Wikipedia - Changes related to "Elinogrel" [en]

<?xml version="1.0"?> <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en"> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedrecentchanges&days=7&feedformat=atom&hideWikibase=1&hidebots=1&hidecategorization=1&limit=50&target=Elinogrel&urlversion=1</id> <title>Wikipedia - Changes related to "Elinogrel" [en]</title> <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedrecentchanges&days=7&feedformat=atom&hideWikibase=1&hidebots=1&hidecategorization=1&limit=50&target=Elinogrel&urlversion=1"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked"/> <updated>2024-11-27T11:25:04Z</updated> <subtitle>Related changes</subtitle> <generator>MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4</generator> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_drug/formatChEMBL&diff=1259827409&oldid=870200210</id> <title>Template:Infobox drug/formatChEMBL</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_drug/formatChEMBL&diff=1259827409&oldid=870200210"/> <updated>2024-11-27T08:03:52Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Update URL, per <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chembox#ChEMBL_links_no_longer_work" title="Template talk:Chembox">Template talk:Chembox#ChEMBL links no longer work</a> (thanks <a href="/wiki/User:Graeme_Bartlett" title="User:Graeme Bartlett">User:Graeme Bartlett</a>!)</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:03, 27 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{#if:{{{localValue|}}}|{{#if:{{{ix_label|}}}|{{{ix_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chembldb</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">index.php</del>/compound<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/inspect</del>/ChEMBL{{{localValue}}} ChEMBL{{{localValue}}}]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{#if:{{{localValue|}}}|{{#if:{{{ix_label|}}}|{{{ix_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chembl</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">explore</ins>/compound/ChEMBL{{{localValue}}} ChEMBL{{{localValue}}}]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>--&gt;{{#if:{{{comment|}}} |&amp;nbsp;{{{comment}}} }}&lt;!--</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>--&gt;{{#if:{{{comment|}}} |&amp;nbsp;{{{comment}}} }}&lt;!--</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>--&gt;{{{botref|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>--&gt;{{{botref|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>DMacks</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&diff=1259805773&oldid=1250314150</id> <title>Ivermectin</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&diff=1259805773&oldid=1250314150"/> <updated>2024-11-27T03:58:21Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Added Rx-only to EU and created hyperlink</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:58, 27 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 42:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 42:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_UK_comment =</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_UK_comment =</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_US = Rx-only</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_US = Rx-only</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_US_comment = &lt;ref name="Stromectol FDA label" /&gt;&lt;ref name="Soolantra FDA label" /&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</del>&amp;nbsp;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_US_comment = &lt;ref name="Stromectol FDA label" /&gt;&lt;ref name="Soolantra FDA label" /&gt;&amp;nbsp;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_EU = Rx-only</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_EU = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Rx-only<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_EU_comment = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=November 26, 2020 |title=List of nationally authorised medicinal products |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/ivermectin-topical-use-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00010376/202004_en.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228003009/https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/ivermectin-topical-use-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00010376/202004_en.pdf| archive-date=December 28, 2020 |publisher=European Medicines Agency|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_EU_comment = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>date=November 26, 2020 |title=List of nationally authorised medicinal products |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/ivermectin-topical-use-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00010376/202004_en.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228003009/https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/ivermectin-topical-use-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00010376/202004_en.pdf| archive-date=December 28, 2020 |publisher=European Medicines Agency|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_UN = &lt;!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_UN = &lt;!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_UN_comment =</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| legal_UN_comment =</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Jnitram78</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_drug&diff=1259748807&oldid=1244184629</id> <title>Template:Infobox drug</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_drug&diff=1259748807&oldid=1244184629"/> <updated>2024-11-26T21:04:55Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Add image_class per request</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:04, 26 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> IMAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> IMAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}} |size={{{width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{{alt|}}}}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}} |size={{{width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class={{{image_class|}}} </ins>|alt={{{alt|}}}}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{#if:{{{width2|}}}|{{{width2|}}}|{{{width|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{{alt2|}}}}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{#if:{{{width2|}}}|{{{width2|}}}|{{{width|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class={{{image_class2|}}} </ins>|alt={{{alt2|}}}}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!-- caption: kept old behaviour: when only 'caption=' input, put that below *both* images (Jan 2016) --&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!-- caption: kept old behaviour: when only 'caption=' input, put that below *both* images (Jan 2016) --&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| caption1={{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} |}} |{{{caption|}}} }}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| caption1={{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} |}} |{{{caption|}}} }}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| image3 = {{#if:{{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}|&lt;table style="width:100%; margin:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| image3 = {{#if:{{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}|&lt;table style="width:100%; margin:0;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;"&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageL|}}}|size={{{widthL|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altL|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;"&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageL|}}}|size={{{widthL|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class={{{image_classL|}}}</ins>|alt={{{altL|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;"&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageR|}}}|size={{{widthR|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altR|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;"&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageR|}}}|size={{{widthR|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class={{{image_classR|}}}</ins>|alt={{{altR|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| caption3 = {{{captionLR|}}}&lt;!--</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| caption3 = {{{captionLR|}}}&lt;!--</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 481:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 481:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|check</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|check</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|template=Template:Infobox_drug</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|template=Template:Infobox_drug</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|all= |opt= pronounce= pronounce_ref= pronounce_comment= ATC_prefix= ATC_suffix= ATC_supplemental= ATCvet= biosimilars= CAS_number_Ref= CAS_number= CAS_supplemental= ChEBI= ChEBI_Ref= ChEMBL_Ref= ChEMBL= ChemSpiderID= ChemSpiderID_Ref= chirality= class= container_only= DailyMedID= data_page= DrugBank_Ref= DrugBank= Drugs.com= duration_of_action= INN= INN_EMA= IUPAC_name= IUPHAR_ligand= KEGG_Ref= KEGG= MedlinePlus= NIAID_ChemDB= PDB_ligand= PubChemSubstance= PubChem= StdInChIKey_Ref= StdInChIKey= StdInChI_Ref= StdInChI_comment= StdInChI= UNII_Ref= UNII= DTXSID= Verifiedfields= Watchedfields= addiction_liability= alt2= altL= altR= alt= bioavailability= boiling_high= boiling_notes= boiling_point= captionLR= caption= caption2= charge= chemical_formula= chemical_formula_ref= chemical_formula_comment= class1= class2= class3= class4= class5= class6= component1= component2= component3= component4= component5= component6= density= density_notes= dependency_liability= drug_name= elimination_half-life= engvar= excretion= image2= imageL= imageR= image= Jmol= legal_AU= legal_BR= legal_CA= legal_DE= legal_EU= legal_NZ= legal_UK= legal_UN= legal_US= legal_AU_comment= legal_BR_comment= legal_CA_comment= legal_DE_comment= legal_UK_comment= legal_NZ_comment= legal_US_comment= legal_UN_comment= legal_EU_comment= legal_status= licence_CA= licence_EU= licence_US= license_CA= license_EU= license_US= mab_type= melting_high= melting_notes= melting_point= metabolism= metabolites= molecular_weight= molecular_weight_round= molecular_weight_unit= molecular_weight_ref= molecular_weight_comment= onset= pregnancy_AU= pregnancy_AU_comment= pregnancy_category= protein_bound= routes_of_administration= SMILES= smiles= solubility= sol_units= source= specific_rotation= synonyms= target= tradename= type= vaccine_type= verifiedrevid= width2= widthL= widthR= width= AAN= BAN= JAN= USAN=</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|all= |opt= pronounce= pronounce_ref= pronounce_comment= ATC_prefix= ATC_suffix= ATC_supplemental= ATCvet= biosimilars= CAS_number_Ref= CAS_number= CAS_supplemental= ChEBI= ChEBI_Ref= ChEMBL_Ref= ChEMBL= ChemSpiderID= ChemSpiderID_Ref= chirality= class= container_only= DailyMedID= data_page= DrugBank_Ref= DrugBank= Drugs.com= duration_of_action= INN= INN_EMA= IUPAC_name= IUPHAR_ligand= KEGG_Ref= KEGG= MedlinePlus= NIAID_ChemDB= PDB_ligand= PubChemSubstance= PubChem= StdInChIKey_Ref= StdInChIKey= StdInChI_Ref= StdInChI_comment= StdInChI= UNII_Ref= UNII= DTXSID= Verifiedfields= Watchedfields= addiction_liability= alt2= altL= altR= alt= bioavailability= boiling_high= boiling_notes= boiling_point= captionLR= caption= caption2= charge= chemical_formula= chemical_formula_ref= chemical_formula_comment= class1= class2= class3= class4= class5= class6= component1= component2= component3= component4= component5= component6= density= density_notes= dependency_liability= drug_name= elimination_half-life= engvar= excretion= image2= imageL= imageR= image<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">= image_class= image_class2= image_classL= image_classR</ins>= Jmol= legal_AU= legal_BR= legal_CA= legal_DE= legal_EU= legal_NZ= legal_UK= legal_UN= legal_US= legal_AU_comment= legal_BR_comment= legal_CA_comment= legal_DE_comment= legal_UK_comment= legal_NZ_comment= legal_US_comment= legal_UN_comment= legal_EU_comment= legal_status= licence_CA= licence_EU= licence_US= license_CA= license_EU= license_US= mab_type= melting_high= melting_notes= melting_point= metabolism= metabolites= molecular_weight= molecular_weight_round= molecular_weight_unit= molecular_weight_ref= molecular_weight_comment= onset= pregnancy_AU= pregnancy_AU_comment= pregnancy_category= protein_bound= routes_of_administration= SMILES= smiles= solubility= sol_units= source= specific_rotation= synonyms= target= tradename= type= vaccine_type= verifiedrevid= width2= widthL= widthR= width= AAN= BAN= JAN= USAN=</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!-- Physiological --&gt;source_tissues= target_tissues= receptors= agonists= antagonists= precursor= biosynthesis=</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!-- Physiological --&gt;source_tissues= target_tissues= receptors= agonists= antagonists= precursor= biosynthesis=</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!-- Gene therapy --&gt;gt_target_gene= gt_vector= gt_nucleic_acid_type= gt_editing_method= gt_delivery_method=</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!-- Gene therapy --&gt;gt_target_gene= gt_vector= gt_nucleic_acid_type= gt_editing_method= gt_delivery_method=</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Pppery</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nucleotide&diff=1259741331&oldid=1258425085</id> <title>Nucleotide</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nucleotide&diff=1259741331&oldid=1258425085"/> <updated>2024-11-26T20:17:31Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Inosine can servea similar function as &quot;H&quot; in the Degeneracy Codification, not &quot;D&quot;</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:17, 26 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 126:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 126:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Abbreviation codes for degenerate bases ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Abbreviation codes for degenerate bases ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{main|Nucleic acid notation}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{main|Nucleic acid notation}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[IUPAC]] has designated the symbols for nucleotides.&lt;ref name="iupac"&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/misc/naseq.html |author=Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB) |title=Nomenclature for Incompletely Specified Bases in Nucleic Acid Sequences |date=1984 |access-date=2008-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from the five (A, G, C, T/U) bases, often degenerate bases are used especially for designing [[Primer (molecular biology)|PCR primers]]. These nucleotide codes are listed here. Some primer sequences may also include the character "I", which codes for the non-standard nucleotide [[inosine]]. Inosine occurs in [[tRNAs]] and will pair with adenine, cytosine, or thymine. This character does not appear in the following table, however, because it does not represent a degeneracy. While inosine can serve a similar function as the degeneracy "<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">D</del>", it is an actual nucleotide, rather than a representation of a mix of nucleotides that covers each possible pairing needed.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[IUPAC]] has designated the symbols for nucleotides.&lt;ref name="iupac"&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/misc/naseq.html |author=Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB) |title=Nomenclature for Incompletely Specified Bases in Nucleic Acid Sequences |date=1984 |access-date=2008-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from the five (A, G, C, T/U) bases, often degenerate bases are used especially for designing [[Primer (molecular biology)|PCR primers]]. These nucleotide codes are listed here. Some primer sequences may also include the character "I", which codes for the non-standard nucleotide [[inosine]]. Inosine occurs in [[tRNAs]] and will pair with adenine, cytosine, or thymine. This character does not appear in the following table, however, because it does not represent a degeneracy. While inosine can serve a similar function as the degeneracy "<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">H</ins>", it is an actual nucleotide, rather than a representation of a mix of nucleotides that covers each possible pairing needed.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top; margin-left:25px; margin-top:10px; margin-right:25px; margin-bottom:25px; text-align:center;"</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top; margin-left:25px; margin-top:10px; margin-right:25px; margin-bottom:25px; text-align:center;"</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>187.217.150.9</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Chemical_Identifier&diff=1259684800&oldid=1254349293</id> <title>International Chemical Identifier</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Chemical_Identifier&diff=1259684800&oldid=1254349293"/> <updated>2024-11-26T14:32:04Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">InChIKey: </span> Fix the phrase describing the number of characters of the second part.</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:32, 26 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 108:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 108:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The condensed, 27 character '''InChIKey''' is a [[Hash function|hashed]] version of the full InChI (using the [[SHA-256]] algorithm), designed to allow for easy web searches of chemical compounds.&lt;ref name="IUPACInChIKey"/&gt; The '''standard InChIKey''' is the hashed counterpart of '''standard InChI'''. Most chemical structures on the Web up to 2007 have been represented as [[Graphics Interchange Format|GIF files]], which are not searchable for chemical content. The full InChI turned out to be too lengthy for easy searching, and therefore the InChIKey was developed. There is a very small, but nonzero chance of two different molecules having the same InChIKey, but the probability for duplication of only the first 14 characters has been estimated as only one duplication in 75 databases each containing one billion unique structures. With all databases currently having below 50 million structures, such duplication appears unlikely at present. A recent study more extensively studies the collision rate finding that the experimental collision rate is in agreement with the theoretical expectations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1 = Pletnev |first1 = I. |last2 = Erin |first2 = A. |last3 = McNaught |first3 = A. |last4 = Blinov |first4 = K. |last5 = Tchekhovskoi |first5 = D. |last6 = Heller |first6 = S. |doi = 10.1186/1758-2946-4-39 |title = InChIKey collision resistance: An experimental testing |journal = Journal of Cheminformatics |volume = 4 |issue = 1 |pages = 39 |year = 2012 |pmid = 23256896 |pmc = 3558395 |doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The condensed, 27 character '''InChIKey''' is a [[Hash function|hashed]] version of the full InChI (using the [[SHA-256]] algorithm), designed to allow for easy web searches of chemical compounds.&lt;ref name="IUPACInChIKey"/&gt; The '''standard InChIKey''' is the hashed counterpart of '''standard InChI'''. Most chemical structures on the Web up to 2007 have been represented as [[Graphics Interchange Format|GIF files]], which are not searchable for chemical content. The full InChI turned out to be too lengthy for easy searching, and therefore the InChIKey was developed. There is a very small, but nonzero chance of two different molecules having the same InChIKey, but the probability for duplication of only the first 14 characters has been estimated as only one duplication in 75 databases each containing one billion unique structures. With all databases currently having below 50 million structures, such duplication appears unlikely at present. A recent study more extensively studies the collision rate finding that the experimental collision rate is in agreement with the theoretical expectations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1 = Pletnev |first1 = I. |last2 = Erin |first2 = A. |last3 = McNaught |first3 = A. |last4 = Blinov |first4 = K. |last5 = Tchekhovskoi |first5 = D. |last6 = Heller |first6 = S. |doi = 10.1186/1758-2946-4-39 |title = InChIKey collision resistance: An experimental testing |journal = Journal of Cheminformatics |volume = 4 |issue = 1 |pages = 39 |year = 2012 |pmid = 23256896 |pmc = 3558395 |doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The InChIKey currently consists of three parts separated by hyphens, of 14, 10 and one character(s), respectively, like &lt;code&gt;XXXXXXXXXXXXXX-YYYYYYYYFV-P&lt;/code&gt;. The first 14 characters result from a SHA-256 hash of the connectivity information (the main layer and &lt;code&gt;/q&lt;/code&gt; sublayer of the charge layer) of the InChI. The second part consists of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</del> characters resulting from a hash of the remaining layers of the InChI, a single character indicating the kind of InChIKey (&lt;code&gt;S&lt;/code&gt; for standard and &lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt; for nonstandard), and a character indicating the version of InChI used (currently &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; for version 1). Finally, the single character at the end indicates the [[protonation]] of the core parent structure, corresponding to the &lt;code&gt;/p&lt;/code&gt; sublayer of the charge layer (&lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt; for no protonation, &lt;code&gt;O&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;P&lt;/code&gt;, ... if protons should be added and &lt;code&gt;M&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;L&lt;/code&gt;, ... if they should be removed.)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.inchi-trust.org/technical-faq/#13.1 |title=Technical FAQ - InChI Trust |website=inchi-trust.org |access-date=2021-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inchi2015 /&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The InChIKey currently consists of three parts separated by hyphens, of 14, 10 and one character(s), respectively, like &lt;code&gt;XXXXXXXXXXXXXX-YYYYYYYYFV-P&lt;/code&gt;. The first 14 characters result from a SHA-256 hash of the connectivity information (the main layer and &lt;code&gt;/q&lt;/code&gt; sublayer of the charge layer) of the InChI. The second part consists of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8</ins> characters resulting from a hash of the remaining layers of the InChI, a single character indicating the kind of InChIKey (&lt;code&gt;S&lt;/code&gt; for standard and &lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt; for nonstandard), and a character indicating the version of InChI used (currently &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; for version 1). Finally, the single character at the end indicates the [[protonation]] of the core parent structure, corresponding to the &lt;code&gt;/p&lt;/code&gt; sublayer of the charge layer (&lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt; for no protonation, &lt;code&gt;O&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;P&lt;/code&gt;, ... if protons should be added and &lt;code&gt;M&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;L&lt;/code&gt;, ... if they should be removed.)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.inchi-trust.org/technical-faq/#13.1 |title=Technical FAQ - InChI Trust |website=inchi-trust.org |access-date=2021-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inchi2015 /&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Example ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Example ===</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>2001:A18:A:1FE9:9286:CBAF:6904:2D0D</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novartis&diff=1259522511&oldid=1254505973</id> <title>Novartis</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novartis&diff=1259522511&oldid=1254505973"/> <updated>2024-11-25T17:03:36Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Rescuing 31 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</p> <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novartis&amp;diff=1259522511&amp;oldid=1254505973">Show changes</a></summary> <author><name>Noxoug1</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspirin&diff=1259471609&oldid=1259471566</id> <title>Aspirin</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspirin&diff=1259471609&oldid=1259471566"/> <updated>2024-11-25T10:05:29Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Reverted edits by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/92.207.184.242" title="Special:Contributions/92.207.184.242">92.207.184.242</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:92.207.184.242" title="User talk:92.207.184.242">talk</a>): not providing a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable source</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITE">WP:CITE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">WP:RS</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:HG">HG</a>) (3.4.10)</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:05, 25 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 99:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 99:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density = 1.40</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density = 1.40</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density_notes = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density_notes = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_point = <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">192</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_point = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">135</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_high = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_high = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_notes = &lt;ref name=b92/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_notes = &lt;ref name=b92/&gt;</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>SunDawn</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspirin&diff=1259471566&oldid=1256835813</id> <title>Aspirin</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspirin&diff=1259471566&oldid=1256835813"/> <updated>2024-11-25T10:04:56Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:04, 25 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 99:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 99:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density = 1.40</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density = 1.40</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density_notes = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| density_notes = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_point = <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">135</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_point = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">192</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_high = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_high = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_notes = &lt;ref name=b92/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| melting_notes = &lt;ref name=b92/&gt;</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>92.207.184.242</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_factor_Xa_inhibitors&diff=1259376864&oldid=1202608077</id> <title>Direct factor Xa inhibitors</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_factor_Xa_inhibitors&diff=1259376864&oldid=1202608077"/> <updated>2024-11-24T21:06:51Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>adding skin-invert-image for dark mode readability (via <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:JWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:JWB">WP:JWB</a>)</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:06, 24 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 44:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 44:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pharmacology==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pharmacology==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanism of action===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanism of action===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Coagulation in vivo.png|thumb|Coagulation in vivo, shows final common pathway and where factor Xa acts]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Coagulation in vivo.png<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>|thumb|Coagulation in vivo, shows final common pathway and where factor Xa acts]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Direct factor Xa inhibitors block the enzyme called [[factor Xa]], preventing the conversion of [[prothrombin]] to [[thrombin]] in the final common pathway of [[Coagulation#Final common pathway|clot formation]] in veins and the heart.&lt;ref name="Hitchings2019"/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Direct factor Xa inhibitors block the enzyme called [[factor Xa]], preventing the conversion of [[prothrombin]] to [[thrombin]] in the final common pathway of [[Coagulation#Final common pathway|clot formation]] in veins and the heart.&lt;ref name="Hitchings2019"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 54:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 54:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{main|Discovery and development of direct Xa inhibitors}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{main|Discovery and development of direct Xa inhibitors}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:PDB 1skz EBI.jpg|thumb|[[Antistasin]], the first discovered naturally occurring direct Xa inhibitor]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:PDB 1skz EBI.jpg<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>|thumb|[[Antistasin]], the first discovered naturally occurring direct Xa inhibitor]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Rivaroxaban structure.svg|thumb|[[Rivaroxaban]], the first synthetic direct Xa inhibitor marketed as a drug]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Rivaroxaban structure.svg<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>|thumb|[[Rivaroxaban]], the first synthetic direct Xa inhibitor marketed as a drug]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to the introduction of direct factor Xa inhibitors, [[vitamin K antagonists]] such as warfarin were the only oral anticoagulants for over 60 years, and together with [[heparin]] have been the main blood thinners in use. People admitted to hospital requiring blood thinning were started on an infusion of heparin infusion, which thinned blood immediately, and were then discharged from the hospital after almost a week on warfarin, which takes time to work. The ability to have a shorter stay in hospital came with the advent of [[low molecular weight heparin]] (LMWH) and the ability of self-injecting subcutaneously at home. Biotechnology developments then paved way for the first successful synthetic anticoagulants including [[hirudin]].&lt;ref name="ASH2008"/&gt; The monitoring of warfarin and keeping the [[international normalized ratio]] (INR) between 2.0 and 3.0, along with avoiding over and under treatment, has driven a search for an alternative.&lt;ref name="Turgeon2018"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Franchini2016"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Franchini |first1=Massimo |last2=Liumbruno |first2=Giancarlo M. |last3=Bonfanti |first3=Carlo |last4=Lippi |first4=Giuseppe |title=The evolution of anticoagulant therapy |journal=Blood Transfusion |date=March 2016 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=175–184 |doi=10.2450/2015.0096-15 |pmid=26710352 |pmc=4781787 |issn=1723-2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to the introduction of direct factor Xa inhibitors, [[vitamin K antagonists]] such as warfarin were the only oral anticoagulants for over 60 years, and together with [[heparin]] have been the main blood thinners in use. People admitted to hospital requiring blood thinning were started on an infusion of heparin infusion, which thinned blood immediately, and were then discharged from the hospital after almost a week on warfarin, which takes time to work. The ability to have a shorter stay in hospital came with the advent of [[low molecular weight heparin]] (LMWH) and the ability of self-injecting subcutaneously at home. Biotechnology developments then paved way for the first successful synthetic anticoagulants including [[hirudin]].&lt;ref name="ASH2008"/&gt; The monitoring of warfarin and keeping the [[international normalized ratio]] (INR) between 2.0 and 3.0, along with avoiding over and under treatment, has driven a search for an alternative.&lt;ref name="Turgeon2018"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Franchini2016"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Franchini |first1=Massimo |last2=Liumbruno |first2=Giancarlo M. |last3=Bonfanti |first3=Carlo |last4=Lippi |first4=Giuseppe |title=The evolution of anticoagulant therapy |journal=Blood Transfusion |date=March 2016 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=175–184 |doi=10.2450/2015.0096-15 |pmid=26710352 |pmc=4781787 |issn=1723-2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Synpath</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caffeic_acid&diff=1259365441&oldid=1235224921</id> <title>Caffeic acid</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caffeic_acid&diff=1259365441&oldid=1235224921"/> <updated>2024-11-24T20:01:47Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Removing link(s) <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Dihydroxyphenylalanine_ammonia-lyase" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase">Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase</a> closed as delete (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:XFDC#4.0.16-beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:XFDC">XFDcloser</a>)</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:01, 24 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 80:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 80:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{clear left}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{clear left}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del> was presumed to use [[L-DOPA|3,4-dihydroxy-&lt;small&gt;L&lt;/small&gt;-phenylalanine]] (&lt;small&gt;L&lt;/small&gt;-DOPA) to produce trans-caffeate and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. However, the EC number for this purported enzyme was deleted in 2007, as no evidence has emerged for its existence.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC4/3/1/11.html|title=EC 4.3.1.11|website=www.chem.qmul.ac.uk|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180117/http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC4/3/1/11.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase was presumed to use [[L-DOPA|3,4-dihydroxy-&lt;small&gt;L&lt;/small&gt;-phenylalanine]] (&lt;small&gt;L&lt;/small&gt;-DOPA) to produce trans-caffeate and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. However, the EC number for this purported enzyme was deleted in 2007, as no evidence has emerged for its existence.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC4/3/1/11.html|title=EC 4.3.1.11|website=www.chem.qmul.ac.uk|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180117/http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC4/3/1/11.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Biotransformation ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Biotransformation ===</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Star Mississippi</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argatroban&diff=1259261647&oldid=1234217081</id> <title>Argatroban</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argatroban&diff=1259261647&oldid=1234217081"/> <updated>2024-11-24T06:48:35Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Reverted edit by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Boghog" title="Special:Contributions/Boghog">Boghog</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Boghog" title="User talk:Boghog">talk</a>) to last version by Whywhenwhohow</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:48, 24 November 2024</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-notice" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-empty">(No difference)</div> </td></tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Boghog</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSX-4&diff=1259167314&oldid=1247486527</id> <title>MSX-4</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSX-4&diff=1259167314&oldid=1247486527"/> <updated>2024-11-23T19:07:48Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>InChI/InChIKey reversed</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:07, 23 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 52:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 52:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| SMILES = COC1=CC=CC(/C=C/C2N(C)C3=C(N(CCCOC(=O)[C@](C(C)C)N([H])[H])C(=O)N(CC#C)C3=O)N=2)=C1</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| SMILES = COC1=CC=CC(/C=C/C2N(C)C3=C(N(CCCOC(=O)[C@](C(C)C)N([H])[H])C(=O)N(CC#C)C3=O)N=2)=C1</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| StdInChI_Ref = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| StdInChI_Ref = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_5_0_lhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><a name="movedpara_1_0_rhs"></a>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">StdInChI</ins> = 1S/C26H30N5O5/c1-6-13-31-24(32)22-23(30(26(31)34)14-8-15-36-25(33)21(27)17(2)3)28-20(29(22)4)12-11-18-9-7-10-19(16-18)35-5/h1,7,9-12,16-17H,8,13-15,27H2,2-5H3/b12-11+</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_4_0_rhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><a name="movedpara_2_0_lhs"></a>| <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">StdInChI</del> = APBGNHUAEAMEBF-VAWYXSNFSA-N</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| StdInChIKey_Ref = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| StdInChIKey_Ref = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_2_0_lhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><a name="movedpara_4_0_rhs"></a>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">StdInChIKey</ins> = APBGNHUAEAMEBF-VAWYXSNFSA-N</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_1_0_rhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><a name="movedpara_5_0_lhs"></a>| <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">StdInChIKey</del> = 1S/C26H30N5O5/c1-6-13-31-24(32)22-23(30(26(31)34)14-8-15-36-25(33)21(27)17(2)3)28-20(29(22)4)12-11-18-9-7-10-19(16-18)35-5/h1,7,9-12,16-17H,8,13-15,27H2,2-5H3/b12-11+</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Innerstream</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phenolphthalein&diff=1259145812&oldid=1252516580</id> <title>Phenolphthalein</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phenolphthalein&diff=1259145812&oldid=1252516580"/> <updated>2024-11-23T16:48:34Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Changed the Image for the Structural Formula of Phenolphthalein since the previous one was a Blank Image</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:48, 23 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|Phenolphthalein|other related dyes in the phthalein family|Phthalein dye}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|Phenolphthalein|other related dyes in the phthalein family|Phthalein dye}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{chembox</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{chembox</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Verifiedfields = changed</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Verifiedfields = changed</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Watchedfields = changed</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Watchedfields = changed</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|verifiedrevid = 408953309</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>verifiedrevid = 408953309</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ImageFile = Phenolphthalein<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-low-pH-2D-skeletal</del>.svg</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>ImageFile<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = Phenolphthalein.svg</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ImageFile2 = Sample of solid phenolphthalein.jpg</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>ImageFile2<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = Sample of solid phenolphthalein.jpg</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ImageSize2 = 250px</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>ImageSize2<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = 250px</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|PIN = 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3''H'')-one</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>PIN<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3''H'')-one</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|OtherNames = 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isobenzofuran-1(3''H'')-one</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>OtherNames<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isobenzofuran-1(3''H'')-one</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Section1<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = {{Chembox Identifiers</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|UNII = 6QK969R2IF</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|UNII = 6QK969R2IF</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 32:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 32:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|SMILES = O=C1OC(C2=C1C=CC=C2)(C3=CC=C(C=C3)O[H])C4=CC=C(C=C4)O[H]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|SMILES = O=C1OC(C2=C1C=CC=C2)(C3=CC=C(C=C3)O[H])C4=CC=C(C=C4)O[H]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Section2<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = {{Chembox Properties</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|C=20 | H=14 | O=4</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|C=20 | H=14 | O=4</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Appearance = White powder</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Appearance = White powder</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 43:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 43:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|LambdaMax = 552 nm (1st)&lt;br&gt; 374 nm (2nd)&lt;ref name="sigma" /&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|LambdaMax = 552 nm (1st)&lt;br&gt; 374 nm (2nd)&lt;ref name="sigma" /&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Section6 = {{Chembox Pharmacology</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Section6<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = {{Chembox Pharmacology</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ATCCode_prefix = A06</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ATCCode_prefix = A06</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ATCCode_suffix = AB04</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ATCCode_suffix = AB04</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Section7<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins> = {{Chembox Hazards</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|GHSPictograms = {{GHS08}}&lt;ref name="sigma" /&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|GHSPictograms = {{GHS08}}&lt;ref name="sigma" /&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|GHSSignalWord = Danger</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|GHSSignalWord = Danger</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Platformer444</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pharmacokinetics&diff=1259122086&oldid=1247249476</id> <title>Pharmacokinetics</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pharmacokinetics&diff=1259122086&oldid=1247249476"/> <updated>2024-11-23T13:56:03Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">Bioavailability: </span> Corrected the definition of bioavailability, from reaching the site of action to reaching systemic circulation.</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:56, 23 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 173:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 173:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Main | Bioavailability}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Main | Bioavailability}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At a practical level, a drug's bioavailability can be defined as the proportion of the drug that reaches <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">its</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">site</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of action</del>. From this perspective the [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] administration of a drug provides the greatest possible bioavailability, and this method is considered to yield a bioavailability of 1 (or 100%). Bioavailability of other delivery methods is compared with that of intravenous injection (absolute bioavailability) or to a standard value related to other delivery methods in a particular study (relative bioavailability).</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At a practical level, a drug's bioavailability can be defined as the proportion of the drug that reaches <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">systemic</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">circulation</ins>. From this perspective the [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] administration of a drug provides the greatest possible bioavailability, and this method is considered to yield a bioavailability of 1 (or 100%). Bioavailability of other delivery methods is compared with that of intravenous injection (absolute bioavailability) or to a standard value related to other delivery methods in a particular study (relative bioavailability).</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>: &lt;math&gt;B_A = \frac{[ABC]_P \cdot D_{IV}}{[ABC]_{IV} \cdot D_P}&lt;/math&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>: &lt;math&gt;B_A = \frac{[ABC]_P \cdot D_{IV}}{[ABC]_{IV} \cdot D_P}&lt;/math&gt;</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>178.232.110.24</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xanthine_oxidase&diff=1259110018&oldid=1250955973</id> <title>Xanthine oxidase</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xanthine_oxidase&diff=1259110018&oldid=1250955973"/> <updated>2024-11-23T12:14:01Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:14, 23 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| LocusSupplementaryData =</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| LocusSupplementaryData =</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Xanthine oxidase''' ('''XO'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sometimes</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{'}}</del>'''XAO'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{'}}</del>) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of [[enzyme]] that generates [[reactive oxygen species]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Ardan T, Kovaceva J, Cejková J | title = Comparative histochemical and immunohistochemical study on xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase in mammalian corneal epithelium | journal = Acta Histochemica | volume = 106 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–75 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 15032331 | doi = 10.1016/j.acthis.2003.08.001 }}&lt;/ref&gt; These enzymes catalyze the [[oxidation]] of [[hypoxanthine]] to [[xanthine]] and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to [[uric acid]]. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of [[purines]] in some species, including humans.&lt;ref name=Hille&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Hille R, Hall J, Basu P | title = The Mononuclear Molybdenum Enzymes | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 114 | issue = 7 | pages = 3963–4038 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24467397 | pmc = 4080432 | doi = 10.1021/cr400443z }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Xanthine oxidase''' ('''XO''' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or</ins> '''XAO''') is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of [[enzyme]] that generates [[reactive oxygen species]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Ardan T, Kovaceva J, Cejková J | title = Comparative histochemical and immunohistochemical study on xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase in mammalian corneal epithelium | journal = Acta Histochemica | volume = 106 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–75 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 15032331 | doi = 10.1016/j.acthis.2003.08.001 }}&lt;/ref&gt; These enzymes catalyze the [[oxidation]] of [[hypoxanthine]] to [[xanthine]] and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to [[uric acid]]. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of [[purines]] in some species, including humans.&lt;ref name=Hille&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Hille R, Hall J, Basu P | title = The Mononuclear Molybdenum Enzymes | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 114 | issue = 7 | pages = 3963–4038 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24467397 | pmc = 4080432 | doi = 10.1021/cr400443z }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Xanthine oxidase is defined as an ''enzyme activity'' (EC 1.17.3.2).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:1.17.3.2|title=KEGG record for EC 1.17.3.2|website=Genome.jp|access-date=23 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same protein, which in humans has the [[HGNC]] approved gene symbol ''XDH'', can also have [[xanthine dehydrogenase]] activity (EC 1.17.1.4).&lt;ref name="KEGG record for EC 1.17.1.4"&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:1.17.1.4|title=KEGG record for EC 1.17.1.4|website=Genome.jp|access-date=23 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Most of the protein in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification.&lt;ref name="entrez"&gt;{{EntrezGene|7498}} "XDH xanthine dehydrogenase"&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{OMIM|607633|Xanthine dehydrogenase; XDH}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Xanthine oxidase is defined as an ''enzyme activity'' (EC 1.17.3.2).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:1.17.3.2|title=KEGG record for EC 1.17.3.2|website=Genome.jp|access-date=23 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same protein, which in humans has the [[HGNC]] approved gene symbol ''XDH'', can also have [[xanthine dehydrogenase]] activity (EC 1.17.1.4).&lt;ref name="KEGG record for EC 1.17.1.4"&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:1.17.1.4|title=KEGG record for EC 1.17.1.4|website=Genome.jp|access-date=23 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Most of the protein in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification.&lt;ref name="entrez"&gt;{{EntrezGene|7498}} "XDH xanthine dehydrogenase"&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{OMIM|607633|Xanthine dehydrogenase; XDH}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Danko Georgiev</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258925328&oldid=1258719470</id> <title>Methotrexate</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258925328&oldid=1258719470"/> <updated>2024-11-22T11:25:10Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">Vaccine interactions: </span> added image</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:25, 22 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 136:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 136:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Vaccine interactions ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Vaccine interactions ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:NIHR-infographic-methotrexate-01.png|thumb|325x325px|Methotrexate might reduce the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taking methotrexate can reduce the effectiveness of vaccinations against various diseases, such as [[influenza]] and [[hepatitis A]]. It does this by blunting the [[immune response]] of the body to the vaccine.&lt;ref name="Wroński_2023"&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Wroński J, Ciechomska M, Kuca-Warnawin E | title = Impact of methotrexate treatment on vaccines immunogenicity in adult rheumatological patients - Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic | journal = Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; Pharmacotherapie | volume = 165 | pages = 115254 | date = September 2023 | pmid = 37542854 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115254 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Bass AR, Chakravarty E, Akl EA, Bingham CO, Calabrese L, Cappelli LC, Johnson SR, Imundo LF, Winthrop KL, Arasaratnam RJ, Baden LR, Berard R, Bridges SL, Cheah JT, Curtis JR, Ferguson PJ, Hakkarinen I, Onel KB, Schultz G, Sivaraman V, Smith BJ, Sparks JA, Vogel TP, Williams EA, Calabrese C, Cunha JS, Fontanarosa J, Gillispie-Taylor MC, Gkrouzman E, Iyer P, Lakin KS, Legge A, Lo MS, Lockwood MM, Sadun RE, Singh N, Sullivan N, Tam H, Turgunbaev M, Turner AS, Reston J | title = 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases | journal = Arthritis Care &amp; Research | volume = 75 | issue = 3 | pages = 449–464 | date = March 2023 | pmid = 36597813 | pmc = 10291822 | doi = 10.1002/acr.25045 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taking methotrexate can reduce the effectiveness of vaccinations against various diseases, such as [[influenza]] and [[hepatitis A]]. It does this by blunting the [[immune response]] of the body to the vaccine.&lt;ref name="Wroński_2023"&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Wroński J, Ciechomska M, Kuca-Warnawin E | title = Impact of methotrexate treatment on vaccines immunogenicity in adult rheumatological patients - Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic | journal = Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; Pharmacotherapie | volume = 165 | pages = 115254 | date = September 2023 | pmid = 37542854 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115254 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Bass AR, Chakravarty E, Akl EA, Bingham CO, Calabrese L, Cappelli LC, Johnson SR, Imundo LF, Winthrop KL, Arasaratnam RJ, Baden LR, Berard R, Bridges SL, Cheah JT, Curtis JR, Ferguson PJ, Hakkarinen I, Onel KB, Schultz G, Sivaraman V, Smith BJ, Sparks JA, Vogel TP, Williams EA, Calabrese C, Cunha JS, Fontanarosa J, Gillispie-Taylor MC, Gkrouzman E, Iyer P, Lakin KS, Legge A, Lo MS, Lockwood MM, Sadun RE, Singh N, Sullivan N, Tam H, Turgunbaev M, Turner AS, Reston J | title = 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases | journal = Arthritis Care &amp; Research | volume = 75 | issue = 3 | pages = 449–464 | date = March 2023 | pmid = 36597813 | pmc = 10291822 | doi = 10.1002/acr.25045 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Adam Harangozó (NIHR WiR)</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caffeine&diff=1258886897&oldid=1258414735</id> <title>Caffeine</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caffeine&diff=1258886897&oldid=1258414735"/> <updated>2024-11-22T04:54:03Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Failed verification</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:54, 22 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 23:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 23:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| dependency_liability = [[Physical dependence|Physical]]: Moderate 13% and variable low–high 10–73%&lt;ref name="pmid15448977" /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| dependency_liability = [[Physical dependence|Physical]]: Moderate 13% and variable low–high 10–73%&lt;ref name="pmid15448977" /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Psychological dependence|Psychological]]: Low–moderate&lt;ref name="pmid15448977" /&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Psychological dependence|Psychological]]: Low–moderate&lt;ref name="pmid15448977" /&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| addiction_liability = Relatively low: 9%&lt;ref name="pmid24761279" /&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| addiction_liability = Relatively low: 9%&lt;ref name="pmid24761279" /&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> {{fv}}</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| routes_of_administration = Common: [[Oral administration|By mouth]] Medical: [[intravenous]] &lt;br /&gt;Uncommon: [[Insufflation (medicine)|insufflation]], [[Rectal administration|rectal]], [[Caffeine patch|transdermal]], [[topical]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| routes_of_administration = Common: [[Oral administration|By mouth]] Medical: [[intravenous]] &lt;br /&gt;Uncommon: [[Insufflation (medicine)|insufflation]], [[Rectal administration|rectal]], [[Caffeine patch|transdermal]], [[topical]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| class = [[Stimulant]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Adenosinergic]];&lt;br /&gt; [[Eugeroic]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Nootropic]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Anxiogenic]]; &lt;br /&gt; [[Analeptic]]; &lt;br /&gt; [[Phosphodiesterase inhibitor]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Diuretic]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| class = [[Stimulant]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Adenosinergic]];&lt;br /&gt; [[Eugeroic]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Nootropic]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Anxiogenic]]; &lt;br /&gt; [[Analeptic]]; &lt;br /&gt; [[Phosphodiesterase inhibitor]];&lt;br /&gt;[[Diuretic]]</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>ThatIPEditor</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Stub&diff=1258876435&oldid=1249834433</id> <title>Wikipedia:Stub</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Stub&diff=1258876435&oldid=1249834433"/> <updated>2024-11-22T03:13:27Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:13, 22 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''There is no set size at which an article stops being a stub.''' While very short articles are very likely to be stubs, there are some subjects about which very little {{em|can}} be written. Conversely, there are subjects about which a lot could be written, and their articles may still be stubs even if they are a few paragraphs long. As such, it is impossible to state whether an article is a stub based solely on its length, and any decision on the article has to come down to an editor's best judgment (the user essay on the [[User:Grutness/Croughton-London rule of stubs|Croughton-London rule]] may be of use when trying to judge whether an article is a stub). Similarly, stub status usually depends on the length of prose text alone; lists, [[Help:Template|templates]], images, and other such peripheral parts of an article are usually not considered when judging whether an article is a stub.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''There is no set size at which an article stops being a stub.''' While very short articles are very likely to be stubs, there are some subjects about which very little {{em|can}} be written. Conversely, there are subjects about which a lot could be written, and their articles may still be stubs even if they are a few paragraphs long. As such, it is impossible to state whether an article is a stub based solely on its length, and any decision on the article has to come down to an editor's best judgment (the user essay on the [[User:Grutness/Croughton-London rule of stubs|Croughton-London rule]] may be of use when trying to judge whether an article is a stub). Similarly, stub status usually depends on the length of prose text alone; lists, [[Help:Template|templates]], images, and other such peripheral parts of an article are usually not considered when judging whether an article is a stub.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>That said, [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AutoWikiBrowser]] is frequently set to automatically remove stub tags from any article with more than 500 words. This threshold was chosen because it is very unlikely that any article containing more than 500 words is correctly classified as stub.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>That said, [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AutoWikiBrowser]] is frequently set to automatically remove stub tags from any article with more than 500 words. This threshold was chosen because it is very unlikely that any article containing more than 500 words is correctly classified as<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> a</ins> stub.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Creating and improving a stub article===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Creating and improving a stub article===</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Ongegonggong</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theobromine&diff=1258783346&oldid=1257874987</id> <title>Theobromine</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theobromine&diff=1258783346&oldid=1257874987"/> <updated>2024-11-21T16:35:03Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>wrong one</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:35, 21 November 2024</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Chembox</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Chembox</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|container_only = yes</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFile = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFile = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageSize = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageSize = </div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>DMacks</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258719470&oldid=1258627163</id> <title>Methotrexate</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258719470&oldid=1258627163"/> <updated>2024-11-21T06:26:17Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>consistent citation formatting</p> <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&amp;diff=1258719470&amp;oldid=1258627163">Show changes</a></summary> <author><name>Boghog</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clopidogrel&diff=1258706617&oldid=1244643805</id> <title>Clopidogrel</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clopidogrel&diff=1258706617&oldid=1244643805"/> <updated>2024-11-21T04:08:54Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">Pharmacokinetics and metabolism: </span> thiolactone link</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:08, 21 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 164:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 164:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After repeated oral doses of 75&amp;nbsp;mg of clopidogrel (base), plasma concentrations of the parent compound, which has no platelet-inhibiting effect, are very low and, in general, are below the quantification limit (0.258&amp;nbsp;μg/L) beyond two hours after dosing.{{medical citation needed|date=November 2012}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After repeated oral doses of 75&amp;nbsp;mg of clopidogrel (base), plasma concentrations of the parent compound, which has no platelet-inhibiting effect, are very low and, in general, are below the quantification limit (0.258&amp;nbsp;μg/L) beyond two hours after dosing.{{medical citation needed|date=November 2012}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Clopidogrel is a [[prodrug]], which is activated in two steps, first by the enzymes [[CYP2C19]], [[CYP1A2]] and [[CYP2B6]], then by CYP2C19, [[CYP2C9]], CYP2B6 and [[CYP3A]].&lt;ref name=Cattaneo212rev&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Cattaneo M|title=Response variability to clopidogrel: is tailored treatment, based on laboratory testing, the right solution?|journal=Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis|date=March 2012|volume=10|issue=3|pages=327–36|doi=10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04602.x|pmid=22221409|s2cid=34477003| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}&lt;/ref&gt; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Due</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">opening</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thiophene</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ring</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chemical</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structure</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of the</del> active metabolite has three sites that are stereochemically relevant, making a total of eight possible isomers. These are: a stereocentre at C4 (attached to the —SH thiol group), a double bond at C3—C16, and the original stereocentre at C7. Only one of the eight structures is an active antiplatelet drug. This has the following configuration: ''Z'' configuration at the C3—C16 double bond, the original ''S'' configuration at C7,&lt;ref name="metabolite" /&gt; and, although the stereocentre at C4 cannot be directly determined, as the thiol group is too reactive, work with the active metabolite of the related drug prasugrel suggests the ''R''-configuration of the C4 group is critical for P2Y&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; and platelet-inhibitory activity.{{medical citation needed|date=December 2011}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Clopidogrel is a [[prodrug]], which is activated in two steps, first by the enzymes [[CYP2C19]], [[CYP1A2]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</ins> and [[CYP2B6]], then by CYP2C19, [[CYP2C9]], CYP2B6<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</ins> and [[CYP3A]].&lt;ref name=Cattaneo212rev&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Cattaneo M|title=Response variability to clopidogrel: is tailored treatment, based on laboratory testing, the right solution?|journal=Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis|date=March 2012|volume=10|issue=3|pages=327–36|doi=10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04602.x|pmid=22221409|s2cid=34477003| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}&lt;/ref&gt; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thiophene</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ring</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">converted</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a [[thiolactone]]</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">undergoes</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ring-opening.</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The</ins> active metabolite has three sites that are stereochemically relevant, making a total of eight possible isomers. These are: a stereocentre at C4 (attached to the —SH thiol group), a double bond at C3—C16, and the original stereocentre at C7. Only one of the eight structures is an active antiplatelet drug. This has the following configuration: ''Z'' configuration at the C3—C16 double bond, the original ''S'' configuration at C7,&lt;ref name="metabolite" /&gt; and, although the stereocentre at C4 cannot be directly determined, as the thiol group is too reactive, work with the active metabolite of the related drug prasugrel suggests the ''R''-configuration of the C4 group is critical for P2Y&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; and platelet-inhibitory activity.{{medical citation needed|date=December 2011}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The active metabolite has an elimination half-life of about 0.5 to 1.0&amp;nbsp;h, and acts by forming a disulfide bridge with the platelet ADP receptor. Patients with a variant allele of CYP2C19 are 1.5 to 3.5 times more likely to die or have complications than patients with the high-functioning allele.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Mega JL, Close SL, Wiviott SD, Shen L, Hockett RD, Brandt JT, Walker JR, Antman EM, Macias W, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS | title = Cytochrome p-450 polymorphisms and response to clopidogrel | journal = [[The New England Journal of Medicine]] | volume = 360 | issue = 4 | pages = 354–62 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19106084 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa0809171 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Méneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrières J, Danchin N, ((Becquemont L, French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Investigators)) | title = Genetic Determinants of Response to Clopidogrel and Cardiovascular Events | journal = [[The New England Journal of Medicine]] | volume = 360 | issue = 4 | pages = 363–75 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19106083 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa0808227 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Collet JP, Hulot JS, Pena A, Villard E, Esteve JB, Silvain J, Payot L, Brugier D, Cayla G, Beygui F, Bensimon G, Funck-Brentano C, Montalescot G | title = Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism in young patients treated with clopidogrel after myocardial infarction: a cohort study | journal = [[The Lancet]] | volume = 373 | issue = 9660 | pages = 309–17 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19108880 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61845-0 | s2cid = 22405890 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The active metabolite has an elimination half-life of about 0.5 to 1.0&amp;nbsp;h, and acts by forming a disulfide bridge with the platelet ADP receptor. Patients with a variant allele of CYP2C19 are 1.5 to 3.5 times more likely to die or have complications than patients with the high-functioning allele.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Mega JL, Close SL, Wiviott SD, Shen L, Hockett RD, Brandt JT, Walker JR, Antman EM, Macias W, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS | title = Cytochrome p-450 polymorphisms and response to clopidogrel | journal = [[The New England Journal of Medicine]] | volume = 360 | issue = 4 | pages = 354–62 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19106084 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa0809171 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Méneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrières J, Danchin N, ((Becquemont L, French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Investigators)) | title = Genetic Determinants of Response to Clopidogrel and Cardiovascular Events | journal = [[The New England Journal of Medicine]] | volume = 360 | issue = 4 | pages = 363–75 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19106083 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa0808227 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Collet JP, Hulot JS, Pena A, Villard E, Esteve JB, Silvain J, Payot L, Brugier D, Cayla G, Beygui F, Bensimon G, Funck-Brentano C, Montalescot G | title = Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism in young patients treated with clopidogrel after myocardial infarction: a cohort study | journal = [[The Lancet]] | volume = 373 | issue = 9660 | pages = 309–17 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19108880 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61845-0 | s2cid = 22405890 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Smokefoot</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258627163&oldid=1258566852</id> <title>Methotrexate</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258627163&oldid=1258566852"/> <updated>2024-11-20T19:12:46Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Fixed a PMC parameter in a citation. Please see <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_PMC_format" title="Category:CS1 maint: PMC format">Category:CS1 maint: PMC format</a></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:12, 20 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 136:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 136:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Vaccine interactions ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Vaccine interactions ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taking methotrexate can reduce the effectiveness of vaccinations against various diseases, such as [[influenza]] and [[hepatitis A]]. It does this by blunting the [[immune response]] of the body to the vaccine.&lt;ref name=":2"&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wroński |first=Jakub |last2=Ciechomska |first2=Marzena |last3=Kuca-Warnawin |first3=Ewa |date=3 August 2023 |title=Impact of methotrexate treatment on vaccines immunogenicity in adult rheumatological patients – Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0753332223010454 |journal=Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy |language=en |volume=165 |pages=115254 |doi=10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115254}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bass |first=Anne R. |last2=Chakravarty |first2=Eliza |last3=Akl |first3=Elie A. |last4=Bingham |first4=Clifton O. |last5=Calabrese |first5=Leonard |last6=Cappelli |first6=Laura C. |last7=Johnson |first7=Sindhu R. |last8=Imundo |first8=Lisa F. |last9=Winthrop |first9=Kevin L. |last10=Arasaratnam |first10=Reuben J. |last11=Baden |first11=Lindsey R. |last12=Berard |first12=Roberta |last13=Bridges |first13=S. Louis |last14=Cheah |first14=Jonathan T. L. |last15=Curtis |first15=Jeffrey R. |date=4 January 2023 |title=2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases |url=https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.25045 |journal=Arthritis Care &amp; Research |language=en |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=449–464 |doi=10.1002/acr.25045 |issn=2151-464X |pmc=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PMC10291822</del> |pmid=36597813}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taking methotrexate can reduce the effectiveness of vaccinations against various diseases, such as [[influenza]] and [[hepatitis A]]. It does this by blunting the [[immune response]] of the body to the vaccine.&lt;ref name=":2"&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wroński |first=Jakub |last2=Ciechomska |first2=Marzena |last3=Kuca-Warnawin |first3=Ewa |date=3 August 2023 |title=Impact of methotrexate treatment on vaccines immunogenicity in adult rheumatological patients – Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0753332223010454 |journal=Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy |language=en |volume=165 |pages=115254 |doi=10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115254}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bass |first=Anne R. |last2=Chakravarty |first2=Eliza |last3=Akl |first3=Elie A. |last4=Bingham |first4=Clifton O. |last5=Calabrese |first5=Leonard |last6=Cappelli |first6=Laura C. |last7=Johnson |first7=Sindhu R. |last8=Imundo |first8=Lisa F. |last9=Winthrop |first9=Kevin L. |last10=Arasaratnam |first10=Reuben J. |last11=Baden |first11=Lindsey R. |last12=Berard |first12=Roberta |last13=Bridges |first13=S. Louis |last14=Cheah |first14=Jonathan T. L. |last15=Curtis |first15=Jeffrey R. |date=4 January 2023 |title=2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases |url=https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.25045 |journal=Arthritis Care &amp; Research |language=en |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=449–464 |doi=10.1002/acr.25045 |issn=2151-464X |pmc=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10291822</ins> |pmid=36597813}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Methotrexate also dampens the immune response to [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccines]], making them less effective.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Al-Haideri |first=Maysoon T. |last2=Mannani |first2=Reza |last3=Kaboli |first3=Roghayyeh |last4=Gharebakhshi |first4=Farshad |last5=Darvishzadehdeldari |first5=Shahram |last6=Tahmasebi |first6=Safa |last7=Faramarzi |first7=Fatemeh |last8=Cotrina-Aliaga |first8=Juan Carlos |last9=Khorasani |first9=Sahar |last10=Alimohammadi |first10=Mina |last11=Darvishi |first11=Mohammad |last12=Akhavan-Sigari |first12=Reza |date=6 June 2023 |title=The effects of methotrexate on the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in the patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966327423000758 |journal=Transplant Immunology |language=en |volume=79 |pages=101858 |doi=10.1016/j.trim.2023.101858 |pmc=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PMC10205646</del> |pmid=37236514}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 January 2023 |title=A pause in methotrexate treatment boosted the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/a-short-pause-methotrexate-treatment-boosted-immune-response-covid-19-vaccine/ |journal=NIHR Evidence |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Research |doi=10.3310/nihrevidence_56391}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pausing methotrexate for two weeks following COVID-19 vaccination may result in improved immunity. Not taking the medicine for two weeks might result in a minor increase of inflammatory disease flares in some people.&lt;ref name=":2" /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Imran |first=Muhammad |last2=Ali |first2=Shujaat |last3=Ibrahim |first3=Ahmed A. |last4=Amjad |first4=Areeb |last5=Tanveer |first5=Aiman |last6=Khalil |first6=Saba |last7=Ali |first7=Mansab |last8=Abuelazm |first8=Mohamed |date=27 May 2024 |title=Effect of methotrexate hold on COVID-19 vaccine response in the patients with autoimmune inflammatory disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10067-024-07013-3 |journal=Clinical Rheumatology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=2203–2214 |doi=10.1007/s10067-024-07013-3 |issn=0770-3198}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abhishek |first=Abhishek |last2=Peckham |first2=Nicholas |last3=Pade |first3=Corinna |last4=Gibbons |first4=Joseph M |last5=Cureton |first5=Lucy |last6=Francis |first6=Anne |last7=Barber |first7=Vicki |last8=Williams |first8=Jennifer A E |last9=Appelbe |first9=Duncan |last10=Eldridge |first10=Lucy |last11=Julier |first11=Patrick |last12=Altmann |first12=Daniel M |last13=Bluett |first13=James |last14=Brooks |first14=Tim |last15=Coates |first15=Laura C |date=2023-12-12 |title=Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2665991323002989 |journal=The Lancet Rheumatology |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=e92–e104 |doi=10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00298-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Methotrexate also dampens the immune response to [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccines]], making them less effective.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Al-Haideri |first=Maysoon T. |last2=Mannani |first2=Reza |last3=Kaboli |first3=Roghayyeh |last4=Gharebakhshi |first4=Farshad |last5=Darvishzadehdeldari |first5=Shahram |last6=Tahmasebi |first6=Safa |last7=Faramarzi |first7=Fatemeh |last8=Cotrina-Aliaga |first8=Juan Carlos |last9=Khorasani |first9=Sahar |last10=Alimohammadi |first10=Mina |last11=Darvishi |first11=Mohammad |last12=Akhavan-Sigari |first12=Reza |date=6 June 2023 |title=The effects of methotrexate on the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in the patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966327423000758 |journal=Transplant Immunology |language=en |volume=79 |pages=101858 |doi=10.1016/j.trim.2023.101858 |pmc=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10205646</ins> |pmid=37236514}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 January 2023 |title=A pause in methotrexate treatment boosted the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/a-short-pause-methotrexate-treatment-boosted-immune-response-covid-19-vaccine/ |journal=NIHR Evidence |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Research |doi=10.3310/nihrevidence_56391}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pausing methotrexate for two weeks following COVID-19 vaccination may result in improved immunity. Not taking the medicine for two weeks might result in a minor increase of inflammatory disease flares in some people.&lt;ref name=":2" /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Imran |first=Muhammad |last2=Ali |first2=Shujaat |last3=Ibrahim |first3=Ahmed A. |last4=Amjad |first4=Areeb |last5=Tanveer |first5=Aiman |last6=Khalil |first6=Saba |last7=Ali |first7=Mansab |last8=Abuelazm |first8=Mohamed |date=27 May 2024 |title=Effect of methotrexate hold on COVID-19 vaccine response in the patients with autoimmune inflammatory disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10067-024-07013-3 |journal=Clinical Rheumatology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=2203–2214 |doi=10.1007/s10067-024-07013-3 |issn=0770-3198}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abhishek |first=Abhishek |last2=Peckham |first2=Nicholas |last3=Pade |first3=Corinna |last4=Gibbons |first4=Joseph M |last5=Cureton |first5=Lucy |last6=Francis |first6=Anne |last7=Barber |first7=Vicki |last8=Williams |first8=Jennifer A E |last9=Appelbe |first9=Duncan |last10=Eldridge |first10=Lucy |last11=Julier |first11=Patrick |last12=Altmann |first12=Daniel M |last13=Bluett |first13=James |last14=Brooks |first14=Tim |last15=Coates |first15=Laura C |date=2023-12-12 |title=Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2665991323002989 |journal=The Lancet Rheumatology |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=e92–e104 |doi=10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00298-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Mechanism of action==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Mechanism of action==</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Ira Leviton</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipyridamole&diff=1258612749&oldid=1189252879</id> <title>Dipyridamole</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipyridamole&diff=1258612749&oldid=1189252879"/> <updated>2024-11-20T17:40:50Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>-unreffed, -experimental no studies since 2016, minor rewrite lede (-rm dead link)</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:40, 20 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 54:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 54:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Dipyridamole''' (trademarked as '''Persantine''' and others) is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a</del> [[nucleoside transporter|nucleoside transport inhibitor]] and<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> a</del> [[PDE3 inhibitor]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[medication]]</del> that inhibits [[thrombus|blood clot]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> formation&lt;ref&gt;{{DorlandsDict|three/000030395|Dipyridamole}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{dead link|date=December 2023}}</del> when given chronically and causes [[vasodilation|blood vessel dilation]] when given at high doses over a short time.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Dipyridamole''' (trademarked as '''Persantine''' and others) is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an [[antiplatelet drug]] of the</ins> [[nucleoside transporter|nucleoside transport inhibitor]] and [[PDE3 inhibitor]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">class</ins> that inhibits [[thrombus|blood clot<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> formation</ins>]] when given chronically and causes [[vasodilation|blood vessel dilation]] when given at high doses over a short time.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Medical uses==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Medical uses==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole is used to dilate blood vessels in people with [[peripheral arterial disease]] and [[coronary artery disease]].&lt;ref name=Brown2015/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole is used to dilate blood vessels in people with [[peripheral arterial disease]] and [[coronary artery disease]].&lt;ref name=Brown2015/&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole has been shown to lower [[pulmonary hypertension]] without significant drop of systemic [[blood pressure]].</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole has been shown to lower [[pulmonary hypertension]] without significant drop of systemic [[blood pressure]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It inhibits formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines ([[MCP-1]], [[MMP-9]]) in vitro and results in reduction of hsCRP{{clarify|What is this?|date=February 2020}} in patients.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It inhibits proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vivo and modestly increases unassisted patency of synthetic arteriovenous hemodialysis grafts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Dixon BS, Beck GJ, Vazquez MA, Greenberg A, Delmez JA, Allon M, Dember LM, Himmelfarb J, Gassman JJ, Greene T, Radeva MK, Davidson IJ, Ikizler TA, Braden GL, Fenves AZ, Kaufman JS, Cotton JR, Martin KJ, McNeil JW, Rahman A, Lawson JH, Whiting JF, Hu B, Meyers CM, Kusek JW, Feldman HI | display-authors = 6 | title = Effect of dipyridamole plus aspirin on hemodialysis graft patency | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 360 | issue = 21 | pages = 2191–2201 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19458364 | pmc = 3929400 | doi = 10.1056/nejmoa0805840 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It inhibits proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vivo and modestly increases unassisted patency of synthetic arteriovenous hemodialysis grafts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Dixon BS, Beck GJ, Vazquez MA, Greenberg A, Delmez JA, Allon M, Dember LM, Himmelfarb J, Gassman JJ, Greene T, Radeva MK, Davidson IJ, Ikizler TA, Braden GL, Fenves AZ, Kaufman JS, Cotton JR, Martin KJ, McNeil JW, Rahman A, Lawson JH, Whiting JF, Hu B, Meyers CM, Kusek JW, Feldman HI | display-authors = 6 | title = Effect of dipyridamole plus aspirin on hemodialysis graft patency | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 360 | issue = 21 | pages = 2191–2201 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19458364 | pmc = 3929400 | doi = 10.1056/nejmoa0805840 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It increases the release of [[tissue plasminogen activator]] from brain microvascular endothelial cells.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It results in an increase of [[13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid]] and decrease of [[12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid]] in the subendothelial matrix and reduced thrombogenicity of the subendothelial matrix.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Pretreatment it reduced reperfusion injury in volunteers.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It has been shown to increase myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It results in a reduction of the number of [[Thrombin receptor|thrombin]] and [[CD31|PECAM-1]] receptors on platelets in stroke patients.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] impairs platelet aggregation and also causes [[arteriole|arteriolar]] [[smooth muscle]] relaxation. Chronic therapy did not show significant drop of systemic blood pressure.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] impairs platelet aggregation and also causes [[arteriole|arteriolar]] [[smooth muscle]] relaxation. Chronic therapy did not show significant drop of systemic blood pressure.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It inhibits the replication of [[mengovirus]] RNA.&lt;ref&gt;Dipyridamole in the laboratory: {{cite journal | vauthors = Fata-Hartley CL, Palmenberg AC | title = Dipyridamole reversibly inhibits mengovirus RNA replication | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 79 | issue = 17 | pages = 11062–11070 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16103157 | pmc = 1193570 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.79.17.11062-11070.2005 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* It inhibits the replication of [[mengovirus]] RNA.&lt;ref&gt;Dipyridamole in the laboratory: {{cite journal | vauthors = Fata-Hartley CL, Palmenberg AC | title = Dipyridamole reversibly inhibits mengovirus RNA replication | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 79 | issue = 17 | pages = 11062–11070 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16103157 | pmc = 1193570 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.79.17.11062-11070.2005 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 76:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 70:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A triple therapy of [[aspirin]], [[clopidogrel]], and dipyridamole has been investigated, but this combination led to an increase in adverse bleeding events.&lt;ref name="pmid18682741"&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Sprigg N, Gray LJ, England T, Willmot MR, Zhao L, Sare GM, Bath PM | title = A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 8 | pages = e2852 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18682741 | pmc = 2481397 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0002852 | veditors = Berger JS | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.2852S }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A triple therapy of [[aspirin]], [[clopidogrel]], and dipyridamole has been investigated, but this combination led to an increase in adverse bleeding events.&lt;ref name="pmid18682741"&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Sprigg N, Gray LJ, England T, Willmot MR, Zhao L, Sare GM, Bath PM | title = A randomised controlled trial of triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole) in the secondary prevention of stroke: safety, tolerability and feasibility | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 8 | pages = e2852 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18682741 | pmc = 2481397 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0002852 | veditors = Berger JS | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.2852S }}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Vasodilation occurs in healthy arteries, whereas [[stenosis|stenosed]] arteries remain narrowed. This creates a "steal" phenomenon where the coronary blood supply will increase to the dilated healthy vessels compared to the stenosed arteries which can then be detected by clinical symptoms of chest pain, [[electrocardiogram]] and [[echocardiography]] when it causes ischemia.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Flow heterogeneity (a necessary precursor to ischemia) can be detected with [[gamma camera]]s and [[SPECT]] using nuclear imaging agents such as [[Thallium]]-201, [[Technetium-99m|Tc99m]]-[[Tetrofosmin]] and [[Technetium-99m|Tc99m]]-[[Sestamibi]]. However, relative differences in perfusion do not necessarily imply any absolute decrease in blood supply in the tissue supplied by a stenosed artery.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Other uses===</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dipyridamole also has non-medicinal uses in a laboratory context, such as the inhibition of [[cardiovirus]] growth in [[cell culture]]. {{CN|date=May 2019}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Drug interactions ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Drug interactions ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 95:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 83:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole inhibits the [[phosphodiesterase]] enzymes that normally break down [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cAMP]] (increasing cellular cAMP levels and blocking the [[platelet aggregation]], response&lt;ref name=Brown2015&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Brown DG, Wilkerson EC, Love WE | title = A review of traditional and novel oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 72 | issue = 3 | pages = 524–534 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25486915 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.027 }}&lt;/ref&gt; to [[Adenosine diphosphate|ADP]]) and/or [[cyclic guanosine monophosphate|cGMP]].</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole inhibits the [[phosphodiesterase]] enzymes that normally break down [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cAMP]] (increasing cellular cAMP levels and blocking the [[platelet aggregation]], response&lt;ref name=Brown2015&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Brown DG, Wilkerson EC, Love WE | title = A review of traditional and novel oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 72 | issue = 3 | pages = 524–534 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25486915 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.027 }}&lt;/ref&gt; to [[Adenosine diphosphate|ADP]]) and/or [[cyclic guanosine monophosphate|cGMP]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole inhibits the cellular reuptake of [[adenosine]] into [[platelets]], [[red blood cell]]s, and [[endothelial cell]]s, leading to increased extracellular concentrations of adenosine.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dipyridamole inhibits the cellular reuptake of [[adenosine]] into [[platelets]], [[red blood cell]]s, and [[endothelial cell]]s, leading to increased extracellular concentrations of adenosine.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Experimental studies==</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dipyridamole is currently undergoing repurposing for treatment of ocular surface disorders. These include [[Pterygium (conjunctiva)|pterygium]] and [[Dry eye syndrome|dry eye disease]]. The first report of topical dipyridamole's benefit in treating pterygium was published in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Carlock BH, Bienstock CA, Rogosnitzky M | title = Pterygium: nonsurgical treatment using topical dipyridamole - a case report | journal = Case Reports in Ophthalmology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 98–103 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24761148 | pmc = 3995373 | doi = 10.1159/000362113 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A subsequent report of outcomes in 25 patients using topical dipyridamole was presented in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite conference | vauthors = Rogosnitzky M, Bienstock CA, Issakov Y, Frenkel A | date = March 2016 | conference = ISVER (Israeli Society for Vision and Eye Research) affiliate of ARVO (Association of Research in Vision and Ophthalmology) | location = Kfar Maccabia, Israel |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298214428|title=Topical Dipyridamole for Treatment of Pterygium and Associated Dry Eye Symptoms: Analysis of User-Reported Outcomes| via = ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=19 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Treetear</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uracil&diff=1258599103&oldid=1239446935</id> <title>Uracil</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uracil&diff=1258599103&oldid=1239446935"/> <updated>2024-11-20T16:12:55Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:12, 20 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFile = Uracil.svg</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFile = Uracil.svg</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageSize = 120px</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageSize = 120px</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageClass = skin-invert-image</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageName = Structural formula of uracil</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageName = Structural formula of uracil</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFileL1 = Uracil-3D-balls.png</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFileL1 = Uracil-3D-balls.png</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Freaky.jpeg</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adenine&diff=1258582164&oldid=1239446076</id> <title>Adenine</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adenine&diff=1258582164&oldid=1239446076"/> <updated>2024-11-20T14:15:01Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:15, 20 November 2024</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFile1 = Adenine.svg</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFile1 = Adenine.svg</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageSize1 = 120px</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageSize1 = 120px</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageClass1 = skin-invert-image</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFileL2 = Adenine-3D-balls.png</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFileL2 = Adenine-3D-balls.png</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFileR2 = Adenine-3D-vdW.png</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ImageFileR2 = Adenine-3D-vdW.png</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 109:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 110:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class="wikitable left" style="text-align:center"</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class="wikitable left" style="text-align:center"</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair AT.svg|200px]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair AT.svg|200px<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair AU.svg|200px]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair AU.svg|200px<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair AD.svg|200px]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair AD.svg|200px<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair APsi.svg|200px]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Base pair APsi.svg|200px<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| A-T-Base-pair (DNA)</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| A-T-Base-pair (DNA)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 124:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 125:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:{| class="wikitable left" style="text-align:center"</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:{| class="wikitable left" style="text-align:center"</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Adenosin.svg|170px]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Adenosin.svg|170px<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Desoxyadenosin.svg|170px]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Desoxyadenosin.svg|170px<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|class=skin-invert-image</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| Adenosine, A</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| Adenosine, A</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Freaky.jpeg</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guanine&diff=1258568986&oldid=1253775026</id> <title>Guanine</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guanine&diff=1258568986&oldid=1253775026"/> <updated>2024-11-20T12:20:02Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">Properties: </span> web, not journal in cite</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:20, 20 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 87:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 87:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Guanine can be [[hydrolyzed]] with strong acid to [[glycine]], [[ammonia]], [[carbon dioxide]], and [[carbon monoxide]]. First, guanine gets [[Deamination|deaminated]] to become [[xanthine]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">journal</del> |last=Angstadt | title=Purines and pyrimidines |<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>url=http://library.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/pupyr/pp.htm |access-date=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2008</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">03</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">27</del>}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guanine oxidizes more readily than adenine, the other purine-derivative base in DNA. Its high melting point of 350&amp;nbsp;°C reflects the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the oxo and amino groups in the molecules in the crystal. Because of this intermolecular bonding, guanine is relatively insoluble in water, but it is soluble in dilute acids and bases.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Guanine can be [[hydrolyzed]] with strong acid to [[glycine]], [[ammonia]], [[carbon dioxide]], and [[carbon monoxide]]. First, guanine gets [[Deamination|deaminated]] to become [[xanthine]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">web</ins> |last=Angstadt |<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first=Carol</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">N |</ins>title=Purines and pyrimidines |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/pupyr/pp.htm<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> |date=1997</ins> |access-date=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2024</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">11</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">20 |website=utah.edu</ins>}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guanine oxidizes more readily than adenine, the other purine-derivative base in DNA. Its high melting point of 350&amp;nbsp;°C reflects the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the oxo and amino groups in the molecules in the crystal. Because of this intermolecular bonding, guanine is relatively insoluble in water, but it is soluble in dilute acids and bases.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Michael D. Turnbull</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258566852&oldid=1256887613</id> <title>Methotrexate</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methotrexate&diff=1258566852&oldid=1256887613"/> <updated>2024-11-20T11:59:34Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>expanded</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:59, 20 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 134:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 134:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Proton-pump inhibitors]] such as [[omeprazole]] and the [[anticonvulsant]] [[valproate]] have been found to increase the plasma concentrations of methotrexate, as have nephrotoxic agents such as [[cisplatin]], the GI drug [[colestyramine]], and [[dantrolene]].&lt;ref name = MD/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Proton-pump inhibitors]] such as [[omeprazole]] and the [[anticonvulsant]] [[valproate]] have been found to increase the plasma concentrations of methotrexate, as have nephrotoxic agents such as [[cisplatin]], the GI drug [[colestyramine]], and [[dantrolene]].&lt;ref name = MD/&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Vaccine interactions ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taking methotrexate can reduce the effectiveness of vaccinations against various diseases, such as [[influenza]] and [[hepatitis A]]. It does this by blunting the [[immune response]] of the body to the vaccine.&lt;ref name=":2"&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wroński |first=Jakub |last2=Ciechomska |first2=Marzena |last3=Kuca-Warnawin |first3=Ewa |date=3 August 2023 |title=Impact of methotrexate treatment on vaccines immunogenicity in adult rheumatological patients – Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0753332223010454 |journal=Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy |language=en |volume=165 |pages=115254 |doi=10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115254}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bass |first=Anne R. |last2=Chakravarty |first2=Eliza |last3=Akl |first3=Elie A. |last4=Bingham |first4=Clifton O. |last5=Calabrese |first5=Leonard |last6=Cappelli |first6=Laura C. |last7=Johnson |first7=Sindhu R. |last8=Imundo |first8=Lisa F. |last9=Winthrop |first9=Kevin L. |last10=Arasaratnam |first10=Reuben J. |last11=Baden |first11=Lindsey R. |last12=Berard |first12=Roberta |last13=Bridges |first13=S. Louis |last14=Cheah |first14=Jonathan T. L. |last15=Curtis |first15=Jeffrey R. |date=4 January 2023 |title=2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases |url=https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.25045 |journal=Arthritis Care &amp; Research |language=en |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=449–464 |doi=10.1002/acr.25045 |issn=2151-464X |pmc=PMC10291822 |pmid=36597813}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Methotrexate also dampens the immune response to [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccines]], making them less effective.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Al-Haideri |first=Maysoon T. |last2=Mannani |first2=Reza |last3=Kaboli |first3=Roghayyeh |last4=Gharebakhshi |first4=Farshad |last5=Darvishzadehdeldari |first5=Shahram |last6=Tahmasebi |first6=Safa |last7=Faramarzi |first7=Fatemeh |last8=Cotrina-Aliaga |first8=Juan Carlos |last9=Khorasani |first9=Sahar |last10=Alimohammadi |first10=Mina |last11=Darvishi |first11=Mohammad |last12=Akhavan-Sigari |first12=Reza |date=6 June 2023 |title=The effects of methotrexate on the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in the patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966327423000758 |journal=Transplant Immunology |language=en |volume=79 |pages=101858 |doi=10.1016/j.trim.2023.101858 |pmc=PMC10205646 |pmid=37236514}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 January 2023 |title=A pause in methotrexate treatment boosted the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/a-short-pause-methotrexate-treatment-boosted-immune-response-covid-19-vaccine/ |journal=NIHR Evidence |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Research |doi=10.3310/nihrevidence_56391}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pausing methotrexate for two weeks following COVID-19 vaccination may result in improved immunity. Not taking the medicine for two weeks might result in a minor increase of inflammatory disease flares in some people.&lt;ref name=":2" /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Imran |first=Muhammad |last2=Ali |first2=Shujaat |last3=Ibrahim |first3=Ahmed A. |last4=Amjad |first4=Areeb |last5=Tanveer |first5=Aiman |last6=Khalil |first6=Saba |last7=Ali |first7=Mansab |last8=Abuelazm |first8=Mohamed |date=27 May 2024 |title=Effect of methotrexate hold on COVID-19 vaccine response in the patients with autoimmune inflammatory disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10067-024-07013-3 |journal=Clinical Rheumatology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=2203–2214 |doi=10.1007/s10067-024-07013-3 |issn=0770-3198}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abhishek |first=Abhishek |last2=Peckham |first2=Nicholas |last3=Pade |first3=Corinna |last4=Gibbons |first4=Joseph M |last5=Cureton |first5=Lucy |last6=Francis |first6=Anne |last7=Barber |first7=Vicki |last8=Williams |first8=Jennifer A E |last9=Appelbe |first9=Duncan |last10=Eldridge |first10=Lucy |last11=Julier |first11=Patrick |last12=Altmann |first12=Daniel M |last13=Bluett |first13=James |last14=Brooks |first14=Tim |last15=Coates |first15=Laura C |date=2023-12-12 |title=Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2665991323002989 |journal=The Lancet Rheumatology |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=e92–e104 |doi=10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00298-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Mechanism of action==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Mechanism of action==</div></td> </tr>  </table></summary> <author><name>Adam Harangozó (NIHR WiR)</name></author> </entry> </feed>

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