, s. 212-238.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>philosophy, ancient Greece, ancient Greek law, polis, science, abstract norm, monetary</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Important for the scientific and philosophical mode of thought is the issue of circumstances that...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Important for the scientific and philosophical mode of thought is the issue of circumstances that lead to the emergence of such type of reflection, different from traditional ways of explaining the reality by mythological beliefs. The spiritual search of a philosophising man turned out to be a reflection upon rule, upon the all-governing principle, i.e. both the natural world (cosmos) and the relations between people. This mode of thought evolved when a need and possibility for writing down (setting out) abstract legal norms (nomos) for the sake of certainty and verifiability of judgments arose. It was vital also for the trade and in particular for ownership (civil law), whose value was abstractly expressed in monetary money. These were the crucial factors in the initiation and development of scientific and philosophical (abstract) thought. Other fundamental conditions for the development of science and philosophy included liberty, equality and respect for otherness, as well as the non-orthodox character of beliefs (myths). These were ensured by the civic, cosmopolitan and economically developed polis, particularly the democratic one. Such conditions for the development of science and philosophy have proved to be universal and timeless.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="329c5f2de2c4e4a5cd54fe3e5c279ce7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58056380,"asset_id":38033110,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58056380/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38033110"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38033110"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38033110; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38033110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38033110]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38033110; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38033110']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38033110, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "329c5f2de2c4e4a5cd54fe3e5c279ce7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38033110]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38033110,"title":"J. Oniszczuk, Język pisany, reguła prawna i abstrakcyjna moneta, Krytyka Prawa nr 2, 2018, s. 212-238.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Important for the scientific and philosophical mode of thought is the issue of circumstances that lead to the emergence of such type of reflection, different from traditional ways of explaining the reality by mythological beliefs. The spiritual search of a philosophising man turned out to be a reflection upon rule, upon the all-governing principle, i.e. both the natural world (cosmos) and the relations between people. This mode of thought evolved when a need and possibility for writing down (setting out) abstract legal norms (nomos) for the sake of certainty and verifiability of judgments arose. It was vital also for the trade and in particular for ownership (civil law), whose value was abstractly expressed in monetary money. These were the crucial factors in the initiation and development of scientific and philosophical (abstract) thought. Other fundamental conditions for the development of science and philosophy included liberty, equality and respect for otherness, as well as the non-orthodox character of beliefs (myths). These were ensured by the civic, cosmopolitan and economically developed polis, particularly the democratic one. Such conditions for the development of science and philosophy have proved to be universal and timeless.","publication_name":"philosophy, ancient Greece, ancient Greek law, polis, science, abstract norm, monetary"},"translated_abstract":"Important for the scientific and philosophical mode of thought is the issue of circumstances that lead to the emergence of such type of reflection, different from traditional ways of explaining the reality by mythological beliefs. The spiritual search of a philosophising man turned out to be a reflection upon rule, upon the all-governing principle, i.e. both the natural world (cosmos) and the relations between people. This mode of thought evolved when a need and possibility for writing down (setting out) abstract legal norms (nomos) for the sake of certainty and verifiability of judgments arose. It was vital also for the trade and in particular for ownership (civil law), whose value was abstractly expressed in monetary money. These were the crucial factors in the initiation and development of scientific and philosophical (abstract) thought. Other fundamental conditions for the development of science and philosophy included liberty, equality and respect for otherness, as well as the non-orthodox character of beliefs (myths). These were ensured by the civic, cosmopolitan and economically developed polis, particularly the democratic one. 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Oniszczuk, Polityka i prawo. Reformy w archaicznych Atenach, w: Nowe wyzwania i rozwiązania w powszechnym systemie ochrony praw człowieka, red. J. Jaskiernia K. Spryszak, Toruń 2018, s. 33-54" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56587771/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36654626/J_Oniszczuk_Polityka_i_prawo_Reformy_w_archaicznych_Atenach_w_Nowe_wyzwania_i_rozwi%C4%85zania_w_powszechnym_systemie_ochrony_praw_cz%C5%82owieka_red_J_Jaskiernia_K_Spryszak_Toru%C5%84_2018_s_33_54">J. Oniszczuk, Polityka i prawo. Reformy w archaicznych Atenach, w: Nowe wyzwania i rozwiązania w powszechnym systemie ochrony praw człowieka, red. J. Jaskiernia K. Spryszak, Toruń 2018, s. 33-54</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Reforms of Solon, Kleisthenes, and Pericles created a certain vision of democracy and citizen’s r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Reforms of Solon, Kleisthenes, and Pericles created a certain vision of democracy and citizen’s role in it. They may serve as an example of political system and law evolution conditioned by the development of people’s beliefs regarding their equity and the importance of justice within social relations. This evolving model stimulated the development of independent Athens. In the times of high appreciation of Athens’s law its political system was commonly perceived as exemplary. Nevertheless, the good political system and law did not protect this polis from immoderate ambitions of demagogues and the Athenian demos, finally leading to the fall. Their favourable reception of the „rule of winner” and belief that law is what the majority decides for the benefit of demos, are among the main reasons of the fall of this polis. Insolent populists did not understand the moderate character of Solon’s democracy and, committing a hubris, they destroyed the reforms of great sages and politicians.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d5d51359942249704fcf407a911ca0b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56587771,"asset_id":36654626,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56587771/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36654626"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36654626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36654626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36654626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36654626]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36654626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36654626']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36654626, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1d5d51359942249704fcf407a911ca0b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36654626]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36654626,"title":"J. Oniszczuk, Polityka i prawo. Reformy w archaicznych Atenach, w: Nowe wyzwania i rozwiązania w powszechnym systemie ochrony praw człowieka, red. J. Jaskiernia K. Spryszak, Toruń 2018, s. 33-54","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Reforms of Solon, Kleisthenes, and Pericles created a certain vision of democracy and citizen’s role in it. They may serve as an example of political system and law evolution conditioned by the development of people’s beliefs regarding their equity and the importance of justice within social relations. This evolving model stimulated the development of independent Athens. In the times of high appreciation of Athens’s law its political system was commonly perceived as exemplary. Nevertheless, the good political system and law did not protect this polis from immoderate ambitions of demagogues and the Athenian demos, finally leading to the fall. Their favourable reception of the „rule of winner” and belief that law is what the majority decides for the benefit of demos, are among the main reasons of the fall of this polis. Insolent populists did not understand the moderate character of Solon’s democracy and, committing a hubris, they destroyed the reforms of great sages and politicians."},"translated_abstract":"Reforms of Solon, Kleisthenes, and Pericles created a certain vision of democracy and citizen’s role in it. They may serve as an example of political system and law evolution conditioned by the development of people’s beliefs regarding their equity and the importance of justice within social relations. This evolving model stimulated the development of independent Athens. In the times of high appreciation of Athens’s law its political system was commonly perceived as exemplary. Nevertheless, the good political system and law did not protect this polis from immoderate ambitions of demagogues and the Athenian demos, finally leading to the fall. Their favourable reception of the „rule of winner” and belief that law is what the majority decides for the benefit of demos, are among the main reasons of the fall of this polis. Insolent populists did not understand the moderate character of Solon’s democracy and, committing a hubris, they destroyed the reforms of great sages and politicians.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36654626/J_Oniszczuk_Polityka_i_prawo_Reformy_w_archaicznych_Atenach_w_Nowe_wyzwania_i_rozwi%C4%85zania_w_powszechnym_systemie_ochrony_praw_cz%C5%82owieka_red_J_Jaskiernia_K_Spryszak_Toru%C5%84_2018_s_33_54","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-05-17T00:56:09.507-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":63044583,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56587771,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56587771/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"J._Oniszczuk__Polityka_i_prawo._Reformy_w_archaicznych_Atenach.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56587771/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"J_Oniszczuk_Polityka_i_prawo_Reformy_w_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56587771/J._Oniszczuk__Polityka_i_prawo._Reformy_w_archaicznych_Atenach-libre.pdf?1526544088=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJ_Oniszczuk_Polityka_i_prawo_Reformy_w_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1733007142\u0026Signature=X1Y~9WimzNd10o8xnY0yW2kRwrgIUMhCr2RX8gtbHxhCssTxYax7nJZyXPZ2X5ysXO4To60oqVuhcK45YfLbhjZuHbQvsx3uIqbhhl~nkZiG7mORyg8WJg5BPCRKeVuI1Z-KSSOp2XSICLmVzmFRtv5iQ0ZViMYEuihn1ekR0adLd8yWfj4ikM0FG27d4L0gLFbMA-VsBi~kf-q97w0rtKvjhQRrC692sdf-DEgDDvEXQVNO5Z9Qgj3PqjnAP7AYLlw0cVBLtGgxCnUSoMumKwIMAwB3bo14mAwBDVg5FhRnwV~Uz~mqu6g8yZKURgQSAXfyPmkUBPdhDcgJ6~cQJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"J_Oniszczuk_Polityka_i_prawo_Reformy_w_archaicznych_Atenach_w_Nowe_wyzwania_i_rozwiązania_w_powszechnym_systemie_ochrony_praw_człowieka_red_J_Jaskiernia_K_Spryszak_Toruń_2018_s_33_54","translated_slug":"","page_count":23,"language":"pl","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":63044583,"first_name":"Jerzy","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Oniszczuk","page_name":"JerzyOniszczuk","domain_name":"sgh-pl","created_at":"2017-04-16T06:08:49.734-07:00","display_name":"Jerzy Oniszczuk","url":"https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/JerzyOniszczuk"},"attachments":[{"id":56587771,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56587771/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"J._Oniszczuk__Polityka_i_prawo._Reformy_w_archaicznych_Atenach.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56587771/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"J_Oniszczuk_Polityka_i_prawo_Reformy_w_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56587771/J._Oniszczuk__Polityka_i_prawo._Reformy_w_archaicznych_Atenach-libre.pdf?1526544088=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJ_Oniszczuk_Polityka_i_prawo_Reformy_w_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1733007142\u0026Signature=X1Y~9WimzNd10o8xnY0yW2kRwrgIUMhCr2RX8gtbHxhCssTxYax7nJZyXPZ2X5ysXO4To60oqVuhcK45YfLbhjZuHbQvsx3uIqbhhl~nkZiG7mORyg8WJg5BPCRKeVuI1Z-KSSOp2XSICLmVzmFRtv5iQ0ZViMYEuihn1ekR0adLd8yWfj4ikM0FG27d4L0gLFbMA-VsBi~kf-q97w0rtKvjhQRrC692sdf-DEgDDvEXQVNO5Z9Qgj3PqjnAP7AYLlw0cVBLtGgxCnUSoMumKwIMAwB3bo14mAwBDVg5FhRnwV~Uz~mqu6g8yZKURgQSAXfyPmkUBPdhDcgJ6~cQJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8530,"name":"Athenian Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athenian_Democracy"},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History"},{"id":58680,"name":"Ancient Greek Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Law"},{"id":1409275,"name":"Hubris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hubris"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36180879"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36180879/J_Oniszczuk_Przedfilozoficzna_norma_i_hybris_Pa%C5%84stwo_prawne_1_7_2017_s_7_38"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of J. 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Oniszczuk, U źródeł filozofii prawa. Parmenides z Elei, "Państwo prawne" 1/6(2016), s. 7-48" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56086627/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36186464/J_Oniszczuk_U_%C5%BAr%C3%B3de%C5%82_filozofii_prawa_Parmenides_z_Elei_Pa%C5%84stwo_prawne_1_6_2016_s_7_48">J. Oniszczuk, U źródeł filozofii prawa. Parmenides z Elei, "Państwo prawne" 1/6(2016), s. 7-48</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Osiągnięcia Parmenidesa wiązane są z jego koncepcją jedności i trwałości bytu, wizją o związku my...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Osiągnięcia Parmenidesa wiązane są z jego koncepcją jedności i trwałości bytu, wizją o związku myśli i bytu, rozróżnieniem między myślą i postrzeganiem, odkryciem podstaw logiki oraz systematyzującym poznawaniem. Wprowadził on do filozofii racjonalne dedukcyjne dowodzenie jako właściwy dla tej dyscypliny sposób prowadzenia poprawnych rozważań. Przede wszystkim odkryty przez niego sylogizm miał duże znaczenie dla rozwoju nauki i praktyki orzeczniczej, w tym prawniczej.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="18c11de0a4534941fd2e5bbc732fa70e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56086627,"asset_id":36186464,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56086627/download_file?st=MTczMzAwMzU0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36186464"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36186464"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36186464; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36186464]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36186464]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36186464; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36186464']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36186464, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "18c11de0a4534941fd2e5bbc732fa70e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36186464]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36186464,"title":"J. 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