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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegación </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visitar a páxina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_da_comunidade" title="Información acerca do proxecto, do que pode facer e dos lugares onde atopar as cousas"><span>Portal da comunidade</span></a></li><li id="n-A-Taberna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:A_Taberna"><span>A Taberna</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Actualidade" title="Información acerca de acontecementos de actualidade"><span>Actualidade</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_recentes" title="A lista de modificacións recentes no wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Cambios recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-Artigos-de-calidade" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artigos_de_calidade"><span>Artigos de calidade</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Ao_chou" title="Cargar unha páxina ao chou [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Páxina ao chou</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Axuda" title="O lugar para informarse"><span>Axuda</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_especiais"><span>Páxinas especiais</span></a></li> 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Páxinas para os editores sen a sesión iniciada <a href="/wiki/Axuda:Introduci%C3%B3n" aria-label="Máis información sobre a edición"><span>máis información</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:As_mi%C3%B1as_contribuci%C3%B3ns" title="Unha lista das modificacións feitas desde este enderezo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucións</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:A_mi%C3%B1a_conversa" title="Conversa acerca de edicións feitas desde este enderezo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Historia"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antigüidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antigüidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antigüidade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antigüidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idade_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idade_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Idade media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idade_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idade_moderna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idade_moderna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Idade moderna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idade_moderna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Era industrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_postindustrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_postindustrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Era postindustrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_postindustrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanización" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanización"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Urbanización</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanización-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concepto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Concepto</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concepto-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Concepto"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concepto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A_cidade_na_antiga_Roma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_cidade_na_antiga_Roma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>A cidade na antiga Roma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_cidade_na_antiga_Roma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_cidade_medieval_e_renacentista_na_Península_Ibérica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_cidade_medieval_e_renacentista_na_Península_Ibérica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>A cidade medieval e renacentista na Península Ibérica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_cidade_medieval_e_renacentista_na_Península_Ibérica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O_concepto_de_cidade_na_Conferencia_Europea_de_Estatística_de_Praga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_concepto_de_cidade_na_Conferencia_Europea_de_Estatística_de_Praga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>O concepto de cidade na Conferencia Europea de Estatística de Praga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_concepto_de_cidade_na_Conferencia_Europea_de_Estatística_de_Praga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partes_dunha_cidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partes_dunha_cidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Partes dunha cidade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partes_dunha_cidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipos_de_cidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipos_de_cidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tipos de cidade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipos_de_cidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_artigos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Táboa de contidos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cidade</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 216 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-216" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">216 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8C" title="Ақалақь – abkhazo" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ақалақь" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhazo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ከተማ – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ከተማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokayto" title="Tokayto – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Tokayto" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudat" title="Ciudat – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciudat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burg" title="Burg – inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Burg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" title="مدينة – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدينة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܕܝܢܬܐ – arameo" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܕܝܢܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" title="مدينة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مدينة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="مدينه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%B0" title="চহৰ – assamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চহৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciud%C3%A1" title="Ciudá – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciudá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шагьар – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шагьар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marka" title="Marka – aimará" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Marka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99h%C9%99r" title="Şəhər – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəhər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="شهر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شهر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ҡала – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡала" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota – balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stod" title="Stod – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miests" title="Miests – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Miests" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad" title="Syudad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Syudad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Горад – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Горад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Град – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Град" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="शहर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuta" title="Kuta – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kuta" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="নগর – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AAr" title="Kêr – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kêr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad" title="Grad – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Хото – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хото" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat" title="Ciutat – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A0ng-ch%C3%AA" title="Siàng-chê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siàng-chê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="ГӀала – checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan" title="Dakbayan – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangkulo" title="Dangkulo – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Dangkulo" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%B2%E1%8E%A2" title="ᎦᏚᎲᎢ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏚᎲᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شار – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeer" title="Şeer – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şeer" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bsto" title="Město – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Město" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Градъ – eslavo eclesiástico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavo eclesiástico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хула – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хула" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas" title="Dinas – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBke" title="Sûke – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sûke" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Πόλη – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%AA" title="Sitê – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sitê" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City" title="City – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="City" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbo" title="Urbo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad" title="Ciudad – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn" title="Linn – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiri" title="Hiri – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A1" title="Ciá – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ciá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="شهر – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupunki" title="Kaupunki – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liin" title="Liin – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Liin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siti" title="Siti – fixiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Siti" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fixiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BDur" title="Býur – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Býur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville" title="Ville – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ville" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vela" title="Vela – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vela" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4%C3%A4d" title="Stääd – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stääd" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A2t" title="Citât – friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Citât" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%AAd" title="Stêd – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stêd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair" title="Cathair – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaba" title="Kasaba – gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kasaba" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="城市" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil" title="Vil – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Vil" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baile_m%C3%B2r" title="Baile mòr – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Baile mòr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1va" title="Táva – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Táva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0" title="શહેર – guxarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શહેર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guxarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alijunapiapa%27a" title="Alijunapiapa'a – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Alijunapiapa'a" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-valley" title="Ard-valley – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ard-valley" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sàng-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sàng-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABlanakauhale" title="Kūlanakauhale – hawaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kūlanakauhale" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8" title="עיר – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="शहर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/City" title="City – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="City" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad" title="Grad – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bsto" title="Město – alto sorbio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Město" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil" title="Vil – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1ros" title="Város – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Város" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84" title="Քաղաք – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citate" title="Citate – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Citate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9" title="Cité – occidental" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cité" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeama" title="Okeama – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Okeama" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniqpak" title="Iniqpak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Iniqpak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad" title="Siudad – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Пхье – inguxo" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Пхье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbo" title="Urbo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Urbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borg" title="Borg – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Borg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0" title="Città – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%93%87%E1%93%96%E1%91%A6" title="ᓄᓇᓖᑦ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓄᓇᓖᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="都市 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="都市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siti" title="Siti – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Siti" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcadu" title="tcadu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcadu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha" title="Kutha – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="დიდი ქალაქი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი ქალაქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamdint" title="Tamdint – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamdint" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D" title="Къалэ – cabardiano" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къалэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%A9t%C4%A9" title="Cĩtĩ – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Cĩtĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Қала – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қала" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="ទីក្រុង – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីក្រុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0" title="ನಗರ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C" title="도시 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шахар – carachaio-bálcara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шахар" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8E%DB%81%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="شَہَر – caxemirés" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شَہَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemirés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajar" title="Bajar – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bajar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кар – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кар" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cita" title="Cita – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cita" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шаар – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шаар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbs" title="Urbs – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Urbs" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad" title="Sivdad – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%83" title="Шагьру – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Шагьру" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шегьер – lezguio" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Шегьер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezguio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjtad" title="Sjtad – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjtad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zit%C3%A0" title="Zità – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zità" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A0" title="Cità – lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engumba" title="Engumba – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Engumba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miestas" title="Miestas – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miestas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%ABsts" title="Mīsts – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Mīsts" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pils%C4%93ta" title="Pilsēta – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pilsēta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kottha" title="Kottha – madurés" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kottha" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="शहर – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%88%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ошсь – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ошсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%C3%A0n-dehibe" title="Tanàn-dehibe – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tanàn-dehibe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ола – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ола" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81one" title="Tāone – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tāone" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kota" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Град – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Град" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നഗരം – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Хот – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="शहर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शहर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar" title="Bandar – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade" title="Cidade – mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cidade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="شهر – mazandaraní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شهر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altepetl" title="Altepetl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Altepetl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A0" title="Cità – napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cità" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadt" title="Stadt – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stadt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad_(woonstee)" title="Stad (woonstee) – baixo saxón" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stad (woonstee)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo saxón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="सहर – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सहर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="नगर – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नगर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9" title="Cité – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Cité" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vila" title="Vila – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vila" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnu" title="Linnu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Linnu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сахар – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сахар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudat" title="Siudat – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siudat" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schtadt" title="Schtadt – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schtadt" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto" title="Miasto – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miasto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%A0" title="Sità – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sità" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="شہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Πόλη – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πόλη" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ښار – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade" title="Cidade – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llaqta" title="Llaqta – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro" title="Foro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Foro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora%C8%99" title="Oraș – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oraș" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2s%C3%A2b%C4%83" title="Câsâbă – aromanés" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Câsâbă" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetata_granne" title="Cetata granne – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cetata granne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Город – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Город" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Місто – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Місто" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Куорат – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Куорат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citati" title="Citati – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Citati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceety" title="Ceety – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ceety" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="شھر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شھر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad" title="Grad – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB" title="නගර – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නගර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/City" title="City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesto_(v%C5%A1eobecne)" title="Mesto (všeobecne) – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mesto (všeobecne)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesto" title="Mesto – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mesto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guta" title="Guta – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Guta" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caasimad" title="Caasimad – somalí" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Caasimad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qyteti" title="Qyteti – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qyteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Град – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Град" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kota" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiji" title="Jiji – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjasto" title="Mjasto – silesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjasto" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாநகரம் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாநகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80)" title="నగరం (సిటీ) – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నగరం (సిటీ)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80" title="Шаҳр – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шаҳр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3" title="นคร – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นคร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod" title="Lungsod – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C9%99h%C9%99r" title="Šəhər – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Šəhər" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eehir" title="Şehir – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şehir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorobha" title="Dorobha – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Dorobha" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Шәһәр – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шәһәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кар (география) – udmurto" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кар (география)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Місто – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Місто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="شہر – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahar" title="Shahar – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shahar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%A0" title="Sità – véneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sità" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="véneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidn" title="Lidn – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lidn" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91" title="Thành phố – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành phố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zif" title="Zif – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zif" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veye_(djeyografeye)" title="Veye (djeyografeye) – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Veye (djeyografeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad" 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class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lista_de_artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter" title="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter"><img alt="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/22px-AD_%2B30.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/33px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/44px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Toronto_Downtown_Core_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Toronto_Downtown_Core_at_Night.jpg/300px-Toronto_Downtown_Core_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Toronto_Downtown_Core_at_Night.jpg/450px-Toronto_Downtown_Core_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Toronto_Downtown_Core_at_Night.jpg/600px-Toronto_Downtown_Core_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> á noite.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>cidade</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> é actualmente considerada como unha entidade urbana con alta <a href="/wiki/Densidade_de_poboaci%C3%B3n" title="Densidade de poboación">densidade de poboación</a> na que predominan fundamentalmente a <a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">industria</a> e os <a href="/wiki/Servizo" title="Servizo">servizos</a>. Diferénciase doutras entidades urbanas por diversos criterios, entre os que se inclúen <a href="/wiki/Poboaci%C3%B3n" title="Poboación">poboación</a>, <a href="/wiki/Densidade_de_poboaci%C3%B3n" title="Densidade de poboación">densidade de poboación</a> ou estatuto legal, aínda que a súa distinción varía entre países. </p><p>Historicamente os habitantes das cidades foron unha proporción pequena da humanidade en xeral, mais hoxe, despois de varios séculos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urbanizaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urbanización (a páxina aínda non existe)">urbanización</a> sen precedentes e acelerada, a metade da <a href="/wiki/Poboaci%C3%B3n_mundial" title="Poboación mundial">poboación mundial</a> vive nas cidades. As cidades actuais normalmente forman o núcleo de grandes <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana" title="Área metropolitana">áreas metropolitanas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aglomeraci%C3%B3n" title="Aglomeración">áreas urbanas</a>, creando numerosos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Migraci%C3%B3n_pendular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migración pendular (a páxina aínda non existe)">desprazamentos diarios</a> cara ó centro das cidades para traballar, divertirse, ou estudar. </p><p>A cidade máis poboada é <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> mentres que as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_%C3%A1reas_metropolitanas_por_poboaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de áreas metropolitanas por poboación (a páxina aínda non existe)">áreas metropolitanas máis grandes</a> tamén inclúen a <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81rea_do_Gran_Toquio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Área do Gran Toquio (a páxina aínda non existe)">Área do Gran Toquio</a> e a <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana_de_Iacarta" title="Área metropolitana de Iacarta">área metropolitana de Iacarta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iacarta" title="Iacarta">Iacarta</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> As cidades de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faiyum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faiyum (a páxina aínda non existe)">Faiyum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco">Damasco</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varanasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varanasi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Varanasi</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> son das cidades habitadas máis continuamente no mundo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Oldest_arch_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oldest_arch_4.JPG/220px-Oldest_arch_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oldest_arch_4.JPG/330px-Oldest_arch_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oldest_arch_4.JPG/440px-Oldest_arch_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Un <a href="/wiki/Arco_(arquitectura)" title="Arco (arquitectura)">arco</a> da antiga cidade <a href="/wiki/Sumeria" title="Sumeria">Sumeria</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, que floreceu no <a href="/wiki/III_milenio_a._C." title="III milenio a. C.">III milenio a. C.</a>, pode verse actualmente en Tell el-Mukayyar en <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Mohenjo-daro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mohenjo-daro.jpg/220px-Mohenjo-daro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mohenjo-daro.jpg/330px-Mohenjo-daro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mohenjo-daro.jpg/440px-Mohenjo-daro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a>, unha cidade da <a href="/wiki/Civilizaci%C3%B3n_do_val_do_Indo" title="Civilización do val do Indo">Civilización do val do Indo</a>, que foi reconstruída seis ou máis veces, usando ladrillos de tamaño estándar, seguindo a mesma estrutura de reixa que no III milenio a. C.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Teotihuac%C3%A1n_2012-09-28_00-07-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Teotihuac%C3%A1n_2012-09-28_00-07-11.jpg/220px-Teotihuac%C3%A1n_2012-09-28_00-07-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Teotihuac%C3%A1n_2012-09-28_00-07-11.jpg/330px-Teotihuac%C3%A1n_2012-09-28_00-07-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Teotihuac%C3%A1n_2012-09-28_00-07-11.jpg/440px-Teotihuac%C3%A1n_2012-09-28_00-07-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3221" data-file-height="2328" /></a><figcaption>Esta vista aérea do que antigamente foi o centro de <a href="/wiki/Teotihuac%C3%A1n" title="Teotihuacán">Teotihuacán</a>, amosa a <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mide_do_Sol" title="Pirámide do Sol">pirámide do Sol</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pir%C3%A1mide_da_L%C3%BAa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirámide da Lúa (a páxina aínda non existe)">pirámide da Lúa</a>, e a avenida procesional que servía de espiña dorsal do sistema de rúas da cidade.</figcaption></figure> <p>As cidades, caracterizadas pola <a href="/wiki/Densidade_de_poboaci%C3%B3n" title="Densidade de poboación">densidade de poboación</a>, a súa función <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo" title="Símbolo">simbólica</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Planificaci%C3%B3n_urban%C3%ADstica" title="Planificación urbanística">ordenación urbana</a>, teñen existido dende hai miles de anos. Na visión convencional, civilización e cidade derivan as dúas do <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Neol%C3%ADtica" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolución Neolítica">desenvolvemento da agricultura</a>, que permitiu a produción dun superávit de comida, e así a unha <a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_do_traballo" title="División do traballo">división do traballo</a> social (coa <a href="/wiki/Estratificaci%C3%B3n_social" title="Estratificación social">estratificación social</a> asociada) e ao <a href="/wiki/Comercio" title="Comercio">comercio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> As primeiras cidades a miúdo presentan <a href="/wiki/Celeiro_(construci%C3%B3n)" title="Celeiro (construción)">graneiros</a>, ás veces dentro dun templo.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Un punto de vista minoritario considera que as cidades poderían ter xurdido sen a agricultura, grazas a medios de subsistencia alternativos (pesca),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> para usar como refuxios estacionais comunais,<sup id="cite_ref-Perlman16_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perlman16-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> ó seu valor como bases para a organización militar defensiva e ofensiva,<sup id="cite_ref-Mumfurd1961war_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumfurd1961war-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ashworth1991p12_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashworth1991p12-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> ou á súa función económica inherente.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs_1969_23_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobs_1969_23-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> As cidades xogaban unha función crucial no establecemento do poder político sobre unha área, e os antigos dirixentes como <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_o_Grande" title="Alexandre o Grande">Alexandre o Grande</a> fundáronas e creáronas con entusiasmo.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antigüidade"><span id="Antig.C3.BCidade"></span>Antigüidade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Antigüidade»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Antigüidade"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Xeric%C3%B3" title="Xericó">Xericó</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a>, datadas no <a href="/w/index.php?title=VIII_milenio_a._C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VIII milenio a. C. (a páxina aínda non existe)">VIII milenio a. C.</a>, están entre as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protocidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protocidade (a páxina aínda non existe)">cidades máis temperás</a> coñecidas polos arqueólogos.<sup id="cite_ref-Perlman16_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perlman16-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No <a href="/wiki/IV_milenio_a._C." title="IV milenio a. C.">cuarto</a> e <a href="/wiki/III_milenio_a._C." title="III milenio a. C.">III milenio a. C.</a>, civilizacións complexas prosperaban nos vales dos río de <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Exipto" title="Exipto">Exipto</a>. As escavacións nestas áreas atoparon as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ru%C3%ADnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruínas (a páxina aínda non existe)">ruínas</a> de cidades orientadas diversamente cara ao comercio, a política, ou a relixión. Algunhas tiveron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Densidade_urbana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Densidade urbana (a páxina aínda non existe)">poboacións densas</a>, mais outras levaron a cabo actividades urbanas nos ámbitos da política ou relixión sen ter poboacións asociadas grandes. Entre as primeiras cidades do mundo antigo, <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a> da civilización do Val do Indo, no actual <a href="/wiki/Paquist%C3%A1n" title="Paquistán">Paquistán</a>, existindo desde ó redor do 2600 a. C., era unha das máis grandes, cunha poboación de 50.000 ou máis e un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saneamento_da_civilizaci%C3%B3n_do_Val_do_Indo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saneamento da civilización do Val do Indo (a páxina aínda non existe)">sistema de saneamento moi sofisticado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> As cidades chinesas planeadas foron construídas segundo principios sacros para actuar como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microcosmos_e_macrocosmos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microcosmos e macrocosmos (a páxina aínda non existe)">microcosmos</a> celestiais.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_cidades_exipcias_antigas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de cidades exipcias antigas (a páxina aínda non existe)">cidades exipcias Antigas</a> coñecidas fisicamente polos arqueólogos non son exhaustivas.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2002_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2002-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Inclúen (coñecidas polos seus nomes árabes) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Lahun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Lahun (a páxina aínda non existe)">El Lahun</a>, unha cidade de traballadores asociada coa pirámide de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesostris_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesostris II (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sesostris II</a>, e a cidade relixiosa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amarna (a páxina aínda non existe)">Amarna</a> construída por <a href="/wiki/Akhenat%C3%B3n" title="Akhenatón">Akhenatón</a> e abandonada. Estes sitios aparecen planeados cun alto regulamento e cun tipo de <a href="/wiki/Estratificaci%C3%B3n_social" title="Estratificación social">estratificación</a>, cun enreixado minimalístico de habitacións para os traballadores e incrementalmente máis casas elaboradas dispoñibles para as clases máis altas.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En Mesopotamia, a civilización <a href="/wiki/Sumeria" title="Sumeria">Sumeria</a>, seguida de <a href="/wiki/Asiria" title="Asiria">Asiria</a> e <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" title="Babilonia">Babilonia</a>, crearon un gran número de cidades, gobernadas por reis e promovendo múltiples linguas escritas en <a href="/wiki/Escrita_cuneiforme" title="Escrita cuneiforme">escrita cuneiforme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> O imperio comecial <a href="/wiki/Fenicios" title="Fenicios">fenicio</a>, prosperando ao redor da do <a href="/wiki/I_milenio_a._C." title="I milenio a. C.">I milenio a. C.</a>, abarcou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_cidades_fenicias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de cidades fenicias (a páxina aínda non existe)">numerosas cidades</a> estendéndose dende <a href="/wiki/Tiro" title="Tiro">Tiro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cido (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cido</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Biblos" title="Biblos">Biblos</a> a <a href="/wiki/Cartago" title="Cartago">Cartago</a> e <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>. </p><p>Nos séculos seguintes, <a href="/wiki/Cidade-estado" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidade-estado">cidades-estado</a> independentes de <a href="/wiki/Grecia_antiga" title="Grecia antiga">Grecia</a> desenvolveron a <i><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a></i>, unha asociación de terratenentes <a href="/wiki/Cidadan%C3%ADa" title="Cidadanía">cidadáns</a> que colectivamente constituíron a cidade.<sup id="cite_ref-tws2Y21_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tws2Y21-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gora" title="Ágora">ágora</a>, que significa "sitio de reunión" ou "asemblea", era o centro atlético, artístico, de vida espiritual e política da polis.<sup id="cite_ref-InternationalDictionary_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InternationalDictionary-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> O aumento de poder de Roma levou á súa poboación ata un millón de habitantes. Baixo a autoridade <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Romano" title="Imperio Romano">do seu imperio</a>, Roma transformouse e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_das_cidades_fundadas_polos_romanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista das cidades fundadas polos romanos (a páxina aínda non existe)">fundou</a> moitas cidades (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_romana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia romana (a páxina aínda non existe)">coloniae</a></i>), e con eles levaron os seus principios de arquitectura urbana, deseño, e sociedade.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idade_media">Idade media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Idade media»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Idade media"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C3%ADda_do_imperio_romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caída do imperio romano (a páxina aínda non existe)">caída do imperio romano</a> as cidades da antigüidade gañaron independencia, mais axiña perderon poboación e importancia. O centro do poder occidental moveuse a <a href="/wiki/Constantinopla" title="Constantinopla">Constantinopla</a> e á civilización islámica coas súas grandes cidades <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/O_Cairo" title="O Cairo">O Cairo</a> e <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Córdoba, España">Córdoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> Entre os séculos IX e XII, Constantinopla, capital do <a href="/wiki/Imperio_bizantino" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperio bizantino">imperio bizantino</a>, foi a maior cidade de Europa, cunha poboación próxima ao millón de habitantes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán">Imperio Otomán</a> foi conseguindo controlar moitas cidades na área mediterránea, incluíndo Constantinopla en 1453. </p><p>Nos séculos XIII e XIV algunhas cidades convertéronse en estados poderosos, tomando baixo o seu control as áreas que as rodeaban e establecendo imperios marítimos. Na Italia medieval algúns concellos convertéronse en <a href="/wiki/Cidade-estado" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidade-estado">cidades-estado</a>, como a <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Venecia" title="República de Venecia">república de Venecia</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_X%C3%A9nova" title="República de Xénova">república de Xénova</a>. No norte de Europa, cidades como <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bruxas" title="Bruxas">Bruxas</a> formaron a <a href="/wiki/Liga_Hanse%C3%A1tica" title="Liga Hanseática">Liga Hanseática</a> para o comercio e a defensa colectiva. O seu poder foi posteriormente desafiado e eclipsado polas cidades comerciais neerlandesas de <a href="/wiki/Gante" title="Gante">Gante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ypres" class="mw-redirect" title="Ypres">Ypres</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%81msterdam" title="Ámsterdam">Ámsterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> Un fenómeno semellante ocorreu noutros lugares, como no caso de <a href="/wiki/Sakai,_Osaka" title="Sakai, Osaka">Sakai</a>, que gozou dunha considerable autonomía no Xapón medieval. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idade_moderna">Idade moderna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Idade moderna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Idade moderna"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En occidente, os estados-nación convertéronse na unidade principal da organización política trala <a href="/wiki/Paz_de_Westfalia" title="Paz de Westfalia">paz de Westfalia</a> no século XVII.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blomley2013_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blomley2013-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> As grandes capitais da <a href="/wiki/Europa_occidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa occidental">Europa occidental</a> (<a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> e <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>) beneficiáronse do crecemento do comercio coa necesidade do comercio transatlántico. Non obstante, a maioría das vilas seguiron a ser pequenas. </p><p>Durante a colonización española de América empregouse o vello concepto da cidade romana. As cidades fundábanse no medio do territorios acabados de conquistar e rexíanse con leis sobre a administración, as finanzas e o urbanismo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_industrial">Era industrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Era industrial»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Era industrial"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:London_slums_Wellcome_L0000877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/London_slums_Wellcome_L0000877.jpg/220px-London_slums_Wellcome_L0000877.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/London_slums_Wellcome_L0000877.jpg/330px-London_slums_Wellcome_L0000877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/London_slums_Wellcome_L0000877.jpg/440px-London_slums_Wellcome_L0000877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption>Londres no século XIX, superpoboada e cun espeso <i><a href="/wiki/Smog" title="Smog">smog</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>O <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolución industrial">desenvolvemento da industria moderna</a> a partir de finais do século XVIII levou a unha urbanización masiva e ao aumento de novas grandes cidades, primeiro en Europa e despois noutras rexións, como lugares de novas oportunidades que traían un gran número de emigrantes dende as comunidades rurais. Inglaterra liderou o proceso convertendo <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> na capital dun <a href="/wiki/Imperio_brit%C3%A1nico" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperio británico">imperio mundial</a> e facendo crecer cidades por todo o país como lugares estratéxicos para a produción.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> Nos Estados Unidos entre 1860 e 1910, a introdución do <a href="/wiki/Ferrocarril" title="Ferrocarril">ferrocarril</a> reduciu os custos do transporte e emerxeron grandes centros de produción, provocando tamén o <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89xodo_rural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Éxodo rural (a páxina aínda non existe)">éxodo rural</a>. </p><p>As cidades industrializadas eran lugares terribles para vivir, debido aos problemas de saúde que provocaban a <a href="/wiki/Superpoboaci%C3%B3n" title="Superpoboación">superpoboación</a>, o aire e a auga contaminados, a falta de medios <a href="/wiki/Hixiene" title="Hixiene">hixiénicos</a> e as enfermidades contaxiosas como a <a href="/wiki/Febre_tifoide" title="Febre tifoide">febre tifoide</a> ou o <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3lera" title="Cólera">cólera</a>. As fábricas e os barrios pobres eran habituais na paisaxe urbana.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_postindustrial">Era postindustrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Era postindustrial»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Era postindustrial"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na segunda metade do século XX, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desindustrializaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desindustrialización (a páxina aínda non existe)">desindustrialización</a> no mundo occidental levou á <a href="/wiki/Pobreza" title="Pobreza">pobreza</a> e á decadencia urbana a cidades anteriormente prósperas. O "cinto de aceiro" dos Estados Unidos converteuse no "cinto de óxido" e cidades como <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary, Indiana</a> afundíronse ao contrario que a tendencia á expansión urbana global.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durante o <a href="/wiki/Gran_salto_adiante" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran salto adiante">gran salto adiante</a> e os seguintes plans quinquenais da <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a>, produciuse un rápido proceso de urbanización e industrialización, que converteu o país no principal fabricante mundial.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En medio destes cambios económicos, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alta_tecnolox%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alta tecnoloxía (a páxina aínda non existe)">alta tecnoloxía</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Telecomunicaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecomunicación">telecomunicación</a> instantánea permitiu que algunhas cidades se convertesen en centros da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_do_co%C3%B1ecemento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economía do coñecemento (a páxina aínda non existe)">economía do coñecemento</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> Xurdiu entón o novo paradigma da <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smart_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smart city (a páxina aínda non existe)">smart city</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urbanización"><span id="Urbanizaci.C3.B3n"></span>Urbanización</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Urbanización»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Urbanización"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg/220px-Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg/330px-Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg/440px-Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Roupa tendida coidadosamente nestas casas na auga en <a href="/wiki/Iacarta" title="Iacarta">Iacarta</a> preto dun <a href="/wiki/Vertedoiro_(lixo)" title="Vertedoiro (lixo)">vertedoiro</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urbanizaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urbanización (a páxina aínda non existe)">urbanización</a> é o proceso de migración desde as zonas rurais a áreas urbanas, provocado por factores políticos, económicos e culturais. Até o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a>, existía un equilibrio entre a poboación agrícola rural e a das cidades que funcionaban como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercado_(establecemento)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercado (establecemento) (a páxina aínda non existe)">mercados</a> e centros de fabricación de pequena escala.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FreyZimmer2001_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreyZimmer2001-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> Coa revolución <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revoluci%C3%B3n_agr%C3%ADcola_brit%C3%A1nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolución agrícola británica (a páxina aínda non existe)">agrícola</a> e <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolución industrial">industrial</a>, a poboación urbana empezou un crecemento sen precedentes, tanto por migración como pola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transici%C3%B3n_demogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transición demográfica (a páxina aínda non existe)">expansión demográfica</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra">Inglaterra</a> a proporción da poboación que vivía nas cidades saltou dende o 17% en 1801 a un 72% en 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanization_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanization-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> No 1900, o 15% da poboación mundial vivía en cidades.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> A atracción cultural das cidades tamén favorece a chegada de novos residentes.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A urbanización estendeuse rapidamente a través de Europa e América, e desde a década de 1950 tamén tivo lugar en Asia e África. A División de Poboación do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departamento_de_Asuntos_Econ%C3%B3micos_e_Sociais_de_Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departamento de Asuntos Económicos e Sociais de Nacións Unidas (a páxina aínda non existe)">Departamento de Asuntos Económicos e Sociais de Nacións Unidas</a>, informou en 2014 que por primeira vez máis da metade da poboación mundial vivía en cidades.<sup id="cite_ref-SenguptaUN2014_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SenguptaUN2014-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>a<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Historical_global_urban_-_rural_population_trends.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Historical_global_urban_-_rural_population_trends.png/220px-Historical_global_urban_-_rural_population_trends.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Historical_global_urban_-_rural_population_trends.png/330px-Historical_global_urban_-_rural_population_trends.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Historical_global_urban_-_rural_population_trends.png/440px-Historical_global_urban_-_rural_population_trends.png 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption>Gráfico mostrando a urbanización desde 1950 proxectada ata 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Latinoamérica é o continente máis urbano, con catro quintos da súa poboación vivindo en cidades, incluíndo un quinto da poboación residindo en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asentamiento_irregular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asentamiento irregular (a páxina aínda non existe)">asentamentos irregulares</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Favela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Favela (a páxina aínda non existe)">favelas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_miseria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa miseria (a páxina aínda non existe)"><i>villas miserias</i></a> etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batam (a páxina aínda non existe)">Batam</a>, Indonesia, <a href="/wiki/Mogadixo" title="Mogadixo">Mogadixo</a>, Somalia, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a>, China e <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a>, Níxer, son consideradas as cidades que medran máis rápido no mundo, con índices de crecemento anual de 5,8%.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup> En xeral, os <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_desenvolvido" title="País desenvolvido">países máis desenvolvidos</a> do "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Norte_Global&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norte Global (a páxina aínda non existe)">Norte Global</a>" están máis urbanizados que os <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_en_v%C3%ADas_de_desenvolvemento" class="mw-redirect" title="Países en vías de desenvolvemento">países menos desenvolvidos</a> do "<a href="/wiki/Sur_global" title="Sur global">Sur global</a>", pero a diferenza vai encollendo porque a urbanización está a producirse máis rapidamente nese último grupo. <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> é de lonxe o fogar do maior número absoluto de residentes de cidades: sobre dous mil millóns e aumentando.<sup id="cite_ref-FreyZimmer2001_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreyZimmer2001-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> A ONU predí un incremento adicional de 2.5 mil millóns de residentes nas cidades (e 300 millóns menos de residentes no agro) no mundo sobre o 2050, cun 90% de expansión de poboación urbana en Asia e África.<sup id="cite_ref-SenguptaUN2014_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SenguptaUN2014-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megacidades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megacidades (a páxina aínda non existe)">megacidades</a>, cidades cunha poboación de varios millóns de habitantes, proliferaron a ducias, xurdindo especialmente en Asia, África, e Latinoamérica.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup> A globalización económica aviva o crecemento destas cidades, cando novos fluxos de capital estranxeiro se achegan para unha industrialización rápida, así como a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Offshoring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Offshoring (a páxina aínda non existe)">relocalización de negocios importantes</a> desde Europa e Norte América, atraendo <a href="/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n" title="Inmigración">inmigrantes</a> tanto de preto coma de lonxe.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> Unha gran fenda divides ós ricos e ós pobres nestas cidades, que normalmente teñen unha elite súper-rica que vive en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comunidade_pechada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comunidade pechada (a páxina aínda non existe)">comunidades pechadas</a> e masas grandes de persoas que viven en aloxamentos de baixa calidade con infraestruturas inadecuadas e en condicións pobres.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As cidades ao redor do mundo expandíronse fisicamente ó tempo que medraban en poboación, con aumentos na súa extensión, coa creación de grandes edificios para uso residencial e comercial, e co desenvolvemento do <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A urbanización pode crear unha rápida demanda de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xesti%C3%B3n_de_recursos_da_auga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xestión de recursos da auga (a páxina aínda non existe)">xestión de recursos da auga</a>, cando as fontes de auga potable pasan a estar sobreexplotadas e contaminadas, e o volume de <a href="/wiki/Augas_residuais" title="Augas residuais">augas residuais</a> empezan a superar niveis manexábeis.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepto">Concepto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Concepto»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Concepto"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_cidade_na_antiga_Roma">A cidade na antiga Roma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «A cidade na antiga Roma»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: A cidade na antiga Roma"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na <a href="/wiki/Roma_antiga" title="Roma antiga">Roma antiga</a> era cidade (<i>civitas</i>) a zona habitada por cidadáns (<i>civites</i>), os cales eran aqueles que posuían dereitos cidadáns, independentemente da súa actividade, fóra a industria, a agricultura ou os servizos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_cidade_medieval_e_renacentista_na_Península_Ibérica"><span id="A_cidade_medieval_e_renacentista_na_Pen.C3.ADnsula_Ib.C3.A9rica"></span>A cidade medieval e renacentista na Península Ibérica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «A cidade medieval e renacentista na Península Ibérica»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: A cidade medieval e renacentista na Península Ibérica"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España">España</a> <a href="/wiki/Idade_Media" title="Idade Media">medieval</a> e do <a href="/wiki/Renacemento" title="Renacemento">renacemento</a>, unha cidade era a poboación que non tiña Señor e era rexida directamente polo <a href="/wiki/Rei" title="Rei">rei</a>. Tiña o privilexio de enviar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Procurador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procurador (a páxina aínda non existe)">procuradores</a> ás <a href="/wiki/Cortes_espa%C3%B1olas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortes españolas">cortes</a> para negociar as taxas que lle puidesen ser impostas, a cambio de <a href="/wiki/Foro_(contrato)" title="Foro (contrato)">Foros</a>. Esta cualificación de cidade era independente do tamaño, así, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital" title="Capital">capital</a> de <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España">España</a> desde <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>, non era cidade senón <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP,_1994-1995_(large).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg/300px-Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg/450px-Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg/600px-Earth%27s_City_Lights_by_DMSP%2C_1994-1995_%28large%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Luces de cidades, vista de <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9lite_artificial" title="Satélite artificial">satélite</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_concepto_de_cidade_na_Conferencia_Europea_de_Estatística_de_Praga"><span id="O_concepto_de_cidade_na_Conferencia_Europea_de_Estat.C3.ADstica_de_Praga"></span>O concepto de cidade na Conferencia Europea de Estatística de Praga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «O concepto de cidade na Conferencia Europea de Estatística de Praga»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O concepto de cidade na Conferencia Europea de Estatística de Praga"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Conferencia Europea de Estatística de <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> considera como cidade unha aglomeración de máis de 2.000 habitantes sempre que a poboación dedicada á <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> non exceda do 25% sobre o total. A partir de 10.000 habitantes, todas as aglomeracións considéranse cidades, sempre que estes se atopen concentrados, xeralmente en edificacións colectivas e en altura, e sempre que se dediquen fundamentalmente a actividades dos sectores secundario e terciario (<a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">industria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comercio" title="Comercio">comercio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Servizo" title="Servizo">servizos</a>). </p><p>O concepto político de cidade aplícase a conglomerados urbanos con entidade de capitalidade e maior importancia na rexión e que asume os poderes do <a href="/wiki/Estado" title="Estado">Estado</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Naci%C3%B3n" title="Nación">Nación</a>. Será a <i>cidade capitalina</i>, pero por extensión aplícase a denominación a calquera entidade administrativa con algunha autonomía. </p><p>É pois unha definición administrativa do estado político, rexión xeográfica ou comunidade autónoma, que teñen unha cidade central e vilas ou cidades menores. A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xeograf%C3%ADa_urbana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xeografía urbana (a páxina aínda non existe)">xeografía urbana</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociolox%C3%ADa_urbana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socioloxía urbana (a páxina aínda non existe)">socioloxía urbana</a> estudan ambos aspectos desde o punto de vista da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xeograf%C3%ADa_humana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xeografía humana (a páxina aínda non existe)">xeografía humana</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Ecolox%C3%ADa_humana" title="Ecoloxía humana">ecoloxía humana</a>. </p><p>Non se debe confundir cidade con municipalidade, a maior municipalidade do mundo, <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, posúe aproximadamente o mesmo tamaño có estado <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">americano</a> de <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, e contén moita máis área rural do que área urbana. Por outro lado, o contrario tamén acontece. A cidade de <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> posúe apenas 8 mil habitantes. No entanto, a súa rexión metropolitana, isto é, a área urbanizada, posúe máis de 7,5 millóns de habitantes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partes_dunha_cidade">Partes dunha cidade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Partes dunha cidade»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Partes dunha cidade"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image,_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4073" data-file-height="3549" /></a><figcaption>Vista de satélite da gran metrópole de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, con <a href="/wiki/Santos" title="Santos">Santos</a> na costa.</figcaption></figure> <p>As cidades antigas non se planificaban (agás as romanas), polo que non todas constan dos mesmos elementos (as primeiras cidades datan do 3500 a.C.). En xeral, con todo, unha cidade consta do núcleo histórico (orixe da cidade), ensanches posteriores de diferentes épocas, zonas residenciais, zonas industriais (usualmente nos arredores) e centros sociais, aínda que algunhas destas áreas poden superpoñer as súas funcións. As diferentes partes, que forman a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrutura_urbana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estrutura urbana (a páxina aínda non existe)">estrutura urbana</a>, están conectadas por un sistema de transporte público. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipos_de_cidade">Tipos de cidade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar a sección: «Tipos de cidade»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Tipos de cidade"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non hai unha lista completa dos tipos de cidades, que varían moito en función da zona, pero os principais son: </p> <ul><li>Cidade administrativa: sede das institucións políticas, usualmente é unha <a href="/wiki/Capital" title="Capital">capital</a> "nova" que substitúe a poboacións tradicionais, un exemplo é <a href="/wiki/Brasilia" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a></li> <li>Cidade industrial: o sector secundario ocupa un lugar preeminente, como o cinto de <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> ou as cidades alemás da conca do <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Ruhr" title="Río Ruhr">Ruhr</a></li> <li>Cidade turística</li> <li>Cidade comercial</li> <li>Cidade universitaria: ten gran rotación de poboación, unha universidade e vida social e cultural intensa, un bo exemplo é a cidade de <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li>Cidade residencial</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Intelectuais como <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Geddes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Geddes (a páxina aínda non existe)">Patrick Geddes</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingsley_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingsley Davis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kingsley Davis</a> predixeron a chegada dun mundo maioritariamente urbano durante o século XX.<sup id="cite_ref-BrennerSchmid2013_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrennerSchmid2013-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> As Nacións Unidas levaban moito tempo anticipando un medio-mundo urbano, primeiro predicindo o ano 2000 como o punto de inflexión<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> e en 2007 anunciaron que ocorrería en 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup> Outros investigadores tamén estimaban que o punto medio sería superado en 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> A pesar de que a tendencia é indiscutible, a precisión da estatística é dubidosa, debido á confianza nos censos nacionais e ás ambigüidades de definir unha área como urbana.<sup id="cite_ref-BrennerSchmid2013_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrennerSchmid2013-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HugoEtAl2003_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HugoEtAl2003-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Referencias</dt></dl> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Definicións no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academia.gal/dicionario/-/termo/cidade"><i>Dicionario da Real Academia Galega</i></a> e no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portaldaspalabras.gal/dicionario/procura/cidade">Portal das Palabras</a> para <i>cidade</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007, Jennifer Blanke, World Economic Forum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Demographia World Urban Areas</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">13th Annual Edition</a>, abril 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nick Compton, "What is the oldest city in the world?", <i>The Guardian</i>, 16 de febreiro de 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ring, Trudy (2014). <i>Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places</i>. p. 204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.btitle=Middle+East+and+Africa%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=204&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jhimli Mukherjee Pandeyl, "Varanasi is as old as Indus valley civilization, finds IIT-KGP study", <i>Times of India</i>, 25 de febreiro de 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBairoch1988">Bairoch 1988</a>, pp. 3-4)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFPacione2001">Pacione 2001</a>, p. 16)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan et al. (2004), p. 26. "As primeiras cidades tamén reflectían estas precondicións nas que servían como lugares onde os excedentes agrícolas eran almacenados e distribuídos. As cidades funcionaban economicamente cando centros de extracción e redistribución desde campo a graneiros para a poboación urbana. Unha das funcións principais desta autoridade central era extraer, almacenar, e redistribuír o gran. Non é por casualidade que os graneiros-areas de almacenamento para o gran- se atoparan a miúdo dentro dos templos desas primeiras cidades."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer R. Pournelle, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257139948_From_KLM_to_Corona_A_Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_Cultural_Ecology_and_Early_Mesopotamian_Urbanization">KLM to CORONA: A Bird's Eye View of Cultural Ecology and Early Mesopotamian Urbanization"; in <i>Settlement and Society: Essays Dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams</i></a> ed. Elizabeth C. Stone; Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA, and Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perlman16-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Perlman16_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Perlman16_11-1">11,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fredy_Perlman" title="Fredy Perlman">Fredy Perlman</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Against_His-Story,_Against_Leviathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Against His-Story, Against Leviathan (a páxina aínda non existe)">Against His-Story, Against Leviathan</a></i>, Detroit: Black & Red, 1983; p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mumfurd1961war-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mumfurd1961war_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mumford (1961), pp. 39–46. "Ó tempo que os medios físicos aumentaban, esta mitoloxía de poder dun lado, estéril, de feito hostil á vida, levou as súas ideas a cada esquina da escena urbana e atopou, na <i>nova</i> institución de guerra organizada, a súa expresión máis completa. […] Por isto tanto a forma física como a vida institucional da cidade, dende os máis antigos inicios á implosión urbana, foron moldeados sen pequenas medidas polos propósitos irracionais e máxicos da guerra. Dende esta fonte apareceu o elaborado sistema de fortificacións, con paredes, murallas, torres, canais, gabias, que continuaron a caracterizar as cidades históricas, á parte de certos casos especiais -como durante a Pax Romana- ata o século XVIII. […] A guerra levou á concentración do liderado social e do poder político nas mans dunha minoría que levaba as armas, instigado por un sacerdocio exercitando poderes sacros e posuíndo secretos pero valiosos coñecementos científicos e máxicos."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashworth1991p12-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ashworth1991p12_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashworth (1991), pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobs_1969_23-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jacobs_1969_23_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFJacobs1969">Jacobs 1969</a>, p. 23)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_J._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter J. Taylor (a páxina aínda non existe)">P. J. Taylor</a>, "Extraordinary Cities I: Early 'City-ness' and the Invention of Agriculture"; <i>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</i> 36(3), 2012; <a href="//doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01101.x" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01101.x">doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01101.x</a>; ver tamén GaWC Research Bulletins <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb359.html">359</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111172356/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb359.html">Arquivado</a> 11 de novembro de 2017 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. e <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb360.html">360</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113190604/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb360.html">Arquivado</a> 13 de novembro de 2017 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael E. Smith, Jason Ur, & Gary M. Feinman, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/13364827/Smith%20etal%202014%20IJURR.pdf?sequence=1">Jane Jacobs' 'Cities First' Model and Archaeological Reality</a>", <i>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</i> 38, 2014; <a href="//doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12138" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12138">doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12138</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McQuillan (1937/1987), §1.03. "Os antigos fomentaron a expansión da cultura urbana; os seus esforzos foron constantes para levar á súa xente dentro da influencia completa da vida municipal. O desexo de crear cidades foi a característica máis notable da xente da antigüidade, e os antigos gobernantes rivalizaron uns con outros en satisfacer este desexo."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Southall (1998), p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (1998) <i>Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, Karachi e Nova York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Southall (1998), pp. 38-43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2002-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith2002_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-02-EarlyCities.pdf">Earliest Cities</a>", en Gmelch & Zenner (2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moholy-Nagy (1968), pp. 158-161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_McCormick_Adams_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert McCormick Adams Jr. (a páxina aínda non existe)">Robert McCormick Adams Jr.</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/heartland_of_cities.pdf">Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates</a></i>; University of Chicago Press, 1981; <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-226-00544-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-226-00544-5">0-226-00544-5</a>; p. 2. "O sur de Mesopotamia era unha terra de cidades. Converteuse con precocidade, antes da fin do cuarto milenio a.C. As tradicións urbanas mantivéronse fortes e virtualmente continuas a través das vicisitudes de conquista, axitacións internas acompañadas por crise económica xeneralizada, e substitución lingüística masiva e de poboación. O contido simbólico e material da civilización evidentemente cambiou, mais o seu ambiente cultural quedou ligado ás cidades."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tws2Y21-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tws2Y21_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pocock, J. G. A. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i6U7CTuCJLYC&pg=PA31"><i>The Citizenship Debates</i></a>. Chapter 2 -- The Ideal of Citizenship since Classical Times (originally published in <i>Queen's Quarterly</i> 99, no. 1). Minneapolis, MN: The University of Minnesota. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-8166-2880-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-8166-2880-7">0-8166-2880-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=J.+G.+A.&rft.aulast=Pocock&rft.btitle=The+Citizenship+Debates&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8166-2880-7&rft.pages=31&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+MN&rft.pub=The+University+of+Minnesota&rft.series=Chapter+2+--+The+Ideal+of+Citizenship+since+Classical+Times+%28originally+published+in+%27%27Queen%27s+Quarterly%27%27+99%2C+no.+1%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di6U7CTuCJLYC%26pg%3DPA31&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InternationalDictionary-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-InternationalDictionary_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ring, Salkin, Boda, Trudy, Robert, Sharon (January 1, 1996). <i>International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe</i>. Routledge. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-884964-02-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-884964-02-2">978-1-884964-02-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Trudy%2C+Robert%2C+Sharon&rft.aulast=Ring%2C+Salkin%2C+Boda&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Southern+Europe&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-02-2&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan et al. (2004), pp. 41–42. "Rome created an elaborate urban system. Roman colonies were organized as a means of securing Roman territory. The first thing that Romans did when they conquered new territories was to establish cities."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan et al. (2004), p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCameron2009" class="citation book">Cameron, Averil (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Byzantines.html?id=59c6PSa5JCAC"><i>The Byzantines</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-4051-9833-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-4051-9833-2">978-1-4051-9833-2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Averil&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.btitle=The+Byzantines&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9833-2&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FThe_Byzantines.html%3Fid%3D59c6PSa5JCAC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLaiou2002" class="citation book">Laiou, Angeliki E. (2002). "Writing the Economic History of Byzantium". En Angeliki E. Laiou. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218231151/http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EHB.html"><i>The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 1)</i></a>. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. pp. 130–131. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EHB.html">o orixinal</a> o 18 de febreiro de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de outubro de 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.atitle=Writing+the+Economic+History+of+Byzantium&rft.aufirst=Angeliki+E.&rft.aulast=Laiou&rft.btitle=The+Economic+History+of+Byzantium+%28Volume+1%29&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=130-131&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doaks.org%2Fpublications%2Fdoaks_online_publications%2FEHB.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan et al. (2004), pp. 47–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curtis (2016), pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blomley2013-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Blomley2013_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Blomley, "What Sort of a Legal Space is a City?" en Brighenti (2013), pp. 1–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan et al. (2004), pp. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan et al. (2004), pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven High, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2AmNBgAAQBAJ&lpg=PT5&ots=1TweGHbYtH">Industrial Sunset: The Making of North America's Rust Belt, 1969-1984</a></i>; University of Toronto Press, 2003; <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0802085288" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8020-8528-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Xiaohe Zhang, "Rapid urbanization in China and its impact on the world economy"; 16th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, "New Challenges for Global Trade in a Rapidly Changing World", Shanhai Institute of Foreign Trade, June 12–14, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Johnson, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/world/asia/chinas-great-uprooting-moving-250-million-into-cities.html?pagewanted=all">China's Great Uprooting: Moving 250 Million Into Cities</a>"; <i>New York Times</i>, 15 de xuño de 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Castells, M. (ed) (2004). <i>The network society: a cross-cultural perspective</i>. London: Edward Elgar. (ebook)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Flew, T. (2008). <i>New media: an introduction</i>, 3rd edn, South Melbourne: Oxford University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harford, T. (2008) <i>The Logic of Life</i>. London: Little, Brown.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor Shelton, Matthew Zook, & Alan Wiig, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/cjres/article/doi/10.1093/cjres/rsu026/304403/The-actually-existing-smart-city">The 'actually existing smart city'</a>", <i>Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy, and Society</i> 8, 2015; <a href="//doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu026" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1093/cjres/rsu026">doi:10.1093/cjres/rsu026</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/26447633/The_Urbanization_and_Political_Development_of_the_World_System_A_comparative_quantitative_analysis">The Urbanization and Political Development of the World System:A comparative quantitative analysis. <i>History & Mathematics</i> 2 (2006): 115–153</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FreyZimmer2001-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FreyZimmer2001_43-0">43,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FreyZimmer2001_43-1">43,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">William H. Frey & Zachary Zimmer, "Defining the City"; in Paddison (2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbanization-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-urbanization_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Watson, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icup.org.uk/reports/ICUP601.pdf">Trends in urbanisation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100017/http://icup.org.uk/reports/icup601.pdf">Arquivado</a> 05 de marzo de 2016 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.", <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icup.org.uk/icupindex.asp?CID=1">Proceedings of the First International Conference on Urban Pests</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010005338/http://www.icup.org.uk/icupindex.asp?CID=1">Arquivado</a> 10 de outubro de 2017 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>, ed. K.B. Wildey and William H. Robinson, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Annez, Patricia Clarke; Buckley, Robert M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lawrence.edu/fast/finklerm/chapter1urban.pdf">"Urbanization and Growth: Setting the Context"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. En Spence, Michael; Annez, Patricia Clarke; Buckley, Robert M. <i>Urbanization and Growth</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-8213-7573-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-8213-7573-0">978-0-8213-7573-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.atitle=Urbanization+and+Growth%3A+Setting+the+Context&rft.au=Buckley%2C+Robert+M.&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Clarke&rft.aulast=Annez&rft.btitle=Urbanization+and+Growth&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-8213-7573-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lawrence.edu%2Ffast%2Ffinklerm%2Fchapter1urban.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moholy-Nagy (1968), pp. 136–137. "Why do anonymous people—the poor, the underprivileged, the unconnected—frequently prefer life under miserable conditions in tenements to the healthy order and tranquility of small towns or the sanitary subdivisions of semirural developments? The imperial planners and architects knew the answer, which is as valid today as it was 2,000 years ago. Big cities were created as power images of a competitive society, conscious of its achievement potential. Those who came to live in them did so in order to participate and compete on any attainable level. Their aim was to share in public life, and they were willing to pay for this share with personal discomfort. 'Bread and games' was a cry for opportunity and entertainment still ranking foremost among urban objectives.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SenguptaUN2014-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SenguptaUN2014_47-0">47,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SenguptaUN2014_47-1">47,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Somini Sengupta, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/world/more-than-half-the-global-population-growth-is-urban-united-nations-report-finds.html">U.N. Finds Most People Now Live in Cities</a>"; <i>New York Times</i>, 10 July 2014. Referring to: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/">World Urbanization Prospects: 2014 Revision</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706115325/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/">Arquivado</a> 06 de xullo de 2018 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>; New York: United Nations, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrennerSchmid2013-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BrennerSchmid2013_48-0">48,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BrennerSchmid2013_48-1">48,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Neil Brenner & Christian Schmid, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2427.12115/pdf">The 'Urban Age' in Question</a>"; <i>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</i> 38(3), 2013; <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12115">10.1111/1468-2427.12115</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McQuillin (1937/1987), §1.55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Archive/Files/studies/United%20Nations%20(1980)%20-%20Patterns%20of%20Urban%20and%20Rural%20Population%20Growth.pdf">Patterns of Urban and Rural Population Growth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113035655/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Archive/Files/studies/United%20Nations%20(1980)%20-%20Patterns%20of%20Urban%20and%20Rural%20Population%20Growth.pdf">Arquivado</a> 13 de novembro de 2018 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.", Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Population Studies No. 68; New York, United Nations, 1980; p. 15. "Se as proxeccións proban ser precisas, o próximo século empezará xusto despois de que a poboación mundial consiga unha maioría urbana; no ano 2000, proxéctaxe que o mundo será un 51.3 por cento urbano."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edouart Glissant (Editor-in-Chief), UNESCO "Courier" ("<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000634/063438eo.pdf">The Urban Explosion</a>"), marzo de 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf">"World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.btitle=World+Urbanization+Prospects%3A+The+2007+Revision&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwup2007%2F2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Hanlon, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newatlas.com/go/7334/">World Population Becomes More Urban Than Rural</a>"; <i>New Atlas</i>, 28 May 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HugoEtAl2003-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HugoEtAl2003_54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Graeme Hugo, Anthony Champion, & Alfredo Lattes, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3115228">Toward a New Conceptualization of Settlements for Demography</a>", <i>Population and Development Review</i> 29(2), xuño de 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706115325/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/">"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, CD-ROM Edition"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/">o orixinal</a> o 06 de xullo de 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.btitle=United+Nations%2C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division+%282014%29.+World+Urbanization+Prospects%3A+The+2014+Revision%2C+CD-ROM+Edition&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwup%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paulo A. Paranagua, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/11/latin-america-urbanisation-city-growth">Latin America struggles to cope with record urban growth</a>" (), <i>The Guardian</i>, 11 de setembro de 2012. Referindo a <a href="/w/index.php?title=UN-Habitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UN-Habitat (a páxina aínda non existe)">UN-Habitat</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citiesalliance.org/sites/citiesalliance.org/files/SOLAC-ProjectOutput.pdf">The State of Latin American and Caribbean Cities 2012: Towards a new urban transition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113035703/http://www.citiesalliance.org/sites/citiesalliance.org/files/SOLAC-ProjectOutput.pdf">Arquivado</a> 13 de novembro de 2018 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>; Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen Massy-Beresford, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/18/where-is-the-worlds-fastest-growing-city-batam-niamey-xiamen">Where is the fastest growing city in the world?</a>"; <i>The Guardian</i>, 18 de novembro 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Anderson & Achilleas Galatsidas, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/10/urban-population-growth-africa-asia-united-nations">Urban population boom poses massive challenges for Africa and Asia</a>" <i>The Guardian</i> (Development data: Datablog), 10 de xullo de 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan et al. (2004), p. 15. "As cidades globais necesitan ser diferenciadas das megacidades, definidas aquí como cidades con máis de 8 millóns de persoas. […] Londres e Nova York xa se cualificaron como megacidades hai 50 anos. En 1990, xa existían 20 megacidades, 15 das cales estaban nas rexións menos desenvolvidas economicamente do mundo. No ano 2000, o número de megacidades aumentaba a 26, de novo todas, excepto seis, localizadas nas rexións mundiais menos desenvolvidas."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frauke Kraas & Günter Mertins, "Megacities and Global Change"; en Kraas et al. (2014), p. 2. "Mentres había sete megacidades (con máis que cinco millóns de habitantes) en 1950 e 24 en 1990, no ano 2010 xa había 55 e no 2025 haberá, segundo estimacións, 87 megacidades (ONU 2012; Figo. 1)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frauke Kraas & Günter Mertins, "Megacities and Global Change"; en Kraas et al. (2014), pp. 2–3. "Sobre todo, os procesos de globalización eran e son os motores que conducen estes cambios enormes e son tamén as forzas motrices, xunto coa transformación e liberalización política, detrás dos desenvolvementos económicos dos últimos 25 anos (en China, especialmente co chamado socialismo con características chinesas que arrancou baixo Deng Xiaoping en 1978/1979, en India esencialmente durante o curso das políticas de reforma económicas da chamada Nova Política Económica en 1991; Cartier 2001; Nissel 1999). Especialmente nas megacidades, estas reformas levaron a unha enorme chegada de investimentos directos estranxeiros, a procesos de industrialización intensiva por traslado internacional de lugares de produción e dependendo da localización, parcialmente a unha expansión considerábel do sector de servizos cunha demanda crecente de espazos de oficinas así como a unha reorientación de políticas nacionais de apoio-cunha influencia de conglomerados transnacionais pero tamén de considerables pagos por transferencia das comunidades no estranxeiro. Á súa vez, estes procesos están flanqueados e intensificados por, ás veces, movementos de migración masiva de inmigrantes nacionais e internacionais ás megacidades (Baur et al. 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shipra Narang Suri & Günther Taube, "Governance in Megacities: Experiences, Challenges and Implications for International Cooperation"; en Kraas et al. (2014), p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Graham & Lucy Hewitt, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stephen_Graham11/publication/258175637_Getting_off_the_ground_On_the_politics_of_urban_verticality/links/57cebebb08ae83b3746222d1.pdf">Getting off the ground: On the politics of urban verticality</a>; <i>Progress in Human Geography</i> 37(1), 2012; <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132512443147">10.1177/0309132512443147</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eduardo F.J. de Mulder, Jacques Besner, & Brian Marker, "Underground Cities"; en Kraas et al. (2014), pp. 26–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen Bakker, "Archipelagos and networks: urbanization and water privatization in the South"; <i>The Geographical Journal</i> 169(4), December 2003; <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0016-7398.2003.00097.x">10.1111/j.0016-7398.2003.00097.x</a>. "The diversity of water supply management systems worldwide—which operate along a continuum between fully public and fully private—bear witness to repeated shifts back and forth between private and public ownership and management of water systems."</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Wikimedia Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia na categoría:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cities" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cities">Cidade</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515" title="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata"><img alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abrahamson, Mark (2004). <i>Global Cities</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-19-514204-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-19-514204-7">0-19-514204-7</a></li> <li>Ashworth, G.J. <i>War and the City</i>. Londres & Nova York: Routledge, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-203-40963-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-203-40963-9">0-203-40963-9</a>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBairoch1988" class="citation book">Bairoch, Paul (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citieseconomicde0000bair_g6m7"><i>Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present</i></a>. Chicago: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (a páxina aínda non existe)">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-226-03465-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-226-03465-8">0-226-03465-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Bairoch&rft.btitle=Cities+and+Economic+Development%3A+From+the+Dawn+of+History+to+the+Present&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-226-03465-8&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitieseconomicde0000bair_g6m7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Bridge, Gary, e Sophie Watson, eds. (2000). <i>A Companion to the City</i>. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000/2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-631-21052-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-631-21052-0">0-631-21052-0</a></li> <li>Brighenti, Andrea Mubi, ed. (2013). <i>Urban Interstices: The Aesthetics and the Politics of the In-between.</i> Farnham: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashgate_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashgate Publishing (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ashgate Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9781472410023" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9781472410023">9781472410023</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Harold (1995). <i>The Study of Urban Geography</i>. Fourth edition. Londres: Arnold. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0_7131_65898" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0 7131 65898">0 7131 65898</a></li> <li>Curtis, Simon (2016). <i>Global Cities and Global Order</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-19-874401-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-19-874401-6">978-0-19-874401-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Ellul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Ellul (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ellul, Jacques</a> (1970). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Meaning_of_the_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Meaning of the City (a páxina aínda non existe)">The Meaning of the City</a></i>. Traducido por Dennis Pardee. Grand Rapids, Míchigan: Eerdmans, 1970. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780802815552" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780802815552">9780802815552</a>, orixinal en francés (creado con anteriridade, publicado posteriormente como): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sans_feu_ni_lieu:_Signification_biblique_de_la_Grande_Ville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sans feu ni lieu: Signification biblique de la Grande Ville (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sans feu ni lieu: Signification biblique de la Grande Ville</a> ; París : Gallimard, 1975. Republished 2003 with <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9782710325826" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9782710325826">9782710325826</a></li> <li>Gupta, Joyetta, Karin Pfeffer, Hebe Verrest, & Mirjam Ros-Tonen, eds. (2015). <i>Geographies of Urban Governance: Advanced Theories, Methods and Practices</i>. Springer, 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-3-319-21272-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-3-319-21272-2">978-3-319-21272-2</a>.</li> <li>Hahn, Harlan, & Charles Levine (1980). <i>Urban Politics: Past, Present, & Future</i>. Nova York & Londres: Longman.</li> <li>Hanson, Royce (ed.). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/561/chapter/1">Perspectives on Urban Infrastructure</a></i>. Committee on National Urban Policy, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington: National Academy Press, 1984.</li> <li>Herrschel, Tassilo & Peter Newman (2017). <i>Cities as International Actors: Urban and Regional Governance Beyond the Nation State</i>. Palgrave Macmillan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Nature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer Nature (a páxina aínda non existe)">Springer Nature</a>). <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-137-39617-4" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-137-39617-4">978-1-137-39617-4</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJacobs1969" class="citation book">Jacobs, Jane (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/economyofcities0000jane"><i>The Economy of Cities</i></a>. Nova York: Random House Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.btitle=The+Economy+of+Cities&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pub=Random+House+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feconomyofcities0000jane&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Grava, Sigurd (2003). <i>Urban Transportation Systems: Choices for Communities</i>. McGraw Hill, libro electrónico. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780071476799" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780071476799">9780071476799</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_James_(academic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul James (academic) (a páxina aínda non existe)">James, Paul</a>; with Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred B. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/9294719/Urban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_"><i>Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability</i></a>. Londres: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.au=Scerri%2C+Andy&rft.au=Steger%2C+Manfred+B.&rft.au=with+Magee%2C+Liam&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=James&rft.btitle=Urban+Sustainability+in+Theory+and+Practice%3A+Circles+of+Sustainability&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9294719%2FUrban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Kaplan, David H.; James O. Wheeler; Steven R. Holloway; & Thomas W. Hodler, cartographer (2004). <i>Urban Geography</i>. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-471-35998-X" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-471-35998-X">0-471-35998-X</a></li> <li>Kavaratzis, Mihalis, Gary Warnaby, & Gregory J. Ashworth, eds. (2015). <i>Rethinking Place Branding: Comprehensive Brand Development for Cities and Regions</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-3-319-12424-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-3-319-12424-7">978-3-319-12424-7</a>.</li> <li>Kraas, Frauke, Surinder Aggarwal, Martin Coy, & Günter Mertins, eds. (2014). <i>Megacities: Our Global Urban Future</i>. United Nations "International Year of Planet Earth" book series. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-90-481-3417-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-90-481-3417-5">978-90-481-3417-5</a>.</li> <li>Latham, Alan, Derek McCormack, Kim McNamara, & Donald McNeil (2009). <i>Key Concepts in Urban Geography</i>. Londres: SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978_1_4129_3041_3" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978 1 4129 3041 3">978 1 4129 3041 3</a>.</li> <li>Leach, William (1993). <i>Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture</i>. Nova York: Vintage Books (Random House), 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-679-75411-3" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-679-75411-3">0-679-75411-3</a>.</li> <li>Levy, John M. (2017). <i>Contemporary Urban Planning</i>. 11º edición. Nova York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis).</li> <li>Magnusson, Warren. <i>Politics of Urbanism: Seeing like a city</i>. Londres & Nova York: Routledge, 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-203-80889-4" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-203-80889-4">978-0-203-80889-4</a>.</li> <li>Marshall, John U. (1989). <i>The Structure of Urban Systems</i>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780802067357" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780802067357">9780802067357</a>.</li> <li>Marzluff, John M., Eric Schulenberger, Wilfried Endlicher, Marina Alberti, Gordon Bradley, Clre Ryan, Craig ZumBrunne, & Ute Simon (2008). <i>Urban Ecology: An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature</i>. Nova York: Springer Science+Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-387-73412-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-387-73412-5">978-0-387-73412-5</a>.</li> <li>McQuillan, Eugene (1937/1987). <i>The Law of Municipal Corporations: Third Edition.</i> 1987 revised volume by Charles R. P. Keating, Esq. Wilmette, Illinois: Callaghan & Company.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibyl_Moholy-Nagy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sibyl Moholy-Nagy (a páxina aínda non existe)">Moholy-Nagy, Sibyl</a> (1968). <i>Matrix of Man: An Illustrated History of Urban Environment.</i> Nova York: Frederick A Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9781315619408" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9781315619408">9781315619408</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Mumford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Mumford (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mumford, Lewis</a> (1961). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_in_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The City in History (a páxina aínda non existe)">The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects</a></i>. Nova York: Harcourt, Brace & World.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFO'Flaherty2005" class="citation book">O'Flaherty, Brendan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cityeconomics0000ofla"><i>City Economics</i></a>. Cambridge Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-674-01918-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-674-01918-0">0-674-01918-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft.aulast=O%27Flaherty&rft.btitle=City+Economics&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-674-01918-0&rft.place=Cambridge+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcityeconomics0000ofla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPacione2001" class="citation book">Pacione, Michael (2001). <i>The City: Critical Concepts in The Social Sciences</i>. Nova York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (a páxina aínda non existe)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-415-25270-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-415-25270-9">0-415-25270-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Pacione&rft.btitle=The+City%3A+Critical+Concepts+in+The+Social+Sciences&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-415-25270-9&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Paddison, Ronan, ed. (2001). <i>Handbook of Urban Studies</i>. Londres; Thousand Oaks, California; e Nova Delhi: SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0_8039_7695_X" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0 8039 7695 X">0 8039 7695 X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witold_Rybczynski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Witold Rybczynski (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rybczynski, W.</a>, <i>City Life: Urban Expectations in a New World</i>, (1995)</li> <li>Smith, Michael E. (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-02-EarlyCities.pdf"><i>The Earliest Cities. In Urban Life: Readings in Urban Anthropology, edited by George Gmelch and Walter Zenner</i></a>, pp. 3–19. 4th ed. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aidan_Southall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aidan Southall (a páxina aínda non existe)">Southall, Aidan</a> (1998). <i>The City in Time and Space</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0_521_46211_8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0 521 46211 8">0 521 46211 8</a></li> <li>Wellman, Kath & Marcus Spiller, eds. (2012). <i>Urban Infrastructure: Finance and Management</i>. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-470-67218-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-470-67218-1">978-0-470-67218-1</a>.</li> <li>Berger, Alan S., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=INcgTPo-U1cC&printsec=frontcover"><i>The City: Urban Communities and Their Problems</i></a>, Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown, 1978.</li> <li>Chandler, T. <i>Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census</i>. Lewiston, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Mellen_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Mellen Press (a páxina aínda non existe)">Edwin Mellen Press</a>, 1987.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Geddes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Geddes (a páxina aínda non existe)">Geddes, Patrick</a>, <i>City Development</i> (1904)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Glaeser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Glaeser (a páxina aínda non existe)">Glaeser, Edward</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780143120544"><i>Triumph of the City: How Our Best Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier</i></a>. Nova York: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-59420-277-3" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-59420-277-3">978-1-59420-277-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACidade&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.aulast=Glaeser&rft.btitle=Triumph+of+the+City%3A+How+Our+Best+Invention+Makes+Us+Richer%2C+Smarter%2C+Greener%2C+Healthier%2C+and+Happier&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-277-3&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780143120544&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Kemp, Roger L. <i> Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity</i>, McFarland and Company, Inc., Jefferson, Carolina do norte, Estados Unidos de América, e Londres, Reino Unido, 2007. (<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7864-3151-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7864-3151-9">978-0-7864-3151-9</a>).</li> <li>Kemp, Roger L. <i>How American Governments Work: A Handbook of City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Operations</i>, McFarland and Company, Inc., Carolina do norte, Estados Unidos de América, e Londres, Reino Unido. (<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7864-3152-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7864-3152-6">978-0-7864-3152-6</a>).</li> <li>Kemp, Roger L. "City and Gown Relations: A Handbook of Best Practices," McFarland and Company, Inc., Jefferson, Carolina do norte, Estados Unidos de América, e Londres, Reino Unido, (2013). (<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7864-6399-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7864-6399-2">978-0-7864-6399-2</a>).</li> <li>Monti, Daniel J., Jr., <i>The American City: A Social and Cultural History</i>. Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-55786-918-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-55786-918-0">978-1-55786-918-0</a>.</li> <li>Reader, John (2005) Cities. Vintage, Nova York.</li> <li>Robson, W.A., e Regan, D.E., ed., <i>Great Cities of the World</i>, (3d ed., 2 vol., 1972)</li> <li>Smethurst, Paul (2015). <i>The Bicycle – Towards a Global History</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-137-49951-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-137-49951-6">978-1-137-49951-6</a>.</li> <li>Thernstrom, S., e Sennett, R., ed., <i>Nineteenth-Century Cities</i> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_J._Toynbee" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold J. Toynbee">Toynbee, Arnold J.</a> (ed), <i>Cities of Destiny</i>, Nova York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGraw-Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McGraw-Hill (a páxina aínda non existe)">McGraw-Hill</a>, 1967. Ensaios Pan históricos/xeográficos, varias imaxes. Comeza con "Athens", remata con "The Coming World City-Ecumenopolis".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber, Max</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_City_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The City (book) (a páxina aínda non existe)">The City</a></i>, 1921. 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