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id="toc-Pali_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Direct_knowing_of_dhamma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_knowing_of_dhamma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Direct knowing of <i>dhamma</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_knowing_of_dhamma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enumerations_of_special_knowledges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enumerations_of_special_knowledges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Enumerations of special knowledges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enumerations_of_special_knowledges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parallels_in_other_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE" title="অভিজ্ঞা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভিজ্ঞা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhijna" title="Abhijna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abhijna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhijna" title="Abhijna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abhijna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abhijñā" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A1%EC%8B%A0%ED%86%B5" title="육신통 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="육신통" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE" title="अभिज्ञा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभिज्ञा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhi%C3%B1%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhiññā – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abhiññā" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="აბჰიჯნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბჰიჯნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhidnya" title="Abhidnya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abhidnya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE" title="अभिज्ञा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अभिज्ञा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drievoudige_Kennis" title="Drievoudige Kennis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Drievoudige Kennis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%A5%9E%E9%80%9A" title="六神通 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="六神通" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhijna" title="Abhijna – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abhijna" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%A6" title="អភិញ្ញា៦ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អភិញ្ញា៦" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhijna" title="Abhijna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abhijna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Абхиджна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абхиджна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="อภิญญา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อภิญญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%A5c_th%C3%B4ng" title="Lục thông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lục thông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%80%9A" title="神通 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="神通" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_013.jpg/330px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_013.jpg/440px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> depicted in <a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist style</a>, demonstrating control over the fire and water elements. 3rd century CE, <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> (modern eastern Afghanistan).</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16.0em;border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism" title="Category:Buddhism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/90px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/135px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/180px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Outline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline in the Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Later Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Concepts</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharma wheel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Five Aggregates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicca">Impermanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukkha">Suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatta">Not-self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Dependent Origination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Emptiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Buddhist texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhavacana" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhavacana">Buddhavacana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Buddhist Texts">Early Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli Canon">Pāli Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_Buddhist_literature" title="Sanskrit Buddhist literature">Sanskrit literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-canonical_Buddhist_texts" title="Post-canonical Buddhist texts">Post-canon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Three Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Paths_to_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Paths to liberation">Buddhist Paths to liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Perfections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophical reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotional practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Sublime abidings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Aids to Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Lay life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist chant">Buddhist chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(Buddhism)" title="Nirvana (Buddhism)">Nirvāṇa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" title="Four stages of awakening">Four Stages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratyekabuddha">Pratyekabuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Traditions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli Canon">Pāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahāyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_Buddhism" title="Newar Buddhism">Newar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Buddhism by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" 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<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/16px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/24px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/32px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" title="Portal:Buddhism">Buddhism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buddhism" title="Template:Buddhism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism" title="Template talk:Buddhism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abhijñā</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">अभिज्ञा</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a> pronunciation: <i>abhiññā</i>; <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan language">Standard Tibetan</a>: <span lang="bo">མངོན་ཤེས</span> <i>mngon shes</i>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">六通/(六)神通</span></span>) is a Buddhist term generally translated as "direct knowledge",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "higher knowledge"<sup id="cite_ref-ped_abhinna_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ped_abhinna-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walshe_bps_sn_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walshe_bps_sn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "supernormal knowledge."<sup id="cite_ref-ped_abhinna_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ped_abhinna-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, such special knowledge is obtained through <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%ABla" class="mw-redirect" title="Śīla">virtuous living</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a>. The attainment of the four <a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism">jhanas</a>, or meditative absorptions, is considered a prerequisite for their attainment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarbacker2021entry:_"abhijñā"_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarbacker2021entry:_"abhijñā"-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of specifically enumerated knowledges, these include mundane extra-sensory abilities (such as seeing past lives and various supranormal powers like levitation) as well as the supramundane, meaning the extinction of all mental intoxicants (<i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80sava" class="mw-redirect" title="Āsava">āsava</a></i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pali_literature">Pali literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pali literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Pali_literature" title="Pali literature">Pali literature</a>, <i>abhiññā</i> refers to both the direct apprehension of <i><a href="/wiki/Dhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma">dhamma</a></i> (translated below as "states" and "qualities") as well as to specialized super-normal capabilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_knowing_of_dhamma">Direct knowing of <i>dhamma</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Direct knowing of dhamma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">SN</a> 45.159, the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> describes "higher knowledge" (<i>abhiññā</i>) as a corollary to the pursuit of the <a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-walshe_bps_sn_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walshe_bps_sn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[A] monk who cultivates the Noble Eightfold Path, who assiduously practices the Noble Eightfold Path, comprehends with higher knowledge those <a href="/wiki/Dhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma">states</a> that are to be so comprehended, abandons with higher knowledge those states that are to be so abandoned, comes to experience with higher knowledge those states that are to be so experienced, and cultivates with higher knowledge those states that are to be so cultivated.</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What, monks, are the states to be comprehended with higher knowledge?<br />They are the <a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">five groups of clinging</a>. Which five? The body-group, the feeling-group, the perception-group, the mental-formation group, the consciousness-group... </p><p>What, monks, are the states to be abandoned with higher knowledge?<br />They are <a href="/wiki/Avijja" class="mw-redirect" title="Avijja">ignorance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">desire</a> for [further] becoming. And what, monks, are the states to be experienced with higher knowledge?<br />They are knowledge and liberation. </p><p> And what, monk, are the states to be cultivated with higher knowledge?<br />They are <a href="/wiki/Samatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha">calm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vipassana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipassana">insight</a>.</p></blockquote> <p>Such direct knowledge, according to the Buddha, is obscured by desire and passion (<i>chanda-rāga</i>):<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Monks, any desire-passion with regard to the eye is a <a href="/wiki/Kilesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilesa">defilement</a> of the mind. Any desire-passion with regard to the ear... the nose... the tongue... the body... the intellect is a defilement of the mind. When, with regard to <a href="/wiki/Ayatana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatana">these six bases</a>, the defilements of awareness are abandoned, then the mind is inclined to <a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">renunciation</a>. The mind fostered by renunciation feels malleable for the direct knowing of those <a href="/wiki/Dhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma">qualities</a> worth realizing.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enumerations_of_special_knowledges">Enumerations of special knowledges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Enumerations of special knowledges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a>, the higher knowledges are often enumerated in a group of six or of three types of knowledge. </p><p>The six types of higher knowledges (<i>chalabhiññā</i>) are: </p> <ol><li>"Higher powers" (<i><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">iddhi</a>-vidhā</i>), such as walking on water and through walls;</li> <li>"Divine ear" (<i>dibba-sota</i>), that is, <a href="/wiki/Clairaudience" title="Clairaudience">clairaudience</a>;</li> <li>"Mind-penetrating knowledge" (<i>ceto-pariya-ñā<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṇ</i></span>a</i>), that is, <a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">telepathy</a>;</li> <li>"Remember one's former abodes" (<i>pubbe-nivāsanussati</i>), causal memory, that is, recalling one's own <a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">past lives</a>;</li> <li>"Divine eye" (<i>dibba-cakkhu</i>), that is, knowing others' <a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">karmic</a> destinations; and,</li> <li>"Extinction of mental intoxicants" (<i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80sava" class="mw-redirect" title="Āsava">āsavakkhaya</a></i>), upon which <a href="/wiki/Arahantship" class="mw-redirect" title="Arahantship">arahantship</a> follows.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The attainment of these six higher powers is mentioned in a number of <a href="/wiki/S%C5%ABtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sūtra">discourses</a>, most famously the "Fruits of Contemplative Life Discourse" (<i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sama%C3%B1%C3%B1aphala_Sutta" title="Samaññaphala Sutta">Samaññaphala Sutta</a></i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Digha_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha Nikaya">DN</a> 2).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attainment of the four <a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism">jhanas</a> is considered to be a prerequisite for the attainment of the higher powers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarbacker2021entry:_"abhijñā"_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarbacker2021entry:_"abhijñā"-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sixth type is the ultimate goal of Buddhism, which is the end of all suffering and destruction of all <a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">ignorance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, indulgence in the <i>abhiññās</i> should be avoided, as they can distract from the ultimate goal of <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, the three knowledges or wisdoms (<i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">tevijja</i></span></i> or <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">tivijja</i></span></i>) are: </p> <ol><li>"Remember one's former abodes" (<i>pubbe-nivāsanussati</i>);</li> <li>"Divine eye" (<i>dibba-cakkhu</i>); and,</li> <li>"Extinction of mental intoxicants" (<i>āsavakkhaya</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The three knowledges are mentioned in numerous discourses including the <i>Maha-Saccaka Sutta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Majjhima_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Majjhima Nikaya">MN</a> 36) in which the Buddha describes obtaining each of these three knowledges on the first, second and third watches respectively of the night of his <a href="/wiki/Bodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi">enlightenment</a>. These forms of knowledge typically are listed as arising after the attainment of the fourth <a href="/wiki/Jhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhana">jhana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While such powers are considered to be indicative of spiritual progress, Buddhism cautions against their indulgence or exhibition since such could divert one from the true path of obtaining suffering's <a href="/wiki/Nibbana" class="mw-redirect" title="Nibbana">release</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parallels_in_other_cultures">Parallels in other cultures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parallels in other cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first five types of Abhijna, are similar to the <a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">siddhis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> in Hinduism, mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Knowing the past, present and future;</li> <li>Tolerance of heat, cold and other dualities;</li> <li>Knowing the minds of others;</li> <li>Checking the influence of fire, sun, water, poison, and so on;</li> <li>Remaining unconquered by others.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">Iddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles of Gautama Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">Prajñā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibbana" class="mw-redirect" title="Nibbana">Nibbana</a>, obtain cessation of suffering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama%C3%B1%C3%B1aphala_Sutta" title="Samaññaphala Sutta">Samaññaphala Sutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhuti" title="Vibhuti">Vibhuti</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodhi (2000), e.g., <a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">SN</a> 45.159 (pp. 1557-8).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ped_abhinna-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ped_abhinna_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ped_abhinna_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-5), pp. 64-65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walshe_bps_sn-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walshe_bps_sn_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walshe_bps_sn_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walshe (1985, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/walshe/wheel318.html#passage-56">passage 56</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">SN</a> 45.159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoiberg2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/31">"Abhijñā"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8"><bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopaedia2009ency%2Fpage%2F31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbhij%C3%B1%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarbacker2021entry:_"abhijñā"-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarbacker2021entry:_"abhijñā"_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarbacker2021entry:_"abhijñā"_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSarbacker2021">Sarbacker 2021</a>, p. entry: "abhijñā".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">SN</a> 27.1 (Thanissaro, 1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orientalia (2007); Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-5), pp. 64-65, 115–116, 121–122, 272, 288–289, 372, 432; Thanissaro (1997).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thanissaro (1997). Other discourses that mention the six types of higher knowledge include the <i>Kevatta Sutta</i> (DN 11), the <i>Lohicca Sutta</i> (DN 12) and the <i>Mahasakuludayi Sutta</i> (MN 77).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003346/abhijna">Encyclopædia Britannica (2007).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for instance, Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), pp. 307, 617.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thanissaro (1998). Other discourses that mention the three include the <i>Tevijja Sutta</i> (DN 13) and the <i>Bhaya-bherava Sutta</i> (MN 4).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>"Abhijna" (2007). In <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Retrieved 2007-05-18 from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003346">https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003346</a>.</li> <li>"Abhinna" (2007). In <i>Orientalia: Eastern Philosophy, Religion and Culture</i>. Retrieved 2007-05-18 from Orientalia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050506001255/http://orientalia.org/dictionary-Buddhist_Dictionary-definition22811-abhinna.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20050506001255/http://orientalia.org/dictionary-Buddhist_Dictionary-definition22811-abhinna.html</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu_Bodhi" title="Bhikkhu Bodhi">Bodhi, Bhikkhu</a> (trans.) (2000). <i>The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya</i>. Boston: Wisdom Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86171-331-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86171-331-1">0-86171-331-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._W._Rhys_Davids" class="mw-redirect" title="T. W. Rhys Davids">Rhys Davids</a>, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). "<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Abhiññā</i></span>" in <i>The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary</i>. Chipstead: <a href="/wiki/Pali_Text_Society" title="Pali Text Society">Pali Text Society</a>. Retrieved 2007-05-18 from Digital Dictionaries of South Asia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:1696.pali">http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:1696.pali</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarbacker2021" class="citation cs2">Sarbacker, Stuart Ray (2021), <i>Tracing the Path of Yoga: The History and Philosophy of Indian Mind-Body Discipline</i>, State University of New York Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracing+the+Path+of+Yoga%3A+The+History+and+Philosophy+of+Indian+Mind-Body+Discipline&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Sarbacker&rft.aufirst=Stuart+Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbhij%C3%B1%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanissaro_Bhikkhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanissaro Bhikkhu">Thanissaro Bhikkhu</a> (trans.) (1994). <i>Upakkilesa Samyutta: Defilements</i> (<a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">SN</a> 27.1-10). Retrieved 2008-07-17 from "Access to Insight" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn27/sn27.001-010.than.html">http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn27/sn27.001-010.than.html</a>.</li> <li>Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997). <i>Samaññaphala Sutta: The Fruits of the Contemplative Life</i> (<a href="/wiki/Digha_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha Nikaya">DN</a> 2). Retrieved 2007-05-18 from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.02.0.than.html">http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.02.0.than.html</a>.</li> <li>Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998). <i>Maha-Saccaka Sutta: The Longer Discourse to Saccaka (excerpt)</i> (<a href="/wiki/Majjhima_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Majjhima Nikaya">MN</a> 36). Retrieved 2007-05-19 from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801091439/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.036x.than.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20080801091439/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.036x.than.html</a>.</li> <li>Walshe, Maurice O'C. (1985). <i>Samyutta Nikaya: An Anthology (Part III)</i> (Wheel Nos. 318–21). Kandy: <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Publication_Society" title="Buddhist Publication Society">Buddhist Publication Society</a>. Retrieved 2008-07-17 from "Access to Insight" (transcribed 2007) at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/walshe/wheel318.html">http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/walshe/wheel318.html</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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