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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Short description|Most senior military officer of a country}} {{more citations needed|date=January 2023}} In many nations, the '''highest military ranks''' are classed as being equivalent to, or are officially described as, [[five-star rank]]s. However, a number of nations have used or proposed ranks such as ''[[generalissimo]]'', which are senior to their five-star equivalent ranks. == Forms == ===''Generalissimo'' and ''Generalissimus''=== [[File:Rank insignia of генералиссимус Советского Союза.svg|thumb|right|120px|''Generalissimus'' of the Soviet Union]] {{Main|Generalissimo}} Adopted from Italian (''generalissimo'') and Latin (''generalissimus''), the rank titles literally mean "the utmost general". A number of countries, including the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], [[France]], [[Russia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Brazil]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[Cuba]], [[Mexico]], [[Sweden]], [[Kingdom of Hawai'i]] and the [[USSR]], have used these ranks.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} In most of these countries, the rank has only been held by one or two men.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} ===Grand marshal=== {{Main|Grand marshal}} The militaries of the [[Empire of Japan]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] and [[North Korea]] use the rank of grand marshal ({{CJKV|t=大元帥|j=大元帥|k=대원수|tp=da yuan shuai|r=dai-gensui|rr=taewonsu}}). ===Six-star ranks=== {{Main|Six-star rank}} The United States Armed Forces have proposed and used two six-star ranks: [[General of the Armies]] and [[Admiral of the Navy]]. These are ranked directly above their five-star counterparts, [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] and [[Fleet Admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]]. ==By nation== ===China (PRC and ROC)=== [[File:General Special Class rank insignia (ROC).jpg|thumb|120px|''General Special Class'']] [[File:Generalissimo of the PRC rank insignia.svg|thumb|120px|''Da yuan shuai'']] {{main|Da yuan shuai}} During the early years of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], three individuals assumed the rank of "grand marshal of the army and navy" (陸海軍大元帥): [[Yuan Shikai]] in 1913, [[Sun Yat-sen]] in 1917 and [[Zhang Zuolin]] in 1927. The rank of "general special class" or "generalissimo" (特級上將) was awarded to [[Chiang Kai-shek]] in 1935. No one in the [[People's Republic of China]] has ever been awarded the rank, though the supreme rank of "grand marshal of the People's Republic of China" (中華人民共和國大元帥 ''zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó dà yuánshuài'') was proposed for [[Mao Zedong]] after the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, but was never conferred. {{clear}} ===France=== [[Image:Army-FRA-OF-10.svg|thumb|right|80px|Marshal of France]] ====''Maréchal général''==== {{main|Marshal General of France}} The title ''Maréchal général des camps et armées du roi'' ("Marshal General of the King's camps and armies") was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all the French armies in the days when a marshal usually governed only one army. This dignity was bestowed only on Marshals of France, usually when the dignity of [[Constable of France]] was unavailable or, after 1626, suppressed. ====''Maréchal de France''==== {{main|List of Marshals of France}} Marshal of France (French: ''Maréchal de France'', plural ''Maréchaux de France'') is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank but is granted to generals for exceptional achievements. It was one of the great officers of the Crown of France during the ''Ancien Régime'' and [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] and one of the great dignitaries of the Empire during the [[First French Empire]] (when the title was not "marshal of France" but was "marshal of the Empire"). ====''Maréchal d'Empire''==== {{main|Marshal of the Empire}} "Marshal of the Empire" (French: ''Maréchal d'Empire'') was a civil dignity during the [[First French Empire]]. It was created by [[Sénatus-consulte]] on 18 May 1804 and to a large extent resurrected the formerly abolished title of marshal of France. According to the Sénatus-consulte, a marshal was a grand officer of the Empire, entitled to a high-standing position at the court and to the presidency of an electoral college. ===Italy=== [[File:Rank insignia of primo maresciallo dell'impero of the Italian Army (1940).png|thumb|50px|Italian "First marshal of the empire"]] {{Main|First marshal of the empire}} The Italian rank of "first marshal of the Empire" was granted in 1938 to [[Benito Mussolini]] and King [[Victor Emmanuel III]], who remain the only holders, as the rank (and the [[Italian Empire]]) was abolished after [[World War II]].<ref>Montanelli, Cervi Storia d'Italia 1935/1943<!-- A bit vague! Can we not come up with something more specific that readers might be able to find and read? --></ref> {{clear}} ===Japan=== [[File:Generalissimo rank insignia (Japan).png|thumb|120px|''Dai-gensui'']] {{main|dai-gensui}} The Japanese rank of ''dai-gensui'' ("grand marshal") was held by the [[Emperor of Japan]] in his capacity as commander-in-chief of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] (from 1889 to 1945), and was abolished in 1947. It was held by three people: [[Emperor Meiji]], [[Emperor Taishō]], and [[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa]].<ref>[[Donald Keene]], ''Emperor of Japan, Meiji and his World 1852–1912''<!-- Rather vague! Can't we come up with something more specific please? --></ref> ===Nazi Germany=== [[File:Goering uniform.jpg|thumb|left|125px|Göring's uniform]] [[File:Luftwaffe epaulette Reichsmarschall.svg|thumb|right|125px|Reichsmarschall ([[Hermann Göring]]) ]] {{Main|Reichsmarschall}} In 1940 Nazi Germany, [[Hermann Göring]] was promoted by [[Adolf Hitler]] to ''Reichsmarschall'', the highest rank in the armed forces of Nazi Germany during World War II (after the position of supreme commander, which was held by Hitler himself). Göring was the only person to hold this rank in modern times.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} The rank of ''Reichsmarschall'' was originally created before the 12th century, during the time of the Holy Roman Empire. Historically, holding the rank of ''Reichsmarschall'' was neither unique nor as prestigious{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} as it was during World War II. During the time of the German Empire and World War I, no one in the German armed forces held this rank.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} ===North Korea=== ====''Taewonsu''==== {{Main|taewonsu}} The highest rank in North Korea is ''taewonsu'' and is intended to be an honorific title for the nation's leaders. Its insignia is based on the North Korean ''wonsu'' insignia, but with an added crest. The rank was created in 1992 when it was awarded to [[Kim Il Sung]], who was the only holder until 2012, when his successor [[Kim Jong Il]] was awarded the title posthumously.<ref>[http://www.korea-dpr.com/dprk-60th-foundation/materials/imgkorea.jpg Image of Kim Jong Il Wonsu and Kim Il Sung Dae Wonsu shoulder/collar insignia and crests.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605055510/http://www.korea-dpr.com/dprk-60th-foundation/materials/imgkorea.jpg |date=2011-06-05 }} www.korea-dpr.com</ref> It is a seven-star equivalent rank. ====''Wonsu''==== {{Main|wonsu}} The rank of ''[[wonsu]]'' is the highest military rank except ''taewonsu''. Its insignia is a large single star, based on the insignia of [[marshal of the Soviet Union]] which is itself based on the [[marshal's star]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} North Koreans awarded the rank of ''wonsu'' have included: [[Kim Jong Il]] (1992), [[O Jin U]] (1992), [[Choe Kwang]] (1995) and [[Ri Ul-sol]] (1995). Rank of marshal with the title "marshal of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" (''konghwaguk wonsu'') is superior to "marshal of the Korean People's Army" (''wonsu'').{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} ====''Chasu''==== North Korea also maintains a rank of ''[[chasu]]'', senior to the four-star rank of ''[[daejang]]'', but junior to ''wonsu''. <gallery> File:Generalissimo rank insignia (North Korea).svg |''Taewonsu'' File:Marshal of the DPRK rank insignia.svg |''Konghwaguk wonsu'' File:Marshal of the KPA rank insignia.svg |''Wonsu'' File:Vice-Marshal rank insignia (North Korea).svg |''Chasu'' </gallery> ===Paraguay=== The Spanish rank ''mariscal presidente de los ejércitos'' (English: "marshal president of the armies") was a rank given by the [[Paraguayan]] Congress to [[Francisco Solano López]] at the beginning of the [[Paraguayan War]]. It is equivalent to the rank of [[grand marshal]].{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} López remains the only Paraguayan that was ranked as a marshal during his lifetime and also the only one with the title ''mariscal presidente de los ejércitos''. [[José Félix Estigarribia]] posthumously received the rank of [[field marshal]].<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/e/estigarribia.htm José Félix Estigarribia at ''Biografías y Vidas'' website, retrieved April 2015]</ref> ===Russian Federation=== {{Main|Marshal of the Russian Federation}} ''Marshal of the Russian Federation'' ({{lang-rus|Маршал Российской Федерации|r=Marshal Rossiyskoy Federatsii}}) is the highest [[Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation|military rank]] of [[Russia]], created in 1993 following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union|dissolution]] of the [[Soviet Union]]. ===South Korea=== In South Korea ''[[wonsu]]'' is considered a five-star rank, and uses an insignia based on the five-star insignia of the U.S. [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]].<ref>{{citation |last=Sohn |first=Ho-min |year=2006 |title=Korean language in culture and society |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-2694-9 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=H4CsWDEi52IC&pg=PA38 |page= 38}}</ref> ===Soviet Union=== {{main|Generalissimus of the Soviet Union}} The rank of "generalissimus of the Soviet Union" was created on 27 June 1945, and granted to [[Joseph Stalin]], who never actually wore the insignia; instead, his tunic with Marshal had a special design different from the regular military uniform of a Marshal. He was the only person ever to hold the rank.<ref name = "Shtemenko">S. M. Stemenko. ''Bộ Tổng tham mưu Xô viết trong chiến tranh''. NXB Tiến bộ. Maskva. 1985. Bản tiếng Việt (tập II) . trang 587-588. {{in lang|vi}}<!-- Interesting! A Vietnamese source quoted for a USSR rank. --></ref><ref>Service, Robert (2005). ''Stalin: A Biography''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 548. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01697-2}}.</ref> ===United States=== [[File:US Admiral of Navy insignia.svg|thumb|100px|Dewey's admiral of the Navy insignia]] ====Admiral of the Navy==== {{Main|Admiral of the Navy|six-star rank}} [[George Dewey]] was promoted to the U.S. rank of admiral of the Navy on March 24, 1903, with effect from March 2, 1899. In 1944 the [[United States Department of the Navy|Navy Department]] declared Dewey's rank to be senior to the then newly created [[five-star rank]] of [[Fleet admiral (United States)|fleet admiral]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} During the preparations for the [[Operation Downfall|invasion of Japan]], a proposal was raised by the Navy Department to appoint [[Chester Nimitz]] to the rank of admiral of the Navy, or grant him some equivalent rank.<ref>United States Naval Service Record of Chester Nimitz, [[Military Personnel Records Center]], St. Louis, Missouri</ref> The proposal, however, was dropped after the Japanese surrender. ====General of the Armies of the United States==== {{Main|General of the Armies|six-star rank}} [[John Pershing]] was promoted to "General of the Armies" in 1919, from what was then the highest rank, the [[four-star rank]] of [[General (United States)|general]]. Under the regulations of the time, he was permitted to choose his insignia, and he chose four gold stars, in contrast to the four silver stars used by U.S. general and admiral rank insignia. In 1976, as part of the [[American Bicentennial]] celebrations, a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress stated that "it is considered fitting and proper that no officer of the United States Army should outrank Lieutenant General George Washington". Hence, it was resolved that "the grade of [[General of the Armies of the United States]] ''(be)'' established" and [[George Washington]] be posthumously appointed to this grade.<ref>[[wikisource:Public Law 94-479]]</ref> President [[Ulysses S. Grant]], who served as a general in the [[American Civil War]] prior to his presidency, was also posthumously promoted to this rank on 23 December 2022, the bicentenary of his birth. ==See also== * ''[[Magister militum]]'' * ''[[Spahbod]]'' * [[Constable of France]] * [[Grand Domestic]] * ''[[Shōgun]]'' * [[Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force]] * [[Supreme Allied Commander]] * ''[[Dux bellorum]]'' * [[Grand marshal]] * [[Six-star rank]] * ''[[Hetman]]'' * ''[[Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces|Chom Thap Thai]]'' * [[Generalissimo]] * [[Marshal General of France]] * [[First marshal of the empire]] * ''[[Admiralissimo]]'' == References == {{Reflist}} {{Highest Military Ranks}} {{Star officer ranks}} [[Category:Military ranks]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" 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