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<span>TLCS-47 family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TLCS-47_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TLCS-48_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TLCS-48_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>TLCS-48 family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TLCS-48_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TLCS-Z80_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TLCS-Z80_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>TLCS-Z80 family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TLCS-Z80_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TLCS-90_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TLCS-90_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>TLCS-90 family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TLCS-90_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TLCS-870_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TLCS-870_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>TLCS-870 family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TLCS-870_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TLCS-900_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TLCS-900_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>TLCS-900 family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TLCS-900_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features_and_differences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features_and_differences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Features and differences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features_and_differences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Development tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefix applied to microcontrollers made by Toshiba</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>TLCS</b> is a prefix applied to <a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">microcontrollers</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>. The product line includes multiple families of <a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a> architectures. Individual components generally have a part number beginning with "TMP". E.g. the TMP8048AP is a member of the TLCS-48 family.<sup id="cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLCS-48-90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 11">: 11 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TLCS-12">TLCS-12</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: TLCS-12"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ford_EEC" title="Ford EEC">Ford EEC</a></div> <p>The TLCS-12 was a <a href="/wiki/12-bit_computing" title="12-bit computing">12-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing unit</a> manufactured by Toshiba. It began development in 1971, and was completed in 1973. It was a 32<span class="nowrap"> </span>mm<sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/MOS_integrated_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS integrated circuit">MOS integrated circuit</a> chip with about 2,800 <a href="/wiki/Silicon_gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon gate">silicon gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabrication" title="Semiconductor device fabrication">fabricated</a> on a <a href="/wiki/6_%CE%BCm_process" title="6 μm process">6 μm process</a> with <a href="/wiki/NMOS_logic" title="NMOS logic">NMOS logic</a>. It was used in the <a href="/wiki/Ford_EEC" title="Ford EEC">Ford EEC</a> <a href="/wiki/Engine_control_unit" title="Engine control unit">engine control unit</a> system, which began production in 1974 and went into mass production in 1975. The <a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">system memory</a> included 512-bit <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a>, 2<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Kibibit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibibit">kb</a> <a href="/wiki/ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM">ROM</a> and 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>kb <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shmj-1973-toshiba_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shmj-1973-toshiba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Belzer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belzer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=TLCS-12A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TLCS-12A (page does not exist)">TLCS-12A</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLCS-12A" class="extiw" title="jp:TLCS-12A">jp</a>]</span>, an improved version of the TLCS-12, was announced in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TLCS-47_family"><span class="anchor" id="47"></span>TLCS-47 family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: TLCS-47 family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The microcontrollers in the TLCS-47 category are <a href="/wiki/4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a> systems. These are no longer advertised on the Toshiba website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TLCS-48_family"><span class="anchor" id="48"></span>TLCS-48 family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: TLCS-48 family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TLCS-48 family were clones of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_MCS-48" title="Intel MCS-48">Intel MCS-48</a> (8048) microcontroller.<sup id="cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLCS-48-90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TLCS-Z80_family"><span class="anchor" id="Z80"></span>TLCS-Z80 family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: TLCS-Z80 family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TMPZ84C00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/TMPZ84C00.jpg/220px-TMPZ84C00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/TMPZ84C00.jpg/330px-TMPZ84C00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/TMPZ84C00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="157" /></a><figcaption>Toshiba Z84C00</figcaption></figure> <p>These were a series of <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a> compatible microcontrollers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TLCS-90_family"><span class="anchor" id="90"></span>TLCS-90 family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: TLCS-90 family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piggyback40_Toshiba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Piggyback40_Toshiba.jpg/220px-Piggyback40_Toshiba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Piggyback40_Toshiba.jpg/330px-Piggyback40_Toshiba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Piggyback40_Toshiba.jpg/440px-Piggyback40_Toshiba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Development version of a TLCS-90 family microcontroller with <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a> socket</figcaption></figure> <p>The microcontrollers in the TLCS-90 family use a <a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a>/<a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> architecture reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Z80" class="mw-redirect" title="Z80">Z80</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLCS-48-90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are no longer advertised on the Toshiba website. </p><p>The TLCS-90 inherits most Z80 features, such as: </p> <ul><li>seven 8-bit registers (A, B, C, D, E, H and L),</li> <li>six 16-bit registers (BC, DE, HL, IX, IY, and SP), three of which are 8-bit register pairs,</li> <li>the combined parity/overflow flag,</li> <li>the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">EX DE,HL</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">EX AF,AF'</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">EXX</code> 16-bit exchange instructions,<sup id="cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLCS-48-90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: Appendix-2">: Appendix-2 </span></sup> and</li> <li>the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">LDIR</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">LDDR</code> memory copy instructions.</li></ul> <p>There are, however, significant differences. It omits the separate I/O address space of the Z80, but adds more flexibility to operand combinations, some new operations (notably multiply and divide), and several additional <a href="/wiki/Addressing_mode" title="Addressing mode">addressing modes</a>: </p> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">(SP+d)</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">(HL+A)</code> indexed modes operating similarly to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">(IX+d)</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">(IY+d)</code></li> <li>single-byte "<a href="/wiki/Zero_page" title="Zero page">zero page</a>" addressing of memory from FF00–FFFF<sub>16</sub></li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">(IX)</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">(IY)</code>addressing without a displacement, enabling a single byte of machine code to be saved and the execution time to be decreased</li> <li>PC-relative long (-32768 to +32767 bytes from the program counter, rather than the shorter -128 to +127)</li></ul> <p>Most of the functionality of 8-bit accumulator A has also been implemented for the 16-bit HL register pair, such as the missing <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SUB</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">CP</code> instructions, and the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">AND</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">XOR</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">OR</code> bitwise instructions. The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ADD HL,rr</code> flag quirk from the Z80 is implemented. Furthermore, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">DJNZ BC,addr</code>instruction was added to ease 16-bit loop counting. </p><p>TLCS-90 SoC packages include the 4-bit BX and BY registers, which get concatenated with effective addresses based on the IX or IY register, allowing the processor to address up to one <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabyte</a> of memory.<sup id="cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLCS-48-90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: MPU90-16">: MPU90-16 </span></sup> The processor includes the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">INCX ($FF00+n)</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">DECX ($FF00+n)</code> instructions, which are useful for performing 20-bit pointer arithmetic using the IX and BX registers or the IY and BY registers. </p><p>Instructions are divided into one-byte basic and two-byte extended instructions. Opcodes E0<sub>16</sub> through FE<sub>16</sub> are prefixes which begin an extended instruction. The instruction encoding is unusual in that the prefix specifies one operand of the extended instruction, and unlike the single-byte prefixes used by the Z80 or <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> architecture, may itself be followed by operand bytes.<sup id="cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLCS-48-90-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: MPU90-23,Appendix-12">: MPU90-23,Appendix-12 </span></sup> After the prefix bytes, the second opcode byte specifies the operation and second operand. </p><p>For example, the instruction <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ADD (IX+127),5</code> is encoded as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F4 7F 68 05</code>, where the first two bytes specify the destination address, the third byte specifies the operation, and the fourth byte provides the source operand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TLCS-870_family"><span class="anchor" id="870"></span>TLCS-870 family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: TLCS-870 family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The microcontrollers in the TLCS-870 family (TLCS-870, TLCS-870/X, TLCS-870/C and TLCS-870/C1 series) use a <a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a>/<a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> architecture inspired by the TLCS-90, but less like the Z80. </p><p>The TLCS-870 is the original, with a 16-bit address space, which was extended in two different directions: </p> <ul><li>TLCS-870/X extends the architecture to 20 bits in an upward-compatible way.<sup id="cite_ref-mame_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mame-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>TLCS-870/C retains the 16-bit address space, and provides a compatible <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a>, but changes the instruction encoding<sup id="cite_ref-mame_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mame-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so that a different <a href="/wiki/Object_code" title="Object code">object code</a> is required.</li> <li>TLCS-870/C1 is an upward-compatible variant of the 870/C with minor extensions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TLCS-900_family"><span class="anchor" id="900"></span><span class="anchor" id="900/L"></span><span class="anchor" id="900/H"></span><span class="anchor" id="900/L1"></span><span class="anchor" id="900/H1"></span>TLCS-900 family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: TLCS-900 family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TLCS-900 family inherits most features from the TLCS-90 architecture, and includes 32-bit registers and a 24-bit address bus. Most implementations (TLCS-900,<sup id="cite_ref-tlcs900_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlcs900-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TLCS-900/L,<sup id="cite_ref-tlcs900_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlcs900-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TLCS-900/H and TLCS-900/L1 series) have <a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> internal data paths, like the <a href="/wiki/MC68000" class="mw-redirect" title="MC68000">MC68000</a>, while the TLCS-900/H1 series is <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32 bits</a> wide internally (like the <a href="/wiki/MC68020" class="mw-redirect" title="MC68020">MC68020</a>). </p><p>The instruction set is mostly upward-compatible with the TLCS-90, although the binary encoding differs.<sup id="cite_ref-tlcs900_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlcs900-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 182–184">: 182–184 </span></sup> The same scheme of encoding the addressing mode before the instruction's opcode and additional operands is implemented. The early models supported both a "minimum mode" where the banked registers and <a href="/wiki/Program_counter" title="Program counter">program counter</a> were 16 bits wide, and a "maximum mode" which had all 32-bit general purpose registers. Later models omitted the minimum mode. </p><p>In maximum mode, there are 4 banks of four 32-bit registers, each of which can be split into two 16-bit halves or four 8-bit quarters. In the minimum mode of early models, there are 8 banks of four 16-bit registers, which can be split into 8-bit halves. The processor can use the current bank (pointed to by the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">RFP</code> field in the 16-bit status register SR), the previous bank to be compatible with the alternate register scheme of the TLCS-90, or any arbitrary bank number from 0 to 7. There is also a fixed set of four 32-bit registers, with one of them dedicated as the stack pointer. Early models had two separate stack pointers for user and system modes. Normally, only a set of 8 registers can be addressed from a 3-bit code; addressing all registers requires an additional 6/8-bit code byte that can only be inserted in the prefixed addressing mode operand, restricting which combinations of registers can be used for the source and destination operands.<sup id="cite_ref-tlcs900_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlcs900-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The F register (low 8-bit half of the 16-bit register SR) has an alternate register called F'. Executing <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">EX AF,AF'</code> from the TLCS-90 requires executing both <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">EX A,A'</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">EX F,F'</code>. </p><p>The TLCS-900 also includes 4 "microDMA" transfer channels, each of which have programmable source and destination addresses, transfer counts, data sizes (byte, word, and longword), and various transfer modes. These are triggered the same way as normal interrupts, and interrupt program execution upon the transferring process. </p><p>The TLCS-900/H model was most prominently used in the <a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Geo Pocket">Neo Geo Pocket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color" title="Neo Geo Pocket Color">Neo Geo Pocket Color</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features_and_differences">Features and differences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Features and differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current TLCS processors offer some or all of the following features: </p> <ul><li>multifunction, bi-directional general purpose I/O ports with optional built-in <a href="/wiki/Pull-up_resistor" title="Pull-up resistor">pull-up resistors</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mask_programmable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mask programmable (page does not exist)">mask programmable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Programmable_read-only_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmable read-only memory">one time programmable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> or <a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a> type of ROM. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ROMless&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ROMless (page does not exist)">ROMless</a> versions are also available</li> <li>a variety of serial interfaces: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a></li> <li>Synchronous/Asynchronous Serial Peripherals (<a href="/wiki/UART" class="mw-redirect" title="UART">UART</a>/USART) (used with <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a>, <a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a>, and more)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial Peripheral Interface Bus">Serial Peripheral Interface Bus</a> (SPI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_timer" title="Watchdog timer">watchdog timer</a> (WDT)</li> <li>multiplexed 10-bit <a href="/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter" title="Analog-to-digital converter">A/D converters</a>; <a href="/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter" title="Digital-to-analog converter">D/A converters</a></li> <li>dual clock inputs and on-line clock switching by selecting different <i>gear values</i> (<a href="/wiki/Frequency_divider" title="Frequency divider">frequency divider</a>), thus allowing either low-power low-frequency modes or high-performance high-frequency modes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescaler" title="Prescaler">prescalable</a> 8-bit and 16-bit timers (may be used as <a href="/wiki/Programmable_Interval_Timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmable Interval Timer">Programmable Interval Timers</a>)</li> <li>8-bit and 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation" title="Pulse-width modulation">pulse-width modulation</a> (PWM) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programmable_pulse_generation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programmable pulse generation (page does not exist)">programmable pulse generation</a> (PPG) output</li> <li>power <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> supply range between 1.8 and 5.5 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">Volt</a></li> <li>external <a href="/wiki/Interrupt" title="Interrupt">interrupt</a> control</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_generator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pattern generator (page does not exist)">pattern generator</a>, suitable for <a href="/wiki/Stepper_motor" title="Stepper motor">stepper motor</a> control</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_select" title="Chip select">Chip select/wait</a> controller</li> <li>different <a href="/wiki/Chip_carrier" title="Chip carrier">chip carrier</a> formats</li></ul> <p>As demand for these features differs widely depending on the requirements for a specific project (low energy consumption; high number of I/O ports; etc.), customers can choose from a wide range of different versions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_tools">Development tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Development tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toshiba offers an <a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">ANSI C</a> compatible <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language#Assembler" title="Assembly language">assembler</a>. Neither tool is available for free. </p><p>The free <a href="/wiki/Small_Device_C_Compiler" title="Small Device C Compiler">Small Device C Compiler</a> supports the TLCS-90. </p><p>There is a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/archive/p/tlcs900archc/">project for porting GNU assembler</a> to the TLCS-900 family. </p><p>Alfred Arnold's The Macroassembler AS <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://john.ccac.rwth-aachen.de:8000/as/index.html">[1]</a> is a free assembler supporting the TLCS-47, TLCS-870, TLCS-90, TLCS-900 and TLCS-9000 families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TLCS-48-90-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLCS-48-90_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/components/toshiba/_dataBook/1988_Toshiba_TLCS-48_90_8_Bit_Microcontroller.pdf"><i>8-Bit Microcontroller: TLCS-48, -90</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Toshiba. November 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328232535/http://bitsavers.org/components/toshiba/_dataBook/1988_Toshiba_TLCS-48_90_8_Bit_Microcontroller.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-03-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=8-Bit+Microcontroller%3A+TLCS-48%2C+-90&rft.pub=Toshiba&rft.date=1988-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitsavers.org%2Fcomponents%2Ftoshiba%2F_dataBook%2F1988_Toshiba_TLCS-48_90_8_Bit_Microcontroller.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToshiba+TLCS" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_toshibadatCS48908BitMicrocontroller_11918240">Alt URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shmj-1973-toshiba-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shmj-1973-toshiba_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shmj.or.jp/english/pdf/ic/exhibi739E.pdf">"1973: 12-bit engine-control microprocessor (Toshiba)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Semiconductor History Museum of Japan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Semiconductor+History+Museum+of+Japan&rft.atitle=1973%3A+12-bit+engine-control+microprocessor+%28Toshiba%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shmj.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fpdf%2Fic%2Fexhibi739E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToshiba+TLCS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belzer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Belzer_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelzerHolzmanKent1978" class="citation book cs1">Belzer, Jack; Holzman, Albert G.; Kent, Allen (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iBsUXrgKBKkC&pg=PA402"><i>Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 10 - Linear and Matrix Algebra to Microorganisms: Computer-Assisted Identification</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824722609" title="Special:BookSources/9780824722609"><bdi>9780824722609</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Computer+Science+and+Technology%3A+Volume+10+-+Linear+and+Matrix+Algebra+to+Microorganisms%3A+Computer-Assisted+Identification&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780824722609&rft.aulast=Belzer&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Holzman%2C+Albert+G.&rft.au=Kent%2C+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiBsUXrgKBKkC%26pg%3DPA402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToshiba+TLCS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.jp/archives/48576">"新HPCの歩み（第54回）－1975年(b)－"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0HPC%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%A9%E3%81%BF%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC54%E5%9B%9E%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8D1975%E5%B9%B4%28b%29%EF%BC%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.jp%2Farchives%2F48576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToshiba+TLCS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mame-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mame_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mame_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaywood" class="citation web cs1">Haywood, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/cpu/tlcs870/tlcs870d.h">"MAME soure code: src/devices/cpu/tlcs870/tlcs870d.cpp"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=MAME+soure+code%3A+src%2Fdevices%2Fcpu%2Ftlcs870%2Ftlcs870d.cpp&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmamedev%2Fmame%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fsrc%2Fdevices%2Fcpu%2Ftlcs870%2Ftlcs870d.h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToshiba+TLCS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdtic.com/download/toshiba/870c1_cpu_book_ch4_en_090115.pdf">"TLCS-870/C1 Series Instruction Set"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Toshiba Corporation Semiconductor Company. 16 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TLCS-870%2FC1+Series+Instruction+Set&rft.pub=Toshiba+Corporation+Semiconductor+Company&rft.date=2008-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdtic.com%2Fdownload%2Ftoshiba%2F870c1_cpu_book_ch4_en_090115.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToshiba+TLCS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tlcs900-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tlcs900_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tlcs900_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tlcs900_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tlcs900_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/components/toshiba/_dataBook/1994_Toshiba_TLCS-900_16_Bit_Microcontroller.pdf#page=200">"TLCS-900 Series 16-bit Microcontroller User's Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Toshiba corporation. 1994 – via Bitsavers.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TLCS-900+Series+16-bit+Microcontroller+User%27s+Manual&rft.pub=Toshiba+corporation&rft.date=1994&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitsavers.org%2Fcomponents%2Ftoshiba%2F_dataBook%2F1994_Toshiba_TLCS-900_16_Bit_Microcontroller.pdf%23page%3D200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToshiba+TLCS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiba_TLCS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semicon.toshiba.co.jp/eng/product/micro/index.html">Toshiba Japan website about the TLCS series</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toshiba.com/taec/Catalog/Family.do?familyid=14">Toshiba USA website about the TLCS series</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontrollers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-board_microcontroller" title="Single-board microcontroller">Single-board microcontroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_function_register" title="Special function register">Special function register</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">Architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000_series" title="Motorola 68000 series">68000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8051" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 8051">8051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARC_(processor)" title="ARC (processor)">ARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers" title="AVR microcontrollers">AVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_MSP430" title="TI MSP430">MPS430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIC_microcontrollers" title="PIC microcontrollers">PIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">Word length</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Am2900" title="AMD Am2900">Am2900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COP400" title="COP400">COP400</a></li> <li>MARC4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_PPS-4" title="Rockwell PPS-4">PPS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S1C6x" title="S1C6x">S1C6x</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TLCS-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments_TMS1000" title="Texas Instruments TMS1000">TMS1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CCOM-4" class="mw-redirect" title="ΜCOM-4">μCOM-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_6800" title="Motorola 6800">6800</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68HC05" title="Motorola 68HC05">68HC05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68HC08" title="Motorola 68HC08">68HC08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68HC11" title="Motorola 68HC11">68HC11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_S08" class="mw-redirect" title="Freescale S08">S08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_RS08" title="Freescale RS08">RS08</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">6502</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WDC_65C134" title="WDC 65C134">65C134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDC_65C265" title="WDC 65C265">65C265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_740" title="Mitsubishi 740">MELPS 740</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78K" title="78K">78K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_MCS-48" title="Intel MCS-48">8048</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8051" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 8051">8051</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XC800_family" title="XC800 family">XC800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers" title="AVR microcontrollers">AVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COP8" title="COP8">COP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H8_Family" title="H8 Family">H8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIC_microcontroller" class="mw-redirect" title="PIC microcontroller">PIC10/12/16/17/18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ST6_and_ST7" title="ST6 and ST7">ST6/ST7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STM8" title="STM8">STM8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z8" title="Zilog Z8">Z8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Z80</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zilog_eZ80" title="Zilog eZ80">eZ80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_2000" title="Rabbit 2000">Rabbit 2000</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TLCS-870</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WDC_65C816" title="WDC 65C816">65C816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_68HC12" class="mw-redirect" title="Freescale 68HC12">68HC12</a>/<a href="/wiki/Freescale_68HC16" class="mw-redirect" title="Freescale 68HC16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80186" title="Intel 80186">80186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C166_family" title="C166 family">C166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CompactRISC" title="CompactRISC">CR16/C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H8_Family" title="H8 Family">H8S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_MSP430" title="TI MSP430">MSP430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIC_microcontroller#PIC24_and_dsPIC" class="mw-redirect" title="PIC microcontroller">PIC24/dsPIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R8C" title="R8C">R8C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RL78" title="RL78">RL78</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TLCS-900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z8000" title="Zilog Z8000">Z8000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Am29000" title="AMD Am29000">Am29000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARC_(processor)" title="ARC (processor)">ARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_applications_of_ARM_cores" class="mw-redirect" title="List of applications of ARM cores">ARM</a> <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-M" title="ARM Cortex-M">Cortex-M</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EFM32" title="EFM32">EFM32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_LPC" title="NXP LPC">LPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmel_ARM-based_processors" title="Atmel ARM-based processors">SAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STM32" title="STM32">STM32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_XMC" title="Infineon XMC">XMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-R" title="ARM Cortex-R">ARM Cortex-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR32" title="AVR32">AVR32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CompactRISC" title="CompactRISC">CRX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu_FR" title="Fujitsu FR">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FR-V_(microprocessor)" title="FR-V (microprocessor)">FR-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H8_Family" title="H8 Family">H8SX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M32R" title="M32R">M32R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MN103" title="MN103">MN103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">68000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NXP_ColdFire" title="NXP ColdFire">ColdFire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIC_microcontroller#PIC32MX" class="mw-redirect" title="PIC microcontroller">PIC32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPC5xx" title="MPC5xx">MPC5xx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallax_Propeller" title="Parallax Propeller">Propeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperH" title="SuperH">SuperH</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TLCS-900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_TriCore" title="Infineon TriCore">TriCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V850" title="V850">V850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RX_microcontroller_family" class="mw-redirect" title="RX microcontroller family">RX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensilica" title="Tensilica">Xtensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80000" title="Zilog Z80000">Z80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARC_(processor)" title="ARC (processor)">ARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-R" title="ARM Cortex-R">ARM Cortex-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC#64-bit_PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In-system_programming" title="In-system programming">In-circuit serial programming</a> (ICSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-system_programming" title="In-system programming">In-system programming</a> (ISP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers#PDI" title="AVR microcontrollers">Program and Debug Interface</a> (PDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers#High_voltage_serial" title="AVR microcontrollers">High-voltage serial programming</a> (HVSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers#High_voltage_parallel" title="AVR microcontrollers">High voltage parallel programming</a> (HVPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers#Bootloader" title="AVR microcontrollers">Bootloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers#ROM" title="AVR microcontrollers">ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers#aWire" title="AVR microcontrollers">aWire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debugging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_(standard)" title="Nexus (standard)">Nexus (standard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTAG" title="JTAG">Joint Test Action Group</a> (JTAG) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DebugWIRE" title="DebugWIRE">debugWIRE</a> (Atmel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIC_microcontroller#In-circuit_debugging" class="mw-redirect" title="PIC microcontroller">In-circuit debugging</a> (ICD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-circuit_emulation" title="In-circuit emulation">In-circuit emulator</a> (ICE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-target_probe" title="In-target probe">In-target probe</a> (ITP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_microcontrollers" title="List of common microcontrollers">List of common microcontrollers</a></li> <li>By manufacturer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_microprocessor#Microcontrollers" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel microprocessor">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freescale_products#Microcontrollers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Freescale products">NXP/Freescale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_microcontrollers#Infineon" title="List of common microcontrollers">Infineon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics#Products" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wi-Fi_microcontrollers" title="List of Wi-Fi microcontrollers">List of Wi-Fi microcontrollers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller" title="Programmable logic controller">Programmable logic controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microprocessors" title="List of microprocessors">List of microprocessors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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