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Luz Ribeiro</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rafael da Luz Ribeiro"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rafael da Luz Ribeiro"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Rafael da Luz Ribeiro"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 207</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rafael da Luz Ribeiro</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Analysis of Genic Expression of Honey Bees Exposed to Sublethal Pesticides Doses Using the Transcriptome Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20de%20Oliveira%20Orsi">Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Astolfi"> Aline Astolfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Diego%20Mendes"> Daniel Diego Mendes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabella%20Cristina%20de%20Castro%20Lippi"> Isabella Cristina de Castro Lippi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaine%20da%20Luz%20Scheffer"> Jaine da Luz Scheffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Souza%20Lima"> Yan Souza Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Lunardi"> Juliana Lunardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovanna%20do%20Padro%20Ribeiro"> Giovanna do Padro Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Moura%20Kadri"> Samir Moura Kadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NECTAR Brazilian group (Center of Education, Science, and Technology in Rational Beekeeping) conducted studies on the pesticides honey bees effects using the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyzes for gene expression studies. In this way, we analyzed the effects of Pyraclostrobin and Fipronil on the honey bees with 21 old-days (forager) in laboratory conditions. For this, frames containing sealed brood were removed from the beehives and maintenance on the stove (32°C and 75% humidity) until the bees were born. So, newly emerged workers were marked on the pronotum with a non-toxic pen and reintroduced into their original hives. After 21 days, 120 marked bees were collected with an entomological forces and immediately stored in Petri dishes, perforated to ensure ventilation, and kept fasted for 3 hours. These honeybees were exposed to food contaminated or not with the sublethal dose of Pyraclostrobin (850 ppb/bee) or Fipronil (2.5 ppb/bee). After four hours of exposure, 15 bees from each treatment were referred to transcriptome analysis. Total RNA analysis was extracted from the brain pools (03 brains per pool) using the TRIzol® reagent protocol according to the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA libraries were constructed, and the FASTQC program was used to check adapter content and assess the quality of raw reads. Differential expression analysis was performed with the DESeq2 package. Genes that had an adjusted value of less than 0.05 were considered to be significantly up-regulated. Regarding the Pyraclostrobin, alterations were observed in the pattern of 17 gene related to of antioxidant system, cellular respiration, glucose metabolism, and regulation of juvenile hormone and the hormone insulin. Glyphosate altered the 10 gene related to the digestive system, exoskeleton composition, vitamin E transport, and antioxidant system. The results indicate that the necessity of studies using the sublethal doses to evaluate the pesticides uses and risks on crops and its effects on the honey bees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beekeeping" title="beekeeping">beekeeping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bees" title=" honey bees"> honey bees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptome" title=" transcriptome"> transcriptome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146544/analysis-of-genic-expression-of-honey-bees-exposed-to-sublethal-pesticides-doses-using-the-transcriptome-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Impacts of Urban Morphologies on Air Pollutants Dispersion in Porto's Urban Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20%20Rafael">Sandra Rafael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Vicente"> Bruno Vicente</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Rodrigues"> Vera Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20%20Borrego"> Carlos Borrego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myriam%20Lopes"> Myriam Lopes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air pollution is an environmental and social issue at different spatial scales, especially in a climate change context, with an expected decrease of air quality. Air pollution is a combination of high emissions and unfavourable weather conditions, where wind speed and wind direction play a key role. The urban design (location and structure of buildings and trees) can both promote the air pollutants dispersion as well as promote their retention within the urban area. Today, most of the urban areas are applying measures to adapt to future extreme climatic events. Most of these measures are grounded on nature-based solutions, namely green roofs and green areas. In this sense, studies are required to evaluate how the implementation of these actions will influence the wind flow within the urban area and, consequently, how this will influence air pollutants' dispersion. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of a set of urban morphologies in the wind conditions and in the dispersion of air pollutants, in a built-up area in Portugal. For that, two pollutants were analysed (NOx and PM10) and four scenarios were developed: i) a baseline scenario, which characterizes the current status of the study area, ii) an urban green scenario, which implies the implementation of a green area inside the domain, iii) a green roof scenario, which consists in the implementation of green roofs in a specific area of the domain; iv) a 'grey' scenario, which consists in a scenario with absence of vegetation. For that, two models were used, namely the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and the CFD model VADIS (pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere under variable wind conditions). The WRF model was used to initialize the CFD model, while the last was used to perform the set of numerical simulations, on an hourly basis. The implementation of the green urban area promoted a reduction of air pollutants' concentrations, 16% on average, related to the increase in the wind flow, which promotes air pollutants dispersion; while the application of green roofs showed an increase of concentrations (reaching 60% during specific time periods). Overall the results showed that a strategic placement of vegetation in cities has the potential to make an important contribution to increase air pollutants dispersion and so promote the improvement of air quality and sustainability of urban environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollutants%20dispersion" title="air pollutants dispersion">air pollutants dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20conditions" title=" wind conditions"> wind conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20morphologies" title=" urban morphologies"> urban morphologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20traffic%20emissions" title=" road traffic emissions"> road traffic emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80540/impacts-of-urban-morphologies-on-air-pollutants-dispersion-in-portos-urban-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Crowdsensing Project in the Brazilian Municipality of Florianópolis for the Number of Visitors Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Roberto%20De%20Rolt">Carlos Roberto De Rolt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20da%20Silva%20Dias"> Julio da Silva Dias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Tezza"> Rafael Tezza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Foschini"> Luca Foschini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Mura"> Matteo Mura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The seasonal population fluctuation presents a challenge to touristic cities since the number of inhabitants can double according to the season. The aim of this work is to develop a model that correlates the waste collected with the population of the city and also allow cooperation between the inhabitants and the local government. The model allows public managers to evaluate the impact of the seasonal population fluctuation on waste generation and also to improve planning resource utilization throughout the year. The study uses data from the company that collects the garbage in Florianópolis, a Brazilian city that presents the profile of a city that attracts tourists due to numerous beaches and warm weather. The fluctuations are caused by the number of people that come to the city throughout the year for holidays, summer time vacations or business events. Crowdsensing will be accomplished through smartphones with access to an app for data collection, with voluntary participation of the population. Crowdsensing participants can access information collected in waves for this portal. Crowdsensing represents an innovative and participatory approach which involves the population in gathering information to improve the quality of life. The management of crowdsensing solutions plays an essential role given the complexity to foster collaboration, establish available sensors and collect and process the collected data. Practical implications of this tool described in this paper refer, for example, to the management of seasonal tourism in a large municipality, whose public services are impacted by the floating of the population. Crowdsensing and big data support managers in predicting the arrival, permanence, and movement of people in a given urban area. Also, by linking crowdsourced data to databases from other public service providers - e.g., water, garbage collection, electricity, public transport, telecommunications - it is possible to estimate the floating of the population of an urban area affected by seasonal tourism. This approach supports the municipality in increasing the effectiveness of resource allocation while, at the same time, increasing the quality of the service as perceived by citizens and tourists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dashboards" title=" dashboards"> dashboards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20population" title=" floating population"> floating population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20management%20solutions" title=" urban management solutions"> urban management solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69059/crowdsensing-project-in-the-brazilian-municipality-of-florianopolis-for-the-number-of-visitors-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Circadian Rhythmic Expression of Choroid Plexus Membrane Transport Proteins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Mineiro">Rafael Mineiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Furtado"> André Furtado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Isabel Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cec%C3%ADlia%20Santos"> Cecília Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Telma%20Quintela"> Telma Quintela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. This barrier is highly important for brain protection by physically separating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, controlling the trafficking of molecules, including therapeutic drugs, from blood to the brain. The control is achieved by tight junctions between epithelial cells, membrane receptors and transport proteins from the solute carrier and ATP-binding cassette superfamily on the choroid plexus epithelial cells membrane. Previous research of our group showed a functional molecular clock in the CP. The key findings included a rhythmic expression of Bmal1, Per2, and Cry2 in female rat CP. and a rhythmic expression of Cry2 and Per2 in male rat CP. Furthermore, in cultured rat CP epithelial cells we already showed that 17β-estradiol upregulates the expression of Bmal1 and Per1, where the Per1 and Per2 upregulation was abrogated in the presence of the estrogen receptors antagonist ICI. These findings, together with the fact that the CP produces robust rhythms, prompt us to understand the impact of sex hormones and circadian rhythms in CP drug transporters expression, which is a step towards the development and optimization of therapeutic strategies for efficiently delivering drugs to the brain. For that, we analyzed the circadian rhythmicity of the Abcb1, Abcc2, Abcc4 Abcg2, and Oat3 drug transporters at the CP of male and female rats. This analysis was performed by accessing the gene expression of the mentioned transporters at 4 time points by RT-qPCR and the presence of rhythms was evaluated by the CircWave software. Our findings showed a rhythmic expression of Abcc1 in the CP of male rats, of Abcg2 in female rats, and of Abcc4 and Oat3 in both male and female rats with an almost antiphasic pattern between male and female rats for Abcc4. In conclusion, these findings translated to a functional point of view may account for daily variations in brain permeability for several therapeutic drugs, making our findings important data for the future establishment and development of therapeutic strategies according to daytime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choroid%20plexus" title="choroid plexus">choroid plexus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circadian%20rhythm" title=" circadian rhythm"> circadian rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20transporters" title=" membrane transporters"> membrane transporters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20hormones" title=" sex hormones"> sex hormones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193572/circadian-rhythmic-expression-of-choroid-plexus-membrane-transport-proteins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Ultrastructural Characterization of Lipid Droplets of Rat Hepatocytes after Whole Body 60-Cobalt Gamma Radiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivna%20Moror%C3%B3">Ivna Mororó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lise%20P.%20Lab%C3%A9jof"> Lise P. Labéjof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Ribeiro"> Stephanie Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kely%20Almeida"> Kely Almeida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lipid droplets (LDs) are normally presented in greater or lesser number in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells. They are independent organelles composed of a lipid ester core and a surface phospholipid monolayer. As a lipid storage form, they provide an available source of energy for the cell. Recently it was demonstrated that they play an important role in other many cellular processes. Among the many unresolved questions about them, it is not even known how LDs is formed, how lipids are recruited to LDs and how they interact with the other organelles. Excess fat in the organism is pathological and often associated with the development of some genetic, hormonal or behavioral diseases. The formation and accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm can be increased by exogenous physical or chemical agents. It is well known that ionizing radiation affects lipid metabolism resulting in increased lipogenesis in cells, but the details of this process are unknown. To better understand the mode of formation of LDs in liver cells, we investigate their ultrastructural morphology after irradiation. For that, Wistar rats were exposed to whole body gamma radiation from 60-cobalt at various single doses. Samples of the livers were processed for analysis under a conventional transmission electron microscope. We found that when compared to controls, morphological changes in liver cells were evident at the higher doses of radiation used. It was detected a great number of lipid droplets of different sizes and homogeneous content and some of them merged each other. In some cells, it was observed diffused LDs, not limited by a monolayer of phospholipids. This finding suggests that the phospholipid monolayer of the LDs was disrupted by ionizing radiation exposure that promotes lipid peroxydation of endo membranes. Thus the absence of the phospholipid monolayer may prevent the realization of some cellular activities as follow: - lipid exocytosis which requires the merging of LDs membrane with the plasma membrane; - the interaction of LDs with other membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the golgi and mitochondria and; - lipolysis of lipid esters contained in the LDs which requires the presence of enzymes located in membrane-bound organelles as ER. All these impediments can contribute to lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm and the development of diseases such as liver steatosis, cirrhosis and cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiobiology" title="radiobiology">radiobiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatocytes" title=" hepatocytes"> hepatocytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20metabolism" title=" lipid metabolism"> lipid metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20electron%20microscopy" title=" transmission electron microscopy"> transmission electron microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43603/ultrastructural-characterization-of-lipid-droplets-of-rat-hepatocytes-after-whole-body-60-cobalt-gamma-radiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Transformation of the Institutionality of International Cooperation in Ecuador from 2007 to 2017: 2017: A Case of State Identity Affirmation through Role Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Carolina%20Encalada%20Castillo">Natalia Carolina Encalada Castillo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As part of an intended radical policy change compared to former administrations in Ecuador, the transformation of the institutionality of international cooperation during the period of President Rafael Correa was considered as a key element for the construction of the state of 'Good Living'. This intention led to several regulatory changes in the reception of cooperation for development, and even the departure of some foreign cooperation agencies. Moreover, Ecuador launched the initiative to become a donor of cooperation towards other developing countries through the ‘South-South Cooperation’ approach. All these changes were institutionalized through the Ecuadorian System of International Cooperation as a new framework to establish rules and policies that guarantee a sovereign management of foreign aid. Therefore, this research project has been guided by two questions: What were the factors that motivated the transformation of the institutionality of international cooperation in Ecuador from 2007 to 2017? and, what were the implications of this transformation in terms of the international role of the country? This paper seeks to answer these questions through Role Theory within a Constructivist meta-theoretical perspective, considering that in this case, changes at the institutional level in the field of cooperation, responded not only to material motivations but also to interests built on the basis of a specific state identity. The latter was only possible to affirm through specific roles such as ‘sovereign recipient of cooperation’ as well as ‘donor of international cooperation’. However, the performance of these roles was problematic as they were not easily accepted by the other actors in the international arena or in the domestic level. In terms of methodology, these dynamics are analyzed in a qualitative way mainly through interpretive analysis of the discourse of high-level decision-makers from Ecuador and other cooperation actors. Complementary to this, document-based research of relevant information as well as interviews have been conducted. Finally, it is concluded that even if material factors such as infrastructure needs, trade and investment interests, as well as reinforcement of state control and monitoring of cooperation flows, motivated the institutional transformation of international cooperation in Ecuador; the essential basis of these changes was the search for a new identity for the country to be projected in the international arena. This identity started to be built but continues to be unstable. Therefore, it is important to potentiate the achievements of the new international cooperation policies, and review their weaknesses, so that non-reimbursable cooperation funds received as well as ‘South-South cooperation’ actions, contribute effectively to national objectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20cooperation" title=" international cooperation"> international cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Role%20Theory" title=" Role Theory"> Role Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20identity" title=" state identity"> state identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103623/transformation-of-the-institutionality-of-international-cooperation-in-ecuador-from-2007-to-2017-2017-a-case-of-state-identity-affirmation-through-role-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Courts, Powers And Social Change: A Case Study On The Impacts Of Litigation Of Socioeconomic Rights In Brazil Beyond The Courtroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Bezerra%20de%20Souza">Rafael Bezerra de Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Ribas%20Vieira"> José Ribas Vieira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The judicial litigation on socio-economic rights (SERs), in a context of increasing centrality of the judiciary as an area of political debate for civil society actors, has assumed greater importance in the last two decades. This tendency to seek social change through the courts generated a long tradition of research on the role of legal institutions and of legal mobilization in the US and some European countries. However, little is known about these processes in Latin America, Asia and Africa. A significant portion of the Brazilian constitutional doctrine did not bother to investigate the phenomenon of constitutional judicial litigation of socio-economic rights, in a practical and empirical look, from the functioning of democratic institutions. The central issue of this study draws attention to the theoretical and analytic deficit of Brazilian constitutional doctrine: the lack of a holistic understanding of the effects and impact of judicial decisions. Consequently, for a proper understanding was analyzed if the trend of judicial litigation in Brazil - to ensure the fulfillment of its institutional mission to protect and ensure the effectiveness of socio-economic rights - has been accompanied by the establishment of institutional mechanisms that enable decision making and the implementation of SERs in complex cases involving structural and public policy. The lack of empirical studies in Law in order to verify this hypothesis justified the adoption of the case study method as an interdisciplinary methodological strategy between Law and Political Science, aiming to construct an explanation of the Raposa Serra do Sol Case and, in a complementary way, the process-tracing technique. Drawings of small-n type or case studies, when guided by theory, are more suitable to problems it is supposed to increase the potential of intensive analysis of causal processes. As a preliminary result, the Brazilian Supreme Court was not a sufficient agent to implement a relevant social change and to assure the protection of the social rights, because there were few measures that directly impacted the behavior of other institutional political actors and should, therefore, be considered another actor within a complex institutional arrangement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=courts" title="courts">courts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20litigation" title=" judicial litigation"> judicial litigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20change" title=" social change"> social change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23624/courts-powers-and-social-change-a-case-study-on-the-impacts-of-litigation-of-socioeconomic-rights-in-brazil-beyond-the-courtroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Hidro-IA: An Artificial Intelligent Tool Applied to Optimize the Operation Planning of Hydrothermal Systems with Historical Streamflow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiago%20Ribeiro%20de%20Alencar">Thiago Ribeiro de Alencar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacyro%20Gramulia%20Junior"> Jacyro Gramulia Junior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Teixeira%20Leite"> Patricia Teixeira Leite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The area of the electricity sector that deals with energy needs by the hydroelectric in a coordinated manner is called Operation Planning of Hydrothermal Power Systems (OPHPS). The purpose of this is to find a political operative to provide electrical power to the system in a given period, with reliability and minimal cost. Therefore, it is necessary to determine an optimal schedule of generation for each hydroelectric, each range, so that the system meets the demand reliably, avoiding rationing in years of severe drought, and that minimizes the expected cost of operation during the planning, defining an appropriate strategy for thermal complementation. Several optimization algorithms specifically applied to this problem have been developed and are used. Although providing solutions to various problems encountered, these algorithms have some weaknesses, difficulties in convergence, simplification of the original formulation of the problem, or owing to the complexity of the objective function. An alternative to these challenges is the development of techniques for simulation optimization and more sophisticated and reliable, it can assist the planning of the operation. Thus, this paper presents the development of a computational tool, namely Hydro-IA for solving optimization problem identified and to provide the User an easy handling. Adopted as intelligent optimization technique is Genetic Algorithm (GA) and programming language is Java. First made the modeling of the chromosomes, then implemented the function assessment of the problem and the operators involved, and finally the drafting of the graphical interfaces for access to the User. The results with the Genetic Algorithms were compared with the optimization technique nonlinear programming (NLP). Tests were conducted with seven hydroelectric plants interconnected hydraulically with historical stream flow from 1953 to 1955. The results of comparison between the GA and NLP techniques shows that the cost of operating the GA becomes increasingly smaller than the NLP when the number of hydroelectric plants interconnected increases. The program has managed to relate a coherent performance in problem resolution without the need for simplification of the calculations together with the ease of manipulating the parameters of simulation and visualization of output results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20power%20systems" title=" hydrothermal power systems"> hydrothermal power systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence%20and%20genetic%20algorithms" title=" artificial intelligence and genetic algorithms"> artificial intelligence and genetic algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33891/hidro-ia-an-artificial-intelligent-tool-applied-to-optimize-the-operation-planning-of-hydrothermal-systems-with-historical-streamflow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> A Method to Evaluate and Compare Web Information Extractors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Jim%C3%A9nez">Patricia Jiménez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Corchuelo"> Rafael Corchuelo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20A.%20Sleiman"> Hassan A. Sleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Web mining is gaining importance at an increasing pace. Currently, there are many complementary research topics under this umbrella. Their common theme is that they all focus on applying knowledge discovery techniques to data that is gathered from the Web. Sometimes, these data are relatively easy to gather, chiefly when it comes from server logs. Unfortunately, there are cases in which the data to be mined is the data that is displayed on a web document. In such cases, it is necessary to apply a pre-processing step to first extract the information of interest from the web documents. Such pre-processing steps are performed using so-called information extractors, which are software components that are typically configured by means of rules that are tailored to extracting the information of interest from a web page and structuring it according to a pre-defined schema. Paramount to getting good mining results is that the technique used to extract the source information is exact, which requires to evaluate and compare the different proposals in the literature from an empirical point of view. According to Google Scholar, about 4 200 papers on information extraction have been published during the last decade. Unfortunately, they were not evaluated within a homogeneous framework, which leads to difficulties to compare them empirically. In this paper, we report on an original information extraction evaluation method. Our contribution is three-fold: a) this is the first attempt to provide an evaluation method for proposals that work on semi-structured documents; the little existing work on this topic focuses on proposals that work on free text, which has little to do with extracting information from semi-structured documents. b) It provides a method that relies on statistically sound tests to support the conclusions drawn; the previous work does not provide clear guidelines or recommend statistically sound tests, but rather a survey that collects many features to take into account as well as related work; c) We provide a novel method to compute the performance measures regarding unsupervised proposals; otherwise they would require the intervention of a user to compute them by using the annotations on the evaluation sets and the information extracted. Our contributions will definitely help researchers in this area make sure that they have advanced the state of the art not only conceptually, but from an empirical point of view; it will also help practitioners make informed decisions on which proposal is the most adequate for a particular problem. This conference is a good forum to discuss on our ideas so that we can spread them to help improve the evaluation of information extraction proposals and gather valuable feedback from other researchers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20information%20extractors" title="web information extractors">web information extractors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20extraction%20evaluation%20method" title=" information extraction evaluation method"> information extraction evaluation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google%20scholar" title=" Google scholar"> Google scholar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web" title=" web"> web</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25678/a-method-to-evaluate-and-compare-web-information-extractors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Nutrition, Dental Status and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Underage Refugees in Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marios%20Loucas">Marios Loucas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Loucas"> Rafael Loucas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oliver%20Muensterer"> Oliver Muensterer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of the Study: Over the last two years, there has been a substantial rise of refugees entering Germany, of which approximately one-third are underage. Little is known about the general state of health such as nutrition, dental status and post-traumatic stress disorder among underage refugees. Our study assesses the general health status of underage refugees based on a large sample cohort. Methods: After ethics board approval, we used a structured questionnaire to collect demographic information and health-related elements in 3 large refugee accommodation centers, focusing on nutritional and dental status, as well as symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Main results: A total of 461 minor refugees were included. The majority were boys (54.5%), average age was 8 years. Out of the 8 recorded countries of origin, most children came from Syria (33.6%), followed by Afghanistan (23.2%). Of the participants, 50.3% reported DSM-5 criteria of Posttraumatic stress disorder and presented mental health-related problems. The most frequently reported mental abnormalities were concentration disturbances (15.2%), sleep disorders (6.9%), unclear headaches (5.4%). The majority of the participants showed an unfavorable nutritional and dental status. According to the family, the majority of the children rarely eat healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables and fish. However, the majority of these children (over 90%) consume a large quantity of sugary foods and sweetened drinks such as soft drinks and confectionery at least daily. Caries was found in 63% of the minor children included in the study. A large proportion (47%) reported never brushing their teeth. According to the family, 78.3% of refugee children have never been evaluated by a dentist in Germany. The remainder visited a dentist mainly because of unbearable toothache. Conclusions: Minor refugees have specific psychological, nutritional and dental problems that must be considered in order to ensure appropriate medical care. Posttraumatic stress disorder is mainly caused by physical and emotional trauma suffered either during the flight or in the refugee camp in Germany. These data call for widespread screening of psychological, dental and nutritional problems in underage refugees. Dental care of this cohort is completely inadequate. Nutritional programs should focus on educating the families and providing the means to obtain healthy foods for these children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posttraumatic%20stress%20disorder" title=" posttraumatic stress disorder"> posttraumatic stress disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee" title=" refugee"> refugee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84346/nutrition-dental-status-and-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-among-underage-refugees-in-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> The Emergence of Memory at the Nanoscale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Lopez-Richard">Victor Lopez-Richard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Schio%20Wengenroth%20Silva"> Rafael Schio Wengenroth Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20Hartmann"> Fabian Hartmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Memcomputing is a computational paradigm that combines information processing and storage on the same physical platform. Key elements for this topic are devices with an inherent memory, such as memristors, memcapacitors, and meminductors. Despite the widespread emergence of memory effects in various solid systems, a clear understanding of the basic microscopic mechanisms that trigger them is still a puzzling task. We report basic ingredients of the theory of solid-state transport, intrinsic to a wide range of mechanisms, as sufficient conditions for a memristive response that points to the natural emergence of memory. This emergence should be discernible under an adequate set of driving inputs, as highlighted by our theoretical prediction and general common trends can be thus listed that become a rule and not the exception, with contrasting signatures according to symmetry constraints, either built-in or induced by external factors at the microscopic level. Explicit analytical figures of merit for the memory modulation of the conductance are presented, unveiling very concise and accessible correlations between general intrinsic microscopic parameters such as relaxation times, activation energies, and efficiencies (encountered throughout various fields in Physics) with external drives: voltage pulses, temperature, illumination, etc. These building blocks of memory can be extended to a vast universe of materials and devices, with combinations of parallel and independent transport channels, providing an efficient and unified physical explanation for a wide class of resistive memory devices that have emerged in recent years. Its simplicity and practicality have also allowed a direct correlation with reported experimental observations with the potential of pointing out the optimal driving configurations. The main methodological tools used to combine three quantum transport approaches, Drude-like model, Landauer-Buttiker formalism, and field-effect transistor emulators, with the microscopic characterization of nonequilibrium dynamics. Both qualitative and quantitative agreements with available experimental responses are provided for validating the main hypothesis. This analysis also shades light on the basic universality of complex natural impedances of systems out of equilibrium and might help pave the way for new trends in the area of memory formation as well as in its technological applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memories" title="memories">memories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memdevices" title=" memdevices"> memdevices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memristors" title=" memristors"> memristors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonequilibrium%20states" title=" nonequilibrium states"> nonequilibrium states</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148175/the-emergence-of-memory-at-the-nanoscale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> The Practices of Creative Tourism in Urban and Rural Areas at International Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Freitas">Isabel Freitas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Remoaldo"> Paula Remoaldo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Matos"> Olga Matos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Goja"> Ricardo Goja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Araujo"> Juliana Araujo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitor%20Ribeiro"> Vitor Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Pereira"> Miguel Pereira </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several destinations have been experiencing a transition from a massified cultural tourism to a creative tourism approach. In this new segment of tourism, urban territories have been the focus for several decades. Urban studies on creative industries and initiatives have been taking place in big cities marginalizing small towns and more specifically rural areas. This paper envisages evaluating the differences between rural and urban institutions/platforms, mostly certified by the Creative Tourism Network, in what concerns the practices and initiatives in creative tourism worldwide. In the research carried out between March 2017 and March 2018, we had three levels of primary data and qualitative analysis: i) research on Google (web) by using several keywords like 'creative tourism initiatives', 'creative cities', 'best practices in creative tourism' (from March to August 2017). With the help of the certification of institutions/platforms by the Creative Tourism Network, 24 institutions were found and declared to be developing creative initiatives. It was decided to try to unravel the type of activities and some practices and initiatives carried out by these institutions and the analysis of the differences between rural and urban initiatives. A database of 20 items (e.g., institutions in charge of implementing the initiatives, year of implementation, site, activities developed, place of development, country of origin, type of partners chosen) was created for each institution/platform; ii) A deeper analysis was made on the websites’ information on the institutions (from September to December 2017). The type of professionals involved in the activities, the language used in the activities and the type of activity performed were some of the data analysed and iii) To complement these data, semi-structured interviews were done to representatives of the institutions, conducted mainly by Skype from July 2017 to April 2018. The interviews consisted of 17 questions. In the present paper, these interviews are used to complement the analysis of the same items. Some of the qualitative analysis was supported by the narratives of the leaders of the twenty-four institutions that were surveyed. The results indicate that creative tourism is more active and diverse in urban areas. Some more consolidated communication strategies and partnerships are needed for these activities to become economically more sustainable. The findings of this research provide researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of creative tourism and give some information of how creative tourism is developed in rural and urban areas, the gaps and lack of information, and all the possible directions towards the development of the creative tourism industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20tourism" title="creative tourism">creative tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices%20of%20creative%20tourism" title=" practices of creative tourism"> practices of creative tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101015/the-practices-of-creative-tourism-in-urban-and-rural-areas-at-international-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Dynamic Two-Way FSI Simulation for a Blade of a Small Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Jim%C3%A9nez-Vargas">Alberto Jiménez-Vargas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20de%20Jes%C3%BAs%20Palacios-Gallegos"> Manuel de Jesús Palacios-Gallegos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20%C3%81ngel%20Hern%C3%A1ndez-L%C3%B3pez"> Miguel Ángel Hernández-López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Campos-Amezcua"> Rafael Campos-Amezcua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Cesar%20Sol%C3%ADs-Sanchez"> Julio Cesar Solís-Sanchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An optimal wind turbine blade design must be able of capturing as much energy as possible from the wind source available at the area of interest. Many times, an optimal design means the use of large quantities of material and complicated processes that make the wind turbine more expensive, and therefore, less cost-effective. For the construction and installation of a wind turbine, the blades may cost up to 20% of the outline pricing, and become more important due to they are part of the rotor system that is in charge of transmitting the energy from the wind to the power train, and where the static and dynamic design loads for the whole wind turbine are produced. The aim of this work is the develop of a blade fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation that allows the identification of the major damage zones during the normal production situation, and thus better decisions for design and optimization can be taken. The simulation is a dynamic case, since we have a time-history wind velocity as inlet condition instead of a constant wind velocity. The process begins with the free-use software NuMAD (NREL), to model the blade and assign material properties to the blade, then the 3D model is exported to ANSYS Workbench platform where before setting the FSI system, a modal analysis is made for identification of natural frequencies and modal shapes. FSI analysis is carried out with the two-way technic which begins with a CFD simulation to obtain the pressure distribution on the blade surface, then these results are used as boundary condition for the FEA simulation to obtain the deformation levels for the first time-step. For the second time-step, CFD simulation is reconfigured automatically with the next time-step inlet wind velocity and the deformation results from the previous time-step. The analysis continues the iterative cycle solving time-step by time-step until the entire load case is completed. This work is part of a set of projects that are managed by a national consortium called “CEMIE-Eólico” (Mexican Center in Wind Energy Research), created for strengthen technological and scientific capacities, the promotion of creation of specialized human resources, and to link the academic with private sector in national territory. The analysis belongs to the design of a rotor system for a 5 kW wind turbine design thought to be installed at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blade" title="blade">blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fsi" title=" fsi"> fsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31282/dynamic-two-way-fsi-simulation-for-a-blade-of-a-small-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Technical and Economic Potential of Partial Electrification of Railway Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Martins%20Manzano%20Silva">Rafael Martins Manzano Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Francois%20Tremong"> Jean-Francois Tremong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrification of railway lines allows to increase speed, power, capacity and energetic efficiency of rolling stocks. However, this process of electrification is complex and costly. An electrification project is not just about design of catenary. It also includes installation of structures around electrification, as substation installation, electrical isolation, signalling, telecommunication and civil engineering structures. France has more than 30,000 km of railways, whose only 53% are electrified. The others 47% of railways use diesel locomotive and represent only 10% of the circulation (tons.km). For this reason, a new type of electrification, less expensive than the usual, is requested to enable the modernization of these railways. One solution could be the use of hybrids trains. This technology opens up new opportunities for less expensive infrastructure development such as the partial electrification of railway lines. In a partially electrified railway, the power supply of theses hybrid trains could be made either by the catenary or by the on-board energy storage system (ESS). Thus, the on-board ESS would feed the energetic needs of the train along the non-electrified zones while in electrified zones, the catenary would feed the train and recharge the on-board ESS. This paper’s objective deals with the technical and economic potential identification of partial electrification of railway lines. This study provides different scenarios of electrification by replacing the most expensive places to electrify using on-board ESS. The target is to reduce the cost of new electrification projects, i.e. reduce the cost of electrification infrastructures while not increasing the cost of rolling stocks. In this study, scenarios are constructed in function of the electrification’s cost of each structure. The electrification’s cost varies considerably because of the installation of catenary support in tunnels, bridges and viaducts is much more expensive than in others zones of the railway. These scenarios will be used to describe the power supply system and to choose between the catenary and the on-board energy storage depending on the position of the train on the railway. To identify the influence of each partial electrification scenario in the sizing of the on-board ESS, a model of the railway line and of the rolling stock is developed for a real case. This real case concerns a railway line located in the south of France. The energy consumption and the power demanded at each point of the line for each power supply (catenary or on-board ESS) are provided at the end of the simulation. Finally, the cost of a partial electrification is obtained by adding the civil engineering costs of the zones to be electrified plus the cost of the on-board ESS. The study of the technical and economic potential ends with the identification of the most economically interesting scenario of electrification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrification" title="electrification">electrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway" title=" railway"> railway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77933/technical-and-economic-potential-of-partial-electrification-of-railway-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Reflective Thinking and Experiential Learning – A Quasi-Experimental Quanti-Quali Response to Greater Diversification of Activities, Greater Integration of Student Profiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20S%C3%A9rgio%20Ribeiro%20de%20Ara%C3%BAjo%20Bogas">Paulo Sérgio Ribeiro de Araújo Bogas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although several studies have assumed (at least implicitly) that learners' approaches to learning develop into deeper approaches to higher education, there appears to be no clear theoretical basis for this assumption and no empirical evidence. As a scientific contribution to this discussion, a pedagogical intervention of a quasi-experimental nature was developed, with a mixed methodology, evaluating the intervention within a single curricular unit of Marketing, using cases based on real challenges of brands, business simulation, and customer projects. Primary and secondary experiences were incorporated in the intervention: the primary experiences are the experiential activities themselves; the secondary experiences result from the primary experience, such as reflection and discussion in work teams. A diversified learning relationship was encouraged through the various connections between the different members of the learning community. The present study concludes that in the same context, the student's responses can be described as students who reinforce the initial deep approach, students who maintain the initial deep approach level, and others who change from an emphasis on the deep approach to one closer to superficial. This typology did not always confirm studies reported in the literature, namely, whether the initial level of deep processing would influence the superficial and the opposite. The result of this investigation points to the inclusion of pedagogical and didactic activities that integrate different motivations and initial strategies, leading to the possible adoption of deep approaches to learning since it revealed statistically significant differences in the difference in the scores of the deep/superficial approach and the experiential level. In the case of real challenges, the categories of “attribution of meaning and meaning of studied” and the possibility of “contact with an aspirational context” for their future professional stand out. In this category, the dimensions of autonomy that will be required of them were also revealed when comparing the classroom context of real cases and the future professional context and the impact they may have on the world. Regarding the simulated practice, two categories of response stand out: on the one hand, the motivation associated with the possibility of measuring the results of the decisions taken, an awareness of oneself, and, on the other hand, the additional effort that this practice required for some of the students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiential%20learning" title="experiential learning">experiential learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methods" title=" mixed methods"> mixed methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflective%20learning" title=" reflective learning"> reflective learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149788/reflective-thinking-and-experiential-learning-a-quasi-experimental-quanti-quali-response-to-greater-diversification-of-activities-greater-integration-of-student-profiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> One Year Follow up of Head and Neck Paragangliomas: A Single Center Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cecilia%20Moreira">Cecilia Moreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Paiva"> Rita Paiva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Macedo"> Daniela Macedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonor%20Ribeiro"> Leonor Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Fernandes"> Isabel Fernandes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Costa"> Luis Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Head and neck paragangliomas are a rare group of tumors with a large spectrum of clinical manifestations. The approach to evaluate and treat these lesions has evolved over the last years. Surgery was the standard for the approach of these patients, but nowadays new techniques of imaging and radiation therapy changed that paradigm. Despite advances in treating, the growth potential and clinical outcome of individual cases remain largely unpredictable. Objectives: Characterization of our institutional experience with clinical management of these tumors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients followed in our institution between 01 January and 31 December 2017 with paragangliomas of the head and neck and cranial base. Data on tumor location, catecholamine levels, and specific imaging modalities employed in diagnostic workup, treatment modality, tumor control and recurrence, complications of treatment and hereditary status were collected and summarized. Results: A total of four female patients were followed between 01 January and 31 December 2017 in our institution. The mean age of our cohort was 53 (± 16.1) years. The primary locations were at the level of the tympanic jug (n=2, 50%) and carotid body (n=2, 50%), and only one of the tumors of the carotid body presented pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. None of the lesions were catecholamine-secreting. Two patients underwent genetic testing, with no mutations identified. The initial clinical presentation was variable highlighting the decrease of visual acuity and headache as symptoms present in all patients. In one of the cases, loss of all teeth of the lower jaw was the presenting symptomatology. Observation with serial imaging, surgical extirpation, radiation, and stereotactic radiosurgery were employed as treatment approaches according to anatomical location and resectability of lesions. As post-therapeutic sequels the persistence of tinnitus and disabling pain stands out, presenting one of the patients neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal. Currently, all patients are under regular surveillance with a median follow up of 10 months. Conclusion: Ultimately, clinical management of these tumors remains challenging owing to heterogeneity in clinical presentation, the existence of multiple treatment alternatives, and potential to cause serious detriment to critical functions and consequently interference with the quality of life of the patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20outcomes" title="clinical outcomes">clinical outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20and%20neck" title=" head and neck"> head and neck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paragangliomas" title=" paragangliomas"> paragangliomas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92114/one-year-follow-up-of-head-and-neck-paragangliomas-a-single-center-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Effect of Whey Proteins and Caffeic Acid Interactions on Antioxidant Activity and Protein Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tassia%20Batista%20Pessato">Tassia Batista Pessato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francielli%20Pires%20Ribeiro%20Morais"> Francielli Pires Ribeiro Morais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Guimaraes%20Drummond%20Silva"> Fernanda Guimaraes Drummond Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavia%20Maria%20Netto"> Flavia Maria Netto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proteins and phenolic compounds can interact mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Those interactions may lead to structural changes in both molecules, which in turn could affect positively or negatively their functional and nutritional properties. Here, the structural changes of whey proteins (WPI) due to interaction with caffeic acid (CA) were investigated by intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence. The effects of protein-phenolic compounds interactions on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were also assessed. The WPI-CA complexes were obtained by mixture of WPI and CA stock solutions in deionized water. The complexation was carried out at room temperature during 60 min, using 0.1 M NaOH to adjust pH at 7.0. The WPI concentration was fixed at 5 mg/mL, whereas the CA concentration varied in order to obtain four different WPI:CA molar relations (1:1; 2:1; 5:1; 10:1). WPI and phenolic solutions were used as controls. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the complexes (mainly due to Trp fluorescence emission) were obtained at λex = 280 nm and the emission intensities were measured from 290 to 500 nm. Extrinsic fluorescence was obtained as the measure of protein surface hydrophobicity (S0) using ANS as a fluorescence probe. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and the antioxidant activity by FRAP and ORAC methods. Increasing concentrations of CA resulted in decreasing of WPI intrinsic fluorescence. The emission band of WPI red shifted from 332 to 354 nm as the phenolic concentration increased, which is related to the exposure of Trp residue to the more hydrophilic environment and unfolding of protein structure. In general, the complexes presented lower S0 values than WPI, suggesting that CA hindered ANS binding to hydrophobic sites of WPI. The total phenolic content in the complexes was lower than the sum of two compounds isolated. WPI showed negligible AA measured by FRAP. However, as the relative concentration of CA increased in the complexes, the FRAP values enhanced, indicating that AA measure by this technique comes mainly from CA. In contrast, the WPI ORAC value (82.3 ± 1.5 µM TE/g) suggest that its AA is related to the capacity of H+ transfer. The complexes exhibited no important improvement of AA measured by ORAC in relation to the isolated components, suggesting complexation partially suppressed AA of the compounds. The results hereby presented indicate that interaction of WPI and CA occurred, and this interaction caused a structural change in the proteins. The complexation can either hide or expose antioxidant sites of both components. In conclusion, although the CA can undergo an AA suppression due to the interaction with proteins, the AA of WPI could be enhanced due to protein unfolding and exposure of antioxidant sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20properties" title="bioactive properties">bioactive properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20proteins" title=" milk proteins"> milk proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20acids" title=" phenolic acids"> phenolic acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein-phenolic%20compounds%20complexation" title=" protein-phenolic compounds complexation"> protein-phenolic compounds complexation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57218/effect-of-whey-proteins-and-caffeic-acid-interactions-on-antioxidant-activity-and-protein-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Informational Habits and Ideology as Predictors for Political Efficacy: A Survey Study of the Brazilian Political Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Cardoso%20Alves">Pedro Cardoso Alves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Lucia%20Galinkin"> Ana Lucia Galinkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Carlos%20Ribeiro"> José Carlos Ribeiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Political participation, can be a somewhat tricky subject to define, not in small part due to the constant changes in the concept fruit of the effort to include new forms of participatory behavior that go beyond traditional institutional channels. With the advent of the internet and mobile technologies, defining political participation has become an even more complicated endeavor, given de amplitude of politicized behaviors that are expressed throughout these mediums, be it in the very organization of social movements, in the propagation of politicized texts, videos and images, or in the micropolitical behaviors that are expressed in daily interaction. In fact, the very frontiers that delimit physical and digital spaces have become ever more diluted due to technological advancements, leading to a hybrid existence that is simultaneously physical and digital, not limited, as it once was, to the temporal limitations of classic communications. Moving away from those institutionalized actions of traditional political behavior, an idea of constant and fluid participation, which occurs in our daily lives through conversations, posts, tweets and other digital forms of expression, is discussed. This discussion focuses on the factors that precede more direct forms of political participation, interpreting the relation between informational habits, ideology, and political efficacy. Though some of the informational habits can be considered political participation, by some authors, a distinction is made to establish a logical flow of behaviors leading to participation, that is, one must gather and process information before acting on it. To reach this objective, a quantitative survey is currently being applied in Brazilian social media, evaluating feelings of political efficacy, social and economic issue-based ideological stances and informational habits pertaining to collection, fact-checking, and diversity of sources and ideological positions present in the participant’s political information network. The measure being used for informational habits relies strongly on a mix of information literacy and political sophistication concepts, bringing a more up-to-date understanding of information and knowledge production and processing in contemporary hybrid (physical-digital) environments. Though data is still being collected, preliminary analysis point towards a strong correlation between information habits and political efficacy, while ideology shows a weaker influence over efficacy. Moreover, social ideology and economic ideology seem to have a strong correlation in the sample, such intermingling between social and economic ideals is generally considered a red flag for political polarization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20efficacy" title="political efficacy">political efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20literacy" title=" information literacy"> information literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyberpolitics" title=" cyberpolitics"> cyberpolitics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77079/informational-habits-and-ideology-as-predictors-for-political-efficacy-a-survey-study-of-the-brazilian-political-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Antimicrobial Properties of SEBS Compounds with Copper Microparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanda%20Ferreira%20Ribeiro">Vanda Ferreira Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daiane%20Tomacheski"> Daiane Tomacheski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20Naue%20Sim%C3%B5es"> Douglas Naue Simões</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Pitto"> Michele Pitto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Marlene%20Campomanes%20Santana"> Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor environments, such as car cabins and public transportation vehicles are places where users are subject to air quality. Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts) enter these environments through windows, ventilation systems and may use the organic particles present as a growth substrate. In addition, atmospheric pollutants can act as potential carbon and nitrogen sources for some microorganisms. Compounds base SEBS copolymers, poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene, are a class of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), fully recyclable and largely used in automotive parts. Metals, such as cooper and silver, have biocidal activities and the production of the SEBS compounds by melting blending with these agents can be a good option for producing compounds for use in plastic parts of ventilation systems and automotive air-conditioning, in order to minimize the problems caused by growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In this sense, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of copper microparticles as antimicrobial agent in compositions based on SEBS/PP/oil/calcite. Copper microparticles were used in weight proportion of 0%, 1%, 2% and 4%. The compounds were prepared using a co-rotating double screw extruder (L/D ratio of 40/1 and 16 mm screw diameter). The processing parameters were 300 rpm of screw rotation rate, with a temperature profile between 150 to 190°C. SEBS based TPE compounds were injection molded. The compounds emission were characterized by gravimetric fogging test. Compounds were characterized by physical (density and staining by contact), mechanical (hardness and tension properties) and rheological properties (melt volume rate – MVR). Antibacterial properties were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. To avaluate the abilities toward the fungi have been chosen Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Candida albicans (C. albicans), Cladosporium cladosporioides (C. cladosporioides) and Penicillium chrysogenum (P. chrysogenum). The results of biological tests showed a reduction on bacteria in up to 88% in E.coli and up to 93% in S. aureus. The tests with fungi showed no conclusive results because the sample without copper also demonstrated inhibition of the development of these microorganisms. The copper addition did not cause significant variations in mechanical properties, in the MVR and the emission behavior of the compounds. The density increases with the increment of copper in compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioner" title="air conditioner">air conditioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooper" title=" cooper"> cooper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEBS" title=" SEBS"> SEBS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46861/antimicrobial-properties-of-sebs-compounds-with-copper-microparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Assessment of Pedestrian Comfort in a Portuguese City Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling and Wind Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Vicente">Bruno Vicente</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Rafael"> Sandra Rafael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Rodrigues"> Vera Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Sorte"> Sandra Sorte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Silva"> Sara Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Isabel%20Miranda"> Ana Isabel Miranda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Borrego"> Carlos Borrego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind comfort for pedestrians is an important condition in urban areas. In Portugal, a country with 900 km of coastline, the wind direction are predominantly from Nor-Northwest with an average speed of 2.3 m·s -1 (at 2 m height). As a result, a set of city authorities have been requesting studies of pedestrian wind comfort for new urban areas/buildings, as well as to mitigate wind discomfort issues related to existing structures. This work covers the efficiency evaluation of a set of measures to reduce the wind speed in an outdoor auditorium (open space) located in a coastal Portuguese urban area. These measures include the construction of barriers, placed at upstream and downstream of the auditorium, and the planting of trees, placed upstream of the auditorium. The auditorium is constructed in the form of a porch, aligned with North direction, driving the wind flow within the auditorium, promoting channelling effects and increasing its speed, causing discomfort in the users of this structure. To perform the wind comfort assessment, two approaches were used: i) a set of experiments using the wind tunnel (physical approach), with a representative mock-up of the study area; ii) application of the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model VADIS (numerical approach). Both approaches were used to simulate the baseline scenario and the scenarios considering a set of measures. The physical approach was conducted through a quantitative method, using hot-wire anemometer, and through a qualitative analysis (visualizations), using the laser technology and a fog machine. Both numerical and physical approaches were performed for three different velocities (2, 4 and 6 m·s-1 ) and two different directions (NorNorthwest and South), corresponding to the prevailing wind speed and direction of the study area. The numerical results show an effective reduction (with a maximum value of 80%) of the wind speed inside the auditorium, through the application of the proposed measures. A wind speed reduction in a range of 20% to 40% was obtained around the audience area, for a wind direction from Nor-Northwest. For southern winds, in the audience zone, the wind speed was reduced from 60% to 80%. Despite of that, for southern winds, the design of the barriers generated additional hot spots (high wind speed), namely, in the entrance to the auditorium. Thus, a changing in the location of the entrance would minimize these effects. The results obtained in the wind tunnel compared well with the numerical data, also revealing the high efficiency of the purposed measures (for both wind directions). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20microclimate" title="urban microclimate">urban microclimate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20comfort" title=" pedestrian comfort"> pedestrian comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title=" numerical modelling"> numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20experiments" title=" wind tunnel experiments"> wind tunnel experiments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80322/assessment-of-pedestrian-comfort-in-a-portuguese-city-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-modelling-and-wind-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Instruction Program for Human Factors in Maintenance, Addressed to the People Working in Colombian Air Force Aeronautical Maintenance Area to Strengthen Operational Safety </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Andres%20Rincon%20Barrera">Rafael Andres Rincon Barrera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safety in global aviation plays a preponderant role in organizations that seek to avoid accidents in an attempt to preserve their most precious assets (the people and the machines). Human factors-based programs have shown to be effective in managing human-generated risks. The importance of training on human factors in maintenance has not been indifferent to the Colombian Air Force (COLAF). This research, which has a mixed quantitative, qualitative and descriptive approach, deals with its absence of structuring an instruction program in Human Factors in Aeronautical Maintenance, which serves as a tool to improve Operational Safety in the military air units of the COLAF. Research shows the trends and evolution of human factors programs in aeronautical maintenance through the analysis of a data matrix with 33 sources taken from different databases that are about the incorporation of these types of programs in the aeronautical industry in the last 20 years; as well as the improvements in the operational safety process that are presented after the implementation of these ones. Likewise, it compiles different normative guides in force from world aeronautical authorities for training in these programs, establishing a matrix of methodologies that may be applicable to develop a training program in human factors in maintenance. Subsequently, it illustrates the design, validation, and development of a human factors knowledge measurement instrument for maintenance at the COLAF that includes topics on Human Factors (HF), Safety Management System (SMS), and aeronautical maintenance regulations at the COLAF. With the information obtained, it performs the statistical analysis showing the aspects of knowledge and strengthening the staff for the preparation of the instruction program. Performing data triangulation based on the applicable methods and the weakest aspects found in the maintenance people shows a variable crossing from color coding, thus indicating the contents according to a training program for human factors in aeronautical maintenance, which are adjusted according to the competencies that are expected to be developed with the staff in a curricular format established by the COLAF. Among the most important findings are the determination that different authors are dealing with human factors in maintenance agrees that there is no standard model for its instruction and implementation, but that it must be adapted to the needs of the organization, that the Safety Culture in the Companies which incorporated programs on human factors in maintenance increased, that from the data obtained with the instrument for knowledge measurement of human factors in maintenance, the level of knowledge is MEDIUM-LOW with a score of 61.79%. And finally that there is an opportunity to improve Operational Safety for the COLAF through the implementation of the training program of human factors in maintenance for the technicians working in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colombian%20air%20force" title="Colombian air force">Colombian air force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20factors" title=" human factors"> human factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20culture" title=" safety culture"> safety culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20management%20system" title=" safety management system"> safety management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangulation" title=" triangulation"> triangulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129285/instruction-program-for-human-factors-in-maintenance-addressed-to-the-people-working-in-colombian-air-force-aeronautical-maintenance-area-to-strengthen-operational-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Adults with Trichotillomania: An Evidenced Based Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Sarmento%20de%20Beires">Teresa Sarmento de Beires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Padilha"> Sofia Padilha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Arantes"> Pedro Arantes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joana%20Ribeiro"> Joana Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreia%20Eiras"> Andreia Eiras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Trichotillomania is a psychiatric condition that is very challenging to treat, with no first-line medications approved by any medical agency. It is defined as a recurrent compulsive habit of pulling out one's own hair, usually from the scalp and eyebrows area, but it can also affect eyelashes or any other hair-bearing area. N-acetylcysteine, a glutamate modulator, has been studied as a possible treatment for several psychiatric and neurological disorders, considering its role in attenuating pathophysiological processes responsible for compulsive behaviors and, therefore, trichotillomania. Objective: This study aims to determine the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of adults with trichotillomania. Methodology: The authors researched guidelines, standards of clinical guidance, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials, published in the last 20 years using the MeSH terms: "Trichotillomania” and “N-acetylcysteine” in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane library, National Guideline Clearing House, National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE). The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) Scale, from the American Family Physician, was used to evaluate the level of evidence and assign the strength of recommendation. Results: The research found fifteen articles, among which only three were eligible according to the inclusion criteria: 1. systematic review and 2. meta-analyses. There was evidence of a probable beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine on treatment response and reduction of trichotillomania symptom severity in adults, with moderate certainty in the effect estimate. There was no evidence of effectiveness with the use of inositol, antioxidants, naltrexone, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of adults with trichotillomania. Clomipramine and Olanzapine showed potential treatment benefits, with low certainty. N-acetylcysteine had the least severe side effect profile in adults compared with the other potentially beneficial pharmacological treatments. Conclusion: Evidence points towards the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of adults with trichotillomania, which exhibits a good tolerability profile with minimal adverse effects. Therefore, the authors attribute a level of evidence 2, the strength of recommendation B, to the prescription of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of adults suffering from trichotillomania (SORT analysis). Further investigation is needed in order to extract high-quality conclusions from the meta-analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichotillomania" title="trichotillomania">trichotillomania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hair%20pulling" title=" hair pulling"> hair pulling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-acetylcysteine" title=" n-acetylcysteine"> n-acetylcysteine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156790/effectiveness-of-n-acetylcysteine-in-the-treatment-of-adults-with-trichotillomania-an-evidenced-based-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> An Analysis of LoRa Networks for Rainforest Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Castilho%20Carvalho">Rafael Castilho Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edjair%20de%20Souza%20Mota"> Edjair de Souza Mota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the largest contributor to the biogeochemical functioning of the Earth system, the Amazon Rainforest has the greatest biodiversity on the planet, harboring about 15% of all the world's flora. Recognition and preservation are the focus of research that seeks to mitigate drastic changes, especially anthropic ones, which irreversibly affect this biome. Functional and low-cost monitoring alternatives to reduce these impacts are a priority, such as those using technologies such as Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN). Promising, reliable, secure and with low energy consumption, LPWAN can connect thousands of IoT devices, and in particular, LoRa is considered one of the most successful solutions to facilitate forest monitoring applications. Despite this, the forest environment, in particular the Amazon Rainforest, is a challenge for these technologies, requiring work to identify and validate the use of technology in a real environment. To investigate the feasibility of deploying LPWAN in remote water quality monitoring of rivers in the Amazon Region, a LoRa-based test bed consisting of a Lora transmitter and a LoRa receiver was set up, both parts were implemented with Arduino and the LoRa chip SX1276. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Amazonas, which contains one of the largest urban forests in Brazil. There are several springs inside the forest, and the main goal is to collect water quality parameters and transmit the data through the forest in real time to the gateway at the uni. In all, there are nine water quality parameters of interest. Even with a high collection frequency, the amount of information that must be sent to the gateway is small. However, for this application, the battery of the transmitter device is a concern since, in the real application, the device must run without maintenance for long periods of time. With these constraints in mind, parameters such as Spreading Factor (SF) and Coding Rate (CR), different antenna heights, and distances were tuned to better the connectivity quality, measured with RSSI and loss rate. A handheld spectrum analyzer RF Explorer was used to get the RSSI values. Distances exceeding 200 m have soon proven difficult to establish communication due to the dense foliage and high humidity. The optimal combinations of SF-CR values were 8-5 and 9-5, showing the lowest packet loss rates, 5% and 17%, respectively, with a signal strength of approximately -120 dBm, these being the best settings for this study so far. The rains and climate changes imposed limitations on the equipment, and more tests are already being conducted. Subsequently, the range of the LoRa configuration must be extended using a mesh topology, especially because at least three different collection points in the same water body are required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title="IoT">IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPWAN" title=" LPWAN"> LPWAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LoRa" title=" LoRa"> LoRa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage" title=" coverage"> coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20rate" title=" loss rate"> loss rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165277/an-analysis-of-lora-networks-for-rainforest-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Effect of Accelerated Aging on Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties of SEBS Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20N.%20Simoes">Douglas N. Simoes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Pittol"> Michele Pittol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanda%20F.%20Ribeiro"> Vanda F. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daiane%20Tomacheski"> Daiane Tomacheski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20M.%20C.%20Santana"> Ruth M. C. Santana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) compounds are used in a wide range of applications, like home appliances, automotive components, medical devices, footwear, and others. These materials are susceptible to microbial attack, causing a crack in polymer chains compounds based on SEBS copolymers, poly (styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene, are a class of TPE, largely used in domestic appliances like refrigerator seals (gaskets), bath mats and sink squeegee. Moisture present in some areas (such as shower area and sink) in addition to organic matter provides favorable conditions for microbial survival and proliferation, contributing to the spread of diseases besides the reduction of product life cycle due the biodegradation process. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been studied as an alternative antibacterial additive due its biocidal effect. It is important to know the influence of these additives in the properties of the compounds, both at the beginning and during the life cycle. In that sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging in oven on antibacterial and mechanical properties of ZnO loaded SEBS based TPE compounds. Two different comercial zinc oxide, named as WR and Pe were used in proportion of 1%. A compound with no antimicrobial additive (standard) was also tested. The compounds were prepared using a co-rotating double screw extruder (L/D ratio of 40/1 and 16 mm screw diameter). The extrusion parameters were kept constant for all materials, screw rotation rate was set at 226 rpm, with a temperature profile from 150 to 190 ºC. Test specimens were prepared using the injection molding machine at 190 ºC. The Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids was applied in order to simulate the exposition of TPE samples to detergent ingredients during service. For this purpose, ZnO loaded TPE samples were immersed in a 3.0% w/v detergent (neutral) and accelerated aging in oven at 70°C for 7 days. Compounds were characterized by changes in mechanical (hardness and tension properties) and mass. The Japan Industrial Standard (JIS) Z 2801:2010 was applied to evaluate antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The microbiological tests showed a reduction up to 42% in E. coli and up to 49% in S. aureus population in non-aged samples. There were observed variations in elongation and hardness values with the addition of zinc The changes in tensile at rupture and mass were not significant between non-aged and aged samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20appliance" title=" domestic appliance"> domestic appliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sebs" title=" sebs"> sebs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52003/effect-of-accelerated-aging-on-antibacterial-and-mechanical-properties-of-sebs-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> A Methodology Based on Image Processing and Deep Learning for Automatic Characterization of Graphene Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20do%20Amaral%20Teodoro">Rafael do Amaral Teodoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leandro%20Augusto%20da%20Silva"> Leandro Augusto da Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Originated from graphite, graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material that promises to revolutionize technology in many different areas, such as energy, telecommunications, civil construction, aviation, textile, and medicine. This is possible because its structure, formed by carbon bonds, provides desirable optical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics that are interesting to multiple areas of the market. Thus, several research and development centers are studying different manufacturing methods and material applications of graphene, which are often compromised by the scarcity of more agile and accurate methodologies to characterize the material – that is to determine its composition, shape, size, and the number of layers and crystals. To engage in this search, this study proposes a computational methodology that applies deep learning to identify graphene oxide crystals in order to characterize samples by crystal sizes. To achieve this, a fully convolutional neural network called U-net has been trained to segment SEM graphene oxide images. The segmentation generated by the U-net is fine-tuned with a standard deviation technique by classes, which allows crystals to be distinguished with different labels through an object delimitation algorithm. As a next step, the characteristics of the position, area, perimeter, and lateral measures of each detected crystal are extracted from the images. This information generates a database with the dimensions of the crystals that compose the samples. Finally, graphs are automatically created showing the frequency distributions by area size and perimeter of the crystals. This methodological process resulted in a high capacity of segmentation of graphene oxide crystals, presenting accuracy and F-score equal to 95% and 94%, respectively, over the test set. Such performance demonstrates a high generalization capacity of the method in crystal segmentation, since its performance considers significant changes in image extraction quality. The measurement of non-overlapping crystals presented an average error of 6% for the different measurement metrics, thus suggesting that the model provides a high-performance measurement for non-overlapping segmentations. For overlapping crystals, however, a limitation of the model was identified. To overcome this limitation, it is important to ensure that the samples to be analyzed are properly prepared. This will minimize crystal overlap in the SEM image acquisition and guarantee a lower error in the measurements without greater efforts for data handling. All in all, the method developed is a time optimizer with a high measurement value, considering that it is capable of measuring hundreds of graphene oxide crystals in seconds, saving weeks of manual work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title="characterization">characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title=" nanomaterials"> nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U-net" title=" U-net"> U-net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149600/a-methodology-based-on-image-processing-and-deep-learning-for-automatic-characterization-of-graphene-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Life Cycle Assessment of Todays and Future Electricity Grid Mixes of EU27</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Gantner">Johannes Gantner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Held"> Michael Held</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Horn"> Rafael Horn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Fischer"> Matthias Fischer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015 a global agreement on the reduction of climate change was achieved stating CO₂ reduction targets for all countries. For instance, the EU targets a reduction of 40 percent in emissions by 2030 compared to 1990. In order to achieve this ambitious goal, the environmental performance of the different European electricity grid mixes is crucial. First, the electricity directly needed for everyone’s daily life (e.g. heating, plug load, mobility) and therefore a reduction of the environmental impacts of the electricity grid mix reduces the overall environmental impacts of a country. Secondly, the manufacturing of every product depends on electricity. Thereby a reduction of the environmental impacts of the electricity mix results in a further decrease of environmental impacts of every product. As a result, the implementation of the two-degree goal highly depends on the decarbonization of the European electricity mixes. Currently the production of electricity in the EU27 is based on fossil fuels and therefore bears a high GWP impact per kWh. Due to the importance of the environmental impacts of the electricity mix, not only today but also in future, within the European research projects, CommONEnergy and Senskin, time-dynamic Life Cycle Assessment models for all EU27 countries were set up. As a methodology, a combination of scenario modeling and life cycle assessment according to ISO14040 and ISO14044 was conducted. Based on EU27 trends regarding energy, transport, and buildings, the different national electricity mixes were investigated taking into account future changes such as amount of electricity generated in the country, change in electricity carriers, COP of the power plants and distribution losses, imports and exports. As results, time-dynamic environmental profiles for the electricity mixes of each country and for Europe overall were set up. Thereby for each European country, the decarbonization strategies of the electricity mix are critically investigated in order to identify decisions, that can lead to negative environmental effects, for instance on the reduction of the global warming of the electricity mix. For example, the withdrawal of the nuclear energy program in Germany and at the same time compensation of the missing energy by non-renewable energy carriers like lignite and natural gas is resulting in an increase in global warming potential of electricity grid mix. Just after two years this increase countervailed by the higher share of renewable energy carriers such as wind power and photovoltaic. Finally, as an outlook a first qualitative picture is provided, illustrating from environmental perspective, which country has the highest potential for low-carbon electricity production and therefore how investments in a connected European electricity grid could decrease the environmental impacts of the electricity mix in Europe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20grid%20mixes" title="electricity grid mixes">electricity grid mixes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU27%20countries" title=" EU27 countries"> EU27 countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impacts" title=" environmental impacts"> environmental impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20trends" title=" future trends"> future trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario%20analysis" title=" scenario analysis"> scenario analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78924/life-cycle-assessment-of-todays-and-future-electricity-grid-mixes-of-eu27" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> DIF-JACKET: a Thermal Protective Jacket for Firefighters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilda%20Santos">Gilda Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Marques"> Rita Marques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisca%20Marques"> Francisca Marques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Ribeiro"> João Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Fonseca"> André Fonseca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20M.%20Miranda"> João M. Miranda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20B.%20L.%20M.%20Campos"> João B. L. M. Campos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soraia%20F.%20Neves"> Soraia F. Neves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every year, an unacceptable number of firefighters are seriously burned during firefighting operations, with some of them eventually losing their life. Although thermal protective clothing research and development has been searching solutions to minimize firefighters heat load and skin burns, currently commercially available solutions focus in solving isolated problems, for example, radiant heat or water-vapor resistance. Therefore, episodes of severe burns and heat strokes are still frequent. Taking this into account, a consortium composed by Portuguese entities has joined synergies to develop an innovative protective clothing system by following a procedure based on the application of numerical models to optimize the design and using a combinationof protective clothing components disposed in different layers. Recently, it has been shown that Phase Change Materials (PCMs) can contribute to the reduction of potential heat hazards in fire extinguish operations, and consequently, their incorporation into firefighting protective clothing has advantages. The greatest challenge is to integrate these materials without compromising garments ergonomics and, at the same time, accomplishing the International Standard of protective clothing for firefighters – laboratory test methods and performance requirements for wildland firefighting clothing. The incorporation of PCMs into the firefighter's protective jacket will result in the absorption of heat from the fire and consequently increase the time that the firefighter can be exposed to it. According to the project studies and developments, to favor a higher use of the PCM storage capacityand to take advantage of its high thermal inertia more efficiently, the PCM layer should be closer to the external heat source. Therefore, in this stage, to integrate PCMs in firefighting clothing, a mock-up of a vest specially designed to protect the torso (back, chest and abdomen) and to be worn over a fire-resistant jacketwas envisaged. Different configurations of PCMs, as well as multilayer approaches, were studied using suitable joining technologies such as bonding, ultrasound, and radiofrequency. Concerning firefighter’s protective clothing, it is important to balance heat protection and flame resistance with comfort parameters, namely, thermaland water-vapor resistances. The impact of the most promising solutions regarding thermal comfort was evaluated to refine the performance of the global solutions. Results obtained with experimental bench scale model and numerical simulation regarding the integration of PCMs in a vest designed as protective clothing for firefighters will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firefighters" title="firefighters">firefighters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20system" title=" multilayer system"> multilayer system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change%20material" title=" phase change material"> phase change material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20protective%20clothing" title=" thermal protective clothing"> thermal protective clothing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145505/dif-jacket-a-thermal-protective-jacket-for-firefighters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> A Clinical Cutoff to Identify Metabolically Unhealthy Obese and Normal-Weight Phenotype in Young Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%ADvia%20Pinheiro%20Carvalho">Lívia Pinheiro Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciana%20Di%20Thommazo-Luporini"> Luciana Di Thommazo-Luporini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Lu%C3%ADs%20Luporini"> Rafael Luís Luporini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Carlos%20Bonjorno%20Junior"> José Carlos Bonjorno Junior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renata%20Pedrolongo%20Basso%20Vanelli"> Renata Pedrolongo Basso Vanelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoel%20Carneiro%20de%20Oliveira%20Junior"> Manoel Carneiro de Oliveira Junior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodolfo%20de%20Paula%20Vieira"> Rodolfo de Paula Vieira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renata%20Trimer"> Renata Trimer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renata%20G.%20Mendes"> Renata G. Mendes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myl%C3%A8ne%20Aubertin-Leheudre"> Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Audrey%20Borghi-Silva"> Audrey Borghi-Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rationale: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and functional capacity in young obese and normal-weight people are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and mortality. However, it remains unclear whether their metabolically healthy (MH) or at risk (AR) phenotype influences cardiorespiratory fitness in this vulnerable population such as obese adults but also in normal-weight people. HOMA insulin resistance index (HI) and leptin-adiponectin ratio (LA) are strong markers for characterizing those phenotypes that we hypothesized to be associated with physical fitness. We also hypothesized that an easy and feasible exercise test could identify a subpopulation at risk to develop metabolic and related disorders. Methods: Thirty-nine sedentary men and women (20-45y; 18.5<BMI<24.9 or BMI>30 kg.m-2) underwent a clinical evaluation, including the six-minute step test (ST), a well-validated and reliable test for young people. Body composition assessment was done by a tetrapolar bioimpedance in a fasting state and in the folicular phase for women. A maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing, as well as the ST, evaluated the oxygen uptake at the peak of the test (VO2peak) by an ergospirometer Oxycon Mobile. Lipids, glucose, insulin were analysed and the ELISA method quantified the serum leptin and adiponectin from blood samples. Volunteers were divided in two groups: AR or MH according to a HI cutoff of 1.95, which was previously determined in the literature. T-test for comparison between groups, Pearson´s test to correlate main variables and ROC analysis for discriminating AR from up-and-down cycles in ST (SC) were applied (p<0.05). Results: Higher LA, fat mass (FM) and lower HDL, SC, leg lean mass (LM) and VO2peak were found in AR than in MH. Significant correlations were found between VO2peak and SC (r= 0.80) as well as between LA and FM (r=0.87), VO2peak (r=-0.73), and SC (r=-0.65). Area under de curve showed moderate accuracy (0.75) of SC <173 to discriminate AR phenotype. Conclusion: Our study found that at risk obese and normal-weight subjects showed an unhealthy metabolism as well as a poor CRF and functional daily activity capacity. Additionally, a simple and less costly functional test associated with above-mentioned aspects is able to identify ‘at risk’ subjects for primary intervention with important clinical and health implications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20capacity" title="aerobic capacity">aerobic capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness" title=" fitness"> fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism"> metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6MST" title=" 6MST"> 6MST</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46552/a-clinical-cutoff-to-identify-metabolically-unhealthy-obese-and-normal-weight-phenotype-in-young-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Comparison of Two Methods of Cryopreservation of Testicular Tissue from Prepubertal Lambs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rensson%20Homero%20Celiz%20Ygnacio">Rensson Homero Celiz Ygnacio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Aur%C3%A9lio%20Schiavo%20Novaes"> Marco Aurélio Schiavo Novaes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucy%20Vanessa%20Sulca%20%C3%91aupas"> Lucy Vanessa Sulca Ñaupas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Paula%20Ribeiro%20Rodrigues"> Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cryopreservation of testicular tissue emerges as an alternative for the preservation of the reproductive potential of individuals who still cannot produce sperm; however, they will undergo treatments that may affect their fertility (e.g., chemotherapy). Therefore, the present work aims to compare two cryopreservation methods (slow freezing and vitrification) in testicular tissue of prepubertal lambs. For that, to obtain the testicular tissue, the animals were castrated and the testicles were collected immediately in a physiological solution supplemented with antibiotics. In the laboratory, the testis was split into small pieces. The total size of the testicular fragments was 3×3x1 mm³ and was placed in a dish contained in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM-HEPES). The fragments were distributed randomly into non-cryopreserved (fresh control), slow freezing (SF), and vitrified. To SF procedures, two fragments from a given male were then placed in a 2,0 mL cryogenic vial containing 1,0 mL MEM-HEPES supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 20% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Tubes were placed into a Mr. Frosty™ Freezing container with isopropyl alcohol and transferred to a -80°C freezer for overnight storage. On the next day, each tube was plunged into liquid nitrogen (NL). For vitrification, the ovarian tissue cryosystem (OTC) device was used. Testicular fragments were placed in the OTC device and exposed to the first vitrification solution composed of MEM-HEPES supplemented with 10 mg/mL Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), 0.25 M sucrose, 10% Ethylene glycol (EG), 10% DMSO and 150 μM alpha-lipoic acid for four min. The VS1 was discarded and then the fragments were submerged into a second vitrification solution (VS2) containing the same composition of VS1 but 20% EG and 20% DMSO. VS2 was then discarded and each OTC device containing up to four testicular fragments was closed and immersed in NL. After the storage period, the fragments were removed from the NL, kept at room temperature for one min and then immersed at 37 °C in a water bath for 30 s. Samples were warmed by sequentially immersing in solutions of MEM-HEPES supplemented with 3 mg/mL BSA and decreasing concentrations of sucrose. Hematoxylin-eosin staining to analyze the tissue architecture was used. The score scale used was from 0 to 3, classified with a score 0 representing normal morphologically, and 3 were considered a lot of alteration. The histomorphological evaluation of the testicular tissue shows that when evaluating the nuclear alteration (distinction of nucleoli and condensation of nuclei), there are no differences when using slow freezing with respect to the control. However, vitrification presents greater damage (p <0.05). On the other hand, when evaluating the epithelial alteration, we observed that the freezing showed scores statistically equal to the control in variables such as retraction of the basement membrane, formation of gaps and organization of the peritubular cells. The results of the study demonstrated that cryopreservation using the slow freezing method is an excellent tool for the preservation of pubertal testicular tissue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryopreservation" title="cryopreservation">cryopreservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20freezing" title=" slow freezing"> slow freezing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitrification" title=" vitrification"> vitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testicular%20tissue" title=" testicular tissue"> testicular tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lambs" title=" lambs"> lambs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142928/comparison-of-two-methods-of-cryopreservation-of-testicular-tissue-from-prepubertal-lambs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> A Framework for Teaching the Intracranial Pressure Measurement through an Experimental Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Klippel">Christina Klippel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucia%20Pezzi"> Lucia Pezzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvio%20Neto"> Silvio Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Bertani"> Rafael Bertani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priscila%20Mendes"> Priscila Mendes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavio%20Machado"> Flavio Machado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Szeliga"> Aline Szeliga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Cosendey"> Maria Cosendey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adilson%20Mariz"> Adilson Mariz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raquel%20Santos"> Raquel Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lys%20Bendett"> Lys Bendett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Velasco"> Pedro Velasco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thalita%20Rolleigh"> Thalita Rolleigh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruna%20Bellote"> Bruna Bellote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Coelho"> Daria Coelho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruna%20Martins"> Bruna Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Almeida"> Julia Almeida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Cerqueira"> Juliana Cerqueira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project presents a framework for teaching intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) concepts using a low-cost experimental model in a neurointensive care education program. Data concerning ICP monitoring contribute to the patient's clinical assessment and may dictate the course of action of a health team (nursing, medical staff) and influence decisions to determine the appropriate intervention. This study aims to present a safe method for teaching ICP monitoring to medical students in a Simulation Center. Methodology: Medical school teachers, along with students from the 4th year, built an experimental model for teaching ICP measurement. The model consists of a mannequin's head with a plastic bag inside simulating the cerebral ventricle and an inserted ventricular catheter connected to the ICP monitoring system. The bag simulating the ventricle can also be changed for others containing bloody or infected simulated cerebrospinal fluid. On the mannequin's ear, there is a blue point indicating the right place to set the "zero point" for accurate pressure reading. The educational program includes four steps: 1st - Students receive a script on ICP measurement for reading before training; 2nd - Students watch a video about the subject created in the Simulation Center demonstrating each step of the ICP monitoring and the proper care, such as: correct positioning of the patient, anatomical structures to establish the zero point for ICP measurement and a secure range of ICP; 3rd - Students train the procedure in the model. Teachers help students during training; 4th - Student assessment based on a checklist form. Feedback and correction of wrong actions. Results: Students expressed interest in learning ICP monitoring. Tests concerning the hit rate are still being performed. ICP's final results and video will be shown at the event. Conclusion: The study of intracranial pressure measurement based on an experimental model consists of an effective and controlled method of learning and research, more appropriate for teaching neurointensive care practices. Assessment based on a checklist form helps teachers keep track of student learning progress. This project offers medical students a safe method to develop intensive neurological monitoring skills for clinical assessment of patients with neurological disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurology" title="neurology">neurology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracranial%20pressure" title=" intracranial pressure"> intracranial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20education" title=" medical education"> medical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115934/a-framework-for-teaching-the-intracranial-pressure-measurement-through-an-experimental-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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