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dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1895_Venezuelan_boundary_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_gold_standard_and_the_election_of_1896" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_gold_standard_and_the_election_of_1896"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>The gold standard and the election of 1896</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_gold_standard_and_the_election_of_1896-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents_and_Prime_Ministers_during_the_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents_and_Prime_Ministers_during_the_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Presidents and Prime Ministers during the period</span> </div> </a> <button 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<span>Rapprochement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rapprochement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rapprochement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rapprochement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Olney–Pauncefote_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olney–Pauncefote_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Olney–Pauncefote Treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olney–Pauncefote_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish–American_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish–American_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Spanish–American War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish–American_War-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reciprocity_in_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Reciprocity in Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reciprocity_in_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Improving US-UK relations (1895–1915)</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg/250px-The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg/375px-The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg/500px-The_Great_Rapprochement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2157" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a> embraces <a href="/wiki/John_Bull" title="John Bull">John Bull</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historical_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Columbia">Columbia</a> hold hands and sit together in the background in a promotional poster for the United States and Great Britain Industrial Exposition (1898).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Great Rapprochement</b> was the convergence of diplomatic, political, military, and economic objectives of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> from 1895 to 1915, the two decades before American entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>The convergence was noted by statesmen and scholars of the time, but the term "Great Rapprochement" may have been coined by American historian <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Perkins_(historian)" title="Bradford Perkins (historian)">Bradford Perkins</a> in his 1968 study of the period <i>The Great Rapprochement: England and the United States 1895–1914</i>. Perkins attributes the convergence to <a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">growing imperial ambitions</a> in the United States, British withdrawal from the Western Hemisphere to <a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">focus on preservation of its African colonies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_naval_arms_race" title="Anglo-German naval arms race">naval threat from the German Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">rapid industrialization</a> and integration into the emerging <a href="/wiki/Global_financial_system" title="Global financial system">global financial system</a> by the United States. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Anglophobia">American Anglophobia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: American Anglophobia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American sentiment towards England and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> was harshly negative for much of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enmity between the two nations, largely driven from the American side, had peaked amid the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="United Kingdom and the American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trent_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trent affair"><i>Trent</i> affair</a>. After 1872 and the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama claims"><i>Alabama</i> claims</a>, direct hostilities declined. However, other incidents, such as the <a href="/wiki/Murchison_letter" title="Murchison letter">Murchison letter</a> and disputes over borders and fishing rights between the U.S. and Canada (then a <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a> of the British Empire), stoked continued American popular resentment toward the British. Americans considered Britain their "natural enemy" and "prime villain," though acknowledged closer cultural and political affinity with Britain than with mainland European nations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684–6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684–6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_industrialization">American industrialization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American industrialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fundamental socioeconomic distinctions between the agrarian and <a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">isolationist</a> United States and the <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialized</a> British Empire rapidly diminished after 1865. The United States emerged from the Civil War as a major industrial power with a renewed commitment to a stronger federal government as opposed to one ruled by individual states, permitting engagement in imperial expansion and economic globalization. The post-war <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> therefore generated or expanded Anglo-American geopolitical and commercial networks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuffnell202097_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuffnell202097-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuffnell2020118_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuffnell2020118-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1895_Venezuelan_boundary_dispute">1895 Venezuelan boundary dispute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1895 Venezuelan boundary dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1895" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1895">Venezuelan crisis of 1895</a></div> <p>In 1895, former United States ambassador to Venezuela <a href="/wiki/William_Lindsay_Scruggs" title="William Lindsay Scruggs">William Lindsay Scruggs</a>, working as a lobbyist for the Venezuelan government, published <i>British Aggressions in Venezuela: The <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a> on Trial</i>, claiming that Britain sought to expand their territorial claim in <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> to incorporate the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Orinoco River">Orinoco River</a> watershed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congress, led by a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> majority under Senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Henry Cabot Lodge</a>, called for a vigorous American enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine. President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> and Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney" title="Richard Olney">Richard Olney</a> acquiesced, adopting the <a href="/wiki/Olney_interpretation" title="Olney interpretation">Olney interpretation</a> of the Doctrine and asserting American authority to arbitrate all boundary disputes in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cleveland's acquiescence may also have been influenced by his <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>'s reliance on Irish-American voters.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twist-British-Tail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Twist-British-Tail.jpg/220px-Twist-British-Tail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Twist-British-Tail.jpg/330px-Twist-British-Tail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Twist-British-Tail.jpg/440px-Twist-British-Tail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> twists the tail of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">British Lion</a> over Venezuela as the Republican Congress cheers him on.</figcaption></figure> <p>Guided by <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>, the British cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> rejected both the applicability and legal validity of the Monroe doctrine and asserted that Britain remained an imperial power in the Americas. Cleveland responded in kind, establishing an investigatory commission to determine the true boundary and publicly stating that his administration would use "every means in its power" to prevent British expansion into Venezuelan territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Partly due to the influence of business interests, who feared war between the powers, tensions were defused. The British cabinet agreed to approach the Americans diplomatically, and Great Britain and Venezuela signed an arbitration agreement in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1899, the arbitration committee ultimately awarded Britain ninety percent of the disputed territory. The resolution of the crisis through arbitration (rather than war) and its establishment of the United States' free hand in the Americas served to ease British-American tensions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_gold_standard_and_the_election_of_1896">The gold standard and the election of 1896</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The gold standard and the election of 1896"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bryan_after_speech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bryan_after_speech.jpg/220px-Bryan_after_speech.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bryan_after_speech.jpg/330px-Bryan_after_speech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Bryan_after_speech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>The 1896 presidential nomination of <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> served to alarm British interests, who saw his opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> as a threat to the London-based systems of international trade and finance.</figcaption></figure> <p>The British acquiescence to negotiation and arbitration in the Venezuelan crisis may have been influenced by a desire to avoid negotiation with <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>, a leading candidate for President of the United States in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American currency policy was a dominant domestic issue throughout the 19th century with an international tinge. Generally speaking, banking interests, which were then heavily centered in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, favored a deflationary <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> while agrarian and mining interests favored an inflationary <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallist</a> or outright <a href="/wiki/Free_silver" title="Free silver">free silver</a> policy to reduce or erase nominal debts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hard_currency" title="Hard currency">soundness</a> of the American dollar also had implications for access to international trade, which was dominated by the gold-backed British <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_mark_(1871)" title="German mark (1871)">German mark</a>. Many American manufacturing interests therefore called for "sound currency," meaning either acceptance of the international gold standard or bimetallism contingent upon <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_and_Economic_Conferences" title="International Monetary and Economic Conferences">international agreement</a>. </p><p>Populist <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> won the 1896 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> nomination for President on a platform explicitly opposed to the sound currency argument. Near the conclusion of his famous <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Gold_speech" title="Cross of Gold speech">Cross of Gold speech</a>, Bryan directly accused England of interference in American economic sovereignty and framed outright bimetallism without international approval as a nationalist alternative: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is the issue of <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">1776</a> over again. Our ancestors, when but three millions in number, had the courage to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">declare their political independence</a> of every other nation; shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to seventy millions, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? No, my friends, that will never be the verdict of our people. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. If they say <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallism</a> is good, but that we cannot have it until other nations help us, we reply that, <b>instead of having a gold standard because England has, we will restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States has it.</b> If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost.</p></blockquote> <p>Other Bryanite populists including <a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Altgeld" title="John Peter Altgeld">John Peter Altgeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hope_Harvey" title="William Hope Harvey">William Hope Harvey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Lease" title="Mary Elizabeth Lease">Mary Elizabeth Lease</a> echoed this theme in their speeches, alarming British opinion. In his 1894 tract <i>Coin's Financial School</i>, Harvey went so far as to argue that the total extermination of the English name from the face of the planet would be popular and just.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Bryan lost the election to <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, paving the way for fourteen years of unanimous Republican government. Soon after, the <a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike Gold Rush</a>, a final failed international conference, and <a href="/wiki/Gold_Standard_Act" title="Gold Standard Act">the legal adoption of a pure American gold standard in 1900</a> effectively ended the currency issue, thereby securing British loans in the United States and putting the two countries on the same terms of trade. The resolution of the currency issue thus also served to realign Republican Party opinion in favor of the British at the turn of the century, paving the way for rapprochement under successive Republican presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents_and_Prime_Ministers_during_the_period">Presidents and Prime Ministers during the period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Presidents and Prime Ministers during the period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_p80njy5pxwen8m69xw70o57ytcaecca"></map><img usemap="#timeline_p80njy5pxwen8m69xw70o57ytcaecca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/p80njy5pxwen8m69xw70o57ytcaecca.png" /></div> <p>While the period was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> in the United States, British government was split between the Conservative Party (1895–1905) and the Liberal Party (1905–16). The Republican Party became noticeably warmer toward Britain during the period, while the shift from Conservative to Liberal government favored the United States in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_key_diplomats">Other key diplomats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other key diplomats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>British Foreign Secretaries</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Earl of Kimberly</a> (1895)</li> <li>Marquess of Salisbury (1895–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Marquess of Lansdowne</a> (1900–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Sir Edward Grey</a> (1905–16)</li></ul> <p><b>British ambassadors to the United States</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Pauncefote" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Pauncefote">Julian Pauncefote</a> (1895–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Henry_Herbert" title="Michael Henry Herbert">Michael Henry Herbert</a> (1902–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Durand" title="Mortimer Durand">Mortimer Durand</a> (1903–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">James Bryce</a> (1907–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Spring_Rice" title="Cecil Spring Rice">Cecil Spring Rice</a> (1913–18)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>United States Secretaries of State</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney" title="Richard Olney">Richard Olney</a> (1895–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a> (1897–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">William R. Day</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a> (1898–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a> (1905–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacon" title="Robert Bacon">Robert Bacon</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Philander C. Knox</a> (1909–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> (1913–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lansing" title="Robert Lansing">Robert Lansing</a> (1915–20)</li></ul> <p><b>United States ambassadors to the Court of St. James</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Thomas F. Bayard</a> (1895–97)</li> <li>John Hay (1897–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hodges_Choate" title="Joseph Hodges Choate">Joseph Hodges Choate</a> (1899–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid" title="Whitelaw Reid">Whitelaw Reid</a> (1905–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hines_Page" title="Walter Hines Page">Walter Hines Page</a> (1912–19)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rapprochement">Rapprochement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rapprochement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olney–Pauncefote_Treaty"><span id="Olney.E2.80.93Pauncefote_Treaty"></span>Olney–Pauncefote Treaty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Olney–Pauncefote Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olney%E2%80%93Pauncefote_Treaty" title="Olney–Pauncefote Treaty">Olney–Pauncefote Treaty</a></div> <p>Shortly after the arbitration agreement in the Venezuela crisis, Secretary Olney and Ambassador Pauncefote reached an agreement to settle all further disputes between the United States and Great Britain via arbitration. The treaty was approved by President Cleveland during his <a href="/wiki/Lame_duck_(politics)" title="Lame duck (politics)">lame duck</a> session and submitted to Congress with support from many academics and peace advocates, but was rejected resoundingly by the United States Senate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish–American_War"><span id="Spanish.E2.80.93American_War"></span>Spanish–American War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spanish–American War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></div> <p>In the early stages of the Spanish–American War of 1898, the common belief in the United States, fueled by Ambassador <a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a> and Liberal pressmen like <a href="/wiki/W._T._Stead" title="W. T. Stead">W. T. Stead</a>, was that the British public took the side of the Cuban revolutionaries against Spanish colonial rule. Attitudes within the Salisbury ministry, however, were cooler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrask199645–48_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrask199645–48-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservative disposition opposed anti-colonial revolution as a rule and Britain had previously favored <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Spanish control over Cuba</a> to protect stable trade in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. The exception among the cabinet was Chamberlain (a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist</a> rather than Conservative), who now gave speeches in support of American intervention and privately suggested an outright alliance to Hay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LC-USZC4-2678_(17522430051).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/LC-USZC4-2678_%2817522430051%29.jpg/220px-LC-USZC4-2678_%2817522430051%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/LC-USZC4-2678_%2817522430051%29.jpg/330px-LC-USZC4-2678_%2817522430051%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/LC-USZC4-2678_%2817522430051%29.jpg/440px-LC-USZC4-2678_%2817522430051%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>The British policy of non-intervention and tacit support in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> played a decisive role in the largely naval conflict and marked a turning point in the diplomatic relationship between the two countries.</figcaption></figure> <p>However, publication of the <a href="/wiki/De_L%C3%B4me_Letter" title="De Lôme Letter">De Lôme Letter</a> (wherein the Spanish Ambassador suggested that Great Britain desired war with the United States) outraged the Salisbury government, and after the sinking of the <a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)" title="USS Maine (1889)">USS <i>Maine</i></a>, Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Julian_Pauncefote,_1st_Baron_Pauncefote" title="Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote">Julian Pauncefote</a> rushed to express British sympathies to the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most European powers remained aloof from the conflict, fearing American retaliation, but publicly urged peace. The Salisbury ministry, by contrast, secretly sought McKinley's personal approval before urging peace and went so far as to expedite the sale of two cruisers to the United States as part of its mobilization effort.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Hay's suggestion, Senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Henry Cabot Lodge</a> introduced a reciprocal conciliatory measure to pay Britain a long-withheld arbitration award.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over Pauncefote's objection and with Chamberlain's support, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a> (acting as Foreign Secretary in his uncle Salisbury's absence) instructed a policy of strict non-interference.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ardent permissiveness toward American action set Britain apart from other European powers and was particularly decisive in the easy American victory, in light of British naval supremacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196841_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196841-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At times, formal permissiveness crossed into material or moral support. During the 90-day war, Britain sold coal to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> and allowed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military">United States military</a> to use Britain's <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cables" class="mw-redirect" title="Submarine communications cables">submarine communications cables</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-risk1908_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-risk1908-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Commodore <a href="/wiki/George_Dewey" title="George Dewey">George Dewey</a>'s fleet sailed out of <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> harbor for <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay_(1898)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Manila Bay (1898)">Manila</a> at the onset of war, the British soldiers and sailors in the harbor openly cheered for them.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observing the war in the final months before his death, <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> remarked that the most significant event of the 20th century would be "the fact that the North Americans speak English."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States emerged from the war as an imperial power with possessions around the globe, and a special interest in the approaches to what in 1914 became the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. At the same time, the British Empire was coming under increasing pressure from the growth of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>'s economy and navy, and it was cutting back on potential conflicts on its periphery to focus on the rising threat across the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Boer_War">Second Boer War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Second Boer War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Washington refused to give support to the <a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_for_union">Calls for union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Calls for union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1901, many influential Britons advocated for a closer relationship between the two countries. <a href="/wiki/W._T._Stead" title="W. T. Stead">W. T. Stead</a> even proposed that year in <i>The Americanization of the World</i> for both to merge to unify the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>, as doing so would help Britain "continue for all time to be an integral part of the greatest of all World-Powers, supreme on sea and unassailable on land, permanently delivered from all fear of hostile attack, and capable of wielding irresistible influence in all parts of this planet." The Scottish-born American <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> shared the goal by telling Stead, "We are heading straight to the Re-United States."<sup id="cite_ref-stead1901_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stead1901-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As American <a href="/wiki/Anglophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglophobia">Anglophobia</a> declined, London realized the value of a long-term ally that would prevent an upset in Britain's <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power in international relations">balance of power</a>, which Germany and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> appeared to threaten. The US seemed to understand and to some extent agree with British imperial aspirations, if not always with the methods used in their pursuit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902–03"><span id="Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902.E2.80.9303"></span>Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the process of imperial retrenchment, Britain resolved a <a href="/wiki/Alaska_boundary_dispute" title="Alaska boundary dispute">border conflict between Canada and Alaska</a>, withdrew its objections to an American-controlled canal in the <a href="/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Pauncefote_Treaty" title="Hay–Pauncefote Treaty">Hay–Pauncefote Treaty</a> of 1901, and agreed in 1902 to arbitrate a debt collection <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903">dispute with Venezuela</a>. </p><p>After a final British flirtation with Germany's anti-American designs during the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%9303" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03">Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03</a>, Britain and the United States embraced unreservedly during the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt administration">Theodore Roosevelt administration</a> (1901–1909).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade">Trade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to geopolitical alignment brought about by the American turn toward empire, the United States and Great Britain resolved long-held trade disputes during the period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_Door_policy">Open Door policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Open Door policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Britain's adoption of <a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Open_Door_Policy" title="Open Door Policy">Open Door Policy</a> toward China garnered much goodwill on the western side of the Atlantic and further accelerated the pace of rapprochement after 1900. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reciprocity_in_Canada">Reciprocity in Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reciprocity in Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Atlantic Maritimes played an important role in furthering reconciliation on the eve of the Great Rapprochement. The 1890 appointment of Massachusetts Republican and fishing magnate Isaac C. Hall, a key figure in developing conceptions of "provincial reciprocity," as U.S. Consul to Prince Edward Island spurred Conservative calls for "Dominion reciprocity." The revived idea of "provincial reciprocity," distinguished from "Dominion reciprocity" by <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Presidency of Benjamin Harrison">Harrison Administration</a> construction of Article 33 in the 1871 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Washington_(1871)" title="Treaty of Washington (1871)">Treaty of Washington</a>, contributed to debates in the <a href="/wiki/31st_General_Assembly_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="31st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island">31st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These conflicts began with U.S. Senate Republicans' 1885 abrogation of fishery articles in the Treaty of Washington, U.S. Senate Republicans' rejection of the 1888 Bayard-Chamberlain Treaty (after passage of the Retaliation Act), and the <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888 U.S. presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neil_McLeod_(politician)" title="Neil McLeod (politician)">Neil McLeod</a>, Leader of the Opposition, held that any proposal for "provincial reciprocity" would pressure the "Dominion Government to go on their marrow bones to the American Republic and ask them for better trade relations...it would show the Americans that we were in some dire distress, and without some assistance from them in the shape of trade relations, we were at their mercy. I think that when an important case, such as the question of trade relations with the United States is pending, the local Legislature should remain quiet, and let the Dominion Government carry the burden."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill189211–12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill189211–12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McLeod also presaged his own proposed amendments to Liberal "reciprocity" trade resolutions--"we hope the negotiations will result in establishing the freest trade relations between the countries, consistent with the exigencies of the Dominion and our relations with Great Britain"—with his interpretations of lulls in "<a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalgamation (politics)">amalgamation</a>" deliberations: "formerly our Liberal friends advocated doing away with the Legislative Council, but they do not advocate that now in this House. It would not be pleasing to some of their friends in the other branch of the Legislature."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892472_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892472-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alterations to Liberal "reciprocity" resolutions proved more divisive within Conservative ranks than narratives of the origins of "<a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalgamation (politics)">amalgamation</a>." Although nine Conservative delegates (in addition to McLeod) voted for his amendments, three joined the Liberal bloc in defeating the proposed revisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892477–478_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892477–478-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Prince Edward Island, Conservative challenges against "provincial reciprocity" did not preclude Conservative advocacy for U.S. trade treaties by "Dominion reciprocity" with "provincial" support. For example, when a Liberal delegate accused Conservatives of attempting to "press upon the Dominion Government to get a treaty with the United States," <a href="/wiki/Neil_McLeod_(politician)" title="Neil McLeod (politician)">Neil McLeod</a> countered that "when the Dominion Government want[s] to undertake some great measure, such as a treaty with the United States, he [the Liberal delegate] knows that instead of being weakened by the assistance of Local Parliaments, they will be strengthened by that assistance. I do not mean to say that we ought to raise any factious difficulties or anything of that kind, but we should in any and every way show the Dominion Government that when they have a really <i>bona-fide</i> measure to propose, we are in unison with them."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill189215_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill189215-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservative appraisals of "provincial reciprocity" as a question of legislative sovereignty, rather than solely international commerce and political economy, became crucial for fictional and nonfictional narratives of Anglo-American reunion as well as burgeoning New England <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">tourism</a> in the Atlantic Maritimes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell202043–64_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell202043–64-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_Maid" title="The Moon Maid">The Moon Maid</a></i>, American writer <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a> envisioned a future in which the US and Britain would form a close military alliance and in a decades-long war defeat and subdue all other nations, uniting the world under their joint rule—with Washington, D.C., and London serving as joint planetary capitals and the US President and British Monarch being the joint Heads of State of this World State.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden" title="The White Man's Burden">The White Man's Burden</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> was written to encourage reconciliation between Great Britain and the United States in the name of cooperative civilizing imperialism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitchens200463–64_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitchens200463–64-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United Kingdom–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_crisis" title="Samoan crisis">Samoan crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Boundary_Dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Boundary Dispute">Alaska Boundary Dispute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The later revelation, by <a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">the Viscount Cranborne</a> in 1902, that Pauncefote had secretly asked McKinley's permission to join the European calls for peace outraged Germany.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1968">Perkins 1968</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684–6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins19684–6_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1968">Perkins 1968</a>, pp. 4–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuffnell202097-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuffnell202097_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuffnell2020">Tuffnell 2020</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuffnell2020118-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuffnell2020118_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuffnell2020">Tuffnell 2020</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196813–19_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1968">Perkins 1968</a>, pp. 13–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Edward_BrownSean_M._Lynn-JonesSteven_E._Miller1996" class="citation book cs1">Michael Edward Brown; Sean M. Lynn-Jones; Steven E. Miller (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/debatingdemocrat00mich"><i>Debating the Democratic Peace</i></a></span>. MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/debatingdemocrat00mich/page/147">147</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262522137" title="Special:BookSources/9780262522137"><bdi>9780262522137</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debating+the+Democratic+Peace&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780262522137&rft.au=Michael+Edward+Brown&rft.au=Sean+M.+Lynn-Jones&rft.au=Steven+E.+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdebatingdemocrat00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1968">Perkins 1968</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196820–26_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1968">Perkins 1968</a>, pp. 20–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrask199645–48-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrask199645–48_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrask1996">Trask 1996</a>, pp. 45–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196832–39_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1968">Perkins 1968</a>, pp. 32–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins196841-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins196841_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerkins1968">Perkins 1968</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/foreignpol.htm">"Home - Theodore Roosevelt Association"</a>. <i>Theodoreroosevelt.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theodoreroosevelt.org&rft.atitle=Home+-+Theodore+Roosevelt+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theodoreroosevelt.org%2Flife%2Fforeignpol.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-risk1908-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-risk1908_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisk,_Robert_K.1908" class="citation book cs1">Risk, Robert K. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americaatcolleg01riskgoog#page/n194/mode/2up"><i>America at College</i></a>. Glasgow: John Smith & Son. p. 174.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+at+College&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=John+Smith+%26+Son&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Risk%2C+Robert+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famericaatcolleg01riskgoog%23page%2Fn194%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Relations of the United States and Spain: The Spanish–American War</i>, French Ensor Chadwick, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jasone Cenoz, <i>English in Europe: The Acquisition of a Third Language</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.siwps.org/wp-content/uploads/Mitrovich-THE-FATEFUL-TRIANGLE.pdf">http://www.siwps.org/wp-content/uploads/Mitrovich-THE-FATEFUL-TRIANGLE.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWill_KaufmanHeidi_Slettedahl_Macpherson2005" class="citation book cs1">Will Kaufman; Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HbBbn3x7PZsC&pg=PA48"><i>Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851094318" title="Special:BookSources/9781851094318"><bdi>9781851094318</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+Americas%3A+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+History%3A+A+Multidisciplinary+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781851094318&rft.au=Will+Kaufman&rft.au=Heidi+Slettedahl+Macpherson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHbBbn3x7PZsC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stead1901-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stead1901_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStead,_W._T.1901" class="citation book cs1">Stead, W. T. (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americanizationo01stea#page/396/mode/2up"><i>The Americanization of the World</i></a>. Horace Markley. pp. 396–399, 405–407.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Americanization+of+the+World&rft.pages=396-399%2C+405-407&rft.pub=Horace+Markley&rft.date=1901&rft.au=Stead%2C+W.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famericanizationo01stea%23page%2F396%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1893" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Benjamin (1893). <i>Public Papers and Addresses: 1889-93</i>. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 201–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Papers+and+Addresses%3A+1889-93&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=201-14&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy" class="citation web cs1">Kennedy, Robert C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=June&Date=19">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Our Next Haul:" Complete HarpWeek Explanation"</a>. <i>HarpWeek</i>. Harper's Weekly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HarpWeek&rft.atitle=%22Our+Next+Haul%3A%22+Complete+HarpWeek+Explanation&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpweek.com%2F09Cartoon%2FBrowseByDateCartoon.asp%3FMonth%3DJune%26Date%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill189211–12-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill189211–12_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrosskill1892">Crosskill 1892</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892472-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892472_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrosskill1892">Crosskill 1892</a>, p. 472.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892477–478-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill1892477–478_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrosskill1892">Crosskill 1892</a>, pp. 477–478.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrosskill189215-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrosskill189215_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrosskill1892">Crosskill 1892</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell202043–64-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell202043–64_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBell2020">Bell 2020</a>, pp. 43–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitchens200463–64-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitchens200463–64_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHitchens2004">Hitchens 2004</a>, pp. 63–64.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2005" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Iestyn (2005). <i>Brothers Across The Ocean: British Foreign Policy and the Origins of the Anglo-American 'Special Relationship'<span></span></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brothers+Across+The+Ocean%3A+British+Foreign+Policy+and+the+Origins+of+the+Anglo-American+%27Special+Relationship%27&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Iestyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Cranbrook_Allen" title="Harry Cranbrook Allen">Allen, H.C.</a> (1955). "15: American Imperialism (1898–1912)". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatbritainunit0000alle/"><i>Great Britain and the United States: A History of Anglo-American Relations (1783-1952)</i></a></span>. New York: St. Martin's Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=15%3A+American+Imperialism+%281898%E2%80%931912%29&rft.btitle=Great+Britain+and+the+United+States%3A+A+History+of+Anglo-American+Relations+%281783-1952%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=H.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatbritainunit0000alle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1981" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Stuart (1981). <i>Race and Rapprochement: Anglo-Saxonism and Anglo-American Relations, 1895–1904</i>. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+and+Rapprochement%3A+Anglo-Saxonism+and+Anglo-American+Relations%2C+1895%E2%80%931904&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2020" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Duncan (2020). <i>Dreamworlds of Race: Empire and the Utopian Destiny of Anglo-America</i>. Princeton, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey"> NJ</a>: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-69119401-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-69119401-1"><bdi>978-0-69119401-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dreamworlds+of+Race%3A+Empire+and+the+Utopian+Destiny+of+Anglo-America&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-69119401-1&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennet2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_C._Bennett" title="James C. Bennett">Bennet, James C.</a> (2004). <i>The Anglosphere Challenge</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglosphere+Challenge&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Bennet&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Burton" title="David H. Burton">Burton, David H.</a> (1999). <i>British-American Diplomacy 1895–1917: Early Years of the Special Relationship</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British-American+Diplomacy+1895%E2%80%931917%3A+Early+Years+of+the+Special+Relationship&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1957" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Charles S. (1957). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/angloamericanund0000camp"><i>Anglo-American Understanding, 1898-1903</i></a></span>. Johns Hopkins University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-American+Understanding%2C+1898-1903&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fangloamericanund0000camp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrosskill1892" class="citation book cs1">Crosskill, William (1892). <i>The Parliamentary Reporter, or Debates and Proceedings of the House of Assembly, of Prince Edward Island, for the Year 1892</i>. Queen Street: George Gardiner, Steam Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parliamentary+Reporter%2C+or+Debates+and+Proceedings+of+the+House+of+Assembly%2C+of+Prince+Edward+Island%2C+for+the+Year+1892&rft.place=Queen+Street&rft.pub=George+Gardiner%2C+Steam+Printer&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Crosskill&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchens2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Hitchens, Christopher</a> (2004). <i>Blood, Class, and Empire: The Enduring Anglo–American Relationship</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood%2C+Class%2C+and+Empire%3A+The+Enduring+Anglo%E2%80%93American+Relationship&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Hitchens&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeale1953" class="citation journal cs1">Neale, Robert G. (1953). "British-American Relations During the Spanish-American War: Some Problems". <i>Australian Historical Studies</i>. <b>6</b> (21): 72–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=British-American+Relations+During+the+Spanish-American+War%3A+Some+Problems&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=72-89&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Neale&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1968" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Bradford (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatrapprocheme0000perk"><i>The Great Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1895—1914</i></a>. New York City: Atheneum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Rapprochement%3A+England+and+the+United+States%2C+1895%E2%80%941914&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Atheneum&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Bradford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatrapprocheme0000perk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrask1996" class="citation book cs1">Trask, David F. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2f0Gf0DQfmUC&pg=PA538"><i>The War With Spain in 1898</i></a>. Univ. of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-80329429-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-80329429-8"><bdi>0-80329429-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+With+Spain+in+1898&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-80329429-8&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2f0Gf0DQfmUC%26pg%3DPA538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuffnell2020" class="citation book cs1">Tuffnell, Stephen (2020). <i>Made in Britain: Nation and Emigration in Nineteenth-Century America</i>. Oakland, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California"> CA</a>: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52034470-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52034470-9"><bdi>978-0-52034470-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Made+in+Britain%3A+Nation+and+Emigration+in+Nineteenth-Century+America&rft.place=Oakland%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-52034470-9&rft.aulast=Tuffnell&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Cameron_Watt" title="Donald Cameron Watt">Watt, Donald Cameron</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/succeedingjohnbu0000watt"><i>Succeeding John Bull: America in Britain's Place, 1900-1975</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521250221" title="Special:BookSources/9780521250221"><bdi>9780521250221</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Succeeding+John+Bull%3A+America+in+Britain%27s+Place%2C+1900-1975&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780521250221&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Donald+Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsucceedingjohnbu0000watt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Rapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Great_Power_diplomacy" title="Template:Great Power diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Power_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Great Power diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Power_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Power diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_relations_(1814–1919)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882)" title="Triple Alliance (1882)">Triple Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Alliance_(1879)" title="Dual Alliance (1879)">Dual Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Triple Entente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Russian_Alliance" title="Franco-Russian Alliance">Franco-Russian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">Entente Cordiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_Convention" title="Anglo-Russian Convention">Anglo-Russian Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Japanese Alliance">Anglo-Japanese Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Three_Emperors" title="League of the Three Emperors">League of the Three Emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-Nation_Alliance" title="Eight-Nation Alliance">Eight-Nation Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_League" title="Balkan League">Balkan League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European balance of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman decline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_question" title="Eastern question">Eastern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire">Spread of nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_public_debt" title="Ottoman public debt">Sovereign debt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93German_enmity" title="French–German enmity">French–German enmity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Britannica" title="Pax Britannica">Pax Britannica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Lever" title="Egyptian Lever">Egyptian Lever</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">In Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_China" title="Scramble for China">Scramble for China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Door_Policy" title="Open Door Policy">Open Door Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Great Rapprochement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second Industrial Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">Industrial warfare</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties and<br />agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles_(1871)" title="Treaty of Versailles (1871)">Treaty of Versailles (1871)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Frankfurt_(1871)" title="Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)">Treaty of Frankfurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance_Treaty" title="Reinsurance Treaty">Reinsurance Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bj%C3%B6rk%C3%B6" title="Treaty of Björkö">Treaty of Björkö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Katsura_agreement" title="Taft–Katsura agreement">Taft–Katsura agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martens_Clause" title="Martens Clause">Martens Clause</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racconigi_Bargain" title="Racconigi Bargain">Racconigi agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Franco-Russian_agreement" title="1917 Franco-Russian agreement">1917 Franco-Russian agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia">Formation of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">Unification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference">Berlin Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt%E2%80%93Toulon_naval_visits" title="Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits">Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weltpolitik" title="Weltpolitik">Weltpolitik</a></i></li> <li>Naval arms races <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_naval_arms_race" title="Anglo-German naval arms race">Anglo-German</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Naval_Laws" title="German Naval Laws">German Naval Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Italian_ironclad_arms_race" title="Austro-Italian ironclad arms race">Austro-Italian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashoda_Incident" title="Fashoda Incident">Fashoda Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Annexation of Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903">Venezuela Naval Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_boundary_dispute" title="Alaska boundary dispute">Alaska boundary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">First Moroccan Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Conference" title="Algeciras Conference">Algeciras Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fes" title="Treaty of Fes">Treaty of Fes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War" title="Anglo-Egyptian War">Anglo-Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second</a></li> <li>Albanian Revolts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Third</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&oldid=1241055467">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Rapprochement&oldid=1241055467</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:United Kingdom–United States relations">United Kingdom–United 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