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trafficking</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Canada sex trafficking"> <meta name="keywords" content="Canada sex trafficking"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Canada sex trafficking"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 615</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Canada sex trafficking</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">615</span> Human Security and Human Trafficking Related Corruption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekin%20D.%20Horzum">Ekin D. Horzum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the proposal is to examine the relationship between human trafficking related corruption and human security. The proposal suggests that the human trafficking related corruption is about willingness of the states to turn a blind eye to the human trafficking cases. Therefore, it is important to approach human trafficking related corruption in terms of human security and human rights violation to find an effective way to fight against human trafficking. In this context, the purpose of this proposal is to examine the human trafficking related corruption as a safe haven in which trafficking thrives for perpetrators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organized%20crime" title=" organized crime"> organized crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5546/human-security-and-human-trafficking-related-corruption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">614</span> Comparative Canadian Online News Coverage Analysis of Sex Trafficking Reported Cases in Ontario, and Nova Scotia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alisha%20Fisher">Alisha Fisher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sex trafficking is a worldwide crisis that requires trauma-informed and survivor-centered media attention to accurate disseminate information. Much of the previous literature on sex trafficking tends to focus on the frequency of incidents, intervention, and support strategies for survivors, with few of them looking to how the media is conducting their reporting on sex trafficking cases to the public. Utilizing data of reports from the media of cases of sex trafficking in the two Canadian provinces with the highest cases of sex trafficking, Ontario and Nova Scotia, the authors sought to analyze the similarities and differences of how sex trafficking cases were being reported. A total of twenty articles were examined, with ten based within the province of Ontario and the remaining ten from the province of Nova Scotia. The authors coded in two processes, first, who the article was about, and second, the framing and content inclusion. The results suggest that there is high usage and reliance of voices and images of authority, with male people of color being shown as the perpetrators and white women being shown as the survivors. These findings can aid in the expansion of trauma-informed, survivor-centered media literacy of reports of sex trafficking to provide accurate insights and further developing robust methods to intersectional approaches to reporting cases of sex trafficking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20trafficking" title="sex trafficking">sex trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20coverage" title=" media coverage"> media coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada%20sex%20trafficking" title=" Canada sex trafficking"> Canada sex trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title=" content analysis"> content analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140903/comparative-canadian-online-news-coverage-analysis-of-sex-trafficking-reported-cases-in-ontario-and-nova-scotia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">613</span> Trafficking in Children as a Qualified Form of the Crime of Trafficking in Human Beings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanda%20Bo%C5%BEi%C4%87">Vanda Božić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%BDeljko%20Nika%C4%8D"> Željko Nikač</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trafficking in children, especially vulnerable victims, is a qualified form of committing the crime of human trafficking, and a special form of abuse and violation of children's rights. Given that trafficking in children is dangerous, but also a specific form of crime in relation to trafficking in human beings, this paper will in the first part indicate the forms of trafficking in children (trafficking in children for sexual exploitation, child pornography, and pedophilia, exploitation of labor, begging, performance of criminal acts, adoption, marriage and participation in armed conflicts). The second part references the international documents which regulate this matter as well as the solutions in national criminal legislations of Republic of Croatia and Republic of Serbia. It points to the essential features and characteristics of the victims, according to sex, age, and citizenship, as well as the age of children at the stage of solicitation and recruitment and the status of the family from which the child comes from. The work includes a special emphasis on international police cooperation in the fight against trafficking in children. Concluding remarks set out proposals de lege ferenda that can be of significant impact, particularly on prevention, and then also on repression in combating this serious crime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trafficking%20in%20children" title="trafficking in children">trafficking in children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trafficking%20in%20human%20beings" title=" trafficking in human beings"> trafficking in human beings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20as%20a%20victim%20of%20human%20trafficking" title=" child as a victim of human trafficking"> child as a victim of human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%E2%80%99s%20rights" title=" children’s rights"> children’s rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67529/trafficking-in-children-as-a-qualified-form-of-the-crime-of-trafficking-in-human-beings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">612</span> Gender Inequality and Human Trafficking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimberly%20McCabe">Kimberly McCabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The trafficking of women and children for abuse and exploitation is not a new problem under the umbrella of human trafficking; however, over the last decade, the problem has attracted increased attention from international governments and non-profits attempting to reduce victimization and provide services for survivors. Research on human trafficking suggests that the trafficking of human beings is, largely, a symptom of poverty. As the trafficking of human beings may be viewed as a response to the demand for people for various forms of exploitation, a product of poverty, and a consequence of the subordinate positions of women and children in society, it reaches beyond randomized victimization. Hence, human trafficking, and especially the trafficking of women and children, goes beyond the realm of poorness. Therefore, to begin to understand the reasons for the existence of human trafficking, one must identify and consider not only the immediate causes but also those underlying structural determinants that facilitate this form of victimization. Specifically, one must acknowledge the economic, social, and cultural factors that support human trafficking. This research attempts to study human trafficking at the country level by focusing on economic, social, and cultural characteristics. This study focuses on inequality and, in particular, gender inequality as related to legislative attempts to address human trafficking. Within the design of this project is the use of the US State Department’s tier classification system for Trafficking in Persons (TIP) and the USA CIA Fact Sheet of country characteristics for over 150 countries in an attempt to model legal outcomes as related to human trafficking. Results of this research demonstrate the significance of characteristics beyond poverty as related to country-level responses to human trafficking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20trafficking" title="child trafficking">child trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20inequality" title=" gender inequality"> gender inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title=" inequality"> inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127526/gender-inequality-and-human-trafficking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">611</span> Glorification Trap in Combating Human Trafficking in Indonesia: An Application of Three-Dimensional Model of Anti-Trafficking Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kosandi">M. Kosandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Susanti"> V. Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20I.%20Subono"> N. I. Subono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kartini"> E. Kartini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the risk of glorification trap in combating human trafficking, as it is shown in the case of Indonesia. Based on a research on Indonesian combat against trafficking in 2017-2018, this paper shows the tendency of misinterpretation and misapplication of the Indonesian anti-trafficking law into misusing the law for glorification, to create an image of certain extent of achievement in combating human trafficking. The objective of this paper is to explain the persistent occurrence of human trafficking crimes despite the significant progress of anti-trafficking efforts of Indonesian government. The research was conducted in 2017-2018 by qualitative approach through observation, depth interviews, discourse analysis, and document study, applying the three-dimensional model for analyzing human trafficking in the source country. This paper argues that the drive for glorification of achievement in the combat against trafficking has trapped Indonesian government in the loop of misinterpretation, misapplication, and misuse of the anti-trafficking law. In return, the so-called crime against humanity remains high and tends to increase in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-trafficking%20policy" title=" anti-trafficking policy"> anti-trafficking policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20crime" title=" transnational crime"> transnational crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20country" title=" source country"> source country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glorification%20trap" title=" glorification trap"> glorification trap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104170/glorification-trap-in-combating-human-trafficking-in-indonesia-an-application-of-three-dimensional-model-of-anti-trafficking-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">610</span> Structuring the Role of Indonesia's Dilemma Position in ASEAN to Combat Human Trafficking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Febi%20Eka%20Putri">Febi Eka Putri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabowo%20Anggorono"> Prabowo Anggorono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Trafficking has become a threat in the global phenomenon, including Indonesia as a country adopting democracy to uphold the human rights value. Indonesia is classified as a source of trafficking in persons which dominate by women and children for sexual exploitation and forced labor purposes. In this case, Indonesia has committed to combat trafficking in persons by enacted domestic law to criminalize all types of human trafficking in domestic and international level. Tracing to the efforts, we cannot just simplify it, however, in 2016 Indonesia has placed as a tier 2 country because the government does not fully achieve the minimum standard by U. S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act due to only making efforts as progress. While as a part of ASEAN member, Indonesia has signed ASEAN Human Rights Declaration but when it comes to Human Trafficking issue, there is only few ASEAN member who has ratified ASEAN Convention on Trafficking in Persons, in particular Women and Children such as Singapore, Cambodia, and Thailand. This brings the evidence to structuring the role of Indonesia to combat human trafficking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Association%20of%20Southeast%20Asian%20Nations%20%28ASEAN%29" title=" Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"> Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tier%202%20country" title=" Tier 2 country"> Tier 2 country</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65328/structuring-the-role-of-indonesias-dilemma-position-in-asean-to-combat-human-trafficking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">609</span> Human Trafficking In North East India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neimenuo%20Kengurusie">Neimenuo Kengurusie </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human trafficking is considered a form of slavery in modern day era and a gross violation of human rights and one of the most organized crimes of the day transcending cultures, geography and time. Human trafficking is a highly complex phenomenon involving many actors like victims, survivors, their families, communities and third parties that recruit, transport and exploit the trafficked victims. It takes different forms such as child trafficking, trafficking for labour, trafficking for sexual exploitation, trafficking for organ transplantation etc. and affects virtually every corner of the world. This research draws on a variety of sources, including books, articles, journals, newspaper reports, human rights reports, online materials and interviews. In India, particularly the North East region, the issue of human trafficking has become a concern regionally, nationally and internationally. The focus of this paper is on the North Eastern part of India as it is a socially and economically backward region of the country which makes women and children susceptible to trafficking. Women and children from these regions are trafficked within and outside the state. Therefore, the paper seeks to explore the issue of human trafficking, especially trafficking of women and children in North East India, which receives insufficient attention in literature. The paper seeks to analyze and understand the trend and patterns of trafficking and the mechanisms that reinforces the process and perpetuates the phenomenon of trafficking considering the nature and scope of the problem. The paper also analyzes the anti-trafficking laws initiated by India and the North East states in particular for combating human trafficking in North East India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20East%20India" title=" North East India"> North East India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23563/human-trafficking-in-north-east-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">608</span> How Tattoos and Brands Impact the Recovery of Sex Trafficking Victim: An Exploratory Study of Sex Trafficking Survivors.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremy%20Berry">Jeremy Berry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon%20Rodrigue"> Shannon Rodrigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Norris"> Caroline Norris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the impact of tattoos and/or brands on the recovery of sex trafficking survivors. Many victims of sex trafficking are forced or coerced to take markings of ownership while in the sex trafficking trade in the form of painful tattoos or brands. As a result, victims who are rescued and in recovery often must live with permanent reminders of their traumatic experiences or are left to resort to expensive cosmetic or cover-up jobs, which for many are out of reach. As is often true of domestic violence victims who are left with scars from their abusers, the impact of these permanent markers can delay the healing process and contribute to post-traumatic stress. This study tells the story from the perspectives of the survivors of sex trafficking, how these specific permanent reminders impacted their healing. The study employs a thematic analysis of interviews with sex trafficking victims via focus group interviews. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20trafficking" title="sex trafficking">sex trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tattoos" title=" tattoos"> tattoos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healing" title=" healing"> healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135947/how-tattoos-and-brands-impact-the-recovery-of-sex-trafficking-victim-an-exploratory-study-of-sex-trafficking-survivors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">607</span> “It Takes a Community to Save a Child”: A Qualitative Analysis of Child Trafficking Interventions from Practitioner Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crispin%20Rakibu%20Mbamba">Crispin Rakibu Mbamba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Twenty-two years after the adoption of the United Nation Trafficking Protocol, evidence suggest that child trafficking continues to rise. Community level factors, like poverty which creates the conditions for children’s vulnerability is key to the rise in trafficking cases in Ghana. Albeit, growing evidence suggestthat despite the vulnerabilities, communities have the capacity to prevent and address child trafficking issues. This study contributes to this positive agenda by exploring the ways in which communities (and the key actors) in Ghana contribute to child trafficking interventions.The study objective is explored through in-depth interviews with practitioners (including social workers) from an organization working in trafficking hotspots in Ghana. Interviews wereanalyzed thematically with the help of HyperRESEARCH software. From the in-depth interviews, three themes were identified as the ways in which communities are involved in child trafficking interventions: 1) engagement of community leaders, 2) community-led anti-trafficking committees and 3) knowledge about trafficking. Albeit the cultural differences, evidence on the instrumental role of community chiefs and leaders provide important learning on how to harness trafficking intervention measures and ensure better child protection practices. Based on the findings, we recommend the need to intensify trafficking awareness campaigns in rural communities where education is lacking to contribute to United Nations (UN) promoting Just, Peaceful and Inclusive societies’ mandate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20trafficking" title="child trafficking">child trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20interventions" title=" community interventions"> community interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20on%20trafficking" title=" knowledge on trafficking"> knowledge on trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking%20intervention" title=" human trafficking intervention"> human trafficking intervention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159925/it-takes-a-community-to-save-a-child-a-qualitative-analysis-of-child-trafficking-interventions-from-practitioner-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">606</span> Review of State Anti-Trafficking Laws in the United States of America and Their Success in Combating Human Trafficking and Protecting the Victims</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Marcela%20Morales%20Reyes">Andrea Marcela Morales Reyes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the year 2000, the federal government of the United States of America enacted anti-trafficking legislation to prevent human trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and protect the victims. Since then, all 50 states have followed the federal government's example by enacting state-level anti-trafficking legislation. In order to fight human trafficking in the United States, it is paramount that this legislation is not only comprehensively enacted but also enforced. This study reviewed the anti-trafficking laws enacted in each of the 50 states and investigated the success of such laws by reporting the number of trafficking related prosecutions, cases identified, and victims protected. This study reviewed human trafficking reports issued by nonprofits, and state and federal level agencies. An increase in the number of cases investigated since the state laws have been passed reflects a moderate success in the fight against human trafficking in the U.S. This review also found that although every state has passed anti-trafficking legislation, many still lack a comprehensive approach to combat human trafficking; some states lack key provisions to prevent human trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and protect it victims. This, along with the lack of enforcement of the anti-trafficking plans included in each of the state legislations, has meant that the human trafficking cases investigated in fiscal year 2016 are not near the estimated numbers; which in turn suggests that this crime is still greatly unaccounted for. This study concludes that although important steps have been taken at the national and state level to combat human trafficking, the identification and prosecution of human trafficking cases still proves challenging in the United States. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enforcement%20of%20laws" title="enforcement of laws">enforcement of laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-trafficking%20legislation" title=" anti-trafficking legislation"> anti-trafficking legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States" title=" United States"> United States</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91255/review-of-state-anti-trafficking-laws-in-the-united-states-of-america-and-their-success-in-combating-human-trafficking-and-protecting-the-victims" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">605</span> Baseline Study on Human Trafficking Crimes: A Case Study of Mapping Human Trafficking Crimes in East Java Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20Komang%20Desy%20Arya%20Pinatih">Ni Komang Desy Arya Pinatih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transnational crime is a crime with 'unique' feature because the activities benefit the lack of state monitoring on the borders so dealing with it cannot be based on conventional engagement but also need joint operation with other countries. On the other hand with the flow of globalization and the growth of information technology and transportation, states become more vulnerable to transnational crime threats especially human trafficking. This paper would examine transnational crime activities, especially human trafficking in Indonesia. With the case study on the mapping of human trafficking crime in East Java province, Indonesia, this paper would try to analyze how the difference in human trafficking crime trends at the national and sub-national levels. The findings of this research were first, there is difference in human trafficking crime trends whereas at the national level the trend is rising, while at sub-national (province) level the trend is declining. Second, regarding the decline of human trafficking number, it’s interesting to see how the method to decrease human trafficking crime in East Jawa Province in order to reduce transnational crime accounts in the region. These things are hopefully becoming a model for transnational crimes engagement in other regions to reduce human trafficking numbers as much as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20crime" title="transnational crime">transnational crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southeast%20Asia" title=" southeast Asia"> southeast Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticipation%20model%20on%20transnational%20crimes" title=" anticipation model on transnational crimes"> anticipation model on transnational crimes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50189/baseline-study-on-human-trafficking-crimes-a-case-study-of-mapping-human-trafficking-crimes-in-east-java-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">604</span> Re-Victimization of Sex Trafficking Victims in Canada: Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrianna%20D.%20Hendricks">Adrianna D. Hendricks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the factors that contribute to the re-traumatization of victims of sex trafficking within the Canadian context. Sex trafficking occurring domestically in Canada is severely under-researched, stigmatized, and under-prosecuted, leading to the re-traumatization of victims by various levels of government. This is in part due to the Canadian criminal justice system unethically utilizing prostitution laws in cases of sex trafficking and partially due to the unaddressed stigmatization victims face within the justice system itself. Utilizing evidence from a current literature review, personal correspondence, and personal life experiences, this paper will demonstrate the need for victim involvement in policy reform. The current literature review was done through an academic database search using the terms: “Sex Trafficking, Exploitation, Canada”, with the limitation of articles written within the last 5 years and written within the Canadian context. Overall, from the results, only eight articles precisely matched the criteria. The current literature argues strongly and unanimously for more research and education of professionals who have close contact with high-risk populations (doctors, police officers, social workers, etc.) to protect both minors and adults from being sexually trafficked. Additionally, for women and girls who do not have Canadian citizenship, the fear of deportation becomes a barrier to disclosing exploitation experiences to professionals. There is a desperate need for more research done in tandem with survivors and victims to inform policymaking in a meaningful way. The researcher is a survivor of sex trafficking both as a youth and as an adult, giving the researcher a unique insight into the realities of the criminal justice system for victims of sex trafficking. There is a clear need for professionals in positions of power to be re-educated about the realities of sex-trafficking, and what it means for the victims. Congruent to the current research the author calls for: standardized professional training for people in healthcare, police officers, court officials, and victim services; with the additional layers of victim involvement in creation of professional education training, and victim involvement in research. Justice for victims/survivors can only be obtained if they have been consulted and believed. Without meaningful consultation with survivors, victims who are both minors and adults will continue to fall through the cracks in policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canadian%20policy" title="Canadian policy">Canadian policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-traumatization" title=" re-traumatization"> re-traumatization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex-trafficking" title=" sex-trafficking"> sex-trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigmatization" title=" stigmatization"> stigmatization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177866/re-victimization-of-sex-trafficking-victims-in-canada-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">603</span> Evaluation of DNA Paternity Testing Accuracy of Child Trafficking Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wing%20Kam%20Fung">Wing Kam Fung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kexin%20Yu"> Kexin Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child trafficking has been a serious problem in modern China. The Chinese government has established a national anti-trafficking DNA database to help reunite missing children with their families. The database collects DNA information from missing children's parents, trafficked and homeless children, then conducts paternity tests to find matched pairs. This paper considers the matching accuracy in such cases by looking into the exclusion probability in paternity testing. First, the situation of child trafficking in China is introduced. Next, derivations of the exclusion probability for both one-parent and two-parents cases are given, followed by extension to allow for 1 or 2 mutations. The accuracy of paternity testing of child trafficking cases is then assessed using the exclusion probabilities and available data. Finally, the number of loci that should be used to ensure a correct match is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20trafficking" title="child trafficking">child trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20database" title=" DNA database"> DNA database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exclusion%20probability" title=" exclusion probability"> exclusion probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternity%20testing" title=" paternity testing"> paternity testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62939/evaluation-of-dna-paternity-testing-accuracy-of-child-trafficking-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">602</span> Conflating Voluntary Sex Work and Trafficked Sex Work in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haezreena%20Begum%20Abdul%20Hamid">Haezreena Begum Abdul Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article will explore the conflation between voluntary sex work and trafficked sex work. In doing so, the article will analyse the meaning of trafficking according to the United Nations ‘Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children’ and the Malaysian Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Migrant Smuggling Act, 2007 (ATIP), and discuss the ambiguities that may arise in understanding the term. While the law on human trafficking has long been understood by scholars, key stakeholders, and enforcement officers, identifying a victim of trafficking is far from being straight forward. This is because of the diverse understanding on sex trafficking and sex work, and the fact that ‘consent’ by trafficked persons remains irrelevant in cases of trafficking. As a result, women who voluntarily engage in sex work are sometimes categorised as ‘trafficked’ and are ‘rescued’ by the authorities in the name of ‘protection’, while those who insist of having agency can be charged for violating the immigration laws. In light of such circumstances, this article aims to explore the conflation between voluntary sex work and trafficked sex work and how such conflation have succeeded in fostering distrust between sex workers and authorities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluntary%20sex%20work" title="voluntary sex work">voluntary sex work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trafficked%20sex%20work" title=" trafficked sex work"> trafficked sex work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20work" title=" sex work"> sex work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coercion" title=" coercion"> coercion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146917/conflating-voluntary-sex-work-and-trafficked-sex-work-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">601</span> Understanding Human Trafficking in Benin City: Implications for Social Work Intervention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracy%20B.%20E.%20Omorogiuwa">Tracy B. E. Omorogiuwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human trafficking also known as modern-day slavery can be seen as an effort by some privileged and criminally minded persons to take advantage of vulnerable individuals for their economic gains. Some factors; poverty, unemployment, poor educational opportunities, ignorance and traditional attitudes are attributed as causes and psychological, sexual, moral and health problems as impacts of human trafficking. This study examines the phenomenon of human trafficking in Benin City, one of the cities in Nigeria, situated as a source of trafficked persons for exploitation in Europe and African countries. Even though the Nigerian government and Non-governmental organizations have made considerable efforts in the past to reduce the incidence of human trafficking, the result has been an adjustment in the personality of the trafficked persons rather than professional measures to combat the issue. Hence, the study adopts the focused group discussions as a method for data collection; to sort the opinions of community members towards the understanding of the phenomenon. In addition, this paper provides social work implications to address the issue of human trafficking in the Benin City, Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trafficking%20in%20persons" title=" trafficking in persons"> trafficking in persons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern-day%20slavery" title=" modern-day slavery"> modern-day slavery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work%20implication" title=" social work implication"> social work implication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76587/understanding-human-trafficking-in-benin-city-implications-for-social-work-intervention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">600</span> Thailand and Procession of Trafficking Human Beings (Women and Children)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawinphat%20Lertpongmanee">Kawinphat Lertpongmanee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems of trafficking human beings were continuously violent in Thailand. The problems occurred from a variety of factors such as unemployment, agricultural workers’ urban immigration, sex tour, attitude of materialism society, divorced family, unsavourily effected law, and officers’ ignorance. The purposes of this study were to study the structure, connection, a number of trafficking human beings in Thailand. Qualitative and quantitative and results of previous research were used in this research. The previous procurers, interested persons, experienced people, human beings-aiding organization, and women-children rights organization were interviewed in depth. The field was used in a variety of regions. The findings showed that the structure and connection of trafficking human beings and their values are $8,750 million. There are 240,000 people in trafficked human beings. The trend of trafficking human beings grows continuously. It is changed according to economic circumstance, society and culture, and law. The state must be aware of its problem. The law is enacted by adding high penalty for serious fear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trade" title="human trade">human trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostitution%20trafficking" title=" prostitution trafficking"> prostitution trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trafficking%20in%20women%20and%20children" title=" trafficking in women and children"> trafficking in women and children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8174/thailand-and-procession-of-trafficking-human-beings-women-and-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">599</span> The Political Economy of Human Trafficking and Human Insecurity in Asia: The Case of Japan, Thailand and India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Bashir%20Uddin">Mohammed Bashir Uddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human trafficking remains as a persistent problem in many parts of the world. It is considered by many countries as an issue of a threat to national security. Border enforcement to prevent trafficking has been the main incentive, which eventually causes human insecurity for vulnerable people, especially for women. This research argues that focus needs to be placed on the political economy of trafficking, hence on the supply and demand sides of trafficking from a broader socio-economic perspective. Trafficking is a global phenomenon with its contemporary origins in the international capitalist market system. This research investigates particularly the supply-demand nexus on the backdrop of globalization and its impact on human security. It argues that the nexus varies across the countries, particularly the demand side. While prostitution has been the sole focus of the demand side in all countries in Asia, the paper argues that organ trade, bonded labor, cheap and exploitable labor through false recruitment (male trafficking) and adoption are some of the rising demands that explore new trends of trafficking, which could be better explained through international political economy (IPE). Following a qualitative research method, the paper argues that although demands vary in destination countries, they are the byproducts of IPE which have different socio-economic impacts both on trafficked individuals and the states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title="globalization">globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20economy" title=" political economy"> political economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26094/the-political-economy-of-human-trafficking-and-human-insecurity-in-asia-the-case-of-japan-thailand-and-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">598</span> Government Responses to the Survivors of Trafficking in Human Beings: A Study of Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irida%20Agolli%20Nasufi">Irida Agolli Nasufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anxhela%20Bruci"> Anxhela Bruci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents Albanian government policies regarding the reintegration process for returning Albanian survivors of trafficking in human beings. Focusing on an in-depth analysis of governmental, non-governmental documents and semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with service providers and trafficking survivors. Furthermore, this paper will especially focus on the governmental efforts to provide support to the survivors, focusing on their needs and challenges. This study explores the conditions and actual services provided to the survivors of trafficking in human beings that are in the reintegration process in Albania. Moreover, it examines the responsible mechanisms accountable for the reintegration process, by analysing synergies between governmental and non-governmental organisations. Also, this paper explores the governmental approach towards trafficking survivors and apprises policymakers to undertake changes and reforms in their future actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policies" title="policies">policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20services" title=" social services"> social services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20user" title=" service user"> service user</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trafficking%20in%20human%20beings" title=" trafficking in human beings"> trafficking in human beings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government"> government</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105270/government-responses-to-the-survivors-of-trafficking-in-human-beings-a-study-of-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">597</span> The Contribution of the Lomé Charter to Combating Trafficking in Persons at Sea: Nigerian and South African Legal Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obinna%20Emmanuel%20Nkomadu">Obinna Emmanuel Nkomadu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A major maritime problem in the African continent is the widespread proliferation of threats to maritime security, and one of which is the traffic in persons (TIP) at sea, which victims are sometimes assaulted, injured, killed, and in many cases go missing. The South African and Nigerian law on TIP at sea is the Prevention and Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act and the Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Enforcement and Administration Act, respectively. These legislation prohibits TIP at sea but does not provides effective and efficient national coordination structures and international cooperation measures against traffickers who engage on human trafficking on the African maritime domain. As a result of the limitations on the maritime security laws of most African States and the maritime security threats on the continent, the African Union in 2016 adopted the African Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa (Lome Charter). The Lomé Charter provides mechanisms for national and international cooperation on maritime security threats, including TIP at sea. However, the Charter is yet to come into force due to the number of States required to accede or ratify the Charter. This paper identifies gaps on existing instruments on TIP at sea by those States and justify on South Africa and Nigeria should adopt the Charter. The justification flow from analysing relevant international law instruments, as well as legislation on human trafficking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation%20against%20trafficking%20in%20persons%20at%20sea" title="cooperation against trafficking in persons at sea">cooperation against trafficking in persons at sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lom%C3%A9%20charter" title=" lomé charter"> lomé charter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20security" title=" maritime security"> maritime security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20legislation%20on%20trafficking%20in%20persons" title=" Nigerian legislation on trafficking in persons"> Nigerian legislation on trafficking in persons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20African%20legislation%20on%20trafficking%20in%20person" title=" South African legislation on trafficking in person"> South African legislation on trafficking in person</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20trafficking%20in%20persons%20at%20sea" title=" and trafficking in persons at sea"> and trafficking in persons at sea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146912/the-contribution-of-the-lome-charter-to-combating-trafficking-in-persons-at-sea-nigerian-and-south-african-legal-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">596</span> Human Trafficking in Your Backyard: Know the Signs and How to Help</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessie%20Fazel">Jessie Fazel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristen%20Smith"> Kristen Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human trafficking is a multi-billion-dollar criminal industry that affects 24.9 million people around the world. There are several different types of trafficking, the most common being sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and domestic servitude. Survival sex is common in the pediatric population, as they engage in sex for food, a place to sleep, or other basic needs. Statistics show that health care workers are at a unique advantage to help identify victims and get them the help they need, as 88% of trafficked victims encounter a health care worker while being trafficked. Unfortunately, victims don’t usually self-identify that they are being trafficked and the situations they face can vary dramatically. It is imperative to remember that traditional red flags are not always present in the pediatric population. Risk factors and red flags with their history and physical exam are one of the best indicators that health care providers need to be vigilant in looking at. There are numerous barriers for disclosure in the healthcare setting. Periods of time before and after disclosure are often emotionally difficult and could be dangerous for the victim. It is extremely important to have a plan in place for intervention if the victim does disclose trafficking. A trauma informed approach to medical and mental health interventions, that focus on safety, are vital in this population. This is happening where you live and you can make a difference in their lives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20medicine" title=" emergency medicine"> emergency medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20health" title=" sexual health"> sexual health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186660/human-trafficking-in-your-backyard-know-the-signs-and-how-to-help" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> The Mitigation of Human Trafficking through Agricultural Development: A Proactive International Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brianna%20Douglas">Brianna Douglas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A literary Meta-Analysis was conducted in order to form a proactive solution to the systematic issue of international human trafficking stemming from the Asia-Pacific region. This approach seeks to resolve the low economic prospect for women in the region, along with other identified drivers, to mitigate human trafficking before it begins. Through the reallocation of aid in agriculture, implementation of an education-for-education model, and provision of access to market information to the women in rural regions, the retraction of both the supply and international demand curves of trafficked humans is possible; resulting in the shutdown of the market as a whole. This report provides a basic and adaptable proposal to mitigation the selling of Asia Pacific women within international trafficking schemes with byproduct effects of increasing food, sustainability and decreasing government spending. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20development" title=" agricultural development"> agricultural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asia%20Pacific" title=" Asia Pacific"> Asia Pacific</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20empowerment" title=" women's empowerment"> women's empowerment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95535/the-mitigation-of-human-trafficking-through-agricultural-development-a-proactive-international-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> Muddle Effort for Organized Crime in India: Social Work Concern for Anti Human Trafficking Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkamal%20Ajmeri">Rajkamal Ajmeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leena%20Mehta"> Leena Mehta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Growing magnitude of human trafficking is the indicatory symptom of ill society. Despite of many treaties, legislation and protocols control over human trafficking require additional attention. However, many Anti Human Trafficking Units (AHTU) are working throughout India but it is a fact that incidence pertaining to illegal human trade is not fully under control. Social work as discipline and practice base profession has a lot of concern about situation and the trafficked victims. United state put Indian in tier II watch list because they are not fully complying with the minimum standard of Trafficking Victims Protection laws but they are making a significant effort to bring themselves into compliance with those standards. In order to solve the issue, scientific research of experiences and opinions of government / non government machineries can play an effective role in raising the standard legislation for trafficked victims. Proper study can enhance understanding on various problems faced by government machineries. The study can help in developing the scientific model, which can effectively solve the problem in human trafficking field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislations" title=" legislations"> legislations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=victims" title=" victims"> victims</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work" title=" social work"> social work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20machinery" title=" government machinery"> government machinery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73195/muddle-effort-for-organized-crime-in-india-social-work-concern-for-anti-human-trafficking-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">593</span> A Theory of Aftercare for Human Trafficking Survivors: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Survivors and Aftercare Providers in South Africa </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robyn%20L.%20Curran">Robyn L. Curran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20R.%20Naidoo"> Joanne R. Naidoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gugu%20Mchunu"> Gugu Mchunu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Along with the increasing awareness of human trafficking, is the acknowledgement that it is no longer just a social problem but also a significant public health problem that requires both increased knowledge and the specialist equipping of aftercare providers such as nurses who care for human trafficking survivors. Current discourse regarding aftercare of human trafficking survivors, is that approaches do not clearly explain the function or content of aftercare and what aftercare entails. Although psychological and medical aftercare are emphasized as important components, little practical attention is devoted to what these components actually involve and the effectiveness of current practice in aftercare. Review of the literature on the processes that take place from aftercare to empowerment, revealed the need for emphasis to be placed on the voices of survivors concerning their liberation from oppression. The aim of the study was to develop a theory for aftercare of human trafficking survivors, through analyzing the experiences of survivors and aftercare providers in shelters in three provinces in South Africa. Through using a Straussian grounded theory approach, the researcher developed a theory to inform care of human trafficking survivors in low resource settings using the voice of the survivors and those experienced in direct care of human trafficking survivors. Four human trafficking survivors and three aftercare providers from three shelters in three provinces in South Africa were individually interviewed in order for the theory to emerge. The findings of the study elicited a theoretical model of the renewed self, and the conditions that facilitate this process in care of human trafficking survivors. The process that human trafficking survivors navigate to empowerment require mutual collaboration of the aftercare provider and survivor as the survivor awakens vision, confronts reality, re-salvages autonomy and liberates self. Psychological resilience of the survivor facilitates the transition to renewed self. The recommendations of this study may improve the nursing care provided to human trafficking survivors and equip professionals with knowledge and skills to promote the process of renewing self for survivors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aftercare" title="aftercare">aftercare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aftercare%20providers" title=" aftercare providers"> aftercare providers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounded%20theory" title=" grounded theory"> grounded theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking%20survivors" title=" human trafficking survivors"> human trafficking survivors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92959/a-theory-of-aftercare-for-human-trafficking-survivors-a-grounded-theory-analysis-of-survivors-and-aftercare-providers-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">592</span> Religious Coercion as Means of Trafficking in Women and Faith Communities’ Role in Ending Such Religious Exploitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyu%20Stephanie%20Ren">Xiaoyu Stephanie Ren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increase of massive migration, economic polarization, as well as increasing awareness and respects for religious freedom in the world, women have become unprecedentedly vulnerable to trafficking involving religious coercion. Such cases can also bring enormous challenges for prosecution in which the prosecutor bears the burden of proving that the victim acted, or not acted in a certain way due to the exploitation of her belief system: (1) Jurors who are nonbelievers tend not to be convinced that something of intangible nature can act as the force to get victim into women trafficking situation; (2) Court more often than not rules in favor of victims in women trafficking cases involving religious exploitation only when there is physical coercion in addition to religious coercion; (3) Female victims are often reluctant to testify at court due to their godly fear and loyalty to trafficker. Using case study methodology, this paper examines the unique characteristics of religious coercion as means of trafficking in women from a legal perspective and proposes multiple ways based on communal beliefs that faith communities, as victims for such crime themselves, can act in order to help to end religious exploitation. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to improve acknowledgment for the role of religious coercion as a sole force for women trafficking situation; to discuss legal hurdles in prosecuting women trafficking cases involving religious coercion; and to propose collaboration across borders among faith communities to end such exploitation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20trafficking" title="women trafficking">women trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20violence" title=" sex violence"> sex violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20exploitation" title=" religious exploitation"> religious exploitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faith%20community" title=" faith community"> faith community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosecution" title=" prosecution"> prosecution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108292/religious-coercion-as-means-of-trafficking-in-women-and-faith-communities-role-in-ending-such-religious-exploitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">591</span> Women-Hating Masculinities: How the Demand for Prostitution Fuels Sex Trafficking </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20M.%20Senent">Rosa M. Senent</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the centuries, prostitution has been problematized from many sides, with women always at the center of the debate. However, prostitution is a gendered, demand-driven phenomenon. Thus, a focus must be put on the men who demand it, as an increasing number of studies have been done in the last few decades. The purpose of this paper is to expose how men's discourse online reveals the link between their demand for paid sex in prostitution and sex trafficking. The methodological tool employed was Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). A critical analysis of sex buyers' discourse online showed that online communities of sex buyers are a useful tool in researching their behavior towards women, that their knowledge of sex trafficking and exploitation do not work as a deterrent for them to buy sex, and that the type of masculinity that sex buyers endorse is characterized by attitudes linked to the perpetuation of violence against women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masculinities" title="masculinities">masculinities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostitution" title=" prostitution"> prostitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20trafficking" title=" sex trafficking"> sex trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119018/women-hating-masculinities-how-the-demand-for-prostitution-fuels-sex-trafficking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">590</span> Looking At Labor Trafficking In Poland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashlyn%20Smith">Ashlyn Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Zampelli"> Chloe Zampelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Manna"> Vincent Manna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vernon%20Murray"> Vernon Murray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to Polaris (a UN affiliate), there are currently 44 million human trafficking victims globally. Using a sample of 137 labor trafficking victims in Poland, we found that all were Ukrainian citizens. We categorized victims according to the “Victim Intervention Marketing” (Murray) social marketing framework. The largest victim type consisted of “Willing Assimilators” (57%). This means they entered their particular trafficking situations without coercion and were left at will. Such victims are typically driven by financial desperation. Twenty percent (20%) of Willing Assimilators were men, and 80% were women. Victims who were not Willing Assimilators were forced as either “Enlightened Apostates” (37%) or “Tricked and Trapped” (7%). All of the forced victims were women. Crosstabs with Chi-square test (Pearson Chi-Square test significance = .002) results indicated that the male victims were all between 30 and 38 years old, while female victim ages ranged from 24 to 47. Accordingly, labor trafficking victim interventions in Poland should be age-sensitive and focus on three areas: 1) economic development for the Willing Assimilators, 2) training to identify fraudulent job postings, etc. for the Tricked and Trapped segment, and 3) training to equip potential victims to distrust certain close “loved ones” for the Enlightened Apostates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20trafficking" title=" labor trafficking"> labor trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20marketing" title=" social marketing"> social marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=victim%20intervention%20marketing" title=" victim intervention marketing"> victim intervention marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142988/looking-at-labor-trafficking-in-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">589</span> Human Trafficking and Prostitution in Amsterdam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Roiz">Isabel Roiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandra%20Cossio"> Alejandra Cossio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This essay will talk about the problems of forced prostitution, human trafficking, and sexual exploitation in the Netherlands. This work conveys information from different sources stating the numbers and statistics of human trafficking throughout Europe and the different types of sexual exploitation as well as the means used for coercing victims into this illegal net. The research aims to inform and compare the way this business is handled and the ways used by criminals to lure and retain victims in spite of the law. It also tries to compare the laws in the Netherlands and Sweden regarding prostitution affects the illegal migration problems and how they change the ways those who work as prostitutes are treated. The aim of the paper is to take all of these aspects into consideration and reach a decision of what laws would most beneficiate the victims. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostitution" title=" prostitution"> prostitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laws%20of%20migration" title=" laws of migration"> laws of migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amsterdam" title=" Amsterdam"> Amsterdam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22571/human-trafficking-and-prostitution-in-amsterdam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">588</span> Film Review of 'Heroic Saviours and Survivors': The Representation of Sex Trafficking in Popular Films in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20James">Nisha James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubha%20Ranganathan"> Shubha Ranganathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most poignant forms of organized crime against women, which has rarely made it to the world of Indian cinema, is that of sex trafficking, i.e. the forcible involvement of women in the sex trade through fraud or coercion (Hughes, 2005). In the space of Indian cinema, much of the spotlight has been on the sensational drug trafficking and gang mafia of Bombay. During our research on sex trafficking, the rehabilitated women interviewed often expressed strong criticism about mass media’s naive portrayal of prostitutes as money-minting, happy and sexually driven women. They argued that this unrealistic portrayal ignored the fact that this was not a reality for the majority of trafficked women. Given the gravity of sex trafficking as a human rights issue, it is, therefore, refreshing to see three recent films on sex trafficking in Indian Languages – Naa Bangaaru Talli (2014, Telugu), Mardaani (2014, Hindi) and Lakshmi (2014, Hindi). This paper reviews these three films to explore the portrayal of the everyday reality of trafficking for women. Film analysis was used to understand the representation of psychological issues in the media. The strength of these movies starts with their inspirations which are of true stories and that they are all aimed at bringing awareness about the issue of sex trafficking, which is a rising social evil in Indian society though none of the three films move to portray the next phase of rehabilitation and reintegration of victims, which is a very complex and important process in the life of a survivor. According to findings, survivors of sex trafficking find the rehabilitation and reintegration into society to be a slow and tough part of their life as they continuously face stigma and social exclusion and have to strive to live against all odds of non-acceptance starting from their family. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20review" title="film review">film review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20films" title=" Indian films"> Indian films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20trafficking" title=" sex trafficking"> sex trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survivors" title=" survivors"> survivors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22383/film-review-of-heroic-saviours-and-survivors-the-representation-of-sex-trafficking-in-popular-films-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">587</span> Oath Taking-An Approach to Combating Criminality: Challenges and Implication to the Victim Centered Approach in Human Trafficking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faith%20G.%20Ehiemua">Faith G. Ehiemua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20E.%20Ulinfun"> Chandra E. Ulinfun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents two approaches that use competing models to combat criminality in human trafficking. It argues that oath-taking is an approach used to combat and repress crime by natives of African descent. Therefore, certain value choices reflected explicitly or implicitly in its habitual functioning are features of crime control, a model of the criminal process used to repress and prevent crime. By pitting the approaches against each other, the work examines the utility of the purpose of each approach with the aim of assessing moral worthiness. The approaches adopted are descriptive, normative, and theoretical. The findings reveal that oath-taking is effective in human trafficking mainly because Africans believe that the African traditional system is efficient. However, the utilitarian ethical theory applied to the use of oath-taking in human trafficking shows oath-taking as protecting the interest of human traffickers against the general good of society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title="human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oath%20taking" title=" oath taking"> oath taking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilitarianism" title=" utilitarianism"> utilitarianism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=victim-centered%20approach" title=" victim-centered approach"> victim-centered approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123735/oath-taking-an-approach-to-combating-criminality-challenges-and-implication-to-the-victim-centered-approach-in-human-trafficking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">586</span> The Social Construction of the Family among the Survivors of Sex Trafficking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20James">Nisha James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubha%20Ranganathan"> Shubha Ranganathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sex trafficking is a traumatic ongoing process which includes human rights violations against the victims. Majority of the trafficked individuals in India are from families with low socioeconomic status, from rural areas, unmarried or married off at a very young age. Many of the sex trafficked feel that it is necessary to make sacrifices, for the benefit of their families. The combination of these cultural family values with the stigma of rape and prostitution are manipulated and used as a tool in the abuse of power against the sex trafficked. The rescue, rehabilitation and reintegration of these individuals are usually difficult due to the stigma and social exclusion that they face. In these circumstances, social support is very effective in social inclusion of these individuals. The present study was a qualitative one, using semi-structured interviews with 29 Indian survivors of sex trafficking and a few sex workers. Thematic analysis was done on the data derived from the semi-structured interviews. The major findings indicate that the family can be seen as both the ‘cause’ for being sex trafficked, and the factor in victim continuing to be sex trafficked. At the same time, it can also become a driver for getting rescued, rehabilitated and reintegrated. The study also explores the social construction about ‘family’ among the survivors of sex trafficking, reflecting on who they refer to as ‘family’, what they mean by the term ‘family’ and how these families emerge. Therefore the analytic concept of ‘family’ is a crucial element in sex trafficking and cannot be defined only in terms of its conventional definition of a basic unit of society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex-trafficking" title="sex-trafficking">sex-trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survivor" title=" survivor"> survivor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20construction" title=" social construction"> social construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21581/the-social-construction-of-the-family-among-the-survivors-of-sex-trafficking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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