CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135fa719be6ce5b',cH: 'Ea_zBwKgpsncaD8xwRvgzG4l.qVSmMxLVjG8gIvm0cM-1739797414-1.2.1.1-BDsRpfLFwGlPRaOuOvNW7sARRNLGHCDKm_wuWRl.5eDaJsgJ0mutP_G0Ni8ghBiu',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/158358\/the-effect-of-taxes-on-development-an-albanian-case?__cf_chl_tk=WDVveb52mljf5rxWp5c7HtWRw9tlCjMOXbDnR4V7Ozw-1739797414-1.0.1.1-EzyMQkC8E0d7EPxqlo6McC8ZP3dyphGPvaTzVhqSPo4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739797414',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/158358\/the-effect-of-taxes-on-development-an-albanian-case?__cf_chl_f_tk=WDVveb52mljf5rxWp5c7HtWRw9tlCjMOXbDnR4V7Ozw-1739797414-1.0.1.1-EzyMQkC8E0d7EPxqlo6McC8ZP3dyphGPvaTzVhqSPo4",md: "rzKVFIz8aGsS4gNWFPQhrSjsf_lvM0ZRAEPs9dviPSE-1739797414-1.2.1.1-4bdFnDDCdPYwlyqYEnenwC4zHltzcjdM1hh8BKDzuTf8qEY8xElrXAmpjmGE6f.nWqjPkycvq8hXOmDySjnDeAdZon4iRzMoE9R0jr8Dwvn6kO6oUoo2WOBJqDm9jpMCN2KY.YKBAd10yRD5W5SjsBEeyOELZWqiERU1Ne9Yxt_V_cnhusvdU5weYJahWwHjCLvUjtW8PPEi4f5cYffcY8hvEXqifn6dL4QVZPEy4HdbqqnrTQ_JdQOBXEQxdjfmJq9La8MOhGZh.go9xvk022mWt9y7vEsccUrPQuNeQmZIzkDoIEQnpM9UmY_dnQMBZxLjhaJ8UlrOMvrAyA8AszHnU.mThBbEX.lfRih7PLAJyWNoVagblEaXQ180z3HWmpy_cYIm4jWMzfwHkGG9vdhFFjxCZms1BeUnk7Z66FZaHWXwzAI7Bn6lFcU8ol3kKT_i5cMSNuD5VMgOG0GOe8qQnXWeZRx0fVIk85pP3X2h_N0kFAGG4E_JCOdJmseI0IuM83qLe1QFOTzp6PvigJLGRAQaR0CyAP6yxCI6uCf.0D52YtppjdgY7SKBKHhu0HglbPCg2Fq9uZYEDV5fDPyec1E7URGemTrk5WGIMuEw_zO3D0D.BH21F1mc8JFITYXeWioa4rC1oeakofJGGjwaHdor._kdd9IpRTcNap4Qg35sznQlGwtY0B_xRSWnWW5smtYiTShWn8_4eIUAsNVjNM7bIk5PKd04qpMwD5GNyBgyuWwMqssz5YEFMk33M6i5V0SR6Uw6pamDKMMtj64FO4X_YbBd_5pUPePl.wSZ0F0ECYhnDc6NHg1wEyEXru5rYSJwh6fnC5B68Pja0Sa5T9o.gy4Uvn6v0OIqx5jgQcGrspQdilMPGYUCIZYhoDqI9FcQyi3FvCdrOymKGurMZzPW1kn52lmVOoe2coFGjTMg_nSsVcVx.yWv8280np.E72Hml9sUcwUlDDeCv7OVZC5nasPHABDQgnr7ORKdsHe0GQZpWdeIIwZ0hMoVnb1EilP6nBR_PNUEqnfGb2GZm.2oQZSFSSaMYA.R9_Vjj1bBMUQSoBKZ51i75QgBqvEax9xj_y0l69diuO.cj4oqEaDnU5w3n2AR4k3G5r2jcyfJm4yzRXzw0Cyb5X8U1yhLsDBhS_2YxDkG_AS5bDtfhPROZI.kZlDwD5PomTUw6QlhyPDE5NtmTmV7E9MZKkEjlC18Lpm133rEvi4vVBzTv3qHYb1J9cNoE124C4gYUdyozo2HOG3XjnbyKpI0UkmCE7qHi6usaw6M2fUQRlaqDKnQ3jaKD_5gSPjuOT1tOy3mE6r01ehyKUngYRTU2vsuGGcD3Rty99scHIIjjgA2D_5QeB2wHrwLo557S_i6dYjjlMnu_8mP2g1QCXTmFW3uSwFMDtMye0_lyobKqknjoa3b8Hf2hnHPwGJaCdYqMcPqZhYGP.y82lTmxc0eedzL5rNbPHJCFN9AC0b.wQefwzksxtskCQ0g8snivW2iGgFzG5u.eeq2CJCmzJ9LspKhyy1sbhh6bB4Ty3f9v7e3bbKn.XeV0WLGI2KDZHjJ7fsw2UVuLOZvCs4jYP_njeOvG1g4N5dr6KJXjDz7S2JDo81Q8K9HaszzRvL9mjvRdaMuhD4ctlxFRD3WchJg9LNVHogmrG4vY8hLbkFWaGc0ufHDP997W29OLxHnEdalnT5wUb6EWv2FvWaRVKkYUfoT.aiFDEkNbmXqqP7CGRvhaK_DD5X0NRacH73PjFRdY.yKkMAO04ekhTGfKhi0NThfMPuc93s5xVuHqTsGJgjgaeuy66Whxy09iU78DYSIpkXVorN3fkZyD2FGUlWjgh05Kz3rnAvVINQepmQtDb7R1r31uu18LPqzb506VJrVUuMy71Ya.eYn3coLS3dUdiFdfzZcymvfvrWqVI4_zEjSsqSnig_Qe5IhLrxq0GqY0D1aZ9Z7vB0wXjdkjyPqD2VMK7EsU9h_14PABq0DiNgWEdkEHbme20gdUQZzGlBwVwZartfJI.yCHMTZyLCD",mdrd: "U0Xofgu9GAgyugCu.4GceDqKi0L3GJr7Ou6ZrLvGai0-1739797414-1.2.1.1-ipzLftWI3u2AInpLWH_BlHqMJfniG4pKf8sy24XeFvagOaeHD7YXRjTTZqttv6Z150GY4OsMEmAhdUago4WWZ9ErJ4kxYLbB3pC6R4WMRwW90LxK7GMExqCV2KxQakl0LDaBEm1QNQi65UgcvdkEzNozxHnEepCeQLul9wGjzxKf5lC5sG0saCK2H3aAsragJGFdweGH09RIPPQnn6dofaDGK21ytTRHPJiAI2rr6EfNCDd5WFehUt6EsxnKnhscTQDjomI5MF1y6uArZHlwU3tFZ.C69zFBGN2fyZcvbd5bFloZ7kgnrCjVvuIlHAOV0SwG0gHthPN9YklwZJ0dXGIfTCc6I3ZIVSpoULGGGN_0EY9rmtcBhKhkw5D_3y7Pos8zI6GVzUFUh7qkcbdKBuSFwIQdBCwMnSE0q.X8.CAH7UJ1y7bWbeFKiOufkLGbTRVKkevQ6J.ION9c9R.P4UoOqRUPO.0MQvu9j3RfpSJ75by5N92yxYoiuxR3fP20Pbge2LGY8yt9LJCr019mReJZPgMWEJO5kF94DR94xHemiXaLDbuUwR9StK1bu4Jh2zT5CU31v14nALUbCh3sRORE2LyztqoAUNiYc8qwra1Kw0LBq8MOEGz53xubnBkTbJcvKAqkb7MpUUAOgXqGGvMYJJGBNfMtMoRN305VGNOQpehCsTwXVvkUlLaKOkUKjAN1muzFDNs7Iofv42bNdGlewhVKfQCvYImKiqLQ0JWTDPqiK12MkvNej47R5g1nwgR7pVoeuzCK5x3IJ5BY1WP0cCcA35u6lHJ6ns7dluvtyqv8A24pmNp56G9lFmz1.w_CwPhsYse2MHa8MZq3M_8OYw8NzrQ8WlS0RARVmcnLtMhM98Pupva.BUV0YlIFK49mC.FlF.YbowQYJIA5OvlUNPmUgV05LFCunWYD6ngdYeHqYVndj6VLf4sxbzBdd.7g8q88e497Rwm0SKTT1EYSBbd19M9QbA5HdTkvO8ydcOJ5Y79d_bUR2NdpnY2EfsrH2bMTlUZ.UiA7dy4e9CkpTiBQPD72lBxHhriJP8xRpqAR04zyjHBQkO6C4jbItbzp2HPXWsM7T5GZ96Wmtl4oEsSB9c_XhknKZAkj_lPu.FUbsTzVi0YePb7z4a9_I3sq028XNBJ0Lv7GjyR1fe5Zqx9InPe763Ng3Jrl0R8YHaNN.J4Zt5UR6UADP_Ls2LyiX0r5uoX3mYFBUA1I0gi19Q6eCfNB4KHidixDd131YhgFxgzG5.GGL8y2AzijkdPA9D9C23QPO46rhXad62XsGcAQAwxzQTtcW8qX0u10W.0SJNcflYvLoxoFwNviZhCPHJw2W18j7jtuC7A5lgC7G_ZfyaQt7Z8YW2JRe0rPQ.Nzk4kLX.K.fgW0d7O2ilseQACivNPS8db8dH8yHNexnkg4giRqzRiuzAdIoPiQAKwmBUQuN5v4UaZii.s9_DD01Q2V.3D6adz68UiAT9TlShO_Y5R0QG3iKs7e_ymc0Sku2Qtbfp_vm3LkhQHS_KZ9UMB.9Aja8RRx7bYb9UkUVyE9LtM.UxcXsPnRRTTtJKDD8QuuFo52qV9FjMMu0uBoxqGjPXpOTwLwdP1YpQlnGWyKVIAUceuFWN1wIfpc2P7G8DDIDcI2cuJ1.KQbWaud8WdFXo4WfdXyto2DLJo5c0QXhqB4e1135LZDGmFqWne..Qamrj9iF39nmSplX3KOIC8f.WeyF6_5WCmSqXlqS3qCfAX8FBtR0xYBGUvpQgHNorPGE0XYUmeHEbmOROIAJIZvz9PeEiNXgJGDJ9EzJGJHa.HQ1cfBPJEOmZ2fN3KQPj.bbFEG8sz3lNZwEvFX3taJRB3lg7UYk5oJFUuA5Xh39nBhtSiSBgqHd0.aNLez42pioO22gg2fRwuAcQnDCjBAzyVmEjZjZe7CleUOYgKR9jkApuK5vrjxbS.VRwuQzhWNEdqYea5aD1m5"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135fa719be6ce5b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/158358\/the-effect-of-taxes-on-development-an-albanian-case?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WDVveb52mljf5rxWp5c7HtWRw9tlCjMOXbDnR4V7Ozw-1739797414-1.0.1.1-EzyMQkC8E0d7EPxqlo6McC8ZP3dyphGPvaTzVhqSPo4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>