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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the US federal agency. For the radioisotope <sup>18</sup>F, see <a href="/wiki/Fluorine-18" title="Fluorine-18">fluorine-18</a>. For the demonstration, see <a href="/wiki/18F_(demonstration)" title="18F (demonstration)">18F (demonstration)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>18F</b> is a digital services agency within the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">Technology Transformation Services</a> department of the General Services Administration (GSA) of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a>. Their purpose is to deliver digital services and technology products.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18F_2016_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/18F_2016_logo.svg/150px-18F_2016_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/18F_2016_logo.svg/225px-18F_2016_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/18F_2016_logo.svg/300px-18F_2016_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">March 19, 2014<span class="noprint">; 10 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2014-03-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Services_Administration_Building" title="United States General Services Administration Building">General Services Administration Building</a><br>1800 F Street NW<br><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">99 (6/17/2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration (GSA)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://18f.gsa.gov/">18f<wbr></wbr>.gsa<wbr></wbr>.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=18F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>18F is an office of federal employees within the General Services Administration (GSA) that collaborates with other agencies to improve the user experience of government services by helping them build and buy technology. The group works with government organizations to define a strategy and work towards a solution for their modernization efforts. 18F uses agile and lean methodologies, open source code, and user centered design approaches. 18F was co-founded on March 19, 2014 by former <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Innovation_Fellows" title="Presidential Innovation Fellows">Presidential Innovation Fellows</a> Greg Godbout, Aaron Snow, and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Hartley" title="Hillary Hartley">Hillary Hartley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its name refers to its office location in northwest Washington, D.C., on 18th and F Streets. 18F is within Technology Transformation Services, part of the Federal Acquisition Service. In addition to its Washington, D.C office, the agency has offices in New York, San Francisco, and Chicago. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=18F&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In March 2014, a group of Presidential Innovation Fellows started 18F to extend their efforts to improve and modernize government technology. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> had created a similar agency in April 2011, <a href="/wiki/Government_Digital_Service" title="Government Digital Service">Government Digital Service</a>, following their own healthcare IT issues,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which saves an estimated $20 million a year over previous methods.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Verge:_new_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Verge:_new-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18F runs on a cost recovery model where client agencies reimburse the digital agency for its work.<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their operation is closer to a traditional business than government organizations like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_Services_Innovation_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital Services Innovation Center (page does not exist)">Digital Services Innovation Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>18F's creation was announced by GSA Administrator <a href="/wiki/Dan_Tangherlini" title="Dan Tangherlini">Dan Tangherlini</a> on March 19, 2014 with a mission to simplify the government's digital services,<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no project-specific directive.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Verge:_new_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Verge:_new-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency started with 15 employees, including 11 former <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Innovation_Fellows" title="Presidential Innovation Fellows">Presidential Innovation Fellows</a> from both the private and public sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The staff previously worked in <a href="/wiki/Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">front and backend development</a>, design and usability, and product management.<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> Adrienne Jeffries reported that the agency released a GSA website code update in a half hour, which would normally take weeks or longer. She added that the team did not appear equipped to handle a rollout similar to that of <a href="/wiki/HealthCare.gov" title="HealthCare.gov">HealthCare.gov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Verge:_new_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Verge:_new-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon its opening, 18F began to host the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Innovation_Fellows" title="Presidential Innovation Fellows">Presidential Innovation Fellows</a> program that had started in May 2012, before 18F's own inception, in the Digital Government Strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An initial list of projects was to be drafted in the months following the agency's creation.<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A possible program called FBOpen, an open source small business and federal contractor interface for bidding on government contracts, was discussed at a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs</a> hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 19, 2015, 18F and collaborators launched <a href="/wiki/Analytics.usa.gov" title="Analytics.usa.gov">analytics.usa.gov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whitehouse_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitehouse-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geekwire_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geekwire-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 12, 2015, the group launched the <a href="/wiki/College_Scorecard" title="College Scorecard">College Scorecard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other projects of 18F have included <a href="/wiki/MyRA" title="MyRA">myRA</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Department of the Treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Every_Kid_in_a_Park" title="Every Kid in a Park">Every Kid in a Park</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>, and MyUSA for the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a>, in addition to redesigned websites for the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">PeaceCorps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a>. All of its projects are <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a>, meaning anyone can review and suggest updates to the code.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of the agency in general and such projects in particular has led to resistance from established government IT firms.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the agency faces the additional challenge of staying fiscally solvent. According to a recent <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">GAO</a> report,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18F is currently spending on average more than $1 million per month more than it recovers. In 2016 alone, the group will receive approximately $33 million for its services, but will spend almost $48 million.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18F is not expected to break even.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following is an update to cost recovery based on FY19 data and was taken from Congressional testimony: "From a FY19 financial standpoint, 18F's net operating loss was approximately $600k, which translated into an improvement of over $5m from FY18. The loss in FY19 was primarily attributable to the loss of approximately $1.3m in revenue during the government shutdown and limited opportunity to offset costs during this period. Billable utilization rates for 18F increased by 6.6% in FY19 from FY18 and was a primary factor in improved profitability." </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=18F&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_technology" title="Civic technology">Civic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Digital_Service" title="United States Digital Service">United States Digital Service</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Digital_Service" title="Government Digital Service">Government Digital Service</a>, for the UK's counterpart</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=18F&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://18f.gsa.gov/">"18F: Digital service delivery | Home"</a>. <i>18f.gsa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=18f.gsa.gov&rft.atitle=18F%3A+Digital+service+delivery+%7C+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F18f.gsa.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtech.com/civic/What-is-18F.html">"What is 18F?"</a>. August 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+18F%3F&rft.date=2016-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtech.com%2Fcivic%2FWhat-is-18F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBracken" class="citation news cs1">Bracken, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2013/10/23/240268497/u-k-official-urges-u-s-government-to-adopt-a-digital-core">"U.K. Official Urges U.S. Government To Adopt A Digital Core"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=U.K.+Official+Urges+U.S.+Government+To+Adopt+A+Digital+Core&rft.aulast=Bracken&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Falltechconsidered%2F2013%2F10%2F23%2F240268497%2Fu-k-official-urges-u-s-government-to-adopt-a-digital-core&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Verge:_new-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Verge:_new_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Verge:_new_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Verge:_new_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffries2014" class="citation web cs1">Jeffries, Adrianne (March 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2014/3/21/5533892/the-government-now-has-a-fast-moving-it-office-modeled-after-a-startup">"The government now has a fast-moving IT office modeled after a startup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+government+now+has+a+fast-moving+IT+office+modeled+after+a+startup&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Adrianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2014%2F3%2F21%2F5533892%2Fthe-government-now-has-a-fast-moving-it-office-modeled-after-a-startup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FNR:_new-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNR:_new_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2014" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Jason (March 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.federalnewsradio.com/445/3586065/GSA-envisions-18F-will-be-the-new-hub-of-digital-innovation">"GSA envisions 18F will be the new hub of digital innovation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_News_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal News Radio">Federal News Radio</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323051438/http://www.federalnewsradio.com/445/3586065/GSA-envisions-18F-will-be-the-new-hub-of-digital-innovation">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+News+Radio&rft.atitle=GSA+envisions+18F+will+be+the+new+hub+of+digital+innovation&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalnewsradio.com%2F445%2F3586065%2FGSA-envisions-18F-will-be-the-new-hub-of-digital-innovation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitehouse-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whitehouse_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/03/19/turning-government-data-better-public-service">"Turning Government Data into Better Public Service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Several+U.S.+government+websites+now+offer+real-time+analytics&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geekwire.com%2F2015%2Fseveral-u-s-government-websites-now-offer-real-time-analytics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gcn.com/articles/2015/03/20/18f-web-analytics.aspx">"Who's online now? 18F builds web analytics dashboard"</a>. GCN. March 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.agilegovleaders.org&rft.atitle=The+history+and+future+of+an+agile+federal+consultancy+%E2%80%93+Agile+Government+Leadership&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agilegovleaders.org%2Fhistory-future-agile-federal-consultancy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-733T">Digital Service Programs: Assessing Results and Coordinating with Chief Information Officers Can Improve Delivery of Federal Projects</a> (Report). 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June 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Digital+Service+Programs%3A+Assessing+Results+and+Coordinating+with+Chief+Information+Officers+Can+Improve+Delivery+of+Federal+Projects&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Accountability+Office&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gao.gov%2Fproducts%2FGAO-16-733T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nextgov.com/cio-briefing/2016/06/18f-tech-team-struggles-balance-its-books-soon-be-released-report-shows/128780/">"EXCLUSIVE: 18F Tech Team Struggles to Cover its Costs, Draft Report Shows"</a>. <i>Nextgov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nextgov&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+18F+Tech+Team+Struggles+to+Cover+its+Costs%2C+Draft+Report+Shows&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nextgov.com%2Fcio-briefing%2F2016%2F06%2F18f-tech-team-struggles-balance-its-books-soon-be-released-report-shows%2F128780%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fcw.com/articles/2016/09/15/gao-digital-services-gunter.aspx">"18F, USDS lack performance and accountability measures"</a>. <i>FCW</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FCW&rft.atitle=18F%2C+USDS+lack+performance+and+accountability+measures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffcw.com%2Farticles%2F2016%2F09%2F15%2Fgao-digital-services-gunter.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A18F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=18F&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> 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