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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Department_store_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_store_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Department store business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_store_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wanamaker_Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wanamaker_Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Wanamaker Building</span> </div> </a> <ul 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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_Light_Show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_Light_Show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Christmas Light Show</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_Light_Show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postmaster_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postmaster_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Postmaster General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postmaster_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Philanthropy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="جان واناماکر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان واناماکر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Wanamaker" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Wanamaker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Wanamaker" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Wanamaker" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%99%80%EB%84%88%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4" title="존 와너메이커 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 와너메이커" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Wanamaker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Wanamaker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="ג'ון ואנאמייקר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון ואנאמייקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1" title="جون واناماكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون واناماكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" 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Wanamaker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E7%BA%B3%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·沃纳梅克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·沃纳梅克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q921045#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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searchaux" style="display:none">US Postmaster General and merchant (1838–1922)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his department store, see <a href="/wiki/Wanamaker%27s" title="Wanamaker's">Wanamaker's</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22John+Wanamaker%22">"John Wanamaker"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22John+Wanamaker%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22John+Wanamaker%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22John+Wanamaker%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22John+Wanamaker%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22John+Wanamaker%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John Wanamaker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wanamaker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/John_Wanamaker.jpg/220px-John_Wanamaker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/John_Wanamaker.jpg/330px-John_Wanamaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/John_Wanamaker.jpg/440px-John_Wanamaker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="906" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Wanamaker in July 1915</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">35th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 5, 1889 – March 4, 1893</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Dickinson" title="Donald M. Dickinson">Donald M. Dickinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilson_S._Bissell" title="Wilson S. Bissell">Wilson S. Bissell</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1838-07-11</span>)</span>July 11, 1838<br /><a href="/wiki/Grays_Ferry,_Philadelphia" title="Grays Ferry, Philadelphia">Grays Ferry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 12, 1922<span style="display:none">(1922-12-12)</span> (aged 84)<br />Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._James_the_Less,_Philadelphia" title="Church of St. James the Less, Philadelphia">Church of St. James the Less</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Erringer Brown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6, including <a href="/wiki/Rodman_Wanamaker" title="Rodman Wanamaker">Rodman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Brown_Wanamaker" title="Mary Brown Wanamaker">Minnie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_John_Wanamaker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Wanamaker's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Signature_of_John_Wanamaker.jpg/96px-Signature_of_John_Wanamaker.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Signature_of_John_Wanamaker.jpg/144px-Signature_of_John_Wanamaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Signature_of_John_Wanamaker.jpg/192px-Signature_of_John_Wanamaker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="289" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wanamaker,_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/John_Wanamaker%2C_1890.jpg/220px-John_Wanamaker%2C_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/John_Wanamaker%2C_1890.jpg/330px-John_Wanamaker%2C_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/John_Wanamaker%2C_1890.jpg/440px-John_Wanamaker%2C_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Wanamaker, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1890</figcaption></figure> <p><b>John Wanamaker</b> (July 11, 1838 – December 12, 1922) was an American merchant and religious, civic and political figure, considered by some to be a proponent of advertising and a "pioneer in marketing".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Presidency of Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison administration</a> from 1889 to 1893. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanamaker was born in the <a href="/wiki/Grays_Ferry,_Philadelphia" title="Grays Ferry, Philadelphia">Grays Ferry</a> section of <a href="/wiki/South_Philadelphia" title="South Philadelphia">South Philadelphia</a> on July 11, 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-pabook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pabook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to John Nelson Wanamaker, a brickmaker and native of <a href="/wiki/Kingwood,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingwood, New Jersey">Kingwood, New Jersey</a>, and Elizabeth Deshong Kochersperger, daughter of a farmer and innkeeper in Gray's Ferry. </p><p>His mother's ancestors came from <a href="/wiki/Rittershoffen" title="Rittershoffen">Rittershoffen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, France, and from <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Canton of Bern</a> in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-contamerbio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contamerbio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the age of 19, Wanamaker was hired by the Philadelphia <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a>, and served as the first corresponding secretary in the YMCA national organization.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_store_business">Department store business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Department store business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wanamaker%27s" title="Wanamaker's">Wanamaker's</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Hall_and_John_Wanamakers,_Philadelphia,_Pa.,_U.S.A,_by_Kilburn,_B._W._(Benjamin_West),_1827-1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/City_Hall_and_John_Wanamakers%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa.%2C_U.S.A%2C_by_Kilburn%2C_B._W._%28Benjamin_West%29%2C_1827-1909.jpg/220px-City_Hall_and_John_Wanamakers%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa.%2C_U.S.A%2C_by_Kilburn%2C_B._W._%28Benjamin_West%29%2C_1827-1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/City_Hall_and_John_Wanamakers%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa.%2C_U.S.A%2C_by_Kilburn%2C_B._W._%28Benjamin_West%29%2C_1827-1909.jpg/330px-City_Hall_and_John_Wanamakers%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa.%2C_U.S.A%2C_by_Kilburn%2C_B._W._%28Benjamin_West%29%2C_1827-1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/City_Hall_and_John_Wanamakers%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa.%2C_U.S.A%2C_by_Kilburn%2C_B._W._%28Benjamin_West%29%2C_1827-1909.jpg/440px-City_Hall_and_John_Wanamakers%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa.%2C_U.S.A%2C_by_Kilburn%2C_B._W._%28Benjamin_West%29%2C_1827-1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2737" data-file-height="1439" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">Philadelphia City Hall</a> and John Wanamaker's "Grand Depot" at 13th and <a href="/wiki/Market_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Market Street (Philadelphia)">Market</a> Streets in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INTERIOR_COURT_-_John_Wanamaker_Store,_Thirteenth_and_Chestnut_Streets,_Philadelphia,_Philadelphia_County,_PA_HABS_PA,51-PHILA,370-2.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/INTERIOR_COURT_-_John_Wanamaker_Store%2C_Thirteenth_and_Chestnut_Streets%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C370-2.tif/lossy-page1-220px-INTERIOR_COURT_-_John_Wanamaker_Store%2C_Thirteenth_and_Chestnut_Streets%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C370-2.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/INTERIOR_COURT_-_John_Wanamaker_Store%2C_Thirteenth_and_Chestnut_Streets%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C370-2.tif/lossy-page1-330px-INTERIOR_COURT_-_John_Wanamaker_Store%2C_Thirteenth_and_Chestnut_Streets%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C370-2.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/INTERIOR_COURT_-_John_Wanamaker_Store%2C_Thirteenth_and_Chestnut_Streets%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C370-2.tif/lossy-page1-440px-INTERIOR_COURT_-_John_Wanamaker_Store%2C_Thirteenth_and_Chestnut_Streets%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Philadelphia_County%2C_PA_HABS_PA%2C51-PHILA%2C370-2.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3596" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>The Grand Court at 13th and Market Streets in Philadelphia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WanamakerBuilding7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/WanamakerBuilding7.JPG/220px-WanamakerBuilding7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/WanamakerBuilding7.JPG/330px-WanamakerBuilding7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/WanamakerBuilding7.JPG/440px-WanamakerBuilding7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Wanamaker building at 13th and Market Streets in November 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1861, Wanamaker opened his first store in partnership with his brother in-law Nathan Brown. The store, called "Oak Hall", was located at 6th and <a href="/wiki/Market_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Market Street (Philadelphia)">Market</a> Streets in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, adjacent to the site of the residence and offices of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> during his <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">presidency</a>. </p><p>Oak Hall grew substantially based on Wanamaker's then-revolutionary principle: "One price and goods returnable". </p><p>In 1869, he opened his second store at 818 <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)">Chestnut Street</a>, and, capitalizing on his own name due to the untimely death of his brother-in-law and growing reputation, renamed the company John Wanamaker & Co. In 1875, he purchased an abandoned railroad depot and converted it into a large store, called John Wanamaker & Co. "The Grand Depot". <i><a href="/wiki/Wanamaker%27s" title="Wanamaker's">Wanamaker's</a></i> is considered the first <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a> in Philadelphia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wanamaker_Building">Wanamaker Building</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wanamaker Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Wanamaker Building is a large, 12-story granite store in Philadelphia, designed by <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> architect <a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Burnham" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel H. Burnham">Daniel H. Burnham</a> and completed in 1910. It was dedicated by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> on December 30, 1911. The store stands on the site of "The Grand Depot", encompassing an entire block at the corner of 13th and <a href="/wiki/Market_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Market Street (Philadelphia)">Market</a> Streets across from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">Philadelphia City Hall</a>. The new store, The Wanamaker Building, which still stands today, became a Philadelphia institution. The entire building was initially devoted to the department store and company offices. </p><p>The building has remained an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Philadelphia" title="Culture of Philadelphia">Philadelphia culture</a>. In 2018, the upper office tower was marketed as the Wanamaker Office Building. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grand_Court">Grand Court</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Grand Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Wanamaker Building's most notable feature is its seven-story, marble-clad central atrium, known as the "Grand Court". The Grand Court quickly became a Philadelphia favorite, highlighted by the Wanamaker Eagle and the Wanamaker Grand Court Organ. </p><p>The Grand Court has been featured in several movies, including <i><a href="/wiki/Nasty_Habits_(film)" title="Nasty Habits (film)">Nasty Habits</a></i> in 1977, <i><a href="/wiki/Mannequin_(1987_film)" title="Mannequin (1987 film)">Mannequin</a></i> in 1987, <i><a href="/wiki/Blow_Out" title="Blow Out">Blow Out</a></i> in 1981, and <i><a href="/wiki/12_Monkeys" title="12 Monkeys">12 Monkeys</a></i> in 1995. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wanamaker_Organ">Wanamaker Organ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wanamaker Organ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wanamaker_Grand_Court_Organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanamaker Grand Court Organ">Wanamaker Grand Court Organ</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/George_Ashdown_Audsley" title="George Ashdown Audsley">George Ashdown Audsley</a> and built by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Art_Organ_Company" title="Los Angeles Art Organ Company">Los Angeles Art Organ Company</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1904_St._Louis_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 St. Louis World's Fair">1904 St. Louis World's Fair</a>. The instrument had 10,059 pipes, and cost $105,000 to construct, equal to $3,560,000 today. Wanamaker bought the organ in 1909 and had it transported from St. Louis aboard 13 freight cars. The organ's installation in Philadelphia took two years. It was played for the first time on June 22, 1911, to coincide with England's <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V's</a> coronation. </p><p>More than 8,000 pipes were added to the organ between 1911 and 1917. By 1930, an additional 10,000 pipes were installed, bringing the total number of pipes today to 28,750. The instrument is of the American Symphonic school of design, intended to combine traditional organ resources with the tone colors and beauty of the symphony orchestra. Once a year, usually in June, "<i>Wanamaker Organ Day</i>" is held. This free festival lasts most of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wanamaker_Eagle">Wanamaker Eagle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wanamaker Eagle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Wanamaker purchased a bronze bird sculpture by <a href="/wiki/August_Gaul" title="August Gaul">August Gaul</a>, following the sculpture's exhibition in America in 1904 at the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">Louisiana Purchase Exposition</a>. The 2,500 lb (1,100 kg) sculpture is a focal point of the store's Grand Court. The sculpture is placed above a steel beam because of its weight. Known as the "Wanamaker Eagle", it became a famous meeting place and "Meet me at the Eagle" became a popular Philadelphia catchphrase.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christmas_Light_Show">Christmas Light Show</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Christmas Light Show"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1955, the store tapped lighting designer, Frederick Yost, to create seasonal displays. Yost designed the "Holiday Light Show" for the Grand Court, creating a more-contemporary display than previous years. Since then, the light show has become an annual tradition for generations of Philadelphians. In the 21st century, the light show has been modernized, but has retained the look and feel of the original. Since 2006, the "Macy's Dickens Village" has been located on the store's third floor, continuing a Christmas tradition that had begun at <a href="/wiki/Strawbridge%27s" title="Strawbridge's">Strawbridge's</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Expansion">Expansion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanamaker expanded to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1896, continuing a mercantile business originally started by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Turney_Stewart" title="Alexander Turney Stewart">Alexander Turney Stewart</a>. He expanded internationally with the Wanamaker European import houses in London and Paris. </p><p>Wanamaker was an innovator, creative in his work, a merchandising genius, and proponent of the power of advertising, though modest and with an enduring reputation for honesty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although he did not invent the <a href="/wiki/Fixed_price" title="Fixed price">fixed price</a> system, he is credited for the creation of the price tag;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he popularized it as the industry standard. He also started the "money-back guarantee" that is now standard business practice. </p><p>He provided his employees with free medical care, education, recreational facilities, pensions and profit-sharing plans before such benefits were considered standard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Labor activists, however, knew him as a fierce opponent of unionization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During an 1887 organizing drive by the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Labor" title="Knights of Labor">Knights of Labor</a>, he fired the first twelve union members who were discovered by his detectives.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wanamaker was the first retailer to place a half-page newspaper ad (1874) and the first full-page ad (1879).<sup id="cite_ref-Joel2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joel2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initially wrote his own <a href="/wiki/Copywriting" title="Copywriting">ad copy</a>, but later hired the world's first full-time copywriter <a href="/wiki/John_Emory_Powers" title="John Emory Powers">John Emory Powers</a>. During Powers's tenure, Wanamaker's revenues doubled from $4 million to $8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen1984_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanamaker supposedly said "Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I don't know which half." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postmaster_General">Postmaster General</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Postmaster General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1889, Wanamaker began the First Penny Savings Bank in order to encourage thrift. The same year, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a>; he was accused by the newspapers of the day of buying the post.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanamaker was credited by his friends with introducing the first <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative stamp</a> and many efficiencies to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Postal Service</a>. He was the first to make plans for <a href="/wiki/Rural_Letter_Carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Letter Carrier">free rural postal service</a> in the United States, although the plan was not implemented until 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1890, Wanamaker persuaded Congress to pass an act prohibiting the sale of lottery tickets through the mail, and then he aggressively pursued violators.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those actions effectively ended all state lotteries in the US until they reappeared in 1964, partly as an effort to undermine organized crime. </p><p>Wanamaker's tenure at the Post Office was riddled with controversy. He fired some 30,000 postal workers under the then common "<a href="/wiki/Spoils_system" title="Spoils system">spoils system</a>" during his four-year term, as it was customary for a change in political administrations to lead to new appointments for their own supporters. The changeover of so many employees caused severe confusion, inefficiency, and a run-in with civil-service crusader <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, a fellow Republican. </p><p>In 1890, Wanamaker commissioned a series of stamps that were derided in the national media as the poorest quality stamps ever issued, both for printing quality and materials. When his department store ordered advance copies of the newly translated novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kreutzer_Sonata" title="The Kreutzer Sonata">The Kreutzer Sonata</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, the deadline was missed, and only the regular discount was offered by the publisher. He retaliated by banning the book from the US Mail on grounds of obscenity. </p><p>He was ridiculed for this action by many major U.S. newspapers. In 1891, he ordered changes in the uniforms of letter carriers, and was accused of arranging for all the uniforms to be ordered from a single firm in Baltimore, to which he was believed to have financial ties.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893 he made a public prediction at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">Chicago World's Fair</a> that U.S. mail would still rely on <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a> and horseback delivery for a century to come, failing to anticipate the effects of trains, the <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a>, and related truck vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-POTF_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POTF-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Wanamaker publicly proposed that the United States buy <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> from <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> for the sum of one-hundred billion dollars, as an alternative to the continuing carnage of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wanamaker was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">presidential elector</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1888 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">1888</a> and <a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1920 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">1920 presidential elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wanamaker was the last surviving member of President Benjamin Harrison's cabinet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanamaker was known for his philanthropy to programs to aid the poor in Philadelphia. He co-founded Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission, a <a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">homeless shelter</a> and soup kitchen, in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission has since expanded to provide more services and still supports the homeless population of Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was an avid collector of art and antiquities. He made several donations to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology">University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the donations was a collection of bronze reproductions of artifacts uncovered from the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, known as the Wanamaker Bronzes, which Wanamaker had commissioned by the Chiurazzi Foundry in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> for the museum.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1860, Wanamaker married Mary Erringer Brown.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They had six children, two of whom died in childhood: </p> <ul><li>Thomas Brown Wanamaker (1862–1908), who married Mary Lowber Welch (1864–1929)</li> <li>Lewis <a href="/wiki/Rodman_Wanamaker" title="Rodman Wanamaker">Rodman Wanamaker</a> (1863–1928), who married Fernanda de Henry and Violet Cruger</li> <li>Horace Wanamaker (born 1864), died in infancy during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li>Harriett E. "Nettie" Wanamaker (1865–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brown_Wanamaker" title="Mary Brown Wanamaker">Mary Brown "Minnie" Wanamaker</a> (1869–1954), who married <a href="/wiki/Barclay_Harding_Warburton_I" title="Barclay Harding Warburton I">Barclay Harding Warburton</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elizabeth "Lillie" Wanamaker (1876–1927), who married Norman McLeod</li></ul> <p>In 1899, Wanamaker's son, Thomas, who specialized in store financial matters, purchased <i><a href="/wiki/The_North_American" title="The North American">The North American</a></i>, a Philadelphia-based newspaper. He irritated his father by publishing regular columns to radical intellectuals, including <a href="/wiki/Henry_George,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Henry George, Jr.">Henry George, Jr.</a>, socialist Henry John Nelson,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who later became <a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a>'s lawyer, and socialist Caroline H. Pemberton. The younger Wanamaker also began publishing a Sunday edition, which offended his father's sense of keeping the Sabbath holy. </p><p>His younger son <a href="/wiki/Rodman_Wanamaker" title="Rodman Wanamaker">Rodman</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> graduate, lived in France early in his career. He is credited with creating a demand for French luxury goods in Philadelphia and the United States that persists to this day. Rodman was credited with the artistic quality that gave the Wanamaker stores their cachet. He was also a patron of fine music, organizing spectacular organ and orchestra concerts in the Wanamaker Philadelphia and New York City stores under music director Alexander Russell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wanamaker_family_tomb_at_Philadelphia_churchyard_of_St.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wanamaker_family_tomb_at_Philadelphia_churchyard_of_St.jpg/220px-Wanamaker_family_tomb_at_Philadelphia_churchyard_of_St.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wanamaker_family_tomb_at_Philadelphia_churchyard_of_St.jpg/330px-Wanamaker_family_tomb_at_Philadelphia_churchyard_of_St.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wanamaker_family_tomb_at_Philadelphia_churchyard_of_St.jpg/440px-Wanamaker_family_tomb_at_Philadelphia_churchyard_of_St.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>The Wanamaker family tomb in the churchyard of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._James_the_Less,_Philadelphia" title="Church of St. James the Less, Philadelphia">Church of St. James the Less</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Wanamaker died on December 12, 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral was on December 14, 1922, with a service at the Bethany Presbyterian Church.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred in the Wanamaker family tomb in the churchyard of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._James_the_Less,_Philadelphia" title="Church of St. James the Less, Philadelphia">Church of St. James the Less</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. </p><p>At his death, his estate was estimated to be US$100 million ($1,820,278,330 today), divided equally among his three living children and granddaughters, Mary "Minnie" Wanamaker Warburton (Mrs. Barclay Warburton), Patricia "Paddy" W. Estelle, and Elizabeth Wanamaker McLeod, who all received substantial stock, real estate and cash instruments. Second son <a href="/wiki/Rodman_Wanamaker" title="Rodman Wanamaker">Rodman</a> was made sole inheritor of the store businesses. </p><p>Rodman Wanamaker died in 1928, leaving the businesses with a documented worth of $36.7 million ($637,097,416 today) in a trust. Rodman is credited with founding the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Golfers%27_Association_of_America" title="Professional Golfers' Association of America">Professional Golfers' Association of America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Millrose_Games" title="Millrose Games">Millrose Games</a>. </p><p>The senior Wanamaker's first son, Thomas B. Wanamaker, died in Paris in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_(Reproduction)_of_Seated_Hermes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Statue_%28Reproduction%29_of_Seated_Hermes.jpg/220px-Statue_%28Reproduction%29_of_Seated_Hermes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Statue_%28Reproduction%29_of_Seated_Hermes.jpg/330px-Statue_%28Reproduction%29_of_Seated_Hermes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Statue_%28Reproduction%29_of_Seated_Hermes.jpg/440px-Statue_%28Reproduction%29_of_Seated_Hermes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>A statue reproduction of Seated Hermes commissioned by Wanamaker on display in the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Museum" title="Penn Museum">Penn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>His country estate, Lindenhurst mansion in <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania">Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania</a>, was located on York Road below Washington Lane at (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=John_Wanamaker&params=40.0853_N_75.1311_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°05′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°07′52″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.0853°N 75.1311°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.0853; -75.1311</span></span></span></a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original mansion was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sargent_(architect)" title="Edward Sargent (architect)">E. A. Sargent</a> of New York City; President Harrison visited Wanamaker at the Lindenhurst mansion.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A neoclassic mansion was constructed when the original Victorian Lindenhurst burned in 1907, destroying much of Wanamaker's art collection. A railroad station, Chelten Hills located below <a href="/wiki/Jenkintown%E2%80%93Wyncote_(SEPTA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkintown–Wyncote (SEPTA station)">Jenkintown</a>, and no longer in existence, was constructed on the property in addition to his vast mansion. Part of the former estate became the campus of <a href="/wiki/Salus_University" title="Salus University">Salus University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A family trust owned the Wanamaker's store chain, run by a trustee system set up by Rodman Wanamaker's will. In 1978, the business was sold to <a href="/wiki/Carter_Hawley_Hale_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter Hawley Hale Stores">Carter Hawley Hale, Inc.</a> The 15-store chain was sold to <a href="/wiki/Woodward_%26_Lothrop" title="Woodward & Lothrop">Woodward & Lothrop</a> in 1986, and the downtown store was renamed as <a href="/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor" title="Lord & Taylor">Lord & Taylor</a>. Woodies declared bankruptcy in 1994, and with it went the Wanamaker stores, which were sold to <a href="/wiki/May_Department_Stores_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="May Department Stores Company">May Department Stores Company</a> on June 21, 1995. In August 2006 the flagship Philadelphia store was converted from a <a href="/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor" title="Lord & Taylor">Lord & Taylor</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a>. </p> <ul><li>Bronze busts honoring Wanamaker and other industry magnates stand between the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Merchandise_Mart" title="Merchandise Mart">Merchandise Mart</a> in downtown Chicago, Illinois.</li> <li>A popular saying illustrating how difficult it was to quantify the response to advertising is attributed to Wanamaker: "<i>Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I don't know which half.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="citation is website claiming the quote attributed from a "This collection started in a recipe box at Laura's place of employment in 1996, and has grown to include over 2500 quotations.", there must be more reliable sources (March 2015)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Beginning in 1908, Wanamaker financed <a href="/wiki/Anna_Jarvis" title="Anna Jarvis">Anna Jarvis</a>'s campaign to have a national <a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">Mother's Day</a> holiday officially recognized. On May 8, 1914, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> passed a law designating the second Sunday in May as <a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day" title="Mother's Day">Mother's Day</a>, which also later became an international holiday. A dedicated Pennsylvania historic marker honoring Jarvis and Wanamaker is located at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">Philadelphia City Hall</a>, across the street from Wanamaker's store, where the earliest Mother's Day ceremonies were held.</li> <li>Wanamaker's fame was considerable around the world in his heyday. In the original play <i>Pygmalion</i> (1912) by <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, Alfred Doolittle is left a legacy by an American philanthropist millionaire named "Ezra Wanafeller", combining Wanamaker's name with <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>, Sr.</li> <li>Wanamaker owned homes in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_Point,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May Point, New Jersey">Cape May Point</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bay_Head,_New_Jersey" title="Bay Head, New Jersey">Bay Head</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, New York City, Florida, London, Paris, and <a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a>. He had a townhouse at 2032 <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Walnut Street (Philadelphia)">Walnut Street</a> in Philadelphia, which was designed similar to an English <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor house</a> and held a <a href="/wiki/Welte-Mignon#Welte_Philharmonic_Organ" title="Welte-Mignon">Welte Philharmonic Organ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in this residence. The facade of this building is still extant. During the 1980 construction of the new Wanamaker House high rise on the adjacent property on Walnut Street, the facade of the original Wanamaker house was closely monitored to ensure its preservation. This monitoring was performed by the Engineering firm, Boucher and James, Inc. Dale Leonard, professional land surveyor. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>, a close friend, was an honorary pallbearer at his funeral (there were 150 of them).</li> <li>Wanamaker was instrumental in the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Williamson_Free_School_of_Mechanical_Trades" class="mw-redirect" title="Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades">Williamson College of the Trades (originally, 'Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades')</a> in Elwyn, PA. It was named for his friend and mentor, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Vansant_Williamson" title="Isaiah Vansant Williamson">Isaiah Vansant Williamson</a>. Williamson died in 1889, shortly after he founded the school. Wanamaker was the chairman of the school's first board of trustees, who realized Williamson's vision and planning for the school. The board held a competition for the design of the original campus buildings and selected famed Philadelphia architect, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Furness" title="Frank Furness">Frank Furness</a> (<i>Furness, Evans & Company</i>). Wanamaker has been memorialized in many ways at the school, most conspicuously in The John Wanamaker Free School of Artisans, which encompasses the instructional trade workshops and is considered the heart of the college. A dormitory, foundations, and groups are also named in his honor. Wanamaker privately wrote a biography of Williamson titled, <i>Life of Isaiah V. Williamson,</i> which was published posthumously in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wanamaker was a Pennsylvania Mason. <i>The John Wanamaker Masonic Humanitarian Medal</i> was created by resolution of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania at the December Quarterly Communication of 1993. The medal, also called "<i>The Wanamaker Medal</i>" is to be awarded to a person (male or female) who, being a non-Mason, supports the ideals and philosophy of the <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Masonic Fraternity</a>. At the discretion of the R. W. Grand Master, the medal is awarded to <i>one who personifies the high ideals of John Wanamaker–a public spirited citizen, a lover of all people, and devoted to doing good</i>. The medal has been presented sparingly to maintain the great prestige associated with an award created by resolution of the Pennsylvania Grand Lodge.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wanamaker was instrumental in the vision and planning of the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Parkway" title="Benjamin Franklin Parkway">Benjamin Franklin Parkway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Standing_Bear" title="Luther Standing Bear">Luther Standing Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owney_(dog)" title="Owney (dog)">Owney (dog)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_News_Monthly" title="The Book News Monthly">The Book News Monthly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Eaton" title="Timothy Eaton">Timothy Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanamaker_Organ" title="Wanamaker Organ">Wanamaker Organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanamaker%27s" title="Wanamaker's">Wanamaker's</a> Department Store</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1899 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">1899 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Tucker" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey A. Tucker">Tucker, Jeffrey</a> (April 1, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/5171/Whats-a-Job-Good-For">What's a Job Good For?</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pabook-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pabook_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaxin,_Halley_C." class="citation web cs1">Maxin, Halley C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501113915/http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Wanamaker__John.html">"Wanamaker, John"</a>. <i>Literary and Cultural Heritage Map of Pennsylvania</i>. pabook.libraries.psu.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Wanamaker__John.html">the original</a> on May 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literary+and+Cultural+Heritage+Map+of+Pennsylvania&rft.atitle=Wanamaker%2C+John&rft.au=Maxin%2C+Halley+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpabook.libraries.psu.edu%2Fpalitmap%2Fbios%2FWanamaker__John.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-contamerbio-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-contamerbio_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=62MfAQAAMAAJ&q=Elizabeth+Kochersperger+wanamaker&pg=PA362"><i>Contemporary American Biography: Biographical Sketches of Representative Men of the Day : Representatives of Modern Thought and Progress, of the Pulpit, the Press, the Bench and Bar, of Legislation, Invention and the Great Industrial Interests of the Country, Volume 1, Part 2</i></a>. 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ABC-CLIO. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-06221-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-06221-6"><bdi>978-0-313-06221-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Illinois Press. pp. 25–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06659-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06659-7"><bdi>978-0-252-06659-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mirror+Makers%3A+A+History+of+American+Advertising+%26+Its+Creators&rft.pages=25-28&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-252-06659-7&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQlVB6ARdT7kC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fuller, Wayne E. (1964). <i>RFD: The Changing Face of Rural America</i>. pg. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309180248/http://www.usps.com/history/his2.htm">"History of the United States Postal Service 1775-1993"</a>. 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Da Capo Press, p.30 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58097-004-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58097-004-4">1-58097-004-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"John's Miserable Stamps", <i>The New York Times</i>, August 10, 1890, p.14; "Wanamaker's Latest Crime", <i>Boston Globe</i>, August 1, 1890; Political Career of John Wanamaker" Justice (Wilmington, DE), February 19, 1898 p. 1; "A Little 'Job' in Clothes," <i>The New York Times</i>, July 5, 1891, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POTF-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-POTF_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaku2011" class="citation book cs1">Kaku, Michio (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/03/26/134600339/no-flying-car-but-how-about-an-invisibility-cloak"><i>Physics of the Future</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mrs.+J.+Wanamaker+Dies+In+81st+Year%3B+Merchant%27s+Wife+Succumbs+to+Pneumonia+at+Atlantic+City+After+Long+Illness.+Children+at+Her+Bedside.+Sister+of+Husband%27s+First+Partner+Lived+a+Retired+Life%2C+with+Interests+Centred+in+Home+and+Family&rft.date=1920-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F08%2F21%2Farchives%2Fmrs-j-wanamaker-dies-in-81st-year-merchants-wife-succumbs-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1954/11/18/archives/-mrs-barclay-h-warburfon-is-dead-at-85-a-leader-in-welfare-worh-and.html">"Obituary: Mrs. Barclay H. Warburton Is Dead at 85 - A Leader in Welfare Work and Politics"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 18, 1954<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Mrs.+Barclay+H.+Warburton+Is+Dead+at+85+-+A+Leader+in+Welfare+Work+and+Politics&rft.date=1954-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1954%2F11%2F18%2Farchives%2F-mrs-barclay-h-warburfon-is-dead-at-85-a-leader-in-welfare-worh-and.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726045356/http://margins.fair-use.org/note/Henry_John_Nelson">"Henry John Nelson - Notes from the Margins"</a>. <i>margins.fair-use.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://margins.fair-use.org/note/Henry_John_Nelson">the original</a> on July 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=margins.fair-use.org&rft.atitle=Henry+John+Nelson+-+Notes+from+the+Margins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmargins.fair-use.org%2Fnote%2FHenry_John_Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LeRiAAAAIBAJ&pg=1213,3330147&dq=john+wanamaker&hl=en">"Death Overtakes John Wanamaker. Had Suffered From A Heavy Cold"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 12, 1922<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2011</span>. <q>The world famous merchant and former postmaster general passed away at his town house., 2023 Walnut street. He had been confined there since early in ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Death+Overtakes+John+Wanamaker.+Had+Suffered+From+A+Heavy+Cold&rft.date=1922-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DLeRiAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1213%2C3330147%26dq%3Djohn%2Bwanamaker%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1922/12/15/archives/wanamaker-buried-with-high-tributes-mayors-hylan-and-moore-and.html">"Wanamaker Buried With High Tributes. Mayors Hylan And Moore And Other Officials Attend Philadelphia Services. Thousands At The Church. Honors Paid As Cortege Passes. Stores And Schools Suspend. Flowers From Employees"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 15, 1922<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>. <q>John Wanamaker was buried this afternoon after services in Bethany Presbyterian Church, Twenty-second and Bainbridge streets, attended by a throng of prominent men and women whose presence showed the honor in which he was held as a merchant, philanthropist and citizen.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wanamaker+Buried+With+High+Tributes.+Mayors+Hylan+And+Moore+And+Other+Officials+Attend+Philadelphia+Services.+Thousands+At+The+Church.+Honors+Paid+As+Cortege+Passes.+Stores+And+Schools+Suspend.+Flowers+From+Employees&rft.date=1922-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1922%2F12%2F15%2Farchives%2Fwanamaker-buried-with-high-tributes-mayors-hylan-and-moore-and.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/03/03/105003683.pdf">"Thomas B. Wanamaker dead"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 3, 1908<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2010</span>. <q>Son of ex-Postmaster General passes away in Paris hotel</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Thomas+B.+Wanamaker+dead&rft.date=1908-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1908%2F03%2F03%2F105003683.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ho_display.cfm/828901">"Lindenhurst"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Architects and Buildings</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Architects+and+Buildings&rft.atitle=Lindenhurst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philadelphiabuildings.org%2Fpab%2Fapp%2Fho_display.cfm%2F828901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1889/09/06/archives/at-the-old-log-college-the-cradle-of-presbyterianism-in-america.html">"At the Old Log College – The Cradle of Presbyterianism in America"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 6, 1889. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+the+Old+Log+College+%E2%80%93+The+Cradle+of+Presbyterianism+in+America&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1889-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1889%2F09%2F06%2Farchives%2Fat-the-old-log-college-the-cradle-of-presbyterianism-in-america.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township.html">"Cheltenham Township"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cheltenham+Township&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingplaces.com%2FPA%2FMontgomery_County%2FCheltenham_Township.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/1992.html">"Quote Details: John Wanamaker: Half the money I... - The Quotations Page"</a>. <i>The Quotations Page</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Quotations+Page&rft.atitle=Quote+Details%3A+John+Wanamaker%3A+Half+the+money+I...+-+The+Quotations+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quotationspage.com%2Fquote%2F1992.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Philharmonie-Orgeln_von_M._Welte_%26_S%C3%B6hne" class="extiw" title="de:Liste der Philharmonie-Orgeln von M. Welte & Söhne">Liste der Philharmonie-Orgeln von M. Welte & Söhne und M. Welte & Sons</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWanamaker1928" class="citation book cs1">Wanamaker, John (1928). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Life_of_Isaiah_V._Williamson"><i>Life of Isaiah V. Williamson</i></a>. Philadelphia & London: J. B. Lippincott Company. pp. Chapter 8 – via wikisource.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Isaiah+V.+Williamson&rft.place=Philadelphia+%26+London&rft.pages=Chapter+8&rft.pub=J.+B.+Lippincott+Company&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Wanamaker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FLife_of_Isaiah_V._Williamson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pagrandlodge.org/masonic-leadership/honors/">"The Wanamaker Medal"</a>. PA Masons. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wanamaker+Medal&rft.pub=PA+Masons&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpagrandlodge.org%2Fmasonic-leadership%2Fhonors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppel" class="citation book cs1">Appel, Joseph H. <i>The Business Biography of John Wanamaker: Founder and Builder, America's Merchant Pioneer</i>. NY: Macmillan Co., 1930.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Business+Biography+of+John+Wanamaker%3A+Founder+and+Builder%2C+America%27s+Merchant+Pioneer&rft.pub=NY%3A+Macmillan+Co.%2C+1930&rft.aulast=Appel&rft.aufirst=Joseph+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurt1952" class="citation book cs1">Burt, Olive W. (1952). <i>John Wanamaker: Boy Merchant</i>. Childhood Of Famous Americans Series. The Bobbs-Merrill Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wanamaker%3A+Boy+Merchant&rft.series=Childhood+Of+Famous+Americans+Series&rft.pub=The+Bobbs-Merrill+Company&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=Olive+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span> (children's biography)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons" class="citation book cs1">Gibbons, Herbert Adams. <i>John Wanamaker</i>. NY: Harper & Brothers, 1926.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wanamaker&rft.pub=NY%3A+Harper+%26+Brothers%2C+1926&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Adams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=guEJUnmORDoC"><i>Wanamaker's: Meet Me at the Eagle</i></a>. The History Press. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62619-068-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62619-068-9"><bdi>978-1-62619-068-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wanamaker%27s%3A+Meet+Me+at+the+Eagle&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-62619-068-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DguEJUnmORDoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobel1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobel" title="Robert Sobel">Sobel, Robert</a> (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/entrepreneursexp00sobe/page/73">"John Wanamaker : The Triumph of Content Over Form"</a></span>. <i>The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition</i>. New York: Weybright & Talley. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/entrepreneursexp00sobe/page/73">73–109</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-40064-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-40064-8"><bdi>0-679-40064-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Wanamaker+%3A+The+Triumph+of+Content+Over+Form&rft.btitle=The+Entrepreneurs%3A+Explorations+Within+the+American+Business+Tradition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=73-109&rft.pub=Weybright+%26+Talley&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-679-40064-8&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fentrepreneursexp00sobe%2Fpage%2F73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZulker1993" class="citation book cs1">Zulker, William (1993). <i>John Wanamaker: King of Merchants</i>. Eaglecrest Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9636284-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9636284-0-2"><bdi>0-9636284-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wanamaker%3A+King+of+Merchants&rft.pub=Eaglecrest+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-9636284-0-2&rft.aulast=Zulker&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wanamaker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wanamaker&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Wanamaker" class="extiw" title="s:Author:John Wanamaker">John Wanamaker</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Wanamaker" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Wanamaker">John Wanamaker</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maykuth.com/Archives/wana95.htm">John Wanamaker: A retailing innovator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/wanamaker_hi.html">Who Made America? (John Wanamaker, Innovator)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advertisinghalloffame.org/members/member_bio.php?memid=814">Advertising Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wanamakerorgan.com/john.php">A Short Life of John Wanamaker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/3393">Works by John Wanamaker</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Wanamaker%2C%20John%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22John%20Wanamaker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Wanamaker%2C%20John%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22John%20Wanamaker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Wanamaker%2C%20J%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22John%20Wanamaker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Wanamaker%2C%20John%22%20OR%20description%3A%22John%20Wanamaker%22%29%20OR%20%28%221838-1922%22%20AND%20Wanamaker%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about John Wanamaker</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/018088">Newspaper clippings about John Wanamaker</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) No. PA-1578, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/pa0874/">Scott–Wanamaker House, 2032 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA</a>", 11 photos, 1 color transparency, 1 data page, 1 photo caption page</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Dickinson" title="Donald M. Dickinson">Donald M. Dickinson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a> </b><br />1889–1893 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wilson_S._Bissell" title="Wilson S. Bissell">Wilson S. Bissell</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bache" title="Richard Bache">Bache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Hazard" title="Ebenezer Hazard">Hazard</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postal Department Seal"><img alt="Postal Department Seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="901" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood" title="Samuel Osgood">Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Habersham" title="Joseph Habersham">Habersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Granger" title="Gideon Granger">G. Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_J._Meigs_Jr." title="Return J. Meigs Jr.">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">McLean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet level</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office Department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Kendall" title="Amos Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">F. Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">Wickliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Johnson" title="Cave Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_K._Hall" title="Nathan K. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dickinson_Hubbard" title="Samuel Dickinson Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Campbell_(postmaster_general)" title="James Campbell (postmaster general)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_V._Brown" title="Aaron V. Brown">A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Holt" title="Joseph Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_King" title="Horatio King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Blair" title="Montgomery Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">Dennison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Randall_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Alexander Randall (Wisconsin politician)">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Creswell" title="John Creswell">Creswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Marshall" title="James William Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Jewell" title="Marshall Jewell">Jewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Noble_Tyner" title="James Noble Tyner">Tyner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Key" title="David M. Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Maynard" title="Horace Maynard">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lemuel_James" title="Thomas Lemuel James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_O._Howe" title="Timothy O. Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hatton_(American_politician)" title="Frank Hatton (American politician)">Hatton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Dickinson" title="Donald M. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wanamaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_S._Bissell" title="Wilson S. Bissell">Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne_Wilson" title="William Lyne Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Albert_Gary" title="James Albert Gary">Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emory_Smith" title="Charles Emory Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Payne" title="Henry Clay Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wynne" title="Robert Wynne">Wynne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou" title="George B. Cortelyou">Cortelyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_von_Lengerke_Meyer" title="George von Lengerke Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Harris_Hitchcock" title="Frank Harris Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Burleson" title="Albert S. Burleson">Burleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_H._Hays" title="Will H. Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._New" title="Harry S. New">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Brown" title="Walter Folger Brown">W. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_M._Donaldson" title="Jesse M. Donaldson">Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Summerfield" title="Arthur Summerfield">Summerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edward_Day" title="J. Edward Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Gronouski" title="John A. Gronouski">Gronouski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Marvin_Watson" title="W. Marvin Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winton_M._Blount" title="Winton M. Blount">Blount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winton_M._Blount" title="Winton M. Blount">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._Klassen" title="E. T. Klassen">Klassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Bailar" title="Benjamin F. Bailar">Bailar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Bolger" title="William F. Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_N._Carlin" title="Paul N. Carlin">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Vincent_Casey" title="Albert Vincent Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Robert_Tisch" title="Preston Robert Tisch">Tisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_M._Frank" title="Anthony M. Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Travis_Runyon" title="Marvin Travis Runyon">Runyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Henderson" title="William J. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Potter" title="John E. Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_R._Donahoe" title="Patrick R. Donahoe">Donahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Brennan" title="Megan Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_DeJoy" title="Louis DeJoy">DeJoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Benjamin_Harrison_(1889–1893)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benjamin_Harrison_cabinet" title="Template:Benjamin Harrison cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benjamin_Harrison_cabinet" title="Template talk:Benjamin Harrison cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin_Harrison_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin Harrison cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Benjamin_Harrison_(1889–1893)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (1889–1893)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (1889–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">John W. Foster</a> (1892–1893)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pach_Brothers_-_Benjamin_Harrison.jpg/120px-Pach_Brothers_-_Benjamin_Harrison.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pach_Brothers_-_Benjamin_Harrison.jpg/180px-Pach_Brothers_-_Benjamin_Harrison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pach_Brothers_-_Benjamin_Harrison.jpg/240px-Pach_Brothers_-_Benjamin_Harrison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2638" data-file-height="3765" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">William Windom</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Foster_(Ohio_politician)" title="Charles Foster (Ohio politician)">Charles Foster</a> (1891–1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Redfield Proctor</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_B._Elkins" title="Stephen B. Elkins">Stephen B. Elkins</a> (1891–1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._H._Miller" title="William H. H. Miller">William H. H. Miller</a> (1889–1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wanamaker</a> (1889–1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Tracy" title="Benjamin F. Tracy">Benjamin F. Tracy</a> (1889–1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Willock_Noble" title="John Willock Noble">John Willock Noble</a> (1889–1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_McLain_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah McLain Rusk">Jeremiah McLain Rusk</a> (1889–1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921045#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921045#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" 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