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skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Abchasia rootpage-Abchasia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prif ddewislen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Abchasia" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Abchasia" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Abchasia" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Abchasia" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cyfraniadau</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sefyllfa_wleidyddol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sefyllfa_wleidyddol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sefyllfa wleidyddol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sefyllfa_wleidyddol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daearyddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daearyddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Daearyddiaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daearyddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Is-adran_weinyddol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Is-adran_weinyddol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Is-adran weinyddol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Is-adran_weinyddol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demograffeg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demograffeg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demograffeg</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demograffeg-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Demograffeg</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demograffeg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Datblygiad_poblogaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datblygiad_poblogaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Datblygiad poblogaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datblygiad_poblogaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfansoddiad_ethnig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfansoddiad_ethnig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cyfansoddiad ethnig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfansoddiad_ethnig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crefydd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crefydd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Crefydd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crefydd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hanes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Hanes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hanes_cynnar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanes_cynnar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hanes cynnar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanes_cynnar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goresgyniad_gan_Ymerodraeth_Rwsia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goresgyniad_gan_Ymerodraeth_Rwsia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Goresgyniad gan Ymerodraeth Rwsia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goresgyniad_gan_Ymerodraeth_Rwsia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abchasia_yn_ystod_y_chwyldro_a'r_cyfnod_Sofietaidd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abchasia_yn_ystod_y_chwyldro_a'r_cyfnod_Sofietaidd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Abchasia yn ystod y chwyldro a'r cyfnod Sofietaidd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abchasia_yn_ystod_y_chwyldro_a'r_cyfnod_Sofietaidd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Y_ffordd_i_annibyniaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Y_ffordd_i_annibyniaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Y ffordd i annibyniaeth</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Y_ffordd_i_annibyniaeth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Y ffordd i annibyniaeth</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Y_ffordd_i_annibyniaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diwedd_y_1980au" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diwedd_y_1980au"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Diwedd y 1980au</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diwedd_y_1980au-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhyfel_2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhyfel_2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Rhyfel 2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhyfel_2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Oriel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Dolenni allanol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abchasia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 172 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-172" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">172 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D4%A5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D2%B3%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BD%D2%AD%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аԥсны Аҳәынҭқарра - Abchaseg" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аԥсны Аҳәынҭқарра" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Адзыгъэй - Circaseg Gorllewinol" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Адзыгъэй" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Circaseg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abchasië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9D%E1%8B%AB" title="አብካዝያ - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አብካዝያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाजिया - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अबखाजिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="حكومة جمهورية أبخازيا - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة جمهورية أبخازيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Afareg" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Afareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaziya" title="Abxaziya - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abxaziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آبخازیا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آبخازیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasien" title="Abchasien - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Abchasien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkaz%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Abkazėjė - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Abkazėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Рэспубліка Абхазія - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэспубліка Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Абхазія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhasi" title="Abhasi - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Abhasi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="আবখাজিয়া - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবখাজিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc%27hazia" title="Abc'hazia - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abc'hazia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkh%C3%A0zia" title="Abkhàzia - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abkhàzia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjasia" title="Abjasia - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Abjasia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئەبخازیا - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەبخازیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaziya_Cumhuriyeti" title="Abhaziya Cumhuriyeti - Tyrceg y Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Abhaziya Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg y Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abch%C3%A1zie" title="Abcházie - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abcházie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Абхаꙁїꙗ - Hen Slafoneg" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Абхаꙁїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Hen Slafoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasien" title="Abkhasien - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abkhasien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasien" title="Abchasien - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abchasien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazya" title="Abxazya - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Abxazya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αμπχαζία - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπχαζία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%A5azio" title="Abĥazio - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abĥazio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjasia" title="Abjasia - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abjasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaasia" title="Abhaasia - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abhaasia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آبخاز - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبخاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhasia" title="Abhasia - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abhasia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkasia" title="Abkasia - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Abkasia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%27Abkhazie" title="République d'Abkhazie - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République d'Abkhazie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcazia" title="Abcazia - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Abcazia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaasien" title="Abchaasien - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Abchaasien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Abc%C3%A1is" title="An Abcáis - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Abcáis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaziya" title="Abhaziya - Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Abhaziya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Abchas" title="An Abchas - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Abchas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avek%C3%A1sia" title="Avekásia - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Avekásia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="અબ્ખાજિયા - Gwjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અબ્ખાજિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gwjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Abcaaish" title="Yn Abcaaish - Manaweg" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Abcaaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="אבחזיה - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבחזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबख़ाज़िया - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अबख़ाज़िया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaziska" title="Abchaziska - Sorbeg Uchaf" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Abchaziska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Uchaf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abh%C3%A1zia" title="Abházia - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abházia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աբխազիայի Հանրապետություն - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբխազիայի Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Abkhazia" title="Republik Abkhazia - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apikasiaq" title="Apikasiaq - Inwpiaceg" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Apikasiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inwpiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abhazia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkas%C3%ADa" title="Abkasía - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Abkasía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcasia" title="Abcasia - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abcasia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%91%89%E1%91%B2%E1%93%AF%E1%90%8A" title="ᐊᑉᑲᓯᐊ - Inwctitwt" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᑉᑲᓯᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inwctitwt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2" title="アブハジア - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブハジア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="აფხაზეთის რესპუბლიკა - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფხაზეთის რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaziya" title="Abxaziya - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Abxaziya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazya" title="Abxazya - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Abxazya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Азгъей - Cabardieg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Азгъей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabardieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Абхазия Республикасы - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абхазия Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%95%ED%95%98%EC%A7%80%EC%95%BC" title="압하지야 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="압하지야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Хачыпсы - Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Хачыпсы" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebxazya" title="Ebxazya - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ebxazya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Comi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Comi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazi" title="Abhazi - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Abhazi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abascia" title="Abascia - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abascia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia - Iddew-Sbaeneg" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Abhazia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Abchazië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcasia" title="Abcasia - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Abcasia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcasia" title="Abcasia - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Abcasia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazija" title="Abchazija - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abchazija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abh%C4%81zija" title="Abhāzija - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abhāzija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाजिया - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अबखाजिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkazia" title="Abkazia - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abkazia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Абхазий - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Абхазий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Абхазија - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абхазија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="അബ്ഖാസിയ - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബ്ഖാസിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Абхаз - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Абхаз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाझिया - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अबखाझिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази - Mari Gorllewinol" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Mari Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abka%C5%BCja" title="Abkażja - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Abkażja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Абхазия Мастор - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Абхазия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آبخازیا - Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آبخازیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazie" title="Abchazie - Sacsoneg Isel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Abchazie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsoneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाजिया - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अबखाजिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abchazië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkasia" title="Abkasia - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Abkasia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcazia" title="Abcazia - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abcazia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଆବାଖାଜିଆ - Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆବାଖାଜିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Абхаз - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Абхаз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਅਬਖ਼ਾਜ਼ੀਆ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਬਖ਼ਾਜ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhasya" title="Abhasya - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Abhasya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अब्खाजिया - Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अब्खाजिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repablik_o%27_Abkasiya" title="Repablik o' Abkasiya - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Repablik o' Abkasiya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazja" title="Abchazja - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abchazja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ابخازیا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابخازیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abec%C3%A1sia" title="Abecásia - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abecásia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abhazia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Республика Абхазия - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Републіка Абхазія - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Републіка Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abukaziya" title="Abukaziya - Ciniarŵandeg" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Abukaziya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Ciniarŵandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc%C3%A0sia" title="Abcàsia - Sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Abcàsia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkh%C3%A0zzia" title="Abkhàzzia - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Abkhàzzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazie" title="Abkhazie - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Abkhazie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazya" title="Abxazya - Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Abxazya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%82%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="ဢႅပ်ႉၶေးၸီးယႃး - Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢႅပ်ႉၶေးၸီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abch%C3%A1zsko" title="Abcházsko - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abcházsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkazia" title="Abkazia - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Abkazia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Абхазија - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абхазија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazien" title="Abchazien - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abchazien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazyj%C5%8F" title="Abchazyjŏ - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Abchazyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="அப்காசியா - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அப்காசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="అబ్‌ఖజియా - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అబ్‌ఖజియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷумҳурии Абхозистон - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Абхозистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อับคาเซีย - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อับคาเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazi%C3%BDa" title="Abhaziýa - Tyrcmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Abhaziýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tyrcmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazij%C9%99" title="Abxazijə - Talysheg" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Abxazijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazya" title="Abhazya - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abhazya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Республика Абхазия - Fotiaceg" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Республика Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Fotiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Республіка Абхазія - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Республіка Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaziya" title="Abxaziya - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abxaziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc%C3%A0zia" title="Abcàzia - Feniseg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Abcàzia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Feniseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazii" title="Abhazii - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Abhazii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Abkhazia" title="Chính phủ Cộng hòa Abkhazia - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính phủ Cộng hòa Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labkas%C3%A4n" title="Labkasän - Folapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Labkasän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Folapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9" title="阿布哈兹 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿布哈兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="აფხაზეთი - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აფხაზეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië - Zêlandeg" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Abchazië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zêlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%85%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⴱⵅⴰⵣⵢⴰ - Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴱⵅⴰⵣⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿布哈茲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿布哈茲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31354462#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Abchasia" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Abchasia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Abchasia"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Blwch offer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Abchasia"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Abchasia" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Abchasia" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&oldid=13134344" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Abchasia&id=13134344&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAbchasia"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAbchasia"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Abchasia"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Abchasia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D4%A5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31354462" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eitem Wicidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Ailgyfeiriad o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkhazia&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Gweriniaeth Abchasia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/420px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/560px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arwyddair</th><td>Аиааира <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P1451" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>gwladwriaeth a gydnabyddir gan rai gwledydd <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="center"></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Prifddinas</th><td><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P36" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Poblogaeth</th><td>245,246 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P1082" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sefydlwyd</th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style="">26 Tachwedd 1994 (datganiad o annibynniaeth)</li><li style="">1991 (<a href="/wiki/Sofraniaeth" title="Sofraniaeth">Sofraniaeth</a>) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P571" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Anthem</th><td>Aiaaira <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P85" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth llywodraeth</th><td>Alexander Ankvab <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P6" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cylchfa amser</th><td>UTC+03:00 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Iaith/Ieithoedd<br />  swyddogol</th><td><a href="/wiki/Abchaseg" title="Abchaseg">Abchaseg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwseg" title="Rwseg">Rwseg</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P37" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf;">Daearyddiaeth</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gwlad</th><td><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abchasia</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P17" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arwynebedd</th><td>8,665 km² <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P2046" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gerllaw</th><td><a href="/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Du" title="Y Môr Du">Y Môr Du</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P206" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yn ffinio gyda</th><td><a href="/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia">Rwsia</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P47" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cyfesurynnau</th><td>43.15°N 41°E <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P625" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf;">Gwleidyddiaeth</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Corff gweithredol</th><td>Government of the Republic of Abkhazia <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P208" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Corff deddfwriaethol</th><td>People's Assembly of Abkhazia <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P194" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Swydd pennaeth<br />  y wladwriaeth</th><td>Arlywydd Abchasia <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P1906" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth y wladwriaeth</th><td>Aslan Bzhania <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P35" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Swydd pennaeth<br />  y Llywodraeth</th><td>Prime Minister of Abkhazia <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P1313" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pennaeth y Llywodraeth</th><td>Alexander Ankvab <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P6" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="8" data-lat="43.15" data-lon="41" data-overlays="["_3fd010d0640de9cf27c47ff47f75a79c76362f2f"]" href="/wiki/Arbennig:Map/8/43.15/41/cy"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,43.15,41,280x250.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Abchasia&revid=13134344&groups=_3fd010d0640de9cf27c47ff47f75a79c76362f2f" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,43.15,41,280x250@2x.png?lang=cy&domain=cy.wikipedia.org&title=Abchasia&revid=13134344&groups=_3fd010d0640de9cf27c47ff47f75a79c76362f2f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Arian</th><td><a href="/wiki/R%C5%B5bl_Rwsiaidd" title="Rŵbl Rwsiaidd">Rŵbl Rwsiaidd</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462?uselang=cy#P38" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abkhazia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Abkhazia">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Comin</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31354462" class="extiw" title="d:Q31354462">golygwch ar Wicidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mae <b>Abchasia</b> neu <b>Abcasia</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ynganer yr 'ch' fel yr ech Gymraeg: <a href="/wiki/Abchaseg" title="Abchaseg">Abchaseg</a>: Аԥсны, Apsny, <a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA">IPA</a>: [apʰsˈnɨ]; <a href="/wiki/Georgeg" title="Georgeg">Georgeg</a>: აფხაზეთი, apkhazeti, <a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA">IPA</a>: [ɑpʰxɑzɛtʰi]; <a href="/wiki/Rwsieg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rwsieg">Rwsieg</a>: Абха́зия, tr. Abkhaziya, <a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA">IPA</a>: [ɐˈpxazʲɪjə]; <a href="/wiki/Saesneg" title="Saesneg">Saesneg</a>: <b>Abkhazia</b>) yn wladwriaeth sofran hunan-ddatganedig sy'n cael ei chydnabod gan y mwyafrif o wledydd fel un o weriniaethau ymreolaethol <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Faultlines_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faultlines-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clogg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clogg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Karagiannis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karagiannis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae wedi ei lleoli yn Ne'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cawcasws_(rhanbarth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cawcasws (rhanbarth) (dim tudalen ar gael)">Cawcasws</a> ar arfordir dwyreiniol y <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr Du">Môr Du</a>, i'r de o fynyddoedd y Cawcasws Fwyaf yng ngogledd-orllewin <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>. Mae'n cynnwys 8,660 cilomedr sgwâr (3,340 metr sgwâr) ac mae ganddi boblogaeth o oddeutu . Prifddinas y wlad yw <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukhum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukhum (dim tudalen ar gael)">Sukhum</a> (Rwsieg), neu Aqua mewn Abchaseg a Suchumi mewn Geogrieg. </p><p>Mae statws Abchasia yn fater canolog yn y gwrthdaro rhwng Georgia ac Abchasia, a'r berthynas rhwng Georgia a Rwsia. Mae'r Abchasia fel endid yn cael ei gydnabod fel gwladwriaeth annibynnol gan <a href="/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia">Rwsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, ynys <a href="/wiki/Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> a <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Er nad oes gan Georgia reolaeth dros Abchasia, mae llywodraeth Georgia a'r rhan fwyaf o aelod-wladwriaethau'r <a href="/wiki/Cenhedloedd_Unedig" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenhedloedd Unedig">Cenhedloedd Unedig</a> yn ystyried bod Abchasia yn rhan gyfreithiol o Georgia, gyda Georgia yn cynnal llywodraeth alltud swyddogol. </p><p>Roedd gan y rhanbarth ymreolaeth yn Georgia Sofietaidd ar yr adeg pan ddechreuodd yr Undeb Sofietaidd chwalu ar ddiwedd yr 1980au. Daeth y tensiynau ethnig mudferwi rhwng yr Abkhaz - ethnigrwydd <a href="/wiki/Cenedl_titiwlar" title="Cenedl titiwlar">cenedl titiwlar</a> y rhanbarth - a Georgiaid - y <a href="/wiki/Gr%C5%B5p_ethnig" title="Grŵp ethnig">grŵp ethnig</a> sengl mwyaf ar y pryd - i ben yn Rhyfel 1992-1993 yn Abchasia, a arweiniodd at golli rheolaeth Georgia dros y rhan fwyaf o Abchasia a glanhau ethnig o Georgiaid o Abchasia. </p><p>Er gwaethaf cytundeb cadoediad 1994 a blynyddoedd o drafodaethau, mae'r anghydfod yn parhau i fod heb ei ddatrys. Methodd presenoldeb tymor hir Cenhadaeth Sylwedydd y Cenhedloedd Unedig a llu cadw heddwch <a href="/wiki/Cymanwlad_y_Gwladwriaethau_Annibynnol" title="Cymanwlad y Gwladwriaethau Annibynnol">Cymanwlad y Gwladwriaethau Annibynnol</a> (CIS) dan arweiniad Rwsieg i atal y trais rhag cynyddu ar sawl achlysur. Ym mis Awst 2008, ymladdodd lluoedd Abkhaz a Rwseg ryfel yn erbyn lluoedd Georgaidd, a arweiniodd at Rwsia yn cydnabod Abchasia yn ffurfiol, dirymu cytundeb cadoediad 1994 a therfynu cenhadaeth y Cenhedloedd Unedig. Ar 28 Awst 2008, cyhoeddodd Senedd Georgia Abchasia yn diriogaeth a feddiannwyd gan Rwsia, gyda’r rhan fwyaf o aelod-wladwriaethau’r <a href="/wiki/Cenhedloedd_Unedig" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenhedloedd Unedig">Cenhedloedd Unedig</a> yn cytuno.<sup id="cite_ref-golos-ameriki_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-golos-ameriki-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sefyllfa_wleidyddol">Sefyllfa wleidyddol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Sefyllfa wleidyddol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Sefyllfa wleidyddol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Georgia_high_detail_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Georgia_high_detail_map.png/220px-Georgia_high_detail_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Georgia_high_detail_map.png/330px-Georgia_high_detail_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Georgia_high_detail_map.png/440px-Georgia_high_detail_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Map o <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> gan ddangos <a href="/wiki/De_Osetia" title="De Osetia">De Osetia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjaria (dim tudalen ar gael)">Adjaria</a> ac Abchasia fel rhan o Jeorjia unedig</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Abkhazia_detail_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Abkhazia_detail_map.png/220px-Abkhazia_detail_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Abkhazia_detail_map.png/330px-Abkhazia_detail_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Abkhazia_detail_map.png/440px-Abkhazia_detail_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Map o Abchasia</figcaption></figure> <p>Yn ôl llawer o'r gymuned ryngwladol, mae'n <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_ymreolaethol" title="Gweriniaeth ymreolaethol">weriniaeth ymreolaethol</a> o fewn tiriogaeth talaith Georgia. Yn ymarferol, mae'r wlad wedi bod yn annibynnol er 1993, er nad yw'r annibyniaeth honno'n cael ei chydnabod gan y mwyafrif o wladwriaethau. Fe wnaeth Rwsia, a oedd eisoes wedi lleoli milwyr yn Abchasia ers cryn amser, gydnabod annibyniaeth Abchasia ar 26 Awst 2008, yn dilyn y Rhyfel yn <a href="/wiki/De_Osetia" title="De Osetia">Ne Ossetia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ar 5 Medi 2008, fe wnaeth Nicaragua yr un peth,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ac yna Venezuela ar 10 Medi 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nauru ar 15 Rhagfyr 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanuatu ar 31 Mai 2011<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Tuvualu ar 19 Medi 2011, a Syria ar 29 Mai 2018. Tynnodd Vanuatu a Tuvalu eu cydnabyddiaeth yn ôl ar 12 Gorffennaf 2013 a 31 Mawrth 2014, yn y drefn honno.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arlywydd presennol (2020) Abchasia yw Aslan Bzhania. </p><p>Yn 2012, roedd gan Abchasia ddwy lysgenhadaeth a gydnabuwyd felly gan y gwledydd sy'n eu derbyn, ym Moscow a Caracas. Mae llysgenhadaeth Caracas yn cynrychioli buddiannau Abchasia mewn dwy wlad, Venezuela a Nicaragua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daearyddiaeth">Daearyddiaeth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Daearyddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Daearyddiaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae gan Abchasia arwynebedd oddeutu 8,660 km² ar arfordir gogleddol y <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr Du">Môr Du</a>. Mae mynyddoedd y Cawcasws i'r gogledd a'r gogledd-ddwyrain yn gwahanu Abchasia oddi wrth Krasnodar Krai Rwsia a Gweriniaeth Ymreolaethol Rwseg Karachay-Cherkessia. Yn y de-ddwyrain, mae Abchasia yn ffinio â rhanbarth Georgiaidd Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti ac yn y de-orllewin gan y Môr Du. </p><p>Mae'r weriniaeth yn hynod fynyddig: mae bron i 75 y cant o'r diriogaeth yn cynnwys mynyddoedd neu odre. Uchder y copa uchaf yw 3309 metr. Mae amaethyddiaeth wedi'u cyfyngu i raddau helaeth i'r arfordir a nifer o ddyffrynnoedd dwfn wedi'u dyfrio'n dda. </p><p>Mae'r hinsawdd yn hynod o fwyn. Tyfir <a href="/wiki/Te" title="Te">te</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tybaco" title="Tybaco">tybaco</a>, gwin a ffrwythau yn yr ardal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Is-adran_weinyddol">Is-adran weinyddol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Is-adran weinyddol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Is-adran weinyddol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/220px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/330px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/440px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption> 1) <a href="/wiki/Gagra" title="Gagra">Gagra</a> 2) Gudauta 3) Sukhum 4) Gulripsi 5) Ochamchira 6) Tkvarcheli 7) Gali </figcaption></figure> <p>Yn ogystal â'r llywodraeth ganolog, mae gan Weriniaeth Abchasia lefelau eraill o lywodraeth, cydrannau tiriogaethol lle sefydlir rheolau a / neu y gwneir penderfyniadau ynghylch rhai ardaloedd a / neu eu trigolion. Mae'n ymwneud â'r haenau gweinyddol canlynol a elwir yn <a href="/wiki/Abchaseg" title="Abchaseg">Abchaseg</a>: <i>араион</i>, araion; <a href="/wiki/Rwsieg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rwsieg">Rwsieg</a>: <i>район</i>, rajon ): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagra" title="Gagra">Gagra</a></li> <li>Gali</li> <li>Gudauta</li> <li>Gulripsi</li> <li>Ochamchira</li> <li>Sukhum</li> <li>Tkvarchel</li></ul> <p>Dydy'r brifddinas, Sukhum (Sukhumi yn Rwsieg), ddim yn rhan o'r araion. Is-renni yr araion ymhellach yn drefi (ақалақь, akalak '/город, gorod ) neu'n bentrefi (ақыҭа, akyta / село, selo). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demograffeg">Demograffeg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Demograffeg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Demograffeg"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Datblygiad_poblogaeth">Datblygiad poblogaeth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Datblygiad poblogaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Datblygiad poblogaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae demograffeg Abchasia wedi newid yn sylweddol ers y 1990au (ac, yn wir ers canol 19g). Adeg y cyfrifiad <a href="/wiki/Undeb_Sofietaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Undeb Sofietaidd">Sofietaidd</a> diwethaf ym 1989, roedd gan Abchasia boblogaeth o 525,061.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - roedd y Georgiaid (yn bennaf o Mingrelia) yn 45.7% o'r boblogaeth a dim ond tua 17.8 y cant yn Abchasiaid brodorol. </p><p>Yn 1993, arweiniodd rhyfel mawr (gweler hanes Abchasia) at rwyg rhwng Abchasia a Georgia. Ffodd nifer o'r <a href="/wiki/Georgiaid" title="Georgiaid">Georgiaid</a> yn sgil hynny. Yn enwedig oherwydd hyn, mae'r boblogaeth wedi gostwng cryn dipyn ers y rhyfel. </p><p>Yn ôl amcangyfrif yn 2015, mae oddeutu 243,206 o bobl yn byw yn Abchasia.<sup id="cite_ref-pop-stat.mashke.org_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-stat.mashke.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mewn 26 mlynedd (1989-2015), mae'r boblogaeth felly wedi mwy na haneru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyfansoddiad_ethnig">Cyfansoddiad ethnig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfansoddiad ethnig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfansoddiad ethnig"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae Abchaziaid yn 124,115 o bobl gyda mwyafrif cul yn unig o'r boblogaeth (51.0 y cant).<sup id="cite_ref-pop-stat.mashke.org_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-stat.mashke.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae tua 43,496 o Georgiaid yn byw yno ac yn cyfrif am oddeutu 17.9% o'r boblogaeth. Gyda 41,925 o bobl, yr Armeniaid yw'r trydydd grŵp poblogaeth o ran trigolion (neu tua 17.2% o'r boblogaeth). Mae'r Rwsiaid yn 22,301 o drigolion yw'r bedwaredd boblogaeth (9.2%). Mae hefyd yn gartref i 3,244 o Mingreliaid, sef tua 1.3 y cant o'r boblogaeth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crefydd">Crefydd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Crefydd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Crefydd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cristnogaeth" title="Cristnogaeth">Cristnogaeth</a> yw prif grefydd Abchazia, ac yna <a href="/wiki/Islamiaeth" title="Islamiaeth">Islamiaeth</a>. Ceir hefyd nifer bychan o <a href="/wiki/Iddewon" title="Iddewon">Iddewon</a> a anffyddwyr. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanes">Hanes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Hanes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Hanes"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Central_Sukhumi,_Abkhazia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Central_Sukhumi%2C_Abkhazia.jpg/220px-Central_Sukhumi%2C_Abkhazia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Central_Sukhumi%2C_Abkhazia.jpg/330px-Central_Sukhumi%2C_Abkhazia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Central_Sukhumi%2C_Abkhazia.jpg/440px-Central_Sukhumi%2C_Abkhazia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Canol y prifddinas, Sukhum</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanes_cynnar">Hanes cynnar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Hanes cynnar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Hanes cynnar"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gwladfa o'r Ymerodraeth Rufeinig Ddwyreiniol neu'r Ymerodraeth Fysantaidd yn gynnar yn yr Oesoedd Canol oedd Abchasia, fel Teyrnas Abkhaz rhwng yr 8fed a'r 10g, yna mewn undeb â Georgia tan y 13g. Ar ddiwedd yr Oesoedd Canol, roedd Abchasia yn rhan o Ymerodraeth Moscow a'i olynydd, Ymerodraeth Tsar Rwseg. O dan Stalin (yn Georgiad ei hun), atodwyd Abchasia i Georgia fel gweriniaeth annibynnol. </p><p>Rhwng y 9fed a'r 6g Cyn Crist, roedd tiriogaeth bresennol Abchazia yn rhan o deyrnas Colchis (Colhida). Yn 63 CC, amsugnwyd y deyrnas hon gan Deyrnas Egrisi, a adwaenid gan y <a href="/wiki/Bysantiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bysantiaid">Bysantaidd</a> fel "Lazica" a chan y <a href="/wiki/Persiaid" title="Persiaid">Persiaid</a> fel "Lazistan", ar ôl llwyth Laz yn yr ardal. </p><p>Rhwng 1000 a 550 CC, sefydlodd y Groegiaid gytrefi ar lannau'r <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="Môr Du">Môr Du</a> yn ardal Abchasia, er enghraifft yn Pitiunt (Pițunda heddiw) a Dioscurias (prifddinas Abchasia, Suhumi heddiw). </p><p>Gorchfygodd yr <a href="/wiki/Ymerodraeth_Rufeinig" class="mw-redirect" title="Ymerodraeth Rufeinig">Ymerodraeth Rufeinig</a> Egrisi yn y ganrif 1af OC. a'i weinyddu tan y 4g, pan ddaeth yn annibynnol i raddau helaeth, ond arhosodd o fewn cylch dylanwad Byzantium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goresgyniad_gan_Ymerodraeth_Rwsia">Goresgyniad gan Ymerodraeth Rwsia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Goresgyniad gan Ymerodraeth Rwsia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Goresgyniad gan Ymerodraeth Rwsia"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Abjasia-vella.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Abjasia-vella.svg/150px-Abjasia-vella.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Abjasia-vella.svg/225px-Abjasia-vella.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Abjasia-vella.svg/300px-Abjasia-vella.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Baner Abchasia adeg concwest gan Rwsia</figcaption></figure> <p>Roedd y treiddiad <a href="/wiki/Ymerodraeth_Rwsia" title="Ymerodraeth Rwsia">Ymerodraeth Rwsia</a> gyntaf ym 1810, oherwydd gwrthdaro dynastig, ymyrraeth dro ar ôl tro ym 1821 a 1822. Atododd y Rwsiaid sawl tiriogaeth o dan y cytuniadau â'r <a href="/wiki/Ymerodraeth_Otomanaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd">Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd</a>, a oedd yn arfer sofraniaeth enwol dros yr ardal; erbyn 1835, roeddent eisoes yn dominyddu rhan o Abchazia, tra bod ardaloedd eraill wedi dianc o reolaeth y tywysog ac yn trosglwyddo i ddwylo tywysogion ei deulu, ond o grefydd Fwslimaidd. Ymyrrodd Rwsia yn gryfach i adfer y tywysog (o'r grefydd Gristnogol) gyda'i holl awdurdod, ond pan gyfunwyd rheolaeth Rwsia yn y Cawcasws Gorllewinol, ym 1864 (yn Abchazia fesul cam, 1837 - 1840), a 1840 - 1842 yn rhannol anecsiadau), diddymwyd y llinach ac atodwyd y wlad. Peidiodd y faner goch â llaw wen o'r tywysogion lleol â chwifio.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yn 1877, gwrthryfelodd yr Abchasiaid, ond fe'u trechwyd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abchasia_yn_ystod_y_chwyldro_a'r_cyfnod_Sofietaidd"><span id="Abchasia_yn_ystod_y_chwyldro_a.27r_cyfnod_Sofietaidd"></span>Abchasia yn ystod y chwyldro a'r cyfnod Sofietaidd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Abchasia yn ystod y chwyldro a'r cyfnod Sofietaidd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Abchasia yn ystod y chwyldro a'r cyfnod Sofietaidd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bu Abchasia yn perthyn am nifer o flynyddoedd i <a href="/wiki/Ymerodraeth_Rwsia" title="Ymerodraeth Rwsia">Ymerodraeth Rwsia</a>. Wedi'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chwyldro_Comiwnyddol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chwyldro Comiwnyddol (dim tudalen ar gael)">Chwyldro Comiwnyddol</a> yn 1917, yn gynnar yn 1918, cipiodd y <a href="/wiki/Bolsieficiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolsieficiaid">Bolsieficiaid</a> bŵer yn fyr am 40 diwrnod. Ar 11 Mai 1918, sefydlwyd ganddynt Gweriniaeth Ffederal Gogledd Cawcasws, neu Gweriniaeth Pobl Mynyddoedd y Cawcasws, yr oedd Abchasia yn rhan, ynghyd â <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabardina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabardina (dim tudalen ar gael)">Kabardina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osetia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Osetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya-Ingushetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechnya-Ingushetia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Chechnya-Ingushetia</a>, y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balcaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balcaria (dim tudalen ar gael)">Balcaria</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Adygea" title="Adygea">Adygea</a>. Parhaodd y weriniaeth tan 1919. Abchasia, ond hyd yn oed cyn hynny (Mehefin 1918) syrthiodd i ddwylo lluoedd y llywodraeth yng Ngweriniaeth Georgia tan 4 Mawrth 1921 yn cael ei dominyddu gan y Bolsieficiaid dan arweiniad Nestor Lakoba a'i milisia gwerinwyr, a roedd yn Weriniaeth Sofietaidd Ymreolaethol a gyhoeddwyd ar 28 Mawrth 1921, a gydnabuwyd gan y llywodraeth chwyldroadol (Bolsiefic) a sefydlwyd yn Georgia ym mis Mai 21 o 1921; wedi hynny llofnododd gytundeb cynghrair rhwng y ddwy weriniaeth ar 16 Rhagfyr 1921. Ym 1922, ymunodd Gweriniaethwyr Sosialaidd Transcaucasaidd a'r Undeb Ffederal Sofietaidd (yr <a href="/wiki/Undeb_Sofietaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Undeb Sofietaidd">Undeb Sofietaidd</a>) gyda'i gilydd ac, ym 1925, cyhoeddwyd cyfansoddiad newydd nad oedd yn diffinio statws y wlad yn glir; Ond ym mis Ebrill 1930, cadarnhawyd cynnwys Abchasia yn rhan Georgia gyda statws gweriniaeth ymreolaethol a gyhoeddwyd ym mis Chwefror 1931. Ym 1937, derbyniodd gyfansoddiad newydd, yn dilyn diddymu'r RFSS Transcaucasia. Gwelai'r Abchasiaid eu hunain fel <a href="/wiki/Cenedl_titiwlar" title="Cenedl titiwlar">cenedl titiwlar</a> Abchasia (ac nid y Georgiaid) ac felly, yn ôl eidioleg Sofietaidd yn haeddu mai eu hiaith a'i hunaniaeth hwy fyddai'r brif neu arwain-ddiwylliant, yn Abchasia. Yn 1978, galwodd deallusion yn y wlad am wahanu Georgia ac integreiddio i Rwsia (oherwydd pryderon am ymgorffori llwyr i mewn i iaith a gwladwriaeth Georgia), ond gwrthododd arlywydd yr Undeb Sofietaidd ar y pryd, <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>, wneud y newid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Y_ffordd_i_annibyniaeth">Y ffordd i annibyniaeth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Y ffordd i annibyniaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Y ffordd i annibyniaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diwedd_y_1980au">Diwedd y 1980au</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Diwedd y 1980au" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Diwedd y 1980au"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Flag_of_the_SSR_Abkhazia_(1989).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_SSR_Abkhazia_%281989%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_SSR_Abkhazia_%281989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_SSR_Abkhazia_%281989%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_SSR_Abkhazia_%281989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_SSR_Abkhazia_%281989%29.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_SSR_Abkhazia_%281989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Baner newydd Abchasia yn 1989</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Demography_of_Abkhazia-chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Demography_of_Abkhazia-chart.svg/220px-Demography_of_Abkhazia-chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Demography_of_Abkhazia-chart.svg/330px-Demography_of_Abkhazia-chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Demography_of_Abkhazia-chart.svg/440px-Demography_of_Abkhazia-chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Demograffeg Abchasia. Noder i Abchasia ddioddef cwymp poblogaeth oherwydd rhyfeloedd Rwsia 19g, yna mewnfudiad enfawr o Georgia ganol 20g ac yna allfudo enfawr ar ddiwedd 20g</figcaption></figure> <p>Dechreuodd yr Abchasiaid, oedd cyn y rhyfel ar ddechru'r 1990au, yn 17.8% o gyfanswm y boblogaeth yn Abchasia, ymgyrchu ar ddiwedd yr 1980au i wneud eu gweriniaeth ymreolaethol yn weriniaeth Sofietaidd lawn. Gwrthwynebwyd hyn o'r dechrau gan y Georgiaid ethnig a oedd yn byw yma, ac a oedd (cyn y rhyfel) yn 45% o'r boblogaeth. </p><p>Ym 1989, cymeradwyodd Senedd neu Goruchaf Sofiet Abchasia lawer o welliannau a oedd yn nodi'r tueddiadau newydd yn sgil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasnost (dim tudalen ar gael)">Glasnost</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perestroika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perestroika (dim tudalen ar gael)">Perestroika</a>. Newidiwyd hyd yn oed baner y weriniaeth, baner Georgia gydag enw'r weriniaeth, a chrëwyd baner goch gydag haul (yn lle'r cryman a'r morthwyl) a'r enw "RSS Apsni" yn y gornel. </p><p>Ym mis Gorffennaf 1989, dechreuodd y Georgiaid dan arweiniad yr Arlywydd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zviad_Gamsakhurdia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a>, orfodi hegemoni Georgiaidd ar Abchasia a throi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prifysgol_Sukhum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prifysgol Sukhum (dim tudalen ar gael)">Prifysgol Sukhum</a> yn adran o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prifysgol_Tblisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prifysgol Tblisi (dim tudalen ar gael)">Brifysgol Tbilisi</a>. Arweiniodd y protestiadau at 22 o farwolaethau. Ym mis Awst 1990, gwaharddodd yr awdurdodau Georgiaidd bleidiau rhanbarthol rhag cymryd ran yn yr etholiadau, ac felly annilysu ymgeisyddiaeth Ffrynt Boblogaidd Abchasia, "Aydgylara". Mewn ymateb i hyn, ar 25 Awst 1990, cymeradwyodd Goruchaf Gyngor Abchasia ddatganiad o sofraniaeth (doedd dim dirprwyaeth ethnig Georgaidd yn bresennol). Ym mis Rhagfyr 1990, dewiswyd Vladislav Ardzinbawas fel Arlywydd Goruchaf Sofiet Abchasia, (sy'n cyfateb i arlywydd y Weriniaeth), a gofynnodd am barhad yr <a href="/wiki/Undeb_Sofietaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Undeb Sofietaidd">Undeb Sofietaidd</a> gydag Abchasia yn aelod fel gweriniaeth ac nid fel gweriniaeth annibynnol. Ym mis Mawrth 1991, rhoddodd y refferendwm ar gyfer parhad yr <a href="/wiki/Undeb_Sofietaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Undeb Sofietaidd">Undeb Sofietaidd</a> 52.5% o'r pleidleisiau o blaid parhad yn Abchasia (boicotiodd y Georgiaid yr ymgynghoriad). Roedd y sefyllfa gyda Gamsakhurdia yn anffafriol. Cytunwyd ar gyfreithiau etholiadol (sicrhau etholiad trwy gwotâu, 24 Abchasiaid, 26 Georgiaid a Mingreliaid ac 11 grŵp ethnig arall) a mwyafrifoedd i basio deddfau (roedd deddfau pwysig yn gofyn am ddwy ran o dair o'r bleidlais). </p><p>Yn 1992, cyfarfu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senedd_Abchasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senedd Abchasia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Senedd Abchasia</a>, ond roedd y Georgiaid yn ei chael yn rhy genedlaetholgar, wrth i ddirprwyon lleiafrifol (11) gynghreirio â’r Abchasiaid, a dechrau protestio gydag arddangosiadau. Dymchwelwyd Gamsakhurdia ym mis Ionawr 1992. Ym mis Gorffennaf 1992, cymeradwyodd y senedd adfer cyfansoddiad 1921, nad oedd yn nodi bod Abchasia yn weriniaeth ymreolaethol ond yn weriniaeth lawn o fewn ffederasiwn gweriniaethau cyfartal. Cyhoeddodd Georgia i'r bleidlais gael ei chanslo ac anfon 3,000 o filwyr y Gwarchodlu Cenedlaethol yno. Ar 18 Awst 1992, gorchmynnodd y Gweinidog Amddiffyn Tengiz Kitovani yr ymosodiad ar Senedd Abchasia. Ffodd Ardzinba a mwyafrif y dirprwyon (35) i Gatauta, lle galwasant am wrthwynebiad arfog. </p><p>Dechreuodd yr ymladd (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyfel_Abchasia_1992-92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhyfel Abchasia 1992-92 (dim tudalen ar gael)">Rhyfel Abchasia</a>) (1992-1993)) ym mis Hydref 1992 a meddiannodd y cenedlaetholwyr Abchas ogledd y wlad yn gyfan. Ar 23 Hydref, dechreuodd y Georgiaid ddinistrio treftadaeth y wlad gan gynnwys llosgi <a href="/wiki/Archif_Gwladwriaeth_Abchasia" title="Archif Gwladwriaeth Abchasia">Archif Gwladwriaethol Abchasia</a> yn ilw a pheidio gadael diffoddwyr tân i ddiffodd y fflamau. Gyda chymorth cudd gan Rwsia a llywodraeth Gweriniaeth <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabardinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabardinia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Kabardinia</a>, yn ogystal â gwirfoddolwyr Chechen a Cawcasia, gan gynnwys yr enwog Shamil Bassayev, wynebodd y llywodraeth ganolog Georgia ers mis Ionawr 1993. Hwylusodd cefnogwyr Gamsakhurdia ym Mingrelia a rhan o Georgia yr Abkhaz yn sarhaus ym mis Medi 1993. Arweiniodd Arlywydd Georgoa Eduard Shevarnadze yn bersonol amddiffyniad Sukhumi, fodd bynnag, cymerwyd ef gan yr ymosodwyr mewn 11 diwrnod. Bu'n rhaid i filwyr Georgiaidd adael y wlad. Ffodd 200,000 o Georgiaid allan gyda'i byddin. Hyrwyddodd y <a href="/wiki/Cenhedloedd_Unedig" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenhedloedd Unedig">Cenhedloedd Unedig</a> sgyrsiau heddwch ym 1993 a 1994, a daethpwyd i gytundeb ym mis Ebrill, ond parhaodd digwyddiadau ar y ffin. Mabwysiadwyd cyfansoddiad y wlad ar 26 Tachwedd 1994. Creodd ffoaduriaid Georgiaidd y Lleng Gwyn, a oedd am ymladd yn erbyn yr Abchasiaid ac adennill y wlad dros Georgia ac o dan hegemoni’r boblogaeth Georgaidd, gan mai dim ond tua 20% yw’r boblogaeth frodorol, ac roedd rhai cyrchoedd arfog - yn eu plith y brif un, eisoes wedi mynd i mewn i ganrif XXI, dan arweiniad y rheolwr Chechen Ruslan Guelàiev (ar ôl marwolaeth Chechnya) - na chafodd unrhyw lwyddiant, ac arhosodd y sefyllfa yn llonydd yn 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhyfel_2008">Rhyfel 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Rhyfel 2008" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Rhyfel 2008"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ar Awst 25 o 2008, oherwydd y sefyllfa a grëwyd gan y gwrthdaro yn <a href="/wiki/De_Osetia" title="De Osetia">Ne Osetia</a>, galwodd Cyngor <a href="/wiki/Ffederasiwn_Rwsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ffederasiwn Rwsia">Ffederasiwn Rwsia</a>, mewn cyfarfod anghyffredin, ar y <a href="/wiki/Cremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremlin">Cremlin</a> i gydnabod Abchasia a De Osetia.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daeth y gydnabyddiaeth hon drannoeth,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gyda chefnogaeth arweinwyr rhanbarthau secessionist ac ynghanol beirniadaeth gan y gymuned ryngwladol.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ar 27 Mai 27, 2014, ymgasglodd mwy na 10,000 o bobl yn Soukhoumi, record ar gyfer y diriogaeth, i fynnu ymddiswyddiad yr Arlywydd Alexander Ankvab ac esgyniad Abchasia i Rwsia wedi hynny.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae Abchasia bellach mewn sefyllfa o limbo gwleidyddol ryngwladol yn cael ei chydnabod fel gwladwriaeth annibynnol gan llong llaw o wledydd ond fel rhan o Georgia gan y rhan fwyaf llethol o'r byd, er nad oes gan Georgia unrhyw reolaeth dros y wlad. Yn filwrol, mae'r wlad yn drefedigaeth i Rwsia gyda lluoedd Rwsia wedi eu lleoli ar hyd Abchasia a gyda'r ffin â Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oriel">Oriel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Golygu'r adran: Oriel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Oriel"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Sukhumi_waterfront_in_January.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Promenâd Sukhum, Ionawr 2013"><img alt="Promenâd Sukhum, Ionawr 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sukhumi_waterfront_in_January.jpg/240px-Sukhumi_waterfront_in_January.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sukhumi_waterfront_in_January.jpg/360px-Sukhumi_waterfront_in_January.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sukhumi_waterfront_in_January.jpg/480px-Sukhumi_waterfront_in_January.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Promenâd Sukhum, Ionawr 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:2014_Suchum,_By%C5%82y_budynek_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_Radzieckiej_Abchazji_(03).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cyn-adeilad Cyngor y Gweinidogion, Sofiet Abchasia a ddifrodwyd yn Rhyfel 1992-92"><img alt="Cyn-adeilad Cyngor y Gweinidogion, Sofiet Abchasia a ddifrodwyd yn Rhyfel 1992-92" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2014_Suchum%2C_By%C5%82y_budynek_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_Radzieckiej_Abchazji_%2803%29.jpg/246px-2014_Suchum%2C_By%C5%82y_budynek_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_Radzieckiej_Abchazji_%2803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2014_Suchum%2C_By%C5%82y_budynek_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_Radzieckiej_Abchazji_%2803%29.jpg/368px-2014_Suchum%2C_By%C5%82y_budynek_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_Radzieckiej_Abchazji_%2803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2014_Suchum%2C_By%C5%82y_budynek_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_Radzieckiej_Abchazji_%2803%29.jpg/491px-2014_Suchum%2C_By%C5%82y_budynek_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_Radzieckiej_Abchazji_%2803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4103" data-file-height="3010" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cyn-adeilad Cyngor y Gweinidogion, Sofiet Abchasia a ddifrodwyd yn Rhyfel 1992-92</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:2014_Nowy_Aton,_Widok_z_Twierdzy_Anakopia_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mynachlog Athos Newydd, araina Gudauta yn Abchasia."><img alt="Mynachlog Athos Newydd, araina Gudauta yn Abchasia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Widok_z_Twierdzy_Anakopia_%2804%29.jpg/270px-2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Widok_z_Twierdzy_Anakopia_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Widok_z_Twierdzy_Anakopia_%2804%29.jpg/405px-2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Widok_z_Twierdzy_Anakopia_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Widok_z_Twierdzy_Anakopia_%2804%29.jpg/541px-2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Widok_z_Twierdzy_Anakopia_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mynachlog Athos Newydd, araina Gudauta yn Abchasia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Abkhazian_Village_(228956083).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pentref yn Abchasia"><img alt="Pentref yn Abchasia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Abkhazian_Village_%28228956083%29.jpeg/270px-Abkhazian_Village_%28228956083%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Abkhazian_Village_%28228956083%29.jpeg/405px-Abkhazian_Village_%28228956083%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Abkhazian_Village_%28228956083%29.jpeg/540px-Abkhazian_Village_%28228956083%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pentref yn Abchasia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:2014_Suchum,_S%C5%82owniki_rosyjsko-abchaskie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geiriadur Rwsieg-Abchaseg mewn siop yn Sukhum, 2014"><img alt="Geiriadur Rwsieg-Abchaseg mewn siop yn Sukhum, 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/2014_Suchum%2C_S%C5%82owniki_rosyjsko-abchaskie.jpg/270px-2014_Suchum%2C_S%C5%82owniki_rosyjsko-abchaskie.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/2014_Suchum%2C_S%C5%82owniki_rosyjsko-abchaskie.jpg/405px-2014_Suchum%2C_S%C5%82owniki_rosyjsko-abchaskie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/2014_Suchum%2C_S%C5%82owniki_rosyjsko-abchaskie.jpg/540px-2014_Suchum%2C_S%C5%82owniki_rosyjsko-abchaskie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4522" data-file-height="3015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Geiriadur <a href="/wiki/Rwsieg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rwsieg">Rwsieg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Abchaseg" title="Abchaseg">Abchaseg</a> mewn siop yn Sukhum, 2014</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:StampAbkhazia1993_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stamp o Abchasia, 1993, yn fuan wedi ymryddhau oddi ar Georgia"><img alt="Stamp o Abchasia, 1993, yn fuan wedi ymryddhau oddi ar Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/StampAbkhazia1993_4.jpg/240px-StampAbkhazia1993_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/StampAbkhazia1993_4.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stamp o Abchasia, 1993, yn fuan wedi ymryddhau oddi ar Georgia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:2014_Gagra,_Park_Pami%C4%99ci_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parc Goffa, a Cofeb Rhyfel, yn nhref Gagra"><img alt="Parc Goffa, a Cofeb Rhyfel, yn nhref Gagra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2014_Gagra%2C_Park_Pami%C4%99ci_%2804%29.jpg/273px-2014_Gagra%2C_Park_Pami%C4%99ci_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2014_Gagra%2C_Park_Pami%C4%99ci_%2804%29.jpg/409px-2014_Gagra%2C_Park_Pami%C4%99ci_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2014_Gagra%2C_Park_Pami%C4%99ci_%2804%29.jpg/545px-2014_Gagra%2C_Park_Pami%C4%99ci_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4075" data-file-height="2694" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parc Goffa, a Cofeb Rhyfel, yn nhref Gagra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Abkhazia._Gagra._Railway_station_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gorsaf drên Gagra, ger y ffin â Ffederasiwn Rwsia, 2009"><img alt="Gorsaf drên Gagra, ger y ffin â Ffederasiwn Rwsia, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abkhazia._Gagra._Railway_station_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/240px-Abkhazia._Gagra._Railway_station_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abkhazia._Gagra._Railway_station_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/360px-Abkhazia._Gagra._Railway_station_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abkhazia._Gagra._Railway_station_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/480px-Abkhazia._Gagra._Railway_station_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gorsaf drên Gagra, ger y ffin â Ffederasiwn Rwsia, 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Abkhazia._Lake_Riza._-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Llyn Riza"><img alt="Llyn Riza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Abkhazia._Lake_Riza._-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Abkhazia._Lake_Riza._-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Abkhazia._Lake_Riza._-_panoramio.jpg/360px-Abkhazia._Lake_Riza._-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Abkhazia._Lake_Riza._-_panoramio.jpg/480px-Abkhazia._Lake_Riza._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Llyn Riza</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Abhasian_license_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plât trwydded cerbyd Abchasia,2007"><img alt="Plât trwydded cerbyd Abchasia,2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Abhasian_license_plate.jpg/451px-Abhasian_license_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Abhasian_license_plate.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plât trwydded cerbyd Abchasia,2007</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Ridge_view_from_pitsunda_cape.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mynyddoedd y Cawcasws gyda penrhyn tref Pitsunda."><img alt="Mynyddoedd y Cawcasws gyda penrhyn tref Pitsunda." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ridge_view_from_pitsunda_cape.jpg/240px-Ridge_view_from_pitsunda_cape.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ridge_view_from_pitsunda_cape.jpg/361px-Ridge_view_from_pitsunda_cape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ridge_view_from_pitsunda_cape.jpg/481px-Ridge_view_from_pitsunda_cape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mynyddoedd_y_Cawcasws" title="Mynyddoedd y Cawcasws">Mynyddoedd y Cawcasws</a> gyda penrhyn tref <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitsunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitsunda (dim tudalen ar gael)">Pitsunda</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Amtkeli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Llyn Amtkeli, raion Gulripshi."><img alt="Llyn Amtkeli, raion Gulripshi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Amtkeli.jpg/270px-Amtkeli.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Amtkeli.jpg/405px-Amtkeli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Amtkeli.jpg/540px-Amtkeli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Llyn Amtkeli, raion Gulripshi.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Geiriadur_yr_Academi" title="Geiriadur yr Academi">Geiriadur yr Academi</a></i>, s.v. Abkhazia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constitution-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abkhazworld.com/aw/reports-and-key-texts/607-constitution-of-the-republic-of-abkhazia-apsny">"Constitution of the Republic of Abkhazia (Apsny)"</a>. Abkhazworld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624045315/http://abkhazworld.com/aw/reports-and-key-texts/607-constitution-of-the-republic-of-abkhazia-apsny">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 24 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Abkhazia+%28Apsny%29&rft.pub=Abkhazworld.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabkhazworld.com%2Faw%2Freports-and-key-texts%2F607-constitution-of-the-republic-of-abkhazia-apsny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faultlines-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Faultlines_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Olga Oliker, Thomas S. Szayna. Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army. Rand Corporation, 2003, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8330-3260-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8330-3260-7">978-0-8330-3260-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clogg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Clogg_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFClogg2001" class="citation web">Clogg, Rachel (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302113248/http://www.c-r.org/resources/occasional-papers/abkhazia-ten-years-on.php">"Abkhazia: ten years on"</a>. Conciliation Resources. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-r.org/resources/occasional-papers/abkhazia-ten-years-on.php">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abkhazia%3A+ten+years+on&rft.pub=Conciliation+Resources&rft.date=2001-01&rft.aulast=Clogg&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-r.org%2Fresources%2Foccasional-papers%2Fabkhazia-ten-years-on.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karagiannis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Karagiannis_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmanuel Karagiannis. Energy and Security in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2002. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7007-1481-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7007-1481-0">978-0-7007-1481-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olympics-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Olympics_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/russia/article/0,,2143104,00.html">Georgia up in arms over Olympic cash</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-golos-ameriki-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-golos-ameriki_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.golos-ameriki.ru/a/georgian-territorial-issue-unga/4036911.html">"Территориальная целостность Грузии опирается на твердую международную поддержку"</a>. <i>golos-ameriki.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919061908/https://www.golos-ameriki.ru/a/georgian-territorial-issue-unga/4036911.html">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 19 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=golos-ameriki.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BA%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.golos-ameriki.ru%2Fa%2Fgeorgian-territorial-issue-unga%2F4036911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7582181.stm">"Russia recognises Georgian rebels"</a>. BBC. 26 Awst 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+recognises+Georgian+rebels&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2F7582181.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520075237/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/229515,nicaragua-joins-russia-in-recognizing-south-ossetia-abkhazia.html">"Nicaragua joins Russia in recognizing South Ossetia, Abkhazia"</a>. The Earth Times. 3 Medi 2008. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/229515,nicaragua-joins-russia-in-recognizing-south-ossetia-abkhazia.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2011-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2020-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicaragua+joins+Russia+in+recognizing+South+Ossetia%2C+Abkhazia&rft.pub=The+Earth+Times&rft.date=2008-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthtimes.org%2Farticles%2Fshow%2F229515%2Cnicaragua-joins-russia-in-recognizing-south-ossetia-abkhazia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standaard.be/Artikel/Detail.aspx?artikelId=DMF20090910_025">"Venezuela erkent Abchazië en Zuid-Ossetië"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Standaard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Standaard (dim tudalen ar gael)">De Standaard</a>. 10 Medi2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezuela+erkent+Abchazi%C3%AB+en+Zuid-Osseti%C3%AB&rft.pub=De+Standaard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.standaard.be%2FArtikel%2FDetail.aspx%3FartikelId%3DDMF20090910_025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/16/world/europe/16georgia.html?_r=1">"Abkhazia Is Recognized — by Nauru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 15 Rhagfyr 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abkhazia+Is+Recognized+%E2%80%94+by+Nauru&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F16%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F16georgia.html%3F_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/world/20110531/164348947.html">"Vanuatu recognizes Abkhazia independence - Abkhaz ministry"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=RIA_Novosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RIA Novosti (dim tudalen ar gael)">RIA Novosti</a>. 31 mai 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vanuatu+recognizes+Abkhazia+independence+-+Abkhaz+ministry&rft.pub=RIA+Novosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rian.ru%2Fworld%2F20110531%2F164348947.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=26273">https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=26273</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622024945/https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=26273">Archifwyd</a> 2020-06-22 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color: var(--color-progressive--active, #233566);">(Saesneg)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27093">https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27093</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331150853/http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27093">Archifwyd</a> 2014-03-31 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/abkhazia-census.htm">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop-stat.mashke.org-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pop-stat.mashke.org_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pop-stat.mashke.org_16-1">16.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/abkhazia-ethnic2015.htm">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Abkhazia">https://www.britannica.com/place/Abkhazia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.3cat24.cat/noticia/304469/mon/El-Senat-i-la-Duma-demanen-al-Kremlin-el-reconeixement-dOssetia-del-Sud-i-Abkhazia">http://www.3cat24.cat/noticia/304469/mon/El-Senat-i-la-Duma-demanen-al-Kremlin-el-reconeixement-dOssetia-del-Sud-i-Abkhazia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517081912/https://www.vilaweb.cat/www/noticia?p_idcmp=2976206">"copi archif"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vilaweb.cat/www/noticia?p_idcmp=2976206">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2022-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2020-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=copi+archif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vilaweb.cat%2Fwww%2Fnoticia%3Fp_idcmp%3D2976206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.3cat24.cat/noticia/304664/altres/Bush-considera-inacceptable-que-Russia-reconegui-la-independencia-dAbkhazia-i-Ossetia-del-Sud">http://www.3cat24.cat/noticia/304664/altres/Bush-considera-inacceptable-que-Russia-reconegui-la-independencia-dAbkhazia-i-Ossetia-del-Sud</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220005650/http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2014/05/28/plus-pres-de-toi-russie">"copi archif"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2014/05/28/plus-pres-de-toi-russie">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2014-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2020-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=copi+archif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courrierinternational.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F05%2F28%2Fplus-pres-de-toi-russie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAbchasia" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18175030">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18175030</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ecfr.eu/article/essay_abkhazia_russias_tight_embrace">https://www.ecfr.eu/article/essay_abkhazia_russias_tight_embrace</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolenni_allanol">Dolenni allanol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolenni allanol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Dolenni allanol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abkhazworld.com/aw/abkhazia.html">Abkhaz World gwefan yn cynnwys deunydd hanesyddol, economaidd, gwleidyddol a diwylliannol am Abchasia</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wicipedia:Pydredd_dolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wicipedia:Pydredd dolen (dim tudalen ar gael)">dolen farw</a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/cz4pr2gdg8gt/abkhazia">Eitemau am Abchasia ar wefan newyddion y BBC</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Wedi dod o "<a dir="ltr" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&oldid=13134344">https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&oldid=13134344</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Categories" title="Arbennig:Categories">Categorïau</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Abchasia" title="Categori:Abchasia">Abchasia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Georgia" title="Categori:Georgia">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Cenedlaetholdeb" title="Categori:Cenedlaetholdeb">Cenedlaetholdeb</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categori cudd: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Tudalennau_gyda_meysydd_deublyg_yn_y_Nodion" title="Categori:Tudalennau gyda meysydd deublyg yn y Nodion">Tudalennau gyda meysydd deublyg yn y Nodion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Categori:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:CS1_errors:_dates" title="Categori:CS1 errors: dates">CS1 errors: dates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categori:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Erthyglau_sy%27n_defnyddio_Nodyn_Gwybodlen_lle_Wicidata" title="Categori:Erthyglau sy'n defnyddio Nodyn Gwybodlen lle Wicidata">Erthyglau sy'n defnyddio Nodyn Gwybodlen lle Wicidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Categori:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Golygwyd y dudalen hon ddiwethaf ar 8 Hydref 2024, am 07:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Mae'r testun ar gael o dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; gall telerau ychwanegol fod yn berthnasol. 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