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<span>Toompea today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toompea_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geology and topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD)" title="Вышгарад (Талін) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вышгарад (Талін)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B0" title="Тоомпэа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тоомпэа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B0" title="Тоомпеа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тоомпеа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domberg_(Tallinn)" title="Domberg (Tallinn) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Domberg (Tallinn)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A6%D8%A7" title="تومپئا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تومپئا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%B0%ED%8E%98%EC%95%84" title="톰페아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="톰페아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84_(%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6)" title="Վերին քաղաք (Տալլին) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերին քաղաք (Տալլին)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%90" title="ტოომპეა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოომპეა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domkalns" title="Domkalns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Domkalns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Вышгород (Таллин) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вышгород (Таллин)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B0" title="Томпеа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Томпеа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domberget,_Tallinn" title="Domberget, Tallinn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Domberget, Tallinn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toompea" title="Toompea – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toompea" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1)" title="Тоомпеа (пагорб) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тоомпеа (пагорб)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82%E5%B1%B1_(%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97)" title="主教座堂山 (塔林) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主教座堂山 (塔林)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171196#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Toompea&params=59_26_13_N_24_44_24_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°26′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°44′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.43694°N 24.74000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.43694; 24.74000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hill in central Tallinn, Estonia</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tallinn_Toompea_Upper_Old_Town_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tallinn_Toompea_Upper_Old_Town_2013.jpg/360px-Tallinn_Toompea_Upper_Old_Town_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tallinn_Toompea_Upper_Old_Town_2013.jpg/540px-Tallinn_Toompea_Upper_Old_Town_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tallinn_Toompea_Upper_Old_Town_2013.jpg/720px-Tallinn_Toompea_Upper_Old_Town_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11346" data-file-height="3678" /></a><figcaption>View of the Toompea hill, 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Toompea</b> (from <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Domberg</i>, "Cathedral Hill") is a hill in the central part of <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>. The hill has an area of 7 hectares (17 acres) and is about 20–30 metres higher than the surrounding areas. Toompea is part of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Old_Town" title="Tallinn Old Town">Tallinn Old Town</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. </p><p>Toompea is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Estonia" title="Government of Estonia">Government of Estonia</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a></i> (parliament), both of which are often simply referred to as <i>Toompea</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parliament meets in the <a href="/wiki/Toompea_Castle" title="Toompea Castle">Toompea Castle</a> which is situated in the southwestern corner of the hill and topped by the <a href="/wiki/Pikk_Hermann" title="Pikk Hermann">Pikk Hermann</a> ("Tall Hermann") tower. The flag on the top of the tower is one of the best-known symbols in Estonia of the government in force.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toompea first emerged as an island from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Ice_Lake" title="Baltic Ice Lake">Baltic Ice Lake</a> around 10,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-envir.ee_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envir.ee-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to steady <a href="/wiki/Post-glacial_rebound" title="Post-glacial rebound">post-glacial rebound</a> it became connected with the mainland during the early <a href="/wiki/Littorina_Sea" title="Littorina Sea">Littorina Sea</a> stage.<sup id="cite_ref-bggm_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bggm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 5,000 BCE the sea still reached the foot of the cliffs of Toompea.<sup id="cite_ref-horisont_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horisont-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern coastline is at a distance of more than 1 km from Toompea and the foot of the hill lies at 17–20 m above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-tlpa_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlpa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hill reaches about 48 metres (157 ft) in elevation.<sup id="cite_ref-tlpa_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlpa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tallinna_Toomkirik,_13.-19.saj_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tallinna_Toomkirik%2C_13.-19.saj_%281%29.jpg/220px-Tallinna_Toomkirik%2C_13.-19.saj_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tallinna_Toomkirik%2C_13.-19.saj_%281%29.jpg/330px-Tallinna_Toomkirik%2C_13.-19.saj_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tallinna_Toomkirik%2C_13.-19.saj_%281%29.jpg/440px-Tallinna_Toomkirik%2C_13.-19.saj_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>Toompea (<i>Domberg</i>) derives its name from the 13th century <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn">Cathedral church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <i lang="et">Toomkirik</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Domkirche</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first stronghold is believed to have been built on the hill in either the 10th or 11th century by residents of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Estonia" title="Ancient Estonia">ancient Estonian</a> county of <a href="/wiki/Revala" title="Revala">Revala</a>. The late Iron Age <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">fortified settlement</a> did not probably have permanent inhabitants, but was rather seasonally used for protecting the harbour and its adjacent marketplace.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact location of the stronghold is not known, but it is presumed that it occupied only a small portion of Toompea, either its then-highest point a bit southeast of today's cathedral<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the northern end of the hill.<sup id="cite_ref-p186_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early archaeological evidence from the hill dates mainly to the second half of the 12th century and first half of the 13th century. Smaller amounts of older finds support the view that the stronghold might have been established already during the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p186_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toompea_loss_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Toompea_loss_2014.jpg/220px-Toompea_loss_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Toompea_loss_2014.jpg/330px-Toompea_loss_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Toompea_loss_2014.jpg/440px-Toompea_loss_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toompea_Castle" title="Toompea Castle">Toompea Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The hill fort is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Henry_of_Livonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Henry of Livonia">Henry of Livonia's Chronicle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a> by the name <i><a href="/wiki/Lindanise" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindanise">Lindanise</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-p186_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the crusade, in the summer of 1219 the King of Denmark <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdemar II">Valdemar II</a> launched an attack against Tallinn. His crusaders took over the deserted stronghold and at the same summer started building a new castle in its place, later referred to as the <i>Castrum Danorum</i>. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyndanisse" title="Battle of Lyndanisse">Battle of Lindanise</a> which was fought near the castle and resulted Danish victory over the Estonians, a cathedral was also built on the hill, though it was probably not located in the same place as <a href="/wiki/Toomkirik" class="mw-redirect" title="Toomkirik">today's cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 1227 the castle at Toompea was conquered by the order of the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Brothers of the Sword</a>, who immediately after conquest started to fortify the hill.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plateau was divided into three parts: the Small Castle, the Great Castle and the outer ward (southernmost part of the plateau in front of the two castles). The first stone <a href="/wiki/Toompea_Castle" title="Toompea Castle">Castle of the Order</a> (the Small Castle) was built in the southwestern corner of the plateau in 1227-1229. The original castle had roughly the same shape as the later expansions of the castle, but was slightly smaller.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castle was returned to Denmark after the Treaty of Stensby in 1238 and remained its property (together with the rest of Northern Estonia – see <a href="/wiki/Danish_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Estonia">Danish Estonia</a>) for the next 138 years.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1240 building of the cathedral was completed in the place it stands today. In the second half of the 13th century Toompea (the Great Castle) was surrounded with a wall by the hill's perimeter, built mainly by <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> who owned the plots there.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning from the same period Toompea started to develop into the centre of provincial authority, clergy and nobility in Northern Estonia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the vassals chose Toompea for their residence – living in their estates in the conquered countryside was deemed too dangerous; by the end of the 13th century the Great Castle was densely populated. The distinction between Toompea and the Lower Town (Tallinn) also developed at the time as Tallinn gained its own administration – at least in 1248, when the King of Denmark <a href="/wiki/Eric_IV_of_Denmark" title="Eric IV of Denmark">Eric IV</a> granted the town <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_city_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Lübeck city rights">Lübeck city rights</a>, but possibly even earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-p85_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p85-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1265 the Lower Town was exempted from the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">castellan</a> and in 1288 the commanders of the castle also lost judicial power over the citizens of the Lower Town.<sup id="cite_ref-p85_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p85-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction and expansion works on both castles continued in the subsequent centuries. In the first half of the 14th century the southern wall of the Great Castle was renovated and its <a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">moat</a> was joined with the eastern moat of the Small Castle. In this way the outer ward of the castles was built, after its southern and southeastern sides were surrounded with a wall. The castle as a whole had two exits at the time: the more important one was outer ward's southern gate, through which the road led to <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B5nism%C3%A4gi" title="Tõnismägi">Tõnismägi</a>, the second was the gate at its eastern, which connected Toompea with Lower Town via the Long and Short Legs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Looking_down_Pikk_Jalg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Looking_down_Pikk_Jalg.jpg/220px-Looking_down_Pikk_Jalg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Looking_down_Pikk_Jalg.jpg/330px-Looking_down_Pikk_Jalg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Looking_down_Pikk_Jalg.jpg/440px-Looking_down_Pikk_Jalg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>The Long Leg, the main way connecting Toompea with the Lower Town</figcaption></figure> <p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Night_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Night Uprising">St. George's Night Uprising</a>, in 1346 Denmark sold its possessions in Northern Estonia and followed 215 years under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a>. Tallinn (the Lower Town), which was still subjected to Lübeck city rights and only nominally depended on the feudal system, developed into a flourishing Hanseatic city, while Toompea remained politically and socially antithetical to the Lower Town.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boundaries of the territory of Toompea and Tallinn were fixed with an agreement in 1348, when 220 hectares (540 acres) from the city's patrimony was given to Toompea. That area, located southwest of the hill and where the suburbs (<a href="/wiki/Vorstadt" title="Vorstadt">Vorstadt</a>) of Toompea (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%B5nism%C3%A4gi" title="Tõnismägi">Tõnismäe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kassisaba" title="Kassisaba">Kassisaba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelmik%C3%BCla" title="Kelmiküla">Kelmiküla</a>) were built during subsequent periods, was called "Dome territory" until the 20th century. </p><p>Soon after returning to Toompea, the Order started expanding the castle – the whole Castle of the Order (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Ordensburg</i>) was extended and developed into the strongest centre of its northerly realms, a symbol of their military and political power.<sup id="cite_ref-p168_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p168-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New higher outside walls were built, moats were widened and deepened. The first part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pikk_Hermann" title="Pikk Hermann">Pikk Hermann</a></i> ("Tall Hermann") tower, which tops the Toompea castle, was completed by 1371.<sup id="cite_ref-p168_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p168-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pikk Hermann</i> was the first tower in Tallinn adjusted for defence in the era of firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the 16th century the tower was rebuilt taller, from the original height of 35 m. The wall of the Great Castle was also fortified with new towers: altogether 14 defence towers (including a gate tower named <i>Clock Tower</i> – the only exit) had been built along its wall by the end of the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estland_parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Estland_parliament.jpg/220px-Estland_parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Estland_parliament.jpg/330px-Estland_parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Estland_parliament.jpg/440px-Estland_parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3234" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption>The front façade of the Estonian Parliament, the <i><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a></i>, is a wing of Toompea Castle built in 1767-1773</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Tallinn,_1810.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Map_of_Tallinn%2C_1810.jpg/220px-Map_of_Tallinn%2C_1810.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Map_of_Tallinn%2C_1810.jpg/330px-Map_of_Tallinn%2C_1810.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Map_of_Tallinn%2C_1810.jpg/440px-Map_of_Tallinn%2C_1810.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1403" /></a><figcaption>An early 19th century map showing the border between the territories of Toompea and the Lower Town</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reval,_general_view,_1890_-_1900_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Reval%2C_general_view%2C_1890_-_1900_crop.jpg/220px-Reval%2C_general_view%2C_1890_-_1900_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Reval%2C_general_view%2C_1890_-_1900_crop.jpg/330px-Reval%2C_general_view%2C_1890_-_1900_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Reval%2C_general_view%2C_1890_-_1900_crop.jpg/440px-Reval%2C_general_view%2C_1890_-_1900_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="1406" /></a><figcaption>View of Toompea from the north, end of 19th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG/220px-Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG/330px-Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG/440px-Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2326" data-file-height="1861" /></a><figcaption>The Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Tallinn" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallinn">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a> built in 1894-1900.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kingdom of Sweden conquered northern Estonia in 1561, and held it until the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>, when Tallinn was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia in 1710. When Tallinn capitulated to <a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV_of_Sweden" title="Eric XIV of Sweden">Eric XIV of Sweden</a> in 1561, the king decided not to change the <i>status quo</i> in the relations between Toompea and Lower Town.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toompea, as a separate town (<i><b>Dom zu Reval</b></i>) under its own administration was able to retain a variety of special rights and privileges, the last of which remained in the books until 1889. Toompea was joined with Tallinn (Lower Town) as late as in 1878, when during the period of <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> the previous laws governing the two towns were replaced with Russian administrative law.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two parts of the town were also united for a brief period in 1785-1796.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toompea and the Lower Town had been united into a single police district in 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particular <a href="/wiki/Private_law" title="Private law">private law</a> was in force for Toompea until 1944. </p><p>In 1684, Toompea suffered the most devastating fire of its history. Toompea had been affected by earlier fires in 1288, 1433, 1553 and 1581, but the fire of 1684 was much larger in scale, destroying most of the buildings in the Great Castle, including the cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Small Castle escaped of the fire intact. The fires are one cause why Toompea looks architecturally different and newer from the Lower Town.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the end of 17th century several plans were made to strengthen the fortifications of Toompea and Tallinn with <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">earthworks</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastions</a>. Although a design by <a href="/wiki/Erik_Dahlbergh" title="Erik Dahlbergh">Erik Dahlbergh</a> was approved in 1686, construction was slow due to financial difficulties and by the start of the Great Northern War only two bastions had been completed around Toompea as intended - the Swedish Bastion and the <a href="/wiki/Ingermanland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingermanland">Ingermanland</a> Bastion, both protecting Toompea from the south.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Great Northern War and the conquest of Estonia by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, the first half of the 18th century was a period of general neglect for Toompea and also for the castle, which fell into disuse for several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation changed in the second half of the 18th century: in 1767-1773 the east wing of the castle was completely rebuilt into an administrative building of the <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia" title="Governorate of Estonia">Governorate of Estonia</a> by the orders of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For constructing the building the southeastern tower of the castle (<i>Stür den Kerl</i>) was demolished as were the moats filled in; together with it the outer ward of the castles was designed into a square (the Castle Square, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <i lang="et">Lossi plats</i>). The building resembled an aristocratic palace, which prompted the castle acquiring an alternate name: Toompea Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Stenbock House, one of the most remarkable buildings on the northern ledge of the Toompea, was also built in the same period - the intended court house was probably completed by 1792.<sup id="cite_ref-valitsus_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valitsus-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tallinn was removed from the list of fortified towns of the Russian Empire in 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed three new roads to be built from the southern end of Toompea over the previous defence structures: the Falgi Road, built in 1856–1857, led to the west to Paldiski Highway, the Toompea Street (1860–1861) led south to <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B5nism%C3%A4gi" title="Tõnismägi">Tõnismägi</a> and the Komandandi Street led to the east, close to Harju Gate, where the <a href="/wiki/Independence_War_Victory_Column" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence War Victory Column">Independence War Victory Column</a> stands today.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The general look of Toompea changed greatly when the architecturally completely different Russian Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Tallinn" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallinn">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a> was built in 1894-1900.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cathedral, situated on the Castle Square in front of the Toompea Palace, was erected during the period of Russification as a symbol of the czarist rule and Russian dominance. Due to its very prominent location and an immediately recognizable <a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russian style</a> the cathedral garnered opposition already during the time it was built and in the end of the 1920s and 1930s, in the independent <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a>, there were even proposals to demolish it.<sup id="cite_ref-ulm_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ulm-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903, when the Patkuli stairs were built near the northern end of the hill, Toompea got a new access from the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Balti_jaam" class="mw-redirect" title="Balti jaam">main railway station</a> of Tallinn.<sup id="cite_ref-epl_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epl-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toompea_today">Toompea today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toompea today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stenbocki_maja_30-04-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stenbocki_maja_30-04-2013.jpg/220px-Stenbocki_maja_30-04-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stenbocki_maja_30-04-2013.jpg/330px-Stenbocki_maja_30-04-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stenbocki_maja_30-04-2013.jpg/440px-Stenbocki_maja_30-04-2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9020" data-file-height="4328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stenbock_House" title="Stenbock House">Stenbock House</a>, seat of the Estonian Government</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tallinn_old_city_and_sea_view_two_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tallinn_old_city_and_sea_view_two_crop.jpg/220px-Tallinn_old_city_and_sea_view_two_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tallinn_old_city_and_sea_view_two_crop.jpg/330px-Tallinn_old_city_and_sea_view_two_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tallinn_old_city_and_sea_view_two_crop.jpg/440px-Tallinn_old_city_and_sea_view_two_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="1529" /></a><figcaption>View of Toompea hill from the tower of <a href="/wiki/St._Olaf%27s_church,_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Olaf's church, Tallinn">St. Olaf's church</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The much-rebuilt Toompea Castle – consisting of the czarist era governor's palace, walls and towers of the medieval fortress, the expressionist parliament building dating from 1922, plus a few other buildings – now houses the <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Estonian Parliament</a>. The facade of the classicist governor's palace dominates <i>Lossi plats</i> ("Castle square"), where the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Tallinn" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallinn">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a> overtops it. The cathedral, nowadays the main church of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_Moscow_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate">Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate</a>, has become for tourists somewhat of a symbol of Tallinn due to its exotic look, while the opinion of Estonians about it is rather ambiguous.<sup id="cite_ref-veidemann_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veidemann-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> Cathedral (<i><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral_of_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Cathedral of Tallinn">Toomkirik</a></i>) from which the name Toompea was originally derived, is now the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church</a> and has perhaps best retained a medieval look among the buildings of Toompea.<sup id="cite_ref-p42-43_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p42-43-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the buildings in Toompea date from the 18th and 19th centuries. While the Small Castle has generally preserved its shape, nothing but a few fragments remain of the Great Castle's walls and towers.<sup id="cite_ref-p42-43_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p42-43-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other notable sites in Toompea include the building of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Estonia" title="Government of Estonia">Government of Estonia</a> (also known as "The Stenbock House") and the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Knighthood_House" title="Estonian Knighthood House">building of the Estonian Knighthood</a>, which in 1992-2005 housed the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Art Museum">Estonian Art Museum</a> and since 2009 is temporarily used by the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Estonian Academy of Arts">Estonian Academy of Arts</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Sciences">Estonian Academy of Sciences</a> is also seated in Toompea, in the <a href="/wiki/Ungern-Sternberg" title="Ungern-Sternberg">Ungern-Sternberg</a> palace (seat of the local <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">German</a> cultural self-government in the interwar period). </p><p>Toompea is also the location of several foreign embassies to Estonia, including those of Finland, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the office of the embassy of Canada. </p><p>There are several viewing platforms in Toompea offering good views of the surrounding city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_and_topography">Geology and topography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology and topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toompea is a <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> hill covered by an oblong tableland which measures about 400 by 250 metres, has an area of 7 hectares (17 acres), and is about 20–30 metres higher than the surrounding areas. Geologically Toompea is associated with the North Estonian Klint (itself a subsection of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Klint" title="Baltic Klint">Baltic Klint</a>). A separate relic klint island, Toompea lies about 1.5 km northwest of the North Estonian Limestone Plateau.<sup id="cite_ref-envir.ee_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envir.ee-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plateau and Toompea are connected with a gently sloped sandstone ridge. From the east, north and west Toompea is bordered for 1.5 km by a cliff with a height of up to 25 m. The southern slope of the hill descends more gently. The upper layer of the hill consists of <a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> limestone (thickness about 5 m<sup id="cite_ref-bggm_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bggm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), which is also the main rock exposed at the cliff. However, most of the cliff face has been hidden behind a protective wall and only a few outcrops are left.<sup id="cite_ref-nolvak_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nolvak-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In Estonian mythology Toompea is known as the <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a> mound over the grave of <a href="/wiki/Kalev_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalev (mythology)">Kalev</a>, erected in his memory by his grieving wife <a href="/wiki/Linda_(Estonian_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda (Estonian mythology)">Linda</a>, as described in the national epic <i><a href="/wiki/Kalevipoeg" title="Kalevipoeg">Kalevipoeg</a></i>: </p><blockquote><p>Linda mourned for Kalev for one month after another till three months had passed, and the fourth was far advanced. She heaped a cairn of stones over his tomb, which formed the hill on which the Cathedral of Revel now stands.<sup> English translation by <a href="/wiki/William_Forsell_Kirby" title="William Forsell Kirby">W.F. Kirby</a>, 1895</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-gutenberg_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutenberg-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toompea_Castle" title="Toompea Castle">Toompea Castle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-riigikogu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riigikogu.ee/index.php?rep_id=48445">"History of the Riigikogu. Toompea Castle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Riigikogu.+Toompea+Castle&rft.pub=Riigikogu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riigikogu.ee%2Findex.php%3Frep_id%3D48445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiljan2004">Miljan 2004</a>, p. 474</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiljan2004">Miljan 2004</a>, p. 373</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-envir.ee-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-envir.ee_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-envir.ee_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130106125618/http://www.envir.ee/klint/eng/13.html">"Tallinn Klint"</a>. <i>North Estonian Klint - as a symbol of Estonian nature</i>. Estonian Ministry of the Environment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.envir.ee/klint/eng/13.html">the original</a> on 6 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Estonian+Klint+-+as+a+symbol+of+Estonian+nature&rft.atitle=Tallinn+Klint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.envir.ee%2Fklint%2Feng%2F13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bggm-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bggm_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bggm_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsakar2003" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Isakar, Mare (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609203445/http://www.ut.ee/BGGM/vaatamis/toompea.html">"Toompea aluspõhjakõrgendik"</a> (in Estonian). Museum of Geology of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ut.ee/BGGM/vaatamis/toompea.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toompea+alusp%C3%B5hjak%C3%B5rgendik&rft.pub=Museum+of+Geology+of+the+University+of+Tartu&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Isakar&rft.aufirst=Mare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ut.ee%2FBGGM%2Fvaatamis%2Ftoompea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-horisont-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-horisont_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horisont.ee/node/1188">"Vabaduse väljak. Eesti mahukaim arheoloogiline uurimisobjekt"</a>. <i>Horisont</i> (in Estonian) (5). 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Horisont&rft.atitle=Vabaduse+v%C3%A4ljak.+Eesti+mahukaim+arheoloogiline+uurimisobjekt&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horisont.ee%2Fnode%2F1188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tlpa-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tlpa_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tlpa_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100204040848/http://tpr.tallinn.ee/tpr/">"Map of Tallinn"</a> (in Estonian). Tallinn City Planning Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tpr.tallinn.ee/tpr/">the original</a> on 4 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Tallinn&rft.pub=Tallinn+City+Planning+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftpr.tallinn.ee%2Ftpr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLang2007">Lang 2007</a>, p. 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, pp. 34–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p186-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p186_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p186_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p186_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTõnisson2008">Tõnisson 2008</a>, pp. 185–186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullat1976">Pullat 1976</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p85-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p85_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p85_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullat1976">Pullat 1976</a>, p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p168-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p168_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p168_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullat1976">Pullat 1976</a>, pp. 168–169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZobel2008">Zobel 2008</a>, p. 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaisteVohli1996">Maiste & Vohli 1996</a>, pp. 70–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiljan2004">Miljan 2004</a>, pp. 461–462</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullat1976">Pullat 1976</a>, p. 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullat1976">Pullat 1976</a>, p. 311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruns1993">Bruns 1993</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullat1976">Pullat 1976</a>, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p73-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p73_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p73_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaisteVohli1996">Maiste & Vohli 1996</a>, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullat1976">Pullat 1976</a>, p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valitsus-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-valitsus_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riigikantselei.ee/?id=1587">"The Stenbock House"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eesti+P%C3%A4evaleht&rft.atitle=Kogu+Toompea+tugim%C3%BC%C3%BCr+on+renoveeritud&rft.date=2001-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epl.ee%2Fartikkel%2F177402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-veidemann-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-veidemann_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeidemann2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Veidemann, Rein (2005-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130106140901/http://www.postimees.ee/120705/esileht/arvamus/171094_print.php">"Nevski katedraal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Postimees" title="Postimees">Postimees</a></i> (in Estonian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postimees.ee/120705/esileht/arvamus/171094_print.php">the original</a> on January 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postimees&rft.atitle=Nevski+katedraal&rft.date=2005-07-12&rft.aulast=Veidemann&rft.aufirst=Rein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postimees.ee%2F120705%2Fesileht%2Farvamus%2F171094_print.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2007">Taylor 2007</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p42-43-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p42-43_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p42-43_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruns1993">Bruns 1993</a>, pp. 42–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nolvak-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nolvak_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNõlvak2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nõlvak, Jaak (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loodusajakiri.ee/eesti_loodus/artikkel1128_1123.html">"Tallinn Mustkivi ja Mustakivi vahel"</a>. <i>Eesti Loodus</i> (in Estonian) (6).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eesti+Loodus&rft.atitle=Tallinn+Mustkivi+ja+Mustakivi+vahel&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=N%C3%B5lvak&rft.aufirst=Jaak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loodusajakiri.ee%2Feesti_loodus%2Fartikkel1128_1123.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gutenberg-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gutenberg_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Forsell_Kirby" title="William Forsell Kirby">Kirby, William Forsell</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19438/19438-h/volume1.html#Page_18"><i>The Hero of Esthonia and Other Studies in the Romantic Literature of That Country</i></a>. London: John C. Nimmo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hero+of+Esthonia+and+Other+Studies+in+the+Romantic+Literature+of+That+Country&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+C.+Nimmo&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=William+Forsell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F19438%2F19438-h%2Fvolume1.html%23Page_18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruns1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Bruns" title="Dmitri Bruns">Bruns, Dmitri</a> (1993). <i>Tallinn : linnaehituslik kujunemine</i> (in Estonian). Tallinn: Valgus. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-440-01328-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-440-01328-8"><bdi>5-440-01328-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tallinn+%3A+linnaehituslik+kujunemine&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Valgus&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=5-440-01328-8&rft.aulast=Bruns&rft.aufirst=Dmitri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lang, Valter (2007). <i>Baltimaade pronksi- ja rauaaeg [The Bronze and Iron Age in the Baltics]</i> (in Estonian). Tartu: <a href="/wiki/Tartu_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu University Press">Tartu University Press</a>. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9949-11-525-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9949-11-525-9"><bdi>978-9949-11-525-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltimaade+pronksi-+ja+rauaaeg+%5BThe+Bronze+and+Iron+Age+in+the+Baltics%5D&rft.place=Tartu&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Tartu+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9949-11-525-9&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Valter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaisteVohli1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maiste, Juhan; Vohli, Silja (1996). "Toompea uusaegsest topograafiast [On the topography of Toompea in the modern era]". In Pullat, Raimo (ed.). <i>Vana Tallinn VI (X)</i> (in Estonian). Tallinn: Estopol.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Toompea+uusaegsest+topograafiast+%5BOn+the+topography+of+Toompea+in+the+modern+era%5D&rft.btitle=Vana+Tallinn+VI+%28X%29&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=Estopol&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Maiste&rft.aufirst=Juhan&rft.au=Vohli%2C+Silja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiljan2004" class="citation book cs1">Miljan, Toivo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XKWRct15XfkC"><i>Historical dictionary of Estonia</i></a>. Oxford: Scarecrow Press. p. 558. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4904-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4904-6"><bdi>0-8108-4904-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=558&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8108-4904-6&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXKWRct15XfkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullat1976" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pullat, Raimo, ed. (1976). <i>Tallinna ajalugu 1860-ndate aastateni [The History of Tallinn until the 1860s]</i> (in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Raamat. p. 430.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tallinna+ajalugu+1860-ndate+aastateni+%5BThe+History+of+Tallinn+until+the+1860s%5D&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=430&rft.pub=Eesti+Raamat&rft.date=1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2007" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Neil (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/estonia5th00neil"><i>Estonia</i></a></span> (5 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Chalfont_St_Peter" title="Chalfont St Peter">Chalfont St Peter</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bradt_Travel_Guides" title="Bradt Travel Guides">Bradt Travel Guides</a>. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841621944" title="Special:BookSources/9781841621944"><bdi>9781841621944</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia&rft.place=Chalfont+St+Peter&rft.pages=288&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781841621944&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festonia5th00neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTõnisson2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tõnisson, Evald (2008). <i>Eesti muinaslinnad [Prehistoric strongholds of Estonia]</i>. Muinasaja teadus (in Estonian). Vol. 20. Tartu: <a href="/wiki/Tartu_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu University">Tartu University</a>. p. 357. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9985-4-0538-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9985-4-0538-3"><bdi>978-9985-4-0538-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+muinaslinnad+%5BPrehistoric+strongholds+of+Estonia%5D&rft.place=Tartu&rft.series=Muinasaja+teadus&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=Tartu+University&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9985-4-0538-3&rft.aulast=T%C3%B5nisson&rft.aufirst=Evald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZobel2008" class="citation book cs1">Zobel, Rein (2008). <i>Tallinn (Reval) in the middle ages : town building in the 13th-14th centuries</i>. Tallinn: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Estonian Academy of Arts">Estonian Academy of Arts</a>. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9985-9841-4-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9985-9841-4-7"><bdi>978-9985-9841-4-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tallinn+%28Reval%29+in+the+middle+ages+%3A+town+building+in+the+13th-14th+centuries&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Estonian+Academy+of+Arts&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9985-9841-4-7&rft.aulast=Zobel&rft.aufirst=Rein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToompea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toompea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Toompea&params=59_26_13_N_24_44_24_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°26′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°44′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.43694°N 24.74000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.43694; 24.74000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tallinn_landmarks" title="Template:Tallinn landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tallinn_landmarks" title="Template talk:Tallinn landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tallinn_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tallinn landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="26px&#124;Flag_of_Tallinn_Tallinn_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tallinn.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tallinn"><img alt="Flag of Tallinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Tallinn.svg/26px-Flag_of_Tallinn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Tallinn.svg/39px-Flag_of_Tallinn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Tallinn.svg/52px-Flag_of_Tallinn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and <br />structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toompea_Castle" title="Toompea Castle">Toompea Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Town_Hall" title="Tallinn Town Hall">Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Thomas" title="Old Thomas">Old Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiek_in_de_K%C3%B6k,_Tallinn" title="Kiek in de Kök, Tallinn">Kiek in de Kök</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn">St Mary's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Olaf%27s_church,_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Olaf's church, Tallinn">St. Olaf's church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Church,_Tallinn" title="St. Nicholas Church, Tallinn">St. Nicholas Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Ghost,_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Holy Ghost, Tallinn">Church of the Holy Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Tallinn" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallinn">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Monastery,_Tallinn" title="St. Catherine's Monastery, Tallinn">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raeapteek" title="Raeapteek">Town Hall Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Guild,_Tallinn" title="Great Guild, Tallinn">Great Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikk_Hermann" title="Pikk Hermann">Pikk Hermann tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Knighthood_House" title="Estonian Knighthood House">Knighthood House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenbock_House" title="Stenbock House">Stenbock House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadriorg_Palace" title="Kadriorg Palace">Kadriorg Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_(Tallinn)" title="Presidential Palace (Tallinn)">Presidential Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirita_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirita Monastery">Pirita Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glehn_Castle" title="Glehn Castle">Glehn Castle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Observatory" title="Tallinn Observatory">Tallinn Observatory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maarjam%C3%A4e_Manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Maarjamäe Manor">Maarjamäe Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maarjam%C3%A4e_Memorial" title="Maarjamäe Memorial">Maarjamäe Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_TV_Tower" title="Tallinn TV Tower">TV Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linnahall" title="Linnahall">Linnahall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patarei_Sea_Fortress-Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Patarei Sea Fortress-Prison">Patarei Sea Fortress-Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Independence_Victory_Column" title="War of Independence Victory Column">Independence War Victory Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Soldier_of_Tallinn" title="Bronze Soldier of Tallinn">Bronze Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Leroux_Monument" title="Charles Leroux Monument">Charles Leroux Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russalka_Memorial" title="Russalka Memorial">Russalka Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raekoja_plats,_Tallinn" title="Raekoja plats, Tallinn">Raekoja plats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square,_Tallinn" title="Freedom Square, Tallinn">Freedom Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Tallinn" title="Walls of Tallinn">Walls of Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Blackheads_(Tallinn)" title="House of the Blackheads (Tallinn)">House of the Brotherhood of Blackheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Synagogue" title="Tallinn Synagogue">Tallinn Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precincts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanalinn" title="Vanalinn">Historic Centre</a> <small>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toompea Hill</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadriorg" title="Kadriorg">Kadriorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamaja" title="Kalamaja">Kalamaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature and <br />parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Zoo" title="Tallinn Zoo">Tallinn Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Botanic_Garden" title="Tallinn Botanic Garden">Tallinn Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_%C3%9Clemiste" title="Lake Ülemiste">Lake Ülemiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Harku" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Harku">Lake Harku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirita_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirita River">Pirita River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegna" title="Aegna">Aegna island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadriorg_Park" title="Kadriorg Park">Kadriorg Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_King%27s_Garden" title="Danish King's Garden">Danish King's Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuti_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanuti Garden">Kanuti Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuberneri_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuberneri Garden">Kuberneri Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komandandi_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Komandandi Garden">Komandandi Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toompark" class="mw-redirect" title="Toompark">Toompark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirvepark" title="Hirvepark">Hirvepark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjum%C3%A4gi" title="Harjumägi">Harjumägi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindam%C3%A4gi" title="Lindamägi">Lindamägi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammsaare_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammsaare Park">Tammsaare Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Garden">Police Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wenruh_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Löwenruh Park">Löwenruh Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glehn_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Glehn Park">Glehn Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri%C3%B6%C3%B6_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jüriöö Park">Jüriöö Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pae_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pae Park">Pae Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillepi_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lillepi Park">Lillepi Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakum%C3%A4e_Coastal_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakumäe Coastal Park">Kakumäe Coastal Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopli_cemetery" title="Kopli cemetery">Kopli cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamaja_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamaja cemetery">Kalamaja cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metsakalmistu" title="Metsakalmistu">Metsakalmistu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirita_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirita Beach">Pirita Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroomi_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroomi Beach">Stroomi Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakum%C3%A4e_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakumäe Beach">Kakumäe Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harku_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Harku Beach">Harku Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikakari_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikakari Beach">Pikakari Beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Museums and <br />galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumu_(museum)" title="Kumu (museum)">Kumu (Art Museum of Estonia main branch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikkel_Museum" title="Mikkel Museum">Mikkel Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Open_Air_Museum" title="Estonian Open Air Museum">Estonian Open Air Museum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kolu_k%C3%B5rts" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolu kõrts">Kolu kõrts</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Maritime_Museum" title="Estonian Maritime Museum">Estonian Maritime Museum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seaplane_Harbour" title="Seaplane Harbour">Seaplane Harbour</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Firefighting_Museum" title="Estonian Firefighting Museum">Estonian Firefighting Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_History_Museum" title="Estonian History Museum">Estonian History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Estonian Museum of Natural History">Estonian Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Health_Museum" title="Estonian Health Museum">Estonian Health Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Theatre_and_Music_Museum" title="Estonian Theatre and Music Museum">Estonian Theatre and Music Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Estonian_Architecture" title="Museum of Estonian Architecture">Museum of Estonian Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Occupations" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Occupations">Museum of Occupations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_Theatre" title="Estonia Theatre">Estonia Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Drama_Theatre" title="Estonian Drama Theatre">Estonian Drama Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_NO99" title="Theatre NO99">Theatre NO99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Theatre,_Tallinn" title="Russian Theatre, Tallinn">Russian Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Puppet_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Puppet Theatre">Estonian Puppet Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_City_Theatre" title="Tallinn City Theatre">Tallinn City Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Krahl_Theatre" title="Von Krahl Theatre">Von Krahl Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Estonia" title="National Library of Estonia">National Library of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Song_Festival_Grounds" title="Tallinn Song Festival Grounds">Song Festival Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_Factory_Polymer" title="Culture Factory Polymer">Culture Factory Polymer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science and <br />education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University" title="Tallinn University">Tallinn University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University_of_Technology" title="Tallinn University of Technology">Tallinn University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Estonian Academy of Arts">Estonian Academy of Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Music_and_Theatre" title="Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre">Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Security_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Security Sciences">Estonian Academy of Security Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Maritime_Academy" title="Estonian Maritime Academy">Estonian Maritime Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Tallinn University of Applied Sciences">Tallinn University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Business_School" title="Estonian Business School">Estonian Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Sciences">Estonian Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Olympic_Yachting_Centre" title="Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre">Pirita Yachting Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Le_Coq_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Le Coq Arena">A. Le Coq Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadriorg_Stadium" title="Kadriorg Stadium">Kadriorg Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalevi_Keskstaadion" title="Kalevi Keskstaadion">Kalevi Keskstaadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibet_Arena" title="Unibet Arena">Unibet Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalev_Sports_Hall" title="Kalev Sports Hall">Kalev Sports Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondiraba_Ice_Hall" title="Tondiraba Ice Hall">Tondiraba Ice Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirita_Velodrome" title="Pirita Velodrome">Pirita Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustam%C3%A4e_Ski_Jumping_Hill" title="Mustamäe Ski Jumping Hill">Mustamäe Ski Jumping Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Hippodrome" title="Tallinn Hippodrome">Tallinn Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirita-Kose-Kloostrimetsa_Circuit" title="Pirita-Kose-Kloostrimetsa Circuit">Pirita-Kose-Kloostrimetsa Circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tallinn" title="Port of Tallinn">Port of Tallinn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_Harbour" title="Old City Harbour">Old City Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paljassaare_Harbour" title="Paljassaare Harbour">Paljassaare Harbour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekker_Port" title="Bekker Port">Bekker Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Airport" title="Tallinn Airport">Tallinn Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Baltic_Station" title="Tallinn Baltic Station">Tallinn Baltic Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_bus_station" title="Tallinn bus station">Tallinn bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinna_Linnatranspordi_AS" title="Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS">Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Song_Festival" title="Estonian Song Festival">Estonian Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Dance_Festival" title="Estonian Dance Festival">Estonian Dance Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Black_Nights_Film_Festival" title="Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival">Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Old_Town_Days" title="Tallinn Old Town Days">Tallinn Old Town Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Marathon" title="Tallinn Marathon">Tallinn Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Music_Week" title="Tallinn Music Week">Tallinn Music Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Christmas_Market" title="Tallinn Christmas Market">Tallinn Christmas Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%95llesummer" title="Õllesummer">Õllesummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Legends" title="Tallinn Legends">Tallinn Legends</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171196#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171196#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171196#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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